# Copyright 2007 Google, Inc. All Rights Reserved. # Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement. """Abstract Base Classes (ABCs) according to PEP 3119.""" from _weakrefset import WeakSet def abstractmethod(funcobj): """A decorator indicating abstract methods. Requires that the metaclass is ABCMeta or derived from it. A class that has a metaclass derived from ABCMeta cannot be instantiated unless all of its abstract methods are overridden. The abstract methods can be called using any of the the normal 'super' call mechanisms. Usage: class C(metaclass=ABCMeta): @abstractmethod def my_abstract_method(self, ...): ... """ funcobj.__isabstractmethod__ = True return funcobj class abstractproperty(property): """A decorator indicating abstract properties. Requires that the metaclass is ABCMeta or derived from it. A class that has a metaclass derived from ABCMeta cannot be instantiated unless all of its abstract properties are overridden. The abstract properties can be called using any of the the normal 'super' call mechanisms. Usage: class C(metaclass=ABCMeta): @abstractproperty def my_abstract_property(self): ... This defines a read-only property; you can also define a read-write abstract property using the 'long' form of property declaration: class C(metaclass=ABCMeta): def getx(self): ... def setx(self, value): ... x = abstractproperty(getx, setx) """ __isabstractmethod__ = True class _Abstract(object): """Helper class inserted into the bases by ABCMeta (using _fix_bases()). You should never need to explicitly subclass this class. """ def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds): am = cls.__dict__.get("__abstractmethods__") if am: raise TypeError("Can't instantiate abstract class %s " "with abstract methods %s" % (cls.__name__, ", ".join(sorted(am)))) if (args or kwds) and cls.__init__ is object.__init__: raise TypeError("Can't pass arguments to __new__ " "without overriding __init__") return super().__new__(cls) @classmethod def __subclasshook__(cls, subclass): """Abstract classes can override this to customize issubclass(). This is invoked early on by __subclasscheck__() below. It should return True, False or NotImplemented. If it returns NotImplemented, the normal algorithm is used. Otherwise, it overrides the normal algorithm (and the outcome is cached). """ return NotImplemented def _fix_bases(bases): """Helper method that inserts _Abstract in the bases if needed.""" for base in bases: if issubclass(base, _Abstract): # _Abstract is already a base (maybe indirectly) return bases if object in bases: # Replace object with _Abstract return tuple([_Abstract if base is object else base for base in bases]) # Append _Abstract to the end return bases + (_Abstract,) class ABCMeta(type): """Metaclass for defining Abstract Base Classes (ABCs). Use this metaclass to create an ABC. An ABC can be subclassed directly, and then acts as a mix-in class. You can also register unrelated concrete classes (even built-in classes) and unrelated ABCs as 'virtual subclasses' -- these and their descendants will be considered subclasses of the registering ABC by the built-in issubclass() function, but the registering ABC won't show up in their MRO (Method Resolution Order) nor will method implementations defined by the registering ABC be callable (not even via super()). """ # A global counter that is incremented each time a class is # registered as a virtual subclass of anything. It forces the # negative cache to be cleared before its next use. _abc_invalidation_counter = 0 def __new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace): bases = _fix_bases(bases) cls = super().__new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace) # Compute set of abstract method names abstracts = {name for name, value in namespace.items() if getattr(value, "__isabstractmethod__", False)} for base in bases: for name in getattr(base, "__abstractmethods__", set()): value = getattr(cls, name, None) if getattr(value, "__isabstractmethod__", False): abstracts.add(name) cls.__abstractmethods__ = abstracts # Set up inheritance registry cls._abc_registry = WeakSet() cls._abc_cache = WeakSet() cls._abc_negative_cache = WeakSet() cls._abc_negative_cache_version = ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter return cls def register(cls, subclass): """Register a virtual subclass of an ABC.""" if not isinstance(cls, type): raise TypeError("Can only register classes") if issubclass(subclass, cls): return # Already a subclass # Subtle: test for cycles *after* testing for "already a subclass"; # this means we allow X.register(X) and interpret it as a no-op. if issubclass(cls, subclass): # This would create a cycle, which is bad for the algorithm below raise RuntimeError("Refusing to create an inheritance cycle") cls._abc_registry.add(subclass) ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter += 1 # Invalidate negative cache def _dump_registry(cls, file=None): """Debug helper to print the ABC registry.""" print("Class: %s.%s" % (cls.__module__, cls.__name__), file=file) print("Inv.counter: %s" % ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter, file=file) for name in sorted(cls.__dict__.keys()): if name.startswith("_abc_"): value = getattr(cls, name) print("%s: %r" % (name, value), file=file) def __instancecheck__(cls, instance): """Override for isinstance(instance, cls).""" # Inline the cache checking subclass = instance.__class__ if subclass in cls._abc_cache: return True subtype = type(instance) if subtype is subclass: if (cls._abc_negative_cache_version == ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter and subclass in cls._abc_negative_cache): return False # Fall back to the subclass check. return cls.__subclasscheck__(subclass) return any(cls.__subclasscheck__(c) for c in {subclass, subtype}) def __subclasscheck__(cls, subclass): """Override for issubclass(subclass, cls).""" # Check cache if subclass in cls._abc_cache: return True # Check negative cache; may have to invalidate if cls._abc_negative_cache_version < ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter: # Invalidate the negative cache cls._abc_negative_cache = WeakSet() cls._abc_negative_cache_version = ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter elif subclass in cls._abc_negative_cache: return False # Check the subclass hook ok = cls.__subclasshook__(subclass) if ok is not NotImplemented: assert isinstance(ok, bool) if ok: cls._abc_cache.add(subclass) else: cls._abc_negative_cache.add(subclass) return ok # Check if it's a direct subclass if cls in getattr(subclass, '__mro__', ()): cls._abc_cache.add(subclass) return True # Check if it's a subclass of a registered class (recursive) for rcls in cls._abc_registry: if issubclass(subclass, rcls): cls._abc_registry.add(subclass) return True # Check if it's a subclass of a subclass (recursive) for scls in cls.__subclasses__(): if issubclass(subclass, scls): cls._abc_registry.add(subclass) return True # No dice; update negative cache cls._abc_negative_cache.add(subclass) return False