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diff --git a/Doc/library/httplib.rst b/Doc/library/httplib.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aae2219 --- /dev/null +++ b/Doc/library/httplib.rst @@ -0,0 +1,552 @@ + +:mod:`httplib` --- HTTP protocol client +======================================= + +.. module:: httplib + :synopsis: HTTP and HTTPS protocol client (requires sockets). + + +.. index:: + pair: HTTP; protocol + single: HTTP; httplib (standard module) + +.. index:: module: urllib + +This module defines classes which implement the client side of the HTTP and +HTTPS protocols. It is normally not used directly --- the module :mod:`urllib` +uses it to handle URLs that use HTTP and HTTPS. + +.. note:: + + HTTPS support is only available if the :mod:`socket` module was compiled with + SSL support. + +.. note:: + + The public interface for this module changed substantially in Python 2.0. The + :class:`HTTP` class is retained only for backward compatibility with 1.5.2. It + should not be used in new code. Refer to the online docstrings for usage. + +The module provides the following classes: + + +.. class:: HTTPConnection(host[, port[, strict[, timeout]]]) + + An :class:`HTTPConnection` instance represents one transaction with an HTTP + server. It should be instantiated passing it a host and optional port number. + If no port number is passed, the port is extracted from the host string if it + has the form ``host:port``, else the default HTTP port (80) is used. When True, + the optional parameter *strict* causes ``BadStatusLine`` to be raised if the + status line can't be parsed as a valid HTTP/1.0 or 1.1 status line. If the + optional *timeout* parameter is given, connection attempts will timeout after + that many seconds (if it is not given or ``None``, the global default timeout + setting is used). + + For example, the following calls all create instances that connect to the server + at the same host and port:: + + >>> h1 = httplib.HTTPConnection('www.cwi.nl') + >>> h2 = httplib.HTTPConnection('www.cwi.nl:80') + >>> h3 = httplib.HTTPConnection('www.cwi.nl', 80) + >>> h3 = httplib.HTTPConnection('www.cwi.nl', 80, timeout=10) + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + + .. versionchanged:: 2.6 + *timeout* was added. + + +.. class:: HTTPSConnection(host[, port[, key_file[, cert_file[, strict[, timeout]]]]]) + + A subclass of :class:`HTTPConnection` that uses SSL for communication with + secure servers. Default port is ``443``. *key_file* is the name of a PEM + formatted file that contains your private key. *cert_file* is a PEM formatted + certificate chain file. + + .. warning:: + + This does not do any certificate verification! + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + + .. versionchanged:: 2.6 + *timeout* was added. + + +.. class:: HTTPResponse(sock[, debuglevel=0][, strict=0]) + + Class whose instances are returned upon successful connection. Not instantiated + directly by user. + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + +The following exceptions are raised as appropriate: + + +.. exception:: HTTPException + + The base class of the other exceptions in this module. It is a subclass of + :exc:`Exception`. + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + + +.. exception:: NotConnected + + A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`. + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + + +.. exception:: InvalidURL + + A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`, raised if a port is given and is either + non-numeric or empty. + + .. versionadded:: 2.3 + + +.. exception:: UnknownProtocol + + A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`. + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + + +.. exception:: UnknownTransferEncoding + + A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`. + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + + +.. exception:: UnimplementedFileMode + + A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`. + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + + +.. exception:: IncompleteRead + + A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`. + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + + +.. exception:: ImproperConnectionState + + A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`. + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + + +.. exception:: CannotSendRequest + + A subclass of :exc:`ImproperConnectionState`. + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + + +.. exception:: CannotSendHeader + + A subclass of :exc:`ImproperConnectionState`. + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + + +.. exception:: ResponseNotReady + + A subclass of :exc:`ImproperConnectionState`. + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + + +.. exception:: BadStatusLine + + A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`. Raised if a server responds with a HTTP + status code that we don't understand. + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + +The constants defined in this module are: + + +.. data:: HTTP_PORT + + The default port for the HTTP protocol (always ``80``). + + +.. data:: HTTPS_PORT + + The default port for the HTTPS protocol (always ``443``). + +and also the following constants for integer status codes: + ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| Constant | Value | Definition | ++==========================================+=========+=======================================================================+ +| :const:`CONTINUE` | ``100`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.1.1 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.1.1>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS` | ``101`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.1.2 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.1.2>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`PROCESSING` | ``102`` | WEBDAV, `RFC 2518, Section 10.1 | +| | | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_102>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`OK` | ``200`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.2.1 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.1>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`CREATED` | ``201`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.2.2 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.2>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`ACCEPTED` | ``202`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.2.3 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.3>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION` | ``203`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.2.4 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.4>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`NO_CONTENT` | ``204`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.2.5 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.5>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`RESET_CONTENT` | ``205`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.2.6 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.6>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`PARTIAL_CONTENT` | ``206`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.2.7 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.7>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`MULTI_STATUS` | ``207`` | WEBDAV `RFC 2518, Section 10.2 | +| | | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_207>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`IM_USED` | ``226`` | Delta encoding in HTTP, | +| | | :rfc:`3229`, Section 10.4.1 | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`MULTIPLE_CHOICES` | ``300`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.3.1 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.1>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`MOVED_PERMANENTLY` | ``301`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.3.2 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.2>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`FOUND` | ``302`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.3.3 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.3>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`SEE_OTHER` | ``303`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.3.4 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.4>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`NOT_MODIFIED` | ``304`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.3.5 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.5>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`USE_PROXY` | ``305`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.3.6 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.6>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`TEMPORARY_REDIRECT` | ``307`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.3.8 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.8>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`BAD_REQUEST` | ``400`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.4.1 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.1>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`UNAUTHORIZED` | ``401`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.4.2 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.2>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`PAYMENT_REQUIRED` | ``402`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.4.3 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.3>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`FORBIDDEN` | ``403`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.4.4 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.4>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`NOT_FOUND` | ``404`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.4.5 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.5>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED` | ``405`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.4.6 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.6>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`NOT_ACCEPTABLE` | ``406`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.4.7 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.7>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED` | ``407`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.4.8 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.8>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`REQUEST_TIMEOUT` | ``408`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.4.9 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.9>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`CONFLICT` | ``409`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.4.10 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.10>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`GONE` | ``410`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.4.11 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.11>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`LENGTH_REQUIRED` | ``411`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.4.12 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.12>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`PRECONDITION_FAILED` | ``412`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.4.13 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.13>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE` | ``413`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.4.14 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.14>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG` | ``414`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.4.15 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.15>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE` | ``415`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.4.16 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.16>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE` | ``416`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.4.17 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.17>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`EXPECTATION_FAILED` | ``417`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.4.18 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.18>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY` | ``422`` | WEBDAV, `RFC 2518, Section 10.3 | +| | | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_422>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`LOCKED` | ``423`` | WEBDAV `RFC 2518, Section 10.4 | +| | | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_423>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`FAILED_DEPENDENCY` | ``424`` | WEBDAV, `RFC 2518, Section 10.5 | +| | | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_424>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`UPGRADE_REQUIRED` | ``426`` | HTTP Upgrade to TLS, | +| | | :rfc:`2817`, Section 6 | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR` | ``500`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.5.1 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.1>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`NOT_IMPLEMENTED` | ``501`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.5.2 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.2>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`BAD_GATEWAY` | ``502`` | HTTP/1.1 `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.5.3 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.3>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE` | ``503`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.5.4 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.4>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`GATEWAY_TIMEOUT` | ``504`` | HTTP/1.1 `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.5.5 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.5>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED` | ``505`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section | +| | | 10.5.6 | +| | | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.6>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE` | ``507`` | WEBDAV, `RFC 2518, Section 10.6 | +| | | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_507>`_ | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +| :const:`NOT_EXTENDED` | ``510`` | An HTTP Extension Framework, | +| | | :rfc:`2774`, Section 7 | ++------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ + + +.. data:: responses + + This dictionary maps the HTTP 1.1 status codes to the W3C names. + + Example: ``httplib.responses[httplib.NOT_FOUND]`` is ``'Not Found'``. + + .. versionadded:: 2.5 + + +.. _httpconnection-objects: + +HTTPConnection Objects +---------------------- + +:class:`HTTPConnection` instances have the following methods: + + +.. method:: HTTPConnection.request(method, url[, body[, headers]]) + + This will send a request to the server using the HTTP request method *method* + and the selector *url*. If the *body* argument is present, it should be a + string of data to send after the headers are finished. Alternatively, it may + be an open file object, in which case the contents of the file is sent; this + file object should support ``fileno()`` and ``read()`` methods. The header + Content-Length is automatically set to the correct value. The *headers* + argument should be a mapping of extra HTTP headers to send with the request. + + .. versionchanged:: 2.6 + *body* can be a file object. + + +.. method:: HTTPConnection.getresponse() + + Should be called after a request is sent to get the response from the server. + Returns an :class:`HTTPResponse` instance. + + .. note:: + + Note that you must have read the whole response before you can send a new + request to the server. + + +.. method:: HTTPConnection.set_debuglevel(level) + + Set the debugging level (the amount of debugging output printed). The default + debug level is ``0``, meaning no debugging output is printed. + + +.. method:: HTTPConnection.connect() + + Connect to the server specified when the object was created. + + +.. method:: HTTPConnection.close() + + Close the connection to the server. + +As an alternative to using the :meth:`request` method described above, you can +also send your request step by step, by using the four functions below. + + +.. method:: HTTPConnection.putrequest(request, selector[, skip_host[, skip_accept_encoding]]) + + This should be the first call after the connection to the server has been made. + It sends a line to the server consisting of the *request* string, the *selector* + string, and the HTTP version (``HTTP/1.1``). To disable automatic sending of + ``Host:`` or ``Accept-Encoding:`` headers (for example to accept additional + content encodings), specify *skip_host* or *skip_accept_encoding* with non-False + values. + + .. versionchanged:: 2.4 + *skip_accept_encoding* argument added. + + +.. method:: HTTPConnection.putheader(header, argument[, ...]) + + Send an :rfc:`822`\ -style header to the server. It sends a line to the server + consisting of the header, a colon and a space, and the first argument. If more + arguments are given, continuation lines are sent, each consisting of a tab and + an argument. + + +.. method:: HTTPConnection.endheaders() + + Send a blank line to the server, signalling the end of the headers. + + +.. method:: HTTPConnection.send(data) + + Send data to the server. This should be used directly only after the + :meth:`endheaders` method has been called and before :meth:`getresponse` is + called. + + +.. _httpresponse-objects: + +HTTPResponse Objects +-------------------- + +:class:`HTTPResponse` instances have the following methods and attributes: + + +.. method:: HTTPResponse.read([amt]) + + Reads and returns the response body, or up to the next *amt* bytes. + + +.. method:: HTTPResponse.getheader(name[, default]) + + Get the contents of the header *name*, or *default* if there is no matching + header. + + +.. method:: HTTPResponse.getheaders() + + Return a list of (header, value) tuples. + + .. versionadded:: 2.4 + + +.. attribute:: HTTPResponse.msg + + A :class:`mimetools.Message` instance containing the response headers. + + +.. attribute:: HTTPResponse.version + + HTTP protocol version used by server. 10 for HTTP/1.0, 11 for HTTP/1.1. + + +.. attribute:: HTTPResponse.status + + Status code returned by server. + + +.. attribute:: HTTPResponse.reason + + Reason phrase returned by server. + + +.. _httplib-examples: + +Examples +-------- + +Here is an example session that uses the ``GET`` method:: + + >>> import httplib + >>> conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("www.python.org") + >>> conn.request("GET", "/index.html") + >>> r1 = conn.getresponse() + >>> print r1.status, r1.reason + 200 OK + >>> data1 = r1.read() + >>> conn.request("GET", "/parrot.spam") + >>> r2 = conn.getresponse() + >>> print r2.status, r2.reason + 404 Not Found + >>> data2 = r2.read() + >>> conn.close() + +Here is an example session that shows how to ``POST`` requests:: + + >>> import httplib, urllib + >>> params = urllib.urlencode({'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'bacon': 0}) + >>> headers = {"Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", + ... "Accept": "text/plain"} + >>> conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("musi-cal.mojam.com:80") + >>> conn.request("POST", "/cgi-bin/query", params, headers) + >>> response = conn.getresponse() + >>> print response.status, response.reason + 200 OK + >>> data = response.read() + >>> conn.close() + |