"""Internationalization and localization support. This module provides internationalization (I18N) and localization (L10N) support for your Python programs by providing an interface to the GNU gettext message catalog library. I18N refers to the operation by which a program is made aware of multiple languages. L10N refers to the adaptation of your program, once internationalized, to the local language and cultural habits. """ # This module represents the integration of work, contributions, feedback, and # suggestions from the following people: # # Martin von Loewis, who wrote the initial implementation of the underlying # C-based libintlmodule (later renamed _gettext), along with a skeletal # gettext.py implementation. # # Peter Funk, who wrote fintl.py, a fairly complete wrapper around intlmodule, # which also included a pure-Python implementation to read .mo files if # intlmodule wasn't available. # # James Henstridge, who also wrote a gettext.py module, which has some # interesting, but currently unsupported experimental features: the notion of # a Catalog class and instances, and the ability to add to a catalog file via # a Python API. # # Barry Warsaw integrated these modules, wrote the .install() API and code, # and conformed all C and Python code to Python's coding standards. # # Francois Pinard and Marc-Andre Lemburg also contributed valuably to this # module. # # TODO: # - Lazy loading of .mo files. Currently the entire catalog is loaded into # memory, but that's probably bad for large translated programs. Instead, # the lexical sort of original strings in GNU .mo files should be exploited # to do binary searches and lazy initializations. Or you might want to use # the undocumented double-hash algorithm for .mo files with hash tables, but # you'll need to study the GNU gettext code to do this. # # - Support Solaris .mo file formats. Unfortunately, we've been unable to # find this format documented anywhere. import os import sys import struct from errno import ENOENT _default_localedir = os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'share', 'locale') def _expand_lang(locale): from locale import normalize locale = normalize(locale) COMPONENT_CODESET = 1 << 0 COMPONENT_TERRITORY = 1 << 1 COMPONENT_MODIFIER = 1 << 2 # split up the locale into its base components mask = 0 pos = locale.find('@') if pos >= 0: modifier = locale[pos:] locale = locale[:pos] mask |= COMPONENT_MODIFIER else: modifier = '' pos = locale.find('.') if pos >= 0: codeset = locale[pos:] locale = locale[:pos] mask |= COMPONENT_CODESET else: codeset = '' pos = locale.find('_') if pos >= 0: territory = locale[pos:] locale = locale[:pos] mask |= COMPONENT_TERRITORY else: territory = '' language = locale ret = [] for i in range(mask+1): if not (i & ~mask): # if all components for this combo exist ... val = language if i & COMPONENT_TERRITORY: val += territory if i & COMPONENT_CODESET: val += codeset if i & COMPONENT_MODIFIER: val += modifier ret.append(val) ret.reverse() return ret class NullTranslations: def __init__(self, fp=None): self._info = {} self._charset = None if fp: self._parse(fp) def _parse(self, fp): pass def gettext(self, message): return message def ugettext(self, message): return unicode(message) def info(self): return self._info def charset(self): return self._charset def install(self, unicode=0): import __builtin__ __builtin__.__dict__['_'] = unicode and self.ugettext or self.gettext class GNUTranslations(NullTranslations): # Magic number of .mo files LE_MAGIC = 0x950412de BE_MAGIC = 0xde120495 def _parse(self, fp): """Override this method to support alternative .mo formats.""" # We need to & all 32 bit unsigned integers with 0xffffff for # portability to 64 bit machines. MASK = 0xffffffff unpack = struct.unpack filename = getattr(fp, 'name', '') # Parse the .mo file header, which consists of 5 little endian 32 # bit words. self._catalog = catalog = {} buf = fp.read() buflen = len(buf) # Are we big endian or little endian? magic = unpack('4i', buf[4:20]) ii = '>ii' else: raise IOError(0, 'Bad magic number', filename) # more unsigned ints msgcount &= MASK masteridx &= MASK transidx &= MASK # Now put all messages from the .mo file buffer into the catalog # dictionary. for i in xrange(0, msgcount): mlen, moff = unpack(ii, buf[masteridx:masteridx+8]) moff &= MASK mend = moff + (mlen & MASK) tlen, toff = unpack(ii, buf[transidx:transidx+8]) toff &= MASK tend = toff + (tlen & MASK) if mend < buflen and tend < buflen: tmsg = buf[toff:tend] catalog[buf[moff:mend]] = tmsg else: raise IOError(0, 'File is corrupt', filename) # See if we're looking at GNU .mo conventions for metadata if mlen == 0 and tmsg.lower().startswith('project-id-version:'): # Catalog description for item in tmsg.split('\n'): item = item.strip() if not item: continue k, v = item.split(':', 1) k = k.strip().lower() v = v.strip() self._info[k] = v if k == 'content-type': self._charset = v.split('charset=')[1] # advance to next entry in the seek tables masteridx += 8 transidx += 8 def gettext(self, message): return self._catalog.get(message, message) def ugettext(self, message): tmsg = self._catalog.get(message, message) return unicode(tmsg, self._charset) # Locate a .mo file using the gettext strategy def find(domain, localedir=None, languages=None): # Get some reasonable defaults for arguments that were not supplied if localedir is None: localedir = _default_localedir if languages is None: languages = [] for envar in ('LANGUAGE', 'LC_ALL', 'LC_MESSAGES', 'LANG'): val = os.environ.get(envar) if val: languages = val.split(':') break if 'C' not in languages: languages.append('C') # now normalize and expand the languages langdict = {} for lang in languages: for nelang in _expand_lang(lang): langdict[nelang] = nelang languages = langdict.keys() # select a language for lang in languages: if lang == 'C': break mofile = os.path.join(localedir, lang, 'LC_MESSAGES', '%s.mo' % domain) if os.path.exists(mofile): return mofile return None # a mapping between absolute .mo file path and Translation object _translations = {} def translation(domain, localedir=None, languages=None, class_=None): if class_ is None: class_ = GNUTranslations mofile = find(domain, localedir, languages) if mofile is None: raise IOError(ENOENT, 'No translation file found for domain', domain) key = os.path.abspath(mofile) # TBD: do we need to worry about the file pointer getting collected? t = _translations.setdefault(key, class_(open(mofile, 'rb'))) return t def install(domain, localedir=None, unicode=0): translation(domain, localedir).install(unicode) # a mapping b/w domains and locale directories _localedirs = {} # current global domain, `messages' used for compatibility w/ GNU gettext _current_domain = 'messages' def textdomain(domain=None): global _current_domain if domain is not None: _current_domain = domain return _current_domain def bindtextdomain(domain, localedir=None): global _localedirs if localedir is not None: _localedirs[domain] = localedir return _localedirs.get(domain, _default_localedir) def dgettext(domain, message): try: t = translation(domain, _localedirs.get(domain, None)) except IOError: return message return t.gettext(message) def gettext(message): return dgettext(_current_domain, message) # dcgettext() has been deemed unnecessary and is not implemented. # James Henstridge's Catalog constructor from GNOME gettext. Documented usage # was: # # import gettext # cat = gettext.Catalog(PACKAGE, localedir=LOCALEDIR) # _ = cat.gettext # print _('Hello World') # The resulting catalog object currently don't support access through a # dictionary API, which was supported (but apparently unused) in GNOME # gettext. Catalog = translation