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+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+""" xturtle-example-suite:
+
+ xtx_kites_and_darts.py
+
+Constructs two aperiodic penrose-tilings,
+consisting of kites and darts, by the method
+of inflation in six steps.
+
+Starting points are the patterns "sun"
+consisting of five kites and "star"
+consisting of five darts.
+
+For more information see:
+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penrose_tiling
+ -------------------------------------------
+"""
+from turtle import *
+from math import cos, pi
+from time import clock, sleep
+
+f = (5**0.5-1)/2.0 # (sqrt(5)-1)/2 -- golden ratio
+d = 2 * cos(3*pi/10)
+
+def kite(l):
+ fl = f * l
+ lt(36)
+ fd(l)
+ rt(108)
+ fd(fl)
+ rt(36)
+ fd(fl)
+ rt(108)
+ fd(l)
+ rt(144)
+
+def dart(l):
+ fl = f * l
+ lt(36)
+ fd(l)
+ rt(144)
+ fd(fl)
+ lt(36)
+ fd(fl)
+ rt(144)
+ fd(l)
+ rt(144)
+
+def inflatekite(l, n):
+ if n == 0:
+ px, py = pos()
+ h, x, y = int(heading()), round(px,3), round(py,3)
+ tiledict[(h,x,y)] = True
+ return
+ fl = f * l
+ lt(36)
+ inflatedart(fl, n-1)
+ fd(l)
+ rt(144)
+ inflatekite(fl, n-1)
+ lt(18)
+ fd(l*d)
+ rt(162)
+ inflatekite(fl, n-1)
+ lt(36)
+ fd(l)
+ rt(180)
+ inflatedart(fl, n-1)
+ lt(36)
+
+def inflatedart(l, n):
+ if n == 0:
+ px, py = pos()
+ h, x, y = int(heading()), round(px,3), round(py,3)
+ tiledict[(h,x,y)] = False
+ return
+ fl = f * l
+ inflatekite(fl, n-1)
+ lt(36)
+ fd(l)
+ rt(180)
+ inflatedart(fl, n-1)
+ lt(54)
+ fd(l*d)
+ rt(126)
+ inflatedart(fl, n-1)
+ fd(l)
+ rt(144)
+
+def draw(l, n, th=2):
+ clear()
+ l = l * f**n
+ shapesize(l/100.0, l/100.0, th)
+ for k in tiledict:
+ h, x, y = k
+ setpos(x, y)
+ setheading(h)
+ if tiledict[k]:
+ shape("kite")
+ color("black", (0, 0.75, 0))
+ else:
+ shape("dart")
+ color("black", (0.75, 0, 0))
+ stamp()
+
+def sun(l, n):
+ for i in range(5):
+ inflatekite(l, n)
+ lt(72)
+
+def star(l,n):
+ for i in range(5):
+ inflatedart(l, n)
+ lt(72)
+
+def makeshapes():
+ tracer(0)
+ begin_poly()
+ kite(100)
+ end_poly()
+ register_shape("kite", get_poly())
+ begin_poly()
+ dart(100)
+ end_poly()
+ register_shape("dart", get_poly())
+ tracer(1)
+
+def start():
+ reset()
+ ht()
+ pu()
+ makeshapes()
+ resizemode("user")
+
+def test(l=200, n=4, fun=sun, startpos=(0,0), th=2):
+ global tiledict
+ goto(startpos)
+ setheading(0)
+ tiledict = {}
+ a = clock()
+ tracer(0)
+ fun(l, n)
+ b = clock()
+ draw(l, n, th)
+ tracer(1)
+ c = clock()
+ print("Calculation: %7.4f s" % (b - a))
+ print("Drawing: %7.4f s" % (c - b))
+ print("Together: %7.4f s" % (c - a))
+ nk = len([x for x in tiledict if tiledict[x]])
+ nd = len([x for x in tiledict if not tiledict[x]])
+ print("%d kites and %d darts = %d pieces." % (nk, nd, nk+nd))
+
+def demo(fun=sun):
+ start()
+ for i in range(8):
+ a = clock()
+ test(300, i, fun)
+ b = clock()
+ t = b - a
+ if t < 2:
+ sleep(2 - t)
+
+def main():
+ #title("Penrose-tiling with kites and darts.")
+ mode("logo")
+ bgcolor(0.3, 0.3, 0)
+ demo(sun)
+ sleep(2)
+ demo(star)
+ pencolor("black")
+ goto(0,-200)
+ pencolor(0.7,0.7,1)
+ write("Please wait...",
+ align="center", font=('Arial Black', 36, 'bold'))
+ test(600, 8, startpos=(70, 117))
+ return "Done"
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+ msg = main()
+ mainloop()