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diff --git a/Lib/test/test_multiprocessing_main_handling.py b/Lib/test/test_multiprocessing_main_handling.py
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/Lib/test/test_multiprocessing_main_handling.py
@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+# tests __main__ module handling in multiprocessing
+
+import importlib
+import importlib.machinery
+import zipimport
+import unittest
+import sys
+import os
+import os.path
+import py_compile
+
+from test import support
+from test.script_helper import (
+    make_pkg, make_script, make_zip_pkg, make_zip_script,
+    assert_python_ok, assert_python_failure, temp_dir,
+    spawn_python, kill_python)
+
+# We look inside the context module to find out which
+# start methods we can check
+from multiprocessing.context import _concrete_contexts
+
+verbose = support.verbose
+
+test_source = """\
+# multiprocessing includes all sorts of shenanigans to make __main__
+# attributes accessible in the subprocess in a pickle compatible way.
+
+# We run the "doesn't work in the interactive interpreter" example from
+# the docs to make sure it *does* work from an executed __main__,
+# regardless of the invocation mechanism
+
+import sys
+import time
+from multiprocessing import Pool, set_start_method
+
+# We use this __main__ defined function in the map call below in order to
+# check that multiprocessing in correctly running the unguarded
+# code in child processes and then making it available as __main__
+def f(x):
+    return x*x
+
+# Check explicit relative imports
+if "check_sibling" in __file__:
+    # We're inside a package and not in a __main__.py file
+    # so make sure explicit relative imports work correctly
+    from . import sibling
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    start_method = sys.argv[1]
+    set_start_method(start_method)
+    p = Pool(5)
+    results = []
+    p.map_async(f, [1, 2, 3], callback=results.extend)
+    deadline = time.time() + 2 # up to 2 s to report the results
+    while not results:
+        time.sleep(0.05)
+        if time.time() > deadline:
+            raise RuntimeError("Timed out waiting for results")
+    results.sort()
+    print(start_method, "->", results)
+"""
+
+test_source_main_skipped_in_children = """\
+# __main__.py files have an implied "if __name__ == '__main__'" so
+# multiprocessing should always skip running them in child processes
+
+# This means we can't use __main__ defined functions in child processes,
+# so we just use "int" as a passthrough operation below
+
+if __name__ != "__main__":
+    raise RuntimeError("Should only be called as __main__!")
+
+import sys
+import time
+from multiprocessing import Pool, set_start_method
+
+start_method = sys.argv[1]
+set_start_method(start_method)
+p = Pool(5)
+results = []
+p.map_async(int, [1, 4, 9], callback=results.extend)
+deadline = time.time() + 2 # up to 2 s to report the results
+while not results:
+    time.sleep(0.05)
+    if time.time() > deadline:
+        raise RuntimeError("Timed out waiting for results")
+results.sort()
+print(start_method, "->", results)
+"""
+
+# These helpers were copied from test_cmd_line_script & tweaked a bit...
+
+def _make_test_script(script_dir, script_basename,
+                      source=test_source, omit_suffix=False):
+    to_return = make_script(script_dir, script_basename,
+                            source, omit_suffix)
+    # Hack to check explicit relative imports
+    if script_basename == "check_sibling":
+        make_script(script_dir, "sibling", "")
+    importlib.invalidate_caches()
+    return to_return
+
+def _make_test_zip_pkg(zip_dir, zip_basename, pkg_name, script_basename,
+                       source=test_source, depth=1):
+    to_return = make_zip_pkg(zip_dir, zip_basename, pkg_name, script_basename,
+                             source, depth)
+    importlib.invalidate_caches()
+    return to_return
+
+# There's no easy way to pass the script directory in to get
+# -m to work (avoiding that is the whole point of making
+# directories and zipfiles executable!)
+# So we fake it for testing purposes with a custom launch script
+launch_source = """\
+import sys, os.path, runpy
+sys.path.insert(0, %s)
+runpy._run_module_as_main(%r)
+"""
+
+def _make_launch_script(script_dir, script_basename, module_name, path=None):
+    if path is None:
+        path = "os.path.dirname(__file__)"
+    else:
+        path = repr(path)
+    source = launch_source % (path, module_name)
+    to_return = make_script(script_dir, script_basename, source)
+    importlib.invalidate_caches()
+    return to_return
+
+class MultiProcessingCmdLineMixin():
+    maxDiff = None # Show full tracebacks on subprocess failure
+
+    def setupClass(cls):
+        if cls.start_method not in _concrete_contexts:
+            raise unittest.SkipTest("%r start method not available" %
+                                                          cls.start_method)
+
+    def _check_output(self, script_name, exit_code, out, err):
+        if verbose > 1:
+            print("Output from test script %r:" % script_name)
+            print(out)
+        self.assertEqual(exit_code, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(err.decode('utf-8'), '')
+        expected_results = "%s -> [1, 4, 9]" % self.start_method
+        self.assertEqual(out.decode('utf-8').strip(), expected_results)
+
+    def _check_script(self, script_name, *cmd_line_switches):
+        if not __debug__:
+            cmd_line_switches += ('-' + 'O' * sys.flags.optimize,)
+        run_args = cmd_line_switches + (script_name, self.start_method)
+        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok(*run_args, __isolated=False)
+        self._check_output(script_name, rc, out, err)
+
+    def test_basic_script(self):
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            script_name = _make_test_script(script_dir, 'script')
+            self._check_script(script_name)
+
+    def test_basic_script_no_suffix(self):
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            script_name = _make_test_script(script_dir, 'script',
+                                            omit_suffix=True)
+            self._check_script(script_name)
+
+    def test_ipython_workaround(self):
+        # Some versions of the IPython launch script are missing the
+        # __name__ = "__main__" guard, and multiprocessing has long had
+        # a workaround for that case
+        # See https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues/4698
+        source = test_source_main_skipped_in_children
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            script_name = _make_test_script(script_dir, 'ipython',
+                                            source=source)
+            self._check_script(script_name)
+            script_no_suffix = _make_test_script(script_dir, 'ipython',
+                                                 source=source,
+                                                 omit_suffix=True)
+            self._check_script(script_no_suffix)
+
+    def test_script_compiled(self):
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            script_name = _make_test_script(script_dir, 'script')
+            py_compile.compile(script_name, doraise=True)
+            os.remove(script_name)
+            pyc_file = support.make_legacy_pyc(script_name)
+            self._check_script(pyc_file)
+
+    def test_directory(self):
+        source = self.main_in_children_source
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            script_name = _make_test_script(script_dir, '__main__',
+                                            source=source)
+            self._check_script(script_dir)
+
+    def test_directory_compiled(self):
+        source = self.main_in_children_source
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            script_name = _make_test_script(script_dir, '__main__',
+                                            source=source)
+            py_compile.compile(script_name, doraise=True)
+            os.remove(script_name)
+            pyc_file = support.make_legacy_pyc(script_name)
+            self._check_script(script_dir)
+
+    def test_zipfile(self):
+        source = self.main_in_children_source
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            script_name = _make_test_script(script_dir, '__main__',
+                                            source=source)
+            zip_name, run_name = make_zip_script(script_dir, 'test_zip', script_name)
+            self._check_script(zip_name)
+
+    def test_zipfile_compiled(self):
+        source = self.main_in_children_source
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            script_name = _make_test_script(script_dir, '__main__',
+                                            source=source)
+            compiled_name = py_compile.compile(script_name, doraise=True)
+            zip_name, run_name = make_zip_script(script_dir, 'test_zip', compiled_name)
+            self._check_script(zip_name)
+
+    def test_module_in_package(self):
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            pkg_dir = os.path.join(script_dir, 'test_pkg')
+            make_pkg(pkg_dir)
+            script_name = _make_test_script(pkg_dir, 'check_sibling')
+            launch_name = _make_launch_script(script_dir, 'launch',
+                                              'test_pkg.check_sibling')
+            self._check_script(launch_name)
+
+    def test_module_in_package_in_zipfile(self):
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            zip_name, run_name = _make_test_zip_pkg(script_dir, 'test_zip', 'test_pkg', 'script')
+            launch_name = _make_launch_script(script_dir, 'launch', 'test_pkg.script', zip_name)
+            self._check_script(launch_name)
+
+    def test_module_in_subpackage_in_zipfile(self):
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            zip_name, run_name = _make_test_zip_pkg(script_dir, 'test_zip', 'test_pkg', 'script', depth=2)
+            launch_name = _make_launch_script(script_dir, 'launch', 'test_pkg.test_pkg.script', zip_name)
+            self._check_script(launch_name)
+
+    def test_package(self):
+        source = self.main_in_children_source
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            pkg_dir = os.path.join(script_dir, 'test_pkg')
+            make_pkg(pkg_dir)
+            script_name = _make_test_script(pkg_dir, '__main__',
+                                            source=source)
+            launch_name = _make_launch_script(script_dir, 'launch', 'test_pkg')
+            self._check_script(launch_name)
+
+    def test_package_compiled(self):
+        source = self.main_in_children_source
+        with temp_dir() as script_dir:
+            pkg_dir = os.path.join(script_dir, 'test_pkg')
+            make_pkg(pkg_dir)
+            script_name = _make_test_script(pkg_dir, '__main__',
+                                            source=source)
+            compiled_name = py_compile.compile(script_name, doraise=True)
+            os.remove(script_name)
+            pyc_file = support.make_legacy_pyc(script_name)
+            launch_name = _make_launch_script(script_dir, 'launch', 'test_pkg')
+            self._check_script(launch_name)
+
+# Test all supported start methods (setupClass skips as appropriate)
+
+class SpawnCmdLineTest(MultiProcessingCmdLineMixin, unittest.TestCase):
+    start_method = 'spawn'
+    main_in_children_source = test_source_main_skipped_in_children
+
+class ForkCmdLineTest(MultiProcessingCmdLineMixin, unittest.TestCase):
+    start_method = 'fork'
+    main_in_children_source = test_source
+
+class ForkServerCmdLineTest(MultiProcessingCmdLineMixin, unittest.TestCase):
+    start_method = 'forkserver'
+    main_in_children_source = test_source_main_skipped_in_children
+
+def test_main():
+    support.run_unittest(SpawnCmdLineTest,
+                         ForkCmdLineTest,
+                         ForkServerCmdLineTest)
+    support.reap_children()
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test_main()