\section{\module{email.Parser} ---
         Parsing flat text email messages}

\declaremodule{standard}{email.Parser}
\modulesynopsis{Parse flat text email messages to produce a message
	        object tree.}
\sectionauthor{Barry A. Warsaw}{barry@zope.com}

\versionadded{2.2}

The \module{Parser} module provides a single class, the \class{Parser}
class, which is used to take a message in flat text form and create
the associated object model.  The resulting object tree can then be
manipulated using the \class{Message} class interface as described in
\refmodule{email.Message}, and turned over
to a generator (as described in \refmodule{emamil.Generator}) to
return the textual representation of the message.  It is intended that
the \class{Parser} to \class{Generator} path be idempotent if the
object model isn't modified in between.

\subsection{Parser class API}

\begin{classdesc}{Parser}{\optional{_class}}
The constructor for the \class{Parser} class takes a single optional
argument \var{_class}.  This must be callable factory (i.e. a function
or a class), and it is used whenever a sub-message object needs to be
created.  It defaults to \class{Message} (see
\refmodule{email.Message}).  \var{_class} will be called with zero
arguments.
\end{classdesc}

The other public \class{Parser} methods are:

\begin{methoddesc}[Parser]{parse}{fp}
Read all the data from the file-like object \var{fp}, parse the
resulting text, and return the root message object.  \var{fp} must
support both the \method{readline()} and the \method{read()} methods
on file-like objects.

The text contained in \var{fp} must be formatted as a block of \rfc{2822}
style headers and header continuation lines, optionally preceeded by a
\emph{Unix-From} header.  The header block is terminated either by the
end of the data or by a blank line.  Following the header block is the
body of the message (which may contain MIME-encoded subparts).
\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}[Parser]{parsestr}{text}
Similar to the \method{parse()} method, except it takes a string
object instead of a file-like object.  Calling this method on a string
is exactly equivalent to wrapping \var{text} in a \class{StringIO}
instance first and calling \method{parse()}.
\end{methoddesc}

Since creating a message object tree from a string or a file object is
such a common task, two functions are provided as a convenience.  They
are available in the top-level \module{email} package namespace.

\begin{funcdesc}{message_from_string}{s\optional{, _class}}
Return a message object tree from a string.  This is exactly
equivalent to \code{Parser().parsestr(s)}.  Optional \var{_class} is
interpreted as with the \class{Parser} class constructor.
\end{funcdesc}

\begin{funcdesc}{message_from_file}{fp\optional{, _class}}
Return a message object tree from an open file object.  This is exactly
equivalent to \code{Parser().parse(fp)}.  Optional \var{_class} is
interpreted as with the \class{Parser} class constructor.
\end{funcdesc}

Here's an example of how you might use this at an interactive Python
prompt:

\begin{verbatim}
>>> import email
>>> msg = email.message_from_string(myString)
\end{verbatim}

\subsection{Additional notes}

Here are some notes on the parsing semantics:

\begin{itemize}
\item Most non-\code{multipart} type messages are parsed as a single
      message object with a string payload.  These objects will return
      0 for \method{is_multipart()}.
\item One exception is for \code{message/delivery-status} type
      messages.  Because such the body of such messages consist of
      blocks of headers, \class{Parser} will create a non-multipart
      object containing non-multipart subobjects for each header
      block.
\item Another exception is for \code{message/*} types (i.e. more
      general than \code{message/delivery-status}.  These are
      typically \code{message/rfc822} type messages, represented as a
      non-multipart object containing a singleton payload, another
      non-multipart \class{Message} instance.
\end{itemize}