<html><head><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark"></head><body><pre style="word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;">\section{\module{dbm} ---
         Simple ``database'' interface}

\declaremodule{builtin}{dbm}
  \platform{Unix}
\modulesynopsis{The standard ``database'' interface, based on ndbm.}


The \module{dbm} module provides an interface to the \UNIX{}
(\code{n})\code{dbm} library.  Dbm objects behave like mappings
(dictionaries), except that keys and values are always strings.
Printing a dbm object doesn't print the keys and values, and the
\method{items()} and \method{values()} methods are not supported.

This module can be used with the ``classic'' ndbm interface, the BSD
DB compatibility interface, or the GNU GDBM compatibility interface.
On \UNIX, the \program{configure} script will attempt to locate the
appropriate header file to simplify building this module.

The module defines the following:

\begin{excdesc}{error}
Raised on dbm-specific errors, such as I/O errors.
\exception{KeyError} is raised for general mapping errors like
specifying an incorrect key.
\end{excdesc}

\begin{datadesc}{library}
Name of the \code{ndbm} implementation library used.
\end{datadesc}

\begin{funcdesc}{open}{filename\optional{, flag\optional{, mode}}}
Open a dbm database and return a dbm object.  The \var{filename}
argument is the name of the database file (without the \file{.dir} or
\file{.pag} extensions; note that the BSD DB implementation of the
interface will append the extension \file{.db} and only create one
file).

The optional \var{flag} argument must be one of these values:

\begin{tableii}{c|l}{code}{Value}{Meaning}
  \lineii{'r'}{Open existing database for reading only (default)}
  \lineii{'w'}{Open existing database for reading and writing}
  \lineii{'c'}{Open database for reading and writing, creating it if
               it doesn't exist}
  \lineii{'n'}{Always create a new, empty database, open for reading
               and writing}
\end{tableii}

The optional \var{mode} argument is the \UNIX{} mode of the file, used
only when the database has to be created.  It defaults to octal
\code{0666}.
\end{funcdesc}


\begin{seealso}
  \seemodule{anydbm}{Generic interface to \code{dbm}-style databases.}
  \seemodule{gdbm}{Similar interface to the GNU GDBM library.}
  \seemodule{whichdb}{Utility module used to determine the type of an
                      existing database.}
\end{seealso}
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