diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Doc/ref')
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/ref/ref3.tex | 167 |
1 files changed, 83 insertions, 84 deletions
diff --git a/Doc/ref/ref3.tex b/Doc/ref/ref3.tex index e522b82..5eb857a 100644 --- a/Doc/ref/ref3.tex +++ b/Doc/ref/ref3.tex @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ references.) Note that the use of the implementation's tracing or debugging facilities may keep objects alive that would normally be collectable. Also note that catching an exception with a -`\code{try}...\code{except}' statement may keep objects alive. +`\keyword{try}...\keyword{except}' statement may keep objects alive. Some objects contain references to ``external'' resources such as open files or windows. It is understood that these resources are freed @@ -57,9 +57,8 @@ when the object is garbage-collected, but since garbage collection is not guaranteed to happen, such objects also provide an explicit way to release the external resource, usually a \method{close()} method. Programs are strongly recommended to explicitly close such -objects. -The `\code{try}...\code{finally}' statement provides a convenient way -to do this. +objects. The `\keyword{try}...\keyword{finally}' statement provides +a convenient way to do this. Some objects contain references to other objects; these are called \emph{containers}. Examples of containers are tuples, lists and @@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ object, if it has any. \index{attribute} \indexii{special}{attribute} \indexiii{generic}{special}{attribute} -\withsubitem{(built-in object attribute)}{% +\withsubitem{(built-in object attribute)}{ \ttindex{__methods__} \ttindex{__members__}} @@ -231,7 +230,7 @@ renumbered so that it starts at 0. Sequences are distinguished according to their mutability: \begin{description} -% + \item[Immutable sequences] An object of an immutable sequence type cannot change once it is created. (If the object contains references to other objects, @@ -388,12 +387,12 @@ defines the global namespace of the module in which the function was defined. Additional information about a function's definition can be retrieved from its code object; see the description of internal types below. -\withsubitem{(function attribute)}{% - \ttindex{func_doc}% - \ttindex{__doc__}% - \ttindex{__name__}% - \ttindex{func_defaults}% - \ttindex{func_code}% +\withsubitem{(function attribute)}{ + \ttindex{func_doc} + \ttindex{__doc__} + \ttindex{__name__} + \ttindex{func_defaults} + \ttindex{func_code} \ttindex{func_globals}} \indexii{global}{namespace} @@ -411,8 +410,8 @@ base class of the class of which \member{im_self} is an instance); \member{__doc__} is the method's documentation (same as \code{im_func.__doc__}); \member{__name__} is the method name (same as \code{im_func.__name__}). -\withsubitem{(method attribute)}{% - \ttindex{im_func}% +\withsubitem{(method attribute)}{ + \ttindex{im_func} \ttindex{im_self}} User-defined method objects are created in two ways: when getting an @@ -430,9 +429,9 @@ function \method{f()}, \code{C.f} does not yield the function object instance, \code{x.f} yields a bound method object \code{m} where \code{m.im_class} is \code{C}, \code{m.im_func} is \method{f()}, and \code{m.im_self} is \code{x}. -\withsubitem{(method attribute)}{% - \ttindex{im_class}% - \ttindex{im_func}% +\withsubitem{(method attribute)}{ + \ttindex{im_class} + \ttindex{im_func} \ttindex{im_self}} When an unbound user-defined method object is called, the underlying @@ -531,9 +530,9 @@ The \member{__file__} attribute is not present for C{} modules that are statically linked into the interpreter; for extension modules loaded dynamically from a shared library, it is the pathname of the shared library file. -\withsubitem{(module attribute)}{% - \ttindex{__name__}% - \ttindex{__doc__}% +\withsubitem{(module attribute)}{ + \ttindex{__name__} + \ttindex{__doc__} \ttindex{__file__}} \indexii{module}{namespace} @@ -576,11 +575,11 @@ Special attributes: \member{__name__} is the class name; containing the base classes, in the order of their occurrence in the base class list; \member{__doc__} is the class's documentation string, or None if undefined. -\withsubitem{(class attribute)}{% - \ttindex{__name__}% - \ttindex{__module__}% - \ttindex{__dict__}% - \ttindex{__bases__}% +\withsubitem{(class attribute)}{ + \ttindex{__name__} + \ttindex{__module__} + \ttindex{__dict__} + \ttindex{__bases__} \ttindex{__doc__}} \item[Class instances] @@ -617,8 +616,8 @@ section \ref{specialnames}, ``Special method names.'' Special attributes: \member{__dict__} is the attribute dictionary; \member{__class__} is the instance's class. -\withsubitem{(instance attribute)}{% - \ttindex{__dict__}% +\withsubitem{(instance attribute)}{ + \ttindex{__dict__} \ttindex{__class__}} \item[Files] @@ -637,9 +636,9 @@ Library Reference} for complete documentation of file objects. \bifuncindex{open} \withsubitem{(in module os)}{\ttindex{popen()}} \withsubitem{(socket method)}{\ttindex{makefile()}} -\withsubitem{(in module sys)}{% - \ttindex{stdin}% - \ttindex{stdout}% +\withsubitem{(in module sys)}{ + \ttindex{stdin} + \ttindex{stdout} \ttindex{stderr}} \ttindex{sys.stdin} \ttindex{sys.stdout} @@ -684,18 +683,18 @@ byte code offsets to line numbers (for detais see the source code of the interpreter); \member{co_stacksize} is the required stack size (including local variables); \member{co_flags} is an integer encoding a number of flags for the interpreter. -\withsubitem{(code object attribute)}{% - \ttindex{co_argcount}% - \ttindex{co_code}% - \ttindex{co_consts}% - \ttindex{co_filename}% - \ttindex{co_firstlineno}% - \ttindex{co_flags}% - \ttindex{co_lnotab}% - \ttindex{co_name}% - \ttindex{co_names}% - \ttindex{co_nlocals}% - \ttindex{co_stacksize}% +\withsubitem{(code object attribute)}{ + \ttindex{co_argcount} + \ttindex{co_code} + \ttindex{co_consts} + \ttindex{co_filename} + \ttindex{co_firstlineno} + \ttindex{co_flags} + \ttindex{co_lnotab} + \ttindex{co_name} + \ttindex{co_names} + \ttindex{co_nlocals} + \ttindex{co_stacksize} \ttindex{co_varnames}} The following flag bits are defined for \member{co_flags}: bit 2 is set @@ -724,14 +723,14 @@ executing in restricted execution mode; \member{f_lineno} gives the line number and \member{f_lasti} gives the precise instruction (this is an index into the bytecode string of the code object). -\withsubitem{(frame attribute)}{% - \ttindex{f_back}% - \ttindex{f_code}% - \ttindex{f_globals}% - \ttindex{f_locals}% - \ttindex{f_lineno}% - \ttindex{f_lasti}% - \ttindex{f_builtins}% +\withsubitem{(frame attribute)}{ + \ttindex{f_back} + \ttindex{f_code} + \ttindex{f_globals} + \ttindex{f_locals} + \ttindex{f_lineno} + \ttindex{f_lasti} + \ttindex{f_builtins} \ttindex{f_restricted}} Special writable attributes: \member{f_trace}, if not \code{None}, is a @@ -739,10 +738,10 @@ function called at the start of each source code line (this is used by the debugger); \member{f_exc_type}, \member{f_exc_value}, \member{f_exc_traceback} represent the most recent exception caught in this frame. -\withsubitem{(frame attribute)}{% - \ttindex{f_trace}% - \ttindex{f_exc_type}% - \ttindex{f_exc_value}% +\withsubitem{(frame attribute)}{ + \ttindex{f_trace} + \ttindex{f_exc_type} + \ttindex{f_exc_value} \ttindex{f_exc_traceback}} \item[Traceback objects] \label{traceback} @@ -765,9 +764,9 @@ interactive, it is also made available to the user as \indexii{stack}{trace} \indexii{exception}{handler} \indexii{execution}{stack} -\withsubitem{(in module sys)}{% - \ttindex{exc_info}% - \ttindex{exc_traceback}% +\withsubitem{(in module sys)}{ + \ttindex{exc_info} + \ttindex{exc_traceback} \ttindex{last_traceback}} \ttindex{sys.exc_info} \ttindex{sys.exc_traceback} @@ -782,10 +781,10 @@ precise instruction. The line number and last instruction in the traceback may differ from the line number of its frame object if the exception occurred in a \keyword{try} statement with no matching except clause or with a finally clause. -\withsubitem{(traceback attribute)}{% - \ttindex{tb_next}% - \ttindex{tb_frame}% - \ttindex{tb_lineno}% +\withsubitem{(traceback attribute)}{ + \ttindex{tb_next} + \ttindex{tb_frame} + \ttindex{tb_lineno} \ttindex{tb_lasti}} \stindex{try} @@ -799,9 +798,9 @@ k:l]}, or \code{a[..., i:j])}. They are also created by the built-in Special read-only attributes: \member{start} is the lowerbound; \member{stop} is the upperbound; \member{step} is the step value; each is \code{None} if omitted. These attributes can have any type. -\withsubitem{(slice object attribute)}{% - \ttindex{start}% - \ttindex{stop}% +\withsubitem{(slice object attribute)}{ + \ttindex{start} + \ttindex{stop} \ttindex{step}} \end{description} % Internal types @@ -1026,27 +1025,27 @@ multiplication (meaning repetition) by defining the methods \method{__add__()}, \method{__radd__()}, \method{__mul__()} and \method{__rmul__()} described below; they should not define \method{__coerce__()} or other numerical operators. -\withsubitem{(mapping object method)}{% - \ttindex{keys()}% - \ttindex{values()}% - \ttindex{items()}% - \ttindex{has_key()}% - \ttindex{get()}% - \ttindex{clear()}% - \ttindex{copy()}% +\withsubitem{(mapping object method)}{ + \ttindex{keys()} + \ttindex{values()} + \ttindex{items()} + \ttindex{has_key()} + \ttindex{get()} + \ttindex{clear()} + \ttindex{copy()} \ttindex{update()}} -\withsubitem{(sequence object method)}{% - \ttindex{append()}% - \ttindex{count()}% - \ttindex{index()}% - \ttindex{insert()}% - \ttindex{pop()}% - \ttindex{remove()}% - \ttindex{reverse()}% - \ttindex{sort()}% - \ttindex{__add__()}% - \ttindex{__radd__()}% - \ttindex{__mul__()}% +\withsubitem{(sequence object method)}{ + \ttindex{append()} + \ttindex{count()} + \ttindex{index()} + \ttindex{insert()} + \ttindex{pop()} + \ttindex{remove()} + \ttindex{reverse()} + \ttindex{sort()} + \ttindex{__add__()} + \ttindex{__radd__()} + \ttindex{__mul__()} \ttindex{__rmul__()}} \withsubitem{(numberic object method)}{\ttindex{__coerce__()}} |