diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Misc/cheatsheet')
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/cheatsheet | 61 |
1 files changed, 20 insertions, 41 deletions
diff --git a/Misc/cheatsheet b/Misc/cheatsheet index c1411eb..b1a428b 100644 --- a/Misc/cheatsheet +++ b/Misc/cheatsheet @@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ Option Effect -h print this help message and exit -i Inspect interactively after running script (also PYTHONINSPECT=x) and force prompts, even if stdin appears not to be a terminal +-m mod run library module as a script (terminates option list -O optimize generated bytecode (a tad; also PYTHONOPTIMIZE=x) -OO remove doc-strings in addition to the -O optimizations -Q arg division options: -Qold (default), -Qwarn, -Qwarnall, -Qnew @@ -926,7 +927,6 @@ fromlist]]]) abs(x) Return the absolute value of number x. bool(x) Returns True when the argument x is true and False otherwise. buffer(obj) Creates a buffer reference to an object. -callable(x) Returns True if x callable, else False. chr(i) Returns one-character string whose ASCII code isinteger i classmethod(f) Converts a function f, into a method with the class as the first argument. Useful for creating alternative constructors. @@ -934,14 +934,14 @@ cmp(x,y) Returns negative, 0, positive if x <, ==, > to y compile(string, from which the code was read, or eg. '<string>'if not read filename, kind) from file.kind can be 'eval' if string is a single stmt, or 'single' which prints the output of expression statements - thatevaluate to something else than None, or be 'exec'. + that evaluate to something else than None, or be 'exec'. complex(real[, Builds a complex object (can also be done using J or j image]) suffix,e.g. 1+3J) delattr(obj, name) deletes attribute named name of object obj <=> del obj.name If no args, returns the list of names in current dict([items]) Create a new dictionary from the specified item list. -dir([object]) localsymbol table. With a module, class or class - instanceobject as arg, returns list of names in its attr. +dir([object]) local symbol table. With a module, class or class + instance object as arg, returns list of names in its attr. dict. divmod(a,b) Returns tuple of (a/b, a%b) enumerate(seq) Return a iterator giving: (0, seq[0]), (1, seq[1]), ... @@ -956,7 +956,7 @@ sequence) function returns true. function takes one parameter. float(x) Converts a number or a string to floating point. getattr(object, [<default> arg added in 1.5.2]Gets attribute called name name[, default])) from object,e.g. getattr(x, 'f') <=> x.f). If not found, - raisesAttributeError or returns default if specified. + raises AttributeError or returns default if specified. globals() Returns a dictionary containing current global variables. hasattr(object, Returns true if object has attr called name. name) @@ -966,9 +966,7 @@ hex(x) Converts a number x to a hexadecimal string. id(object) Returns a unique 'identity' integer for an object. int(x[, base]) base paramenter specifies base from which to convert string values. -intern(aString) Enters aString in the table of "interned strings" - andreturns the string. Interned strings are 'immortals'. -isinstance(obj, returns true if obj is an instance of class. Ifissubclass +isinstance(obj, Returns true if obj is an instance of class. Ifissubclass class) (A,B) then isinstance(x,A) => isinstance(x,B) issubclass(class1, returns true if class1 is derived from class2 class2) @@ -1001,26 +999,24 @@ open(name Open a file. [, buffering]]) pow(x, y [, z]) Returns x to power y [modulo z]. See also ** operator. property() Created a property with access controlled by functions. -range(start [,end Returns list of ints from >= start and < end.With 1 arg, -[, step]]) list from 0..arg-1With 2 args, list from start..end-1With 3 - args, list from start up to end by step -reload(module) after fixing it. If module was syntacticallycorrect but had - an error in initialization, mustimport it one more time - before calling reload(). - Returns a string containing a printable and if possible -repr(object) evaluable representation of an object. +range(start [,end Returns list of ints from >= start and < end. With 1 arg, +[, step]]) list from 0..arg-1. With 2 args, list from start..end-1. + With 3 args, list from start up to end by step + after fixing it. +repr(object) Returns a string containing a printable and if possible + evaluable representation of an object. Class redefinable (__repr__). See also str(). round(x, n=0) Returns the floating point value x rounded to n digitsafter the decimal point. -setattr(object, This is the counterpart of getattr().setattr(o, 'foobar', -name, value) 3) <=> o.foobar = 3Creates attribute if it doesn't exist! +setattr(object, This is the counterpart of getattr(). setattr(o, 'foobar', +name, value) 3) <=> o.foobar = 3. Creates attribute if it doesn't exist! slice([start,] stop Returns a slice object representing a range, with R/ -[, step]) Oattributes: start, stop, step. - Returns a string containing a nicely +[, step]) O attributes: start, stop, step. staticmethod() Convert a function to method with no self or class argument. Useful for methods associated with a class that do not need access to an object's internal state. -str(object) printablerepresentation of an object. Class overridable +str(object) Returns a string containing a nicely + printable representation of an object. Class overridable (__str__).See also repr(). super(type) Create an unbound super object. Used to call cooperative superclass methods. @@ -1042,12 +1038,8 @@ encoding[, error thegiven encoding name and error treatment ('strict', vars([object]) instance object as argumentreturns a dictionary corresponding to the object'ssymbol table. Useful with "%" formatting operator. -xrange(start [, end Like range(), but doesn't actually store entire listall at -[, step]]) once. Good to use in "for" loops when there is abig range - and little memory. -zip(seq1[, seq2, Returns a list of tuples where each tuple contains the nth -...]) element of each of the argument sequences. - +zip(seq1[, seq2, Returns an iterator of tuples where each tuple contains +...]) the nth element of each of the argument sequences. @@ -1314,10 +1306,6 @@ builtin_module_names A list of strings giving the names of all moduleswritten in C that are linked into this interpreter. check_interval How often to check for thread switches or signals(measured in number of virtual machine instructions) -exc_type, exc_value, Deprecated since release 1.5. Use exc_info() instead. -exc_traceback -exitfunc User can set to a parameterless fcn. It will getcalled - before interpreter exits. last_type, Set only when an exception not handled andinterpreter last_value, prints an error. Used by debuggers. last_traceback @@ -1350,7 +1338,7 @@ settrace(func) Sets a trace function: called before each line ofcode is setprofile(func) Sets a profile function for performance profiling. Info on exception currently being handled; this is atuple (exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback).Warning: assigning the -exc_info() traceback return value to a loca variable in a +exc_info() traceback return value to a local variable in a function handling an exception will cause a circular reference. setdefaultencoding Change default Unicode encoding - defaults to 7-bit ASCII. @@ -1857,7 +1845,6 @@ dospath Common operations on DOS pathnames. dumbdbm A dumb and slow but simple dbm clone. [DEL:dump:DEL] [DEL:Print python code that reconstructs a variable.:DEL] email Comprehensive support for internet email. -exceptions Class based built-in exception hierarchy. filecmp File comparison. fileinput Helper class to quickly write a loop over all standard input files. @@ -1872,7 +1859,6 @@ getopt Standard command line processing. See also ftp:// www.pauahtun.org/pub/getargspy.zip getpass Utilities to get a password and/or the current user name. glob filename globbing. -gopherlib Gopher protocol client interface. [DEL:grep:DEL] [DEL:'grep' utilities.:DEL] gzip Read & write gzipped files. heapq Priority queue implemented using lists organized as heaps. @@ -1887,7 +1873,6 @@ imghdr Recognizing image files based on their first few bytes. imputil Privides a way of writing customised import hooks. inspect Tool for probing live Python objects. keyword List of Python keywords. -knee A Python re-implementation of hierarchical module import. linecache Cache lines from files. linuxaudiodev Lunix /dev/audio support. locale Support for number formatting using the current locale @@ -1900,8 +1885,6 @@ mailcap Mailcap file handling (RFC 1524). mhlib MH (mailbox) interface. mimetools Various tools used by MIME-reading or MIME-writing programs. mimetypes Guess the MIME type of a file. -MimeWriter Generic MIME writer. -mimify Mimification and unmimification of mail messages. mmap Interface to memory-mapped files - they behave like mutable strings./font> multifile Class to make multi-file messages easier to handle. @@ -1920,7 +1903,6 @@ pickle Pickling (save and restore) of Python objects (a faster pipes Conversion pipeline templates. pkgunil Utilities for working with Python packages. poplib A POP3 client class. Based on the J. Myers POP3 draft. -posixfile Extended (posix) file operations. posixpath Common operations on POSIX pathnames. pprint Support to pretty-print lists, tuples, & dictionaries recursively. @@ -1933,7 +1915,6 @@ py_compile Routine to "compile" a .py file to a .pyc file. pyclbr Parse a Python file and retrieve classes and methods. Queue A multi-producer, multi-consumer queue. quopri Conversions to/from quoted-printable transport encoding. -rand Don't use unless you want compatibility with C's rand(). random Random variable generators re Regular Expressions. repr Redo repr() but with limits on most sizes. @@ -1942,7 +1923,6 @@ rfc822 RFC-822 message manipulation class. rlcompleter Word completion for GNU readline 2.0. robotparser Parse robots.txt files, useful for web spiders. sched A generally useful event scheduler class. -sets Module for a set datatype. sgmllib A parser for SGML. shelve Manage shelves of pickled objects. shlex Lexical analyzer class for simple shell-like syntaxes. @@ -1954,7 +1934,6 @@ smtplib SMTP Client class (RFC 821) sndhdr Several routines that help recognizing sound. SocketServer Generic socket server classes. stat Constants and functions for interpreting stat/lstat struct. -statcache Maintain a cache of file stats. statvfs Constants for interpreting statvfs struct as returned by os.statvfs()and os.fstatvfs() (if they exist). string A collection of string operations. |