From 6fb5bae252b90b81dff19f572fe40a9051e5e51d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Victor Stinner Date: Fri, 4 Sep 2015 17:27:49 +0200 Subject: Fix race condition in create_stdio() Issue #24891: Fix a race condition at Python startup if the file descriptor of stdin (0), stdout (1) or stderr (2) is closed while Python is creating sys.stdin, sys.stdout and sys.stderr objects. These attributes are now set to None if the creation of the object failed, instead of raising an OSError exception. Initial patch written by Marco Paolini. --- Misc/ACKS | 1 + Misc/NEWS | 6 +++++ Python/pythonrun.c | 75 +++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------------- 3 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-) diff --git a/Misc/ACKS b/Misc/ACKS index 9af7c98..948e542 100644 --- a/Misc/ACKS +++ b/Misc/ACKS @@ -1037,6 +1037,7 @@ Jan Palus Yongzhi Pan Martin Panter Mathias Panzenböck +Marco Paolini M. Papillon Peter Parente Alexandre Parenteau diff --git a/Misc/NEWS b/Misc/NEWS index 0204090..66780ed 100644 --- a/Misc/NEWS +++ b/Misc/NEWS @@ -10,6 +10,12 @@ Release date: tba Core and Builtins ----------------- +- Issue #24891: Fix a race condition at Python startup if the file descriptor + of stdin (0), stdout (1) or stderr (2) is closed while Python is creating + sys.stdin, sys.stdout and sys.stderr objects. These attributes are now set + to None if the creation of the object failed, instead of raising an OSError + exception. Initial patch written by Marco Paolini. + - Issue #21167: NAN operations are now handled correctly when python is compiled with ICC even if -fp-model strict is not specified. diff --git a/Python/pythonrun.c b/Python/pythonrun.c index 6d6e179..0967a47 100644 --- a/Python/pythonrun.c +++ b/Python/pythonrun.c @@ -1003,6 +1003,21 @@ initsite(void) } } +/* Check if a file descriptor is valid or not. + Return 0 if the file descriptor is invalid, return non-zero otherwise. */ +static int +is_valid_fd(int fd) +{ + int fd2; + if (fd < 0 || !_PyVerify_fd(fd)) + return 0; + fd2 = dup(fd); + if (fd2 >= 0) + close(fd2); + return fd2 >= 0; +} + +/* returns Py_None if the fd is not valid */ static PyObject* create_stdio(PyObject* io, int fd, int write_mode, char* name, @@ -1018,6 +1033,9 @@ create_stdio(PyObject* io, _Py_IDENTIFIER(TextIOWrapper); _Py_IDENTIFIER(mode); + if (!is_valid_fd(fd)) + Py_RETURN_NONE; + /* stdin is always opened in buffered mode, first because it shouldn't make a difference in common use cases, second because TextIOWrapper depends on the presence of a read1() method which only exists on @@ -1099,20 +1117,15 @@ error: Py_XDECREF(stream); Py_XDECREF(text); Py_XDECREF(raw); - return NULL; -} -static int -is_valid_fd(int fd) -{ - int dummy_fd; - if (fd < 0 || !_PyVerify_fd(fd)) - return 0; - dummy_fd = dup(fd); - if (dummy_fd < 0) - return 0; - close(dummy_fd); - return 1; + if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_OSError) && !is_valid_fd(fd)) { + /* Issue #24891: the file descriptor was closed after the first + is_valid_fd() check was called. Ignore the OSError and set the + stream to None. */ + PyErr_Clear(); + Py_RETURN_NONE; + } + return NULL; } /* Initialize sys.stdin, stdout, stderr and builtins.open */ @@ -1188,30 +1201,18 @@ initstdio(void) * and fileno() may point to an invalid file descriptor. For example * GUI apps don't have valid standard streams by default. */ - if (!is_valid_fd(fd)) { - std = Py_None; - Py_INCREF(std); - } - else { - std = create_stdio(iomod, fd, 0, "", encoding, errors); - if (std == NULL) - goto error; - } /* if (fd < 0) */ + std = create_stdio(iomod, fd, 0, "", encoding, errors); + if (std == NULL) + goto error; PySys_SetObject("__stdin__", std); _PySys_SetObjectId(&PyId_stdin, std); Py_DECREF(std); /* Set sys.stdout */ fd = fileno(stdout); - if (!is_valid_fd(fd)) { - std = Py_None; - Py_INCREF(std); - } - else { - std = create_stdio(iomod, fd, 1, "", encoding, errors); - if (std == NULL) - goto error; - } /* if (fd < 0) */ + std = create_stdio(iomod, fd, 1, "", encoding, errors); + if (std == NULL) + goto error; PySys_SetObject("__stdout__", std); _PySys_SetObjectId(&PyId_stdout, std); Py_DECREF(std); @@ -1219,15 +1220,9 @@ initstdio(void) #if 1 /* Disable this if you have trouble debugging bootstrap stuff */ /* Set sys.stderr, replaces the preliminary stderr */ fd = fileno(stderr); - if (!is_valid_fd(fd)) { - std = Py_None; - Py_INCREF(std); - } - else { - std = create_stdio(iomod, fd, 1, "", encoding, "backslashreplace"); - if (std == NULL) - goto error; - } /* if (fd < 0) */ + std = create_stdio(iomod, fd, 1, "", encoding, "backslashreplace"); + if (std == NULL) + goto error; /* Same as hack above, pre-import stderr's codec to avoid recursion when import.c tries to write to stderr in verbose mode. */ -- cgit v0.12 > 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161
/***********************************************************
Copyright 1991-1995 by Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam,
The Netherlands.

                        All Rights Reserved

Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
supporting documentation, and that the names of Stichting Mathematisch
Centrum or CWI or Corporation for National Research Initiatives or
CNRI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
distribution of the software without specific, written prior
permission.

While CWI is the initial source for this software, a modified version
is made available by the Corporation for National Research Initiatives
(CNRI) at the Internet address ftp://ftp.python.org.

STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM AND CNRI DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES WITH
REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH
CENTRUM OR CNRI BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER
TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

******************************************************************/

/* Python interpreter top-level routines, including init/exit */

#include "Python.h"

#include "grammar.h"
#include "node.h"
#include "parsetok.h"
#include "errcode.h"
#include "compile.h"
#include "eval.h"
#include "marshal.h"

#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SIGNAL_H
#include <signal.h>
#endif

#ifdef MS_WIN32
#undef BYTE
#include "windows.h"
#endif

extern char *Py_GetPath();

extern grammar _PyParser_Grammar; /* From graminit.c */

/* Forward */
static void initmain Py_PROTO((void));
static void initsite Py_PROTO((void));
static PyObject *run_err_node Py_PROTO((node *n, char *filename,
				   PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals));
static PyObject *run_node Py_PROTO((node *n, char *filename,
			       PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals));
static PyObject *run_pyc_file Py_PROTO((FILE *fp, char *filename,
				   PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals));
static void err_input Py_PROTO((perrdetail *));
static void initsigs Py_PROTO((void));
static void call_sys_exitfunc Py_PROTO((void));
static void call_ll_exitfuncs Py_PROTO((void));

int Py_DebugFlag; /* Needed by parser.c */
int Py_VerboseFlag; /* Needed by import.c */
int Py_InteractiveFlag; /* Needed by Py_FdIsInteractive() below */
int Py_NoSiteFlag; /* Suppress 'import site' */
int Py_UseClassExceptionsFlag = 1; /* Needed by bltinmodule.c */
int Py_FrozenFlag; /* Needed by getpath.c */

static int initialized = 0;

/* API to access the initialized flag -- useful for eroteric use */

int
Py_IsInitialized()
{
	return initialized;
}

/* Global initializations.  Can be undone by Py_Finalize().  Don't
   call this twice without an intervening Py_Finalize() call.  When
   initializations fail, a fatal error is issued and the function does
   not return.  On return, the first thread and interpreter state have
   been created.

   Locking: you must hold the interpreter lock while calling this.
   (If the lock has not yet been initialized, that's equivalent to
   having the lock, but you cannot use multiple threads.)

*/

void
Py_Initialize()
{
	PyInterpreterState *interp;
	PyThreadState *tstate;
	PyObject *bimod, *sysmod;
	char *p;

	if (initialized)
		return;
	initialized = 1;
	
	if ((p = getenv("PYTHONDEBUG")) && *p != '\0')
		Py_DebugFlag = 1;
	if ((p = getenv("PYTHONVERBOSE")) && *p != '\0')
		Py_VerboseFlag = 1;

	interp = PyInterpreterState_New();
	if (interp == NULL)
		Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't make first interpreter");

	tstate = PyThreadState_New(interp);
	if (tstate == NULL)
		Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't make first thread");
	(void) PyThreadState_Swap(tstate);

	interp->modules = PyDict_New();
	if (interp->modules == NULL)
		Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't make modules dictionary");

	bimod = _PyBuiltin_Init_1();
	if (bimod == NULL)
		Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't initialize __builtin__");
	interp->builtins = PyModule_GetDict(bimod);
	Py_INCREF(interp->builtins);

	sysmod = _PySys_Init();
	if (sysmod == NULL)
		Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't initialize sys");
	interp->sysdict = PyModule_GetDict(sysmod);
	Py_INCREF(interp->sysdict);
	_PyImport_FixupExtension("sys", "sys");
	PySys_SetPath(Py_GetPath());
	PyDict_SetItemString(interp->sysdict, "modules",
			     interp->modules);

	/* phase 2 of builtins */
	_PyBuiltin_Init_2(interp->builtins);
	_PyImport_FixupExtension("__builtin__", "__builtin__");

	_PyImport_Init();

	initsigs(); /* Signal handling stuff, including initintr() */

	initmain(); /* Module __main__ */
	if (!Py_NoSiteFlag)
		initsite(); /* Module site */
}

/* Undo the effect of Py_Initialize().

   Beware: if multiple interpreter and/or thread states exist, these
   are not wiped out; only the current thread and interpreter state
   are deleted.  But since everything else is deleted, those other
   interpreter and thread states should no longer be used.

   (XXX We should do better, e.g. wipe out all interpreters and
   threads.)

   Locking: as above.

*/

void
Py_Finalize()
{
	PyInterpreterState *interp;
	PyThreadState *tstate;

	if (!initialized)
		return;
	initialized = 0;

	call_sys_exitfunc();

	/* Get current thread state and interpreter pointer */
	tstate = PyThreadState_Get();
	interp = tstate->interp;

	/* Disable signal handling */
	PyOS_FiniInterrupts();

	/* Destroy PyExc_MemoryErrorInst */
	_PyBuiltin_Fini_1();

	/* Destroy all modules */
	PyImport_Cleanup();

	/* Destroy the database used by _PyImport_{Fixup,Find}Extension */
	_PyImport_Fini();

	/* Debugging stuff */
#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
	dump_counts();
#endif

#ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
	fprintf(stderr, "[%ld refs]\n", _Py_RefTotal);
#endif

#ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
	if (_Py_AskYesNo("Print left references?")) {
		_Py_PrintReferences(stderr);
	}
#endif /* Py_TRACE_REFS */

	/* Delete current thread */
	PyInterpreterState_Clear(interp);
	PyThreadState_Swap(NULL);
	PyInterpreterState_Delete(interp);

	/* Now we decref the exception classes.  After this point nothing
	   can raise an exception.  That's okay, because each Fini() method
	   below has been checked to make sure no exceptions are ever
	   raised.
	*/
	_PyBuiltin_Fini_2();
	PyMethod_Fini();
	PyFrame_Fini();
	PyCFunction_Fini();
	PyTuple_Fini();
	PyString_Fini();
	PyInt_Fini();
	PyFloat_Fini();

	/* XXX Still allocated:
	   - various static ad-hoc pointers to interned strings
	   - int and float free list blocks
	   - whatever various modules and libraries allocate
	*/

	PyGrammar_RemoveAccelerators(&_PyParser_Grammar);

	call_ll_exitfuncs();

#ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
	_Py_ResetReferences();
#endif /* Py_TRACE_REFS */
}

/* Create and initialize a new interpreter and thread, and return the
   new thread.  This requires that Py_Initialize() has been called
   first.

   Unsuccessful initialization yields a NULL pointer.  Note that *no*
   exception information is available even in this case -- the
   exception information is held in the thread, and there is no
   thread.

   Locking: as above.

*/

PyThreadState *
Py_NewInterpreter()
{
	PyInterpreterState *interp;
	PyThreadState *tstate, *save_tstate;
	PyObject *bimod, *sysmod;

	if (!initialized)
		Py_FatalError("Py_NewInterpreter: call Py_Initialize first");

	interp = PyInterpreterState_New();
	if (interp == NULL)
		return NULL;

	tstate = PyThreadState_New(interp);
	if (tstate == NULL) {
		PyInterpreterState_Delete(interp);
		return NULL;
	}

	save_tstate = PyThreadState_Swap(tstate);

	/* XXX The following is lax in error checking */

	interp->modules = PyDict_New();

	bimod = _PyImport_FindExtension("__builtin__", "__builtin__");
	if (bimod != NULL) {
		interp->builtins = PyModule_GetDict(bimod);
		Py_INCREF(interp->builtins);
	}
	sysmod = _PyImport_FindExtension("sys", "sys");
	if (bimod != NULL && sysmod != NULL) {
		interp->sysdict = PyModule_GetDict(sysmod);
		Py_INCREF(interp->sysdict);
		PySys_SetPath(Py_GetPath());
		PyDict_SetItemString(interp->sysdict, "modules",
				     interp->modules);
		initmain();
		if (!Py_NoSiteFlag)
			initsite();
	}

	if (!PyErr_Occurred())
		return tstate;

	/* Oops, it didn't work.  Undo it all. */

	PyErr_Print();
	PyThreadState_Clear(tstate);
	PyThreadState_Swap(save_tstate);
	PyThreadState_Delete(tstate);
	PyInterpreterState_Delete(interp);

	return NULL;
}

/* Delete an interpreter and its last thread.  This requires that the
   given thread state is current, that the thread has no remaining
   frames, and that it is its interpreter's only remaining thread.
   It is a fatal error to violate these constraints.

   (Py_Finalize() doesn't have these constraints -- it zaps
   everything, regardless.)

   Locking: as above.

*/

void
Py_EndInterpreter(tstate)
	PyThreadState *tstate;
{
	PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;

	if (tstate != PyThreadState_Get())
		Py_FatalError("Py_EndInterpreter: thread is not current");
	if (tstate->frame != NULL)
		Py_FatalError("Py_EndInterpreter: thread still has a frame");
	if (tstate != interp->tstate_head || tstate->next != NULL)
		Py_FatalError("Py_EndInterpreter: not the last thread");

	PyImport_Cleanup();
	PyInterpreterState_Clear(interp);
	PyThreadState_Swap(NULL);
	PyInterpreterState_Delete(interp);
}

static char *progname = "python";

void
Py_SetProgramName(pn)
	char *pn;
{
	if (pn && *pn)
		progname = pn;
}

char *
Py_GetProgramName()
{
	return progname;
}

static char *default_home = NULL;

void
Py_SetPythonHome(home)
	char *home;
{
	default_home = home;
}

char *
Py_GetPythonHome()
{
	char *home = default_home;
	if (home == NULL)
		home = getenv("PYTHONHOME");
	return home;
}

/* Create __main__ module */

static void
initmain()
{
	PyObject *m, *d;
	m = PyImport_AddModule("__main__");
	if (m == NULL)
		Py_FatalError("can't create __main__ module");
	d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
	if (PyDict_GetItemString(d, "__builtins__") == NULL) {
		PyObject *bimod = PyImport_ImportModule("__builtin__");
		if (bimod == NULL ||
		    PyDict_SetItemString(d, "__builtins__", bimod) != 0)
			Py_FatalError("can't add __builtins__ to __main__");
	}
}

/* Import the site module (not into __main__ though) */

static void
initsite()
{
	PyObject *m, *f;
	m = PyImport_ImportModule("site");
	if (m == NULL) {
		f = PySys_GetObject("stderr");
		if (Py_VerboseFlag) {
			PyFile_WriteString(
				"'import site' failed; traceback:\n", f);
			PyErr_Print();
		}
		else {
			PyFile_WriteString(
			  "'import site' failed; use -v for traceback\n", f);
			PyErr_Clear();
		}
	}
	else {
		Py_DECREF(m);
	}
}

/* Parse input from a file and execute it */

int
PyRun_AnyFile(fp, filename)
	FILE *fp;
	char *filename;
{
	if (filename == NULL)
		filename = "???";
	if (Py_FdIsInteractive(fp, filename))
		return PyRun_InteractiveLoop(fp, filename);
	else
		return PyRun_SimpleFile(fp, filename);
}

int
PyRun_InteractiveLoop(fp, filename)
	FILE *fp;
	char *filename;
{
	PyObject *v;
	int ret;
	v = PySys_GetObject("ps1");
	if (v == NULL) {
		PySys_SetObject("ps1", v = PyString_FromString(">>> "));
		Py_XDECREF(v);
	}
	v = PySys_GetObject("ps2");
	if (v == NULL) {
		PySys_SetObject("ps2", v = PyString_FromString("... "));
		Py_XDECREF(v);
	}
	for (;;) {
		ret = PyRun_InteractiveOne(fp, filename);
#ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
		fprintf(stderr, "[%ld refs]\n", _Py_RefTotal);
#endif
		if (ret == E_EOF)
			return 0;
		/*
		if (ret == E_NOMEM)
			return -1;
		*/
	}
}

int
PyRun_InteractiveOne(fp, filename)
	FILE *fp;
	char *filename;
{
	PyObject *m, *d, *v, *w;
	node *n;
	perrdetail err;
	char *ps1 = "", *ps2 = "";
	v = PySys_GetObject("ps1");
	if (v != NULL) {
		v = PyObject_Str(v);
		if (v == NULL)
			PyErr_Clear();
		else if (PyString_Check(v))
			ps1 = PyString_AsString(v);
	}
	w = PySys_GetObject("ps2");
	if (w != NULL) {
		w = PyObject_Str(w);
		if (w == NULL)
			PyErr_Clear();
		else if (PyString_Check(w))
			ps2 = PyString_AsString(w);
	}
	Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
	n = PyParser_ParseFile(fp, filename, &_PyParser_Grammar,
			       Py_single_input, ps1, ps2, &err);
	Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
	Py_XDECREF(v);
	Py_XDECREF(w);
	if (n == NULL) {
		if (err.error == E_EOF) {
			if (err.text)
				free(err.text);
			return E_EOF;
		}
		err_input(&err);
		PyErr_Print();
		return err.error;
	}
	m = PyImport_AddModule("__main__");
	if (m == NULL)
		return -1;
	d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
	v = run_node(n, filename, d, d);
	if (v == NULL) {
		PyErr_Print();
		return -1;
	}
	Py_DECREF(v);
	if (Py_FlushLine())
		PyErr_Clear();
	return 0;
}

int
PyRun_SimpleFile(fp, filename)
	FILE *fp;
	char *filename;
{
	PyObject *m, *d, *v;
	char *ext;

	m = PyImport_AddModule("__main__");
	if (m == NULL)
		return -1;
	d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
	ext = filename + strlen(filename) - 4;
	if (strcmp(ext, ".pyc") == 0 || strcmp(ext, ".pyo") == 0
#ifdef macintosh
	/* On a mac, we also assume a pyc file for types 'PYC ' and 'APPL' */
	    || getfiletype(filename) == 'PYC '
	    || getfiletype(filename) == 'APPL'
#endif /* macintosh */
		) {
		/* Try to run a pyc file. First, re-open in binary */
		/* Don't close, done in main: fclose(fp); */
		if( (fp = fopen(filename, "rb")) == NULL ) {
			fprintf(stderr, "python: Can't reopen .pyc file\n");
			return -1;
		}
		/* Turn on optimization if a .pyo file is given */
		if (strcmp(ext, ".pyo") == 0)
			Py_OptimizeFlag = 1;
		v = run_pyc_file(fp, filename, d, d);
	} else {
		v = PyRun_File(fp, filename, Py_file_input, d, d);
	}
	if (v == NULL) {
		PyErr_Print();
		return -1;
	}
	Py_DECREF(v);
	if (Py_FlushLine())
		PyErr_Clear();
	return 0;
}

int
PyRun_SimpleString(command)
	char *command;
{
	PyObject *m, *d, *v;
	m = PyImport_AddModule("__main__");
	if (m == NULL)
		return -1;
	d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
	v = PyRun_String(command, Py_file_input, d, d);
	if (v == NULL) {
		PyErr_Print();
		return -1;
	}
	Py_DECREF(v);
	if (Py_FlushLine())
		PyErr_Clear();
	return 0;
}

static int
parse_syntax_error(err, message, filename, lineno, offset, text)
     PyObject* err;
     PyObject** message;
     char** filename;
     int* lineno;
     int* offset;
     char** text;
{
	long hold;
	PyObject *v;

	/* old style errors */
	if (PyTuple_Check(err))
		return PyArg_Parse(err, "(O(ziiz))", message, filename,
				   lineno, offset, text);

	/* new style errors.  `err' is an instance */

	if (! (v = PyObject_GetAttrString(err, "msg")))
		goto finally;
	*message = v;

	if (!(v = PyObject_GetAttrString(err, "filename")))
		goto finally;
	if (v == Py_None)
		*filename = NULL;
	else if (! (*filename = PyString_AsString(v)))
		goto finally;

	Py_DECREF(v);
	if (!(v = PyObject_GetAttrString(err, "lineno")))
		goto finally;
	hold = PyInt_AsLong(v);
	Py_DECREF(v);
	v = NULL;
	if (hold < 0 && PyErr_Occurred())
		goto finally;
	*lineno = (int)hold;

	if (!(v = PyObject_GetAttrString(err, "offset")))
		goto finally;
	hold = PyInt_AsLong(v);
	Py_DECREF(v);
	v = NULL;
	if (hold < 0 && PyErr_Occurred())
		goto finally;
	*offset = (int)hold;

	if (!(v = PyObject_GetAttrString(err, "text")))
		goto finally;
	if (v == Py_None)
		*text = NULL;
	else if (! (*text = PyString_AsString(v)))
		goto finally;
	Py_DECREF(v);
	return 1;

finally:
	Py_XDECREF(v);
	return 0;
}

void
PyErr_Print()
{
	PyErr_PrintEx(1);
}

void
PyErr_PrintEx(set_sys_last_vars)
	int set_sys_last_vars;
{
	int err = 0;
	PyObject *exception, *v, *tb, *f;
	PyErr_Fetch(&exception, &v, &tb);
	PyErr_NormalizeException(&exception, &v, &tb);

	if (exception == NULL)
		return;

	if (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exception, PyExc_SystemExit)) {
		if (Py_FlushLine())
			PyErr_Clear();
		fflush(stdout);
		if (v == NULL || v == Py_None)
			Py_Exit(0);
		if (PyInstance_Check(v)) {
			/* we expect the error code to be store in the
			   `code' attribute
			*/
			PyObject *code = PyObject_GetAttrString(v, "code");
			if (code) {
				Py_DECREF(v);
				v = code;
				if (v == Py_None)
					Py_Exit(0);
			}
			/* if we failed to dig out the "code" attribute,
			   then just let the else clause below print the
			   error
			*/
		}
		if (PyInt_Check(v))
			Py_Exit((int)PyInt_AsLong(v));
		else {
			/* OK to use real stderr here */
			PyObject_Print(v, stderr, Py_PRINT_RAW);
			fprintf(stderr, "\n");
			Py_Exit(1);
		}
	}
	if (set_sys_last_vars) {
		PySys_SetObject("last_type", exception);
		PySys_SetObject("last_value", v);
		PySys_SetObject("last_traceback", tb);
	}
	f = PySys_GetObject("stderr");
	if (f == NULL)
		fprintf(stderr, "lost sys.stderr\n");
	else {
		if (Py_FlushLine())
			PyErr_Clear();
		fflush(stdout);
		err = PyTraceBack_Print(tb, f);
		if (err == 0 &&
		    PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exception, PyExc_SyntaxError))
		{
			PyObject *message;
			char *filename, *text;
			int lineno, offset;
			if (!parse_syntax_error(v, &message, &filename,
						&lineno, &offset, &text))
				PyErr_Clear();
			else {
				char buf[10];
				PyFile_WriteString("  File \"", f);
				if (filename == NULL)
					PyFile_WriteString("<string>", f);
				else
					PyFile_WriteString(filename, f);
				PyFile_WriteString("\", line ", f);
				sprintf(buf, "%d", lineno);
				PyFile_WriteString(buf, f);
				PyFile_WriteString("\n", f);
				if (text != NULL) {
					char *nl;
					if (offset > 0 &&
					    offset == (int)strlen(text))
						offset--;
					for (;;) {
						nl = strchr(text, '\n');
						if (nl == NULL ||
						    nl-text >= offset)
							break;
						offset -= (nl+1-text);
						text = nl+1;
					}
					while (*text == ' ' || *text == '\t') {
						text++;
						offset--;
					}
					PyFile_WriteString("    ", f);
					PyFile_WriteString(text, f);
					if (*text == '\0' ||
					    text[strlen(text)-1] != '\n')
						PyFile_WriteString("\n", f);
					PyFile_WriteString("    ", f);
					offset--;
					while (offset > 0) {
						PyFile_WriteString(" ", f);
						offset--;
					}
					PyFile_WriteString("^\n", f);
				}
				Py_INCREF(message);
				Py_DECREF(v);
				v = message;
				/* Can't be bothered to check all those
				   PyFile_WriteString() calls */
				if (PyErr_Occurred())
					err = -1;
			}
		}
		if (err) {
			/* Don't do anything else */
		}
		else if (PyClass_Check(exception)) {
			PyClassObject* exc = (PyClassObject*)exception;
			PyObject* className = exc->cl_name;
			PyObject* moduleName =
			      PyDict_GetItemString(exc->cl_dict, "__module__");

			if (moduleName == NULL)
				err = PyFile_WriteString("<unknown>", f);
			else {
				char* modstr = PyString_AsString(moduleName);
				if (modstr && strcmp(modstr, "exceptions")) 
				{
					err = PyFile_WriteString(modstr, f);
					err += PyFile_WriteString(".", f);
				}
			}
			if (err == 0) {
				if (className == NULL)
				      err = PyFile_WriteString("<unknown>", f);
				else
				      err = PyFile_WriteObject(className, f,
							       Py_PRINT_RAW);
			}
		}
		else
			err = PyFile_WriteObject(exception, f, Py_PRINT_RAW);
		if (err == 0) {
			if (v != NULL && v != Py_None) {
				PyObject *s = PyObject_Str(v);
				/* only print colon if the str() of the
				   object is not the empty string
				*/
				if (s == NULL)
					err = -1;
				else if (!PyString_Check(s) ||
					 PyString_GET_SIZE(s) != 0)
					err = PyFile_WriteString(": ", f);
				if (err == 0)
				  err = PyFile_WriteObject(s, f, Py_PRINT_RAW);
				Py_XDECREF(s);
			}
		}
		if (err == 0)
			err = PyFile_WriteString("\n", f);
	}
	Py_XDECREF(exception);
	Py_XDECREF(v);
	Py_XDECREF(tb);
	/* If an error happened here, don't show it.
	   XXX This is wrong, but too many callers rely on this behavior. */
	if (err != 0)
		PyErr_Clear();
}

PyObject *
PyRun_String(str, start, globals, locals)
	char *str;
	int start;
	PyObject *globals, *locals;
{
	return run_err_node(PyParser_SimpleParseString(str, start),
			    "<string>", globals, locals);
}

PyObject *
PyRun_File(fp, filename, start, globals, locals)
	FILE *fp;
	char *filename;
	int start;
	PyObject *globals, *locals;
{
	return run_err_node(PyParser_SimpleParseFile(fp, filename, start),
			    filename, globals, locals);
}

static PyObject *
run_err_node(n, filename, globals, locals)
	node *n;
	char *filename;
	PyObject *globals, *locals;
{
	if (n == NULL)
		return  NULL;
	return run_node(n, filename, globals, locals);
}

static PyObject *
run_node(n, filename, globals, locals)
	node *n;
	char *filename;
	PyObject *globals, *locals;
{
	PyCodeObject *co;
	PyObject *v;
	co = PyNode_Compile(n, filename);
	PyNode_Free(n);
	if (co == NULL)
		return NULL;
	v = PyEval_EvalCode(co, globals, locals);
	Py_DECREF(co);
	return v;
}

static PyObject *
run_pyc_file(fp, filename, globals, locals)
	FILE *fp;
	char *filename;
	PyObject *globals, *locals;
{
	PyCodeObject *co;
	PyObject *v;
	long magic;
	long PyImport_GetMagicNumber();

	magic = PyMarshal_ReadLongFromFile(fp);
	if (magic != PyImport_GetMagicNumber()) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
			   "Bad magic number in .pyc file");
		return NULL;
	}
	(void) PyMarshal_ReadLongFromFile(fp);
	v = PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromFile(fp);
	fclose(fp);
	if (v == NULL || !PyCode_Check(v)) {
		Py_XDECREF(v);
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
			   "Bad code object in .pyc file");
		return NULL;
	}
	co = (PyCodeObject *)v;
	v = PyEval_EvalCode(co, globals, locals);
	Py_DECREF(co);
	return v;
}

PyObject *
Py_CompileString(str, filename, start)
	char *str;
	char *filename;
	int start;
{
	node *n;
	PyCodeObject *co;
	n = PyParser_SimpleParseString(str, start);
	if (n == NULL)
		return NULL;
	co = PyNode_Compile(n, filename);
	PyNode_Free(n);
	return (PyObject *)co;
}

/* Simplified interface to parsefile -- return node or set exception */

node *
PyParser_SimpleParseFile(fp, filename, start)
	FILE *fp;
	char *filename;
	int start;
{
	node *n;
	perrdetail err;
	Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
	n = PyParser_ParseFile(fp, filename, &_PyParser_Grammar, start,
				(char *)0, (char *)0, &err);
	Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
	if (n == NULL)
		err_input(&err);
	return n;
}

/* Simplified interface to parsestring -- return node or set exception */

node *
PyParser_SimpleParseString(str, start)
	char *str;
	int start;
{
	node *n;
	perrdetail err;
	n = PyParser_ParseString(str, &_PyParser_Grammar, start, &err);
	if (n == NULL)
		err_input(&err);
	return n;
}

/* Set the error appropriate to the given input error code (see errcode.h) */

static void
err_input(err)
	perrdetail *err;
{
	PyObject *v, *w;
	char *msg = NULL;
	v = Py_BuildValue("(ziiz)", err->filename,
			    err->lineno, err->offset, err->text);
	if (err->text != NULL) {
		free(err->text);
		err->text = NULL;
	}
	switch (err->error) {
	case E_SYNTAX:
		msg = "invalid syntax";
		break;
	case E_TOKEN:
		msg = "invalid token";

		break;
	case E_INTR:
		PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_KeyboardInterrupt);
		return;
	case E_NOMEM:
		PyErr_NoMemory();
		return;
	case E_EOF:
		msg = "unexpected EOF while parsing";
		break;
	case E_INDENT:
		msg = "inconsistent use of tabs and spaces in indentation";
		break;
	default:
		fprintf(stderr, "error=%d\n", err->error);
		msg = "unknown parsing error";
		break;
	}
	w = Py_BuildValue("(sO)", msg, v);
	Py_XDECREF(v);
	PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_SyntaxError, w);
	Py_XDECREF(w);
}

/* Print fatal error message and abort */

void
Py_FatalError(msg)
	char *msg;
{
	fprintf(stderr, "Fatal Python error: %s\n", msg);
#ifdef macintosh
	for (;;);
#endif
#ifdef MS_WIN32
	OutputDebugString("Fatal Python error: ");
	OutputDebugString(msg);
	OutputDebugString("\n");
#endif
	abort();
}

/* Clean up and exit */

#ifdef WITH_THREAD
#include "thread.h"
int _PyThread_Started = 0; /* Set by threadmodule.c and maybe others */
#endif

#define NEXITFUNCS 32
static void (*exitfuncs[NEXITFUNCS])();
static int nexitfuncs = 0;

int Py_AtExit(func)
	void (*func) Py_PROTO((void));
{
	if (nexitfuncs >= NEXITFUNCS)
		return -1;
	exitfuncs[nexitfuncs++] = func;
	return 0;
}

static void
call_sys_exitfunc()
{
	PyObject *exitfunc = PySys_GetObject("exitfunc");

	if (exitfunc) {
		PyObject *res, *f;
		Py_INCREF(exitfunc);
		PySys_SetObject("exitfunc", (PyObject *)NULL);
		f = PySys_GetObject("stderr");
		res = PyEval_CallObject(exitfunc, (PyObject *)NULL);
		if (res == NULL) {
			if (f)
			    PyFile_WriteString("Error in sys.exitfunc:\n", f);
			PyErr_Print();
		}
		Py_DECREF(exitfunc);
	}

	if (Py_FlushLine())
		PyErr_Clear();
}

static void
call_ll_exitfuncs()
{
	while (nexitfuncs > 0)
		(*exitfuncs[--nexitfuncs])();

	fflush(stdout);
	fflush(stderr);
}

#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
extern void dump_counts Py_PROTO((void));
#endif

void
Py_Exit(sts)
	int sts;
{
	Py_Finalize();

#ifdef macintosh
	PyMac_Exit(sts);
#else
	exit(sts);
#endif
}

static void
initsigs()
{
#ifdef HAVE_SIGNAL_H
#ifdef SIGPIPE
	signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
#endif
#endif /* HAVE_SIGNAL_H */
	PyOS_InitInterrupts(); /* May imply initsignal() */
}

#ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
/* Ask a yes/no question */

int
_Py_AskYesNo(prompt)
	char *prompt;
{
	char buf[256];
	
	printf("%s [ny] ", prompt);
	if (fgets(buf, sizeof buf, stdin) == NULL)
		return 0;
	return buf[0] == 'y' || buf[0] == 'Y';
}
#endif

#ifdef MPW

/* Check for file descriptor connected to interactive device.
   Pretend that stdin is always interactive, other files never. */

int
isatty(fd)
	int fd;
{
	return fd == fileno(stdin);
}

#endif

/*
 * The file descriptor fd is considered ``interactive'' if either
 *   a) isatty(fd) is TRUE, or
 *   b) the -i flag was given, and the filename associated with
 *      the descriptor is NULL or "<stdin>" or "???".
 */
int
Py_FdIsInteractive(fp, filename)
	FILE *fp;
	char *filename;
{
	if (isatty((int)fileno(fp)))
		return 1;
	if (!Py_InteractiveFlag)
		return 0;
	return (filename == NULL) ||
	       (strcmp(filename, "<stdin>") == 0) ||
	       (strcmp(filename, "???") == 0);
}