From 145b479508c7730a50e905c219e05c2b6d2450b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
Date: Tue, 11 Dec 2001 19:28:22 +0000
Subject: Added discussion of protecting against screwing up the exception
 state in an object's deallocator, including an example of how to do this.

---
 Doc/ext/newtypes.tex | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 48 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Doc/ext/newtypes.tex b/Doc/ext/newtypes.tex
index 17e2b25..6ae9f09 100644
--- a/Doc/ext/newtypes.tex
+++ b/Doc/ext/newtypes.tex
@@ -449,6 +449,11 @@ will implement.
 
 \subsection{Finalization and De-allocation}
 
+\index{object!deallocation}
+\index{deallocation, object}
+\index{object!finalization}
+\index{finalization, of objects}
+
 \begin{verbatim}
     destructor tp_dealloc;
 \end{verbatim}
@@ -468,6 +473,49 @@ newdatatype_dealloc(newdatatypeobject * obj)
 }
 \end{verbatim}
 
+One important requirement of the deallocator function is that it
+leaves any pending exceptions alone.  This is important since
+deallocators are frequently called as the interpreter unwinds the
+Python stack; when the stack is unwound due to an exception (rather
+than normal returns), nothing is done to protect the deallocators from
+seeing that an exception has already been set.  Any actions which a
+deallocator performs which may cause additional Python code to be
+executed may detect that an exception has been set.  This can lead to
+misleading errors from the interpreter.  The proper way to protect
+against this is to save a pending exception before performing the
+unsafe action, and restoring it when done.  This can be done using the
+\cfunction{PyErr_Fetch()}\ttindex{PyErr_Fetch()} and
+\cfunction{PyErr_Restore()}\ttindex{PyErr_Restore()} functions:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+static void
+my_dealloc(PyObject *obj)
+{
+    MyObject *self = (MyObject *) obj;
+    PyObject *cbresult;
+
+    if (self->my_callback != NULL) {
+        PyObject *err_type, *err_value, *err_traceback;
+        int have_error = PyErr_Occurred() ? 1 : 0;
+
+        if (have_error)
+            PyErr_Fetch(&err_type, &err_value, &err_traceback);
+
+        cbresult = PyObject_CallObject(self->my_callback, NULL);
+        if (cbresult == NULL)
+            PyErr_WriteUnraisable();
+        else
+            Py_DECREF(cbresult);
+
+        if (have_error)
+            PyErr_Restore(err_type, err_value, err_traceback);
+
+        Py_DECREF(self->my_callback);
+    }
+    PyObject_DEL(obj);
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+
 
 \subsection{Object Representation}
 
-- 
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