diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Doc/library/functions.rst')
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/library/functions.rst | 42 |
1 files changed, 32 insertions, 10 deletions
diff --git a/Doc/library/functions.rst b/Doc/library/functions.rst index e5d4a99..3cf5335 100644 --- a/Doc/library/functions.rst +++ b/Doc/library/functions.rst @@ -152,10 +152,6 @@ are always available. They are listed here in alphabetical order. 1,114,111 (0x10FFFF in base 16). :exc:`ValueError` will be raised if *i* is outside that range. - Note that on narrow Unicode builds, the result is a string of - length two for *i* greater than 65,535 (0xFFFF in hexadecimal). - - .. function:: classmethod(function) @@ -780,10 +776,10 @@ are always available. They are listed here in alphabetical order. :meth:`__index__` method that returns an integer. -.. function:: open(file, mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None, closefd=True) +.. function:: open(file, mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None, closefd=True, opener=None) Open *file* and return a corresponding stream. If the file cannot be opened, - an :exc:`IOError` is raised. + an :exc:`OSError` is raised. *file* is either a string or bytes object giving the pathname (absolute or relative to the current working directory) of the file to be opened or @@ -887,6 +883,15 @@ are always available. They are listed here in alphabetical order. closed. If a filename is given *closefd* has no effect and must be ``True`` (the default). + A custom opener can be used by passing a callable as *opener*. The underlying + file descriptor for the file object is then obtained by calling *opener* with + (*file*, *flags*). *opener* must return an open file descriptor (passing + :mod:`os.open` as *opener* results in functionality similar to passing + ``None``). + + .. versionchanged:: 3.3 + The *opener* parameter was added. + The type of file object returned by the :func:`open` function depends on the mode. When :func:`open` is used to open a file in a text mode (``'w'``, ``'r'``, ``'wt'``, ``'rt'``, etc.), it returns a subclass of @@ -912,6 +917,9 @@ are always available. They are listed here in alphabetical order. (where :func:`open` is declared), :mod:`os`, :mod:`os.path`, :mod:`tempfile`, and :mod:`shutil`. + .. versionchanged:: 3.3 + :exc:`IOError` used to be raised, it is now an alias of :exc:`OSError`. + .. XXX works for bytes too, but should it? .. function:: ord(c) @@ -921,9 +929,6 @@ are always available. They are listed here in alphabetical order. point of that character. For example, ``ord('a')`` returns the integer ``97`` and ``ord('\u2020')`` returns ``8224``. This is the inverse of :func:`chr`. - On wide Unicode builds, if the argument length is not one, a - :exc:`TypeError` will be raised. On narrow Unicode builds, strings - of length two are accepted when they form a UTF-16 surrogate pair. .. function:: pow(x, y[, z]) @@ -1037,7 +1042,9 @@ are always available. They are listed here in alphabetical order. ...]``. If *step* is positive, the last element is the largest ``start + i * step`` less than *stop*; if *step* is negative, the last element is the smallest ``start + i * step`` greater than *stop*. *step* must not be zero - (or else :exc:`ValueError` is raised). Example: + (or else :exc:`ValueError` is raised). Range objects have read-only data + attributes :attr:`start`, :attr:`stop` and :attr:`step` which return the + argument values (or their default). Example: >>> list(range(10)) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] @@ -1074,6 +1081,13 @@ are always available. They are listed here in alphabetical order. >>> r[-1] 18 + Testing range objects for equality with ``==`` and ``!=`` compares + them as sequences. That is, two range objects are considered equal if + they represent the same sequence of values. (Note that two range + objects that compare equal might have different :attr:`start`, + :attr:`stop` and :attr:`step` attributes, for example ``range(0) == + range(2, 1, 3)`` or ``range(0, 3, 2) == range(0, 4, 2)``.) + Ranges containing absolute values larger than :data:`sys.maxsize` are permitted but some features (such as :func:`len`) will raise :exc:`OverflowError`. @@ -1083,6 +1097,14 @@ are always available. They are listed here in alphabetical order. Test integers for membership in constant time instead of iterating through all items. + .. versionchanged:: 3.3 + Define '==' and '!=' to compare range objects based on the + sequence of values they define (instead of comparing based on + object identity). + + .. versionadded:: 3.3 + The :attr:`start`, :attr:`stop` and :attr:`step` attributes. + .. function:: repr(object) |