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diff --git a/Doc/using/mac.rst b/Doc/using/mac.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7811f37 --- /dev/null +++ b/Doc/using/mac.rst @@ -0,0 +1,202 @@ + +.. _using-on-mac: + +*************************** +Using Python on a Macintosh +*************************** + +:Author: Bob Savage <bobsavage@mac.com> + + +Python on a Macintosh running Mac OS X is in principle very similar to Python on +any other Unix platform, but there are a number of additional features such as +the IDE and the Package Manager that are worth pointing out. + +The Mac-specific modules are documented in :ref:`mac-specific-services`. + +Python on Mac OS 9 or earlier can be quite different from Python on Unix or +Windows, but is beyond the scope of this manual, as that platform is no longer +supported, starting with Python 2.4. See http://www.cwi.nl/~jack/macpython for +installers for the latest 2.3 release for Mac OS 9 and related documentation. + + +.. _getting-osx: + +Getting and Installing MacPython +================================ + +Mac OS X 10.4 comes with Python 2.3 pre-installed by Apple. However, you are +encouraged to install the most recent version of Python from the Python website +(http://www.python.org). A "universal binary" build of Python 2.5, which runs +natively on the Mac's new Intel and legacy PPC CPU's, is available there. + +What you get after installing is a number of things: + +* A :file:`MacPython 2.5` folder in your :file:`Applications` folder. In here + you find IDLE, the development environment that is a standard part of official + Python distributions; PythonLauncher, which handles double-clicking Python + scripts from the Finder; and the "Build Applet" tool, which allows you to + package Python scripts as standalone applications on your system. + +* A framework :file:`/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework`, which includes the + Python executable and libraries. The installer adds this location to your shell + path. To uninstall MacPython, you can simply remove these three things. A + symlink to the Python executable is placed in /usr/local/bin/. + +The Apple-provided build of Python is installed in +:file:`/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework` and :file:`/usr/bin/python`, +respectively. You should never modify or delete these, as they are +Apple-controlled and are used by Apple- or third-party software. + +IDLE includes a help menu that allows you to access Python documentation. If you +are completely new to Python you should start reading the tutorial introduction +in that document. + +If you are familiar with Python on other Unix platforms you should read the +section on running Python scripts from the Unix shell. + + +How to run a Python script +-------------------------- + +Your best way to get started with Python on Mac OS X is through the IDLE +integrated development environment, see section :ref:`ide` and use the Help menu +when the IDE is running. + +If you want to run Python scripts from the Terminal window command line or from +the Finder you first need an editor to create your script. Mac OS X comes with a +number of standard Unix command line editors, :program:`vim` and +:program:`emacs` among them. If you want a more Mac-like editor, +:program:`BBEdit` or :program:`TextWrangler` from Bare Bones Software (see +http://www.barebones.com/products/bbedit/index.shtml) are good choices, as is +:program:`TextMate` (see http://macromates.com/). Other editors include +:program:`Gvim` (http://macvim.org) and :program:`Aquamacs` +(http://aquamacs.org). + +To run your script from the Terminal window you must make sure that +:file:`/usr/local/bin` is in your shell search path. + +To run your script from the Finder you have two options: + +* Drag it to :program:`PythonLauncher` + +* Select :program:`PythonLauncher` as the default application to open your + script (or any .py script) through the finder Info window and double-click it. + :program:`PythonLauncher` has various preferences to control how your script is + launched. Option-dragging allows you to change these for one invocation, or use + its Preferences menu to change things globally. + + +.. _osx-gui-scripts: + +Running scripts with a GUI +-------------------------- + +With older versions of Python, there is one Mac OS X quirk that you need to be +aware of: programs that talk to the Aqua window manager (in other words, +anything that has a GUI) need to be run in a special way. Use :program:`pythonw` +instead of :program:`python` to start such scripts. + +With Python 2.5, you can use either :program:`python` or :program:`pythonw`. + + +Configuration +------------- + +Python on OS X honors all standard Unix environment variables such as +:envvar:`PYTHONPATH`, but setting these variables for programs started from the +Finder is non-standard as the Finder does not read your :file:`.profile` or +:file:`.cshrc` at startup. You need to create a file :file:`~ +/.MacOSX/environment.plist`. See Apple's Technical Document QA1067 for details. + +For more information on installation Python packages in MacPython, see section +:ref:`mac-package-manager`. + + +.. _ide: + +The IDE +======= + +MacPython ships with the standard IDLE development environment. A good +introduction to using IDLE can be found at http://hkn.eecs.berkeley.edu/ +dyoo/python/idle_intro/index.html. + + +.. _mac-package-manager: + +Installing Additional Python Packages +===================================== + +There are several methods to install additional Python packages: + +* http://pythonmac.org/packages/ contains selected compiled packages for Python + 2.5, 2.4, and 2.3. + +* Packages can be installed via the standard Python distutils mode (``python + setup.py install``). + +* Many packages can also be installed via the :program:`setuptools` extension. + + +GUI Programming on the Mac +========================== + +There are several options for building GUI applications on the Mac with Python. + +*PyObjC* is a Python binding to Apple's Objective-C/Cocoa framework, which is +the foundation of most modern Mac development. Information on PyObjC is +available from http://pyobjc.sourceforge.net. + +The standard Python GUI toolkit is :mod:`Tkinter`, based on the cross-platform +Tk toolkit (http://www.tcl.tk). An Aqua-native version of Tk is bundled with OS +X by Apple, and the latest version can be downloaded and installed from +http://www.activestate.com; it can also be built from source. + +*wxPython* is another popular cross-platform GUI toolkit that runs natively on +Mac OS X. Packages and documentation are available from http://www.wxpython.org. + +*PyQt* is another popular cross-platform GUI toolkit that runs natively on Mac +OS X. More information can be found at +http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/pyqt/. + + +Distributing Python Applications on the Mac +=========================================== + +The "Build Applet" tool that is placed in the MacPython 2.5 folder is fine for +packaging small Python scripts on your own machine to run as a standard Mac +application. This tool, however, is not robust enough to distribute Python +applications to other users. + +The standard tool for deploying standalone Python applications on the Mac is +:program:`py2app`. More information on installing and using py2app can be found +at http://undefined.org/python/#py2app. + + +Application Scripting +===================== + +Python can also be used to script other Mac applications via Apple's Open +Scripting Architecture (OSA); see http://appscript.sourceforge.net. Appscript is +a high-level, user-friendly Apple event bridge that allows you to control +scriptable Mac OS X applications using ordinary Python scripts. Appscript makes +Python a serious alternative to Apple's own *AppleScript* language for +automating your Mac. A related package, *PyOSA*, is an OSA language component +for the Python scripting language, allowing Python code to be executed by any +OSA-enabled application (Script Editor, Mail, iTunes, etc.). PyOSA makes Python +a full peer to AppleScript. + + +Other Resources +=============== + +The MacPython mailing list is an excellent support resource for Python users and +developers on the Mac: + +http://www.python.org/community/sigs/current/pythonmac-sig/ + +Another useful resource is the MacPython wiki: + +http://wiki.python.org/moin/MacPython + |