diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Doc/ref/ref7.tex')
-rw-r--r-- | Doc/ref/ref7.tex | 38 |
1 files changed, 26 insertions, 12 deletions
diff --git a/Doc/ref/ref7.tex b/Doc/ref/ref7.tex index 02f96a4..9294557 100644 --- a/Doc/ref/ref7.tex +++ b/Doc/ref/ref7.tex @@ -381,6 +381,7 @@ section~\ref{types}): \begin{productionlist} \production{funcdef} {[\token{decorators}] "def" \token{funcname} "(" [\token{parameter_list}] ")" + ["->" \token{expression}]? ":" \token{suite}} \production{decorators} {\token{decorator}+} @@ -390,15 +391,14 @@ section~\ref{types}): {\token{identifier} ("." \token{identifier})*} \production{parameter_list} {(\token{defparameter} ",")*} - \productioncont{(~~"*" \token{identifier} [, "**" \token{identifier}]} - \productioncont{ | "**" \token{identifier}} + \productioncont{(~~"*" [\token{parameter}] ("," \token{defparameter})*} + \productioncont{ [, "**" \token{parameter}]} + \productioncont{ | "**" \token{parameter}} \productioncont{ | \token{defparameter} [","] )} + \production{parameter} + {\token{identifier} [":" \token{expression}]} \production{defparameter} {\token{parameter} ["=" \token{expression}]} - \production{sublist} - {\token{parameter} ("," \token{parameter})* [","]} - \production{parameter} - {\token{identifier} | "(" \token{sublist} ")"} \production{funcname} {\token{identifier}} \end{productionlist} @@ -435,14 +435,14 @@ def func(): pass func = f1(arg)(f2(func)) \end{verbatim} -When one or more top-level parameters have the form \var{parameter} +When one or more parameters have the form \var{parameter} \code{=} \var{expression}, the function is said to have ``default parameter values.'' For a parameter with a default value, the corresponding argument may be omitted from a call, in which case the parameter's default value is substituted. If a -parameter has a default value, all following parameters must also have -a default value --- this is a syntactic restriction that is not -expressed by the grammar. +parameter has a default value, all following parameters up until the +``\code{*}'' must also have a default value --- this is a syntactic +restriction that is not expressed by the grammar. \indexiii{default}{parameter}{value} \strong{Default parameter values are evaluated when the function @@ -473,7 +473,21 @@ is present, it is initialized to a tuple receiving any excess positional parameters, defaulting to the empty tuple. If the form ``\code{**identifier}'' is present, it is initialized to a new dictionary receiving any excess keyword arguments, defaulting to a -new empty dictionary. +new empty dictionary. Parameters after ``\code{*}'' or ``\code{*identifier}'' +are keyword-only parameters and may only be passed used keyword arguments. + +Parameters may have annotations of the form ``\code{: expression}'' +following the parameter name. Any parameter may have an annotation even +those of the form \code{*identifier} or \code{**identifier}. +Functions may have ``return'' annotation of the form ``\code{-> expression}'' +after the parameter list. These annotations can be any valid Python +expression and are evaluated when the function definition is executed. +Annotations may be evaluated in a different order than they appear in the +source code. The presence of annotations does not change the semantics of a +function. The annotation values are available as values of a dictionary +keyed by the parameters' names in the \member{__annotations__} +attribute of the function object. +\indexii{function}{annotations} It is also possible to create anonymous functions (functions not bound to a name), for immediate use in expressions. This uses lambda forms, @@ -482,7 +496,7 @@ merely a shorthand for a simplified function definition; a function defined in a ``\keyword{def}'' statement can be passed around or assigned to another name just like a function defined by a lambda form. The ``\keyword{def}'' form is actually more powerful since it -allows the execution of multiple statements. +allows the execution of multiple statements and annotations. \indexii{lambda}{form} \strong{Programmer's note:} Functions are first-class objects. A |