import unittest from test import support import collections, random, string import collections.abc import gc, weakref import pickle class DictTest(unittest.TestCase): def test_invalid_keyword_arguments(self): class Custom(dict): pass for invalid in {1 : 2}, Custom({1 : 2}): with self.assertRaises(TypeError): dict(**invalid) with self.assertRaises(TypeError): {}.update(**invalid) def test_constructor(self): # calling built-in types without argument must return empty self.assertEqual(dict(), {}) self.assertIsNot(dict(), {}) def test_literal_constructor(self): # check literal constructor for different sized dicts # (to exercise the BUILD_MAP oparg). for n in (0, 1, 6, 256, 400): items = [(''.join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters, 8)), i) for i in range(n)] random.shuffle(items) formatted_items = ('{!r}: {:d}'.format(k, v) for k, v in items) dictliteral = '{' + ', '.join(formatted_items) + '}' self.assertEqual(eval(dictliteral), dict(items)) def test_bool(self): self.assertIs(not {}, True) self.assertTrue({1: 2}) self.assertIs(bool({}), False) self.assertIs(bool({1: 2}), True) def test_keys(self): d = {} self.assertEqual(set(d.keys()), set()) d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2} k = d.keys() self.assertIn('a', d) self.assertIn('b', d) self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.keys, None) self.assertEqual(repr(dict(a=1).keys()), "dict_keys(['a'])") def test_values(self): d = {} self.assertEqual(set(d.values()), set()) d = {1:2} self.assertEqual(set(d.values()), {2}) self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.values, None) self.assertEqual(repr(dict(a=1).values()), "dict_values([1])") def test_items(self): d = {} self.assertEqual(set(d.items()), set()) d = {1:2} self.assertEqual(set(d.items()), {(1, 2)}) self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.items, None) self.assertEqual(repr(dict(a=1).items()), "dict_items([('a', 1)])") def test_contains(self): d = {} self.assertNotIn('a', d) self.assertFalse('a' in d) self.assertTrue('a' not in d) d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2} self.assertIn('a', d) self.assertIn('b', d) self.assertNotIn('c', d) self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.__contains__) def test_len(self): d = {} self.assertEqual(len(d), 0) d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2} self.assertEqual(len(d), 2) def test_getitem(self): d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2} self.assertEqual(d['a'], 1) self.assertEqual(d['b'], 2) d['c'] = 3 d['a'] = 4 self.assertEqual(d['c'], 3) self.assertEqual(d['a'], 4) del d['b'] self.assertEqual(d, {'a': 4, 'c': 3}) self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.__getitem__) class BadEq(object): def __eq__(self, other): raise Exc() def __hash__(self): return 24 d = {} d[BadEq()] = 42 self.assertRaises(KeyError, d.__getitem__, 23) class Exc(Exception): pass class BadHash(object): fail = False def __hash__(self): if self.fail: raise Exc() else: return 42 x = BadHash() d[x] = 42 x.fail = True self.assertRaises(Exc, d.__getitem__, x) def test_clear(self): d = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3} d.clear() self.assertEqual(d, {}) self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.clear, None) def test_update(self): d = {} d.update({1:100}) d.update({2:20}) d.update({1:1, 2:2, 3:3}) self.assertEqual(d, {1:1, 2:2, 3:3}) d.update() self.assertEqual(d, {1:1, 2:2, 3:3}) self.assertRaises((TypeError, AttributeError), d.update, None) class SimpleUserDict: def __init__(self): self.d = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3} def keys(self): return self.d.keys() def __getitem__(self, i): return self.d[i] d.clear() d.update(SimpleUserDict()) self.assertEqual(d, {1:1, 2:2, 3:3}) class Exc(Exception): pass d.clear() class FailingUserDict: def keys(self): raise Exc self.assertRaises(Exc, d.update, FailingUserDict()) class FailingUserDict: def keys(self): class BogonIter: def __init__(self): self.i = 1 def __iter__(self): return self def __next__(self): if self.i: self.i = 0 return 'a' raise Exc return BogonIter() def __getitem__(self, key): return key self.assertRaises(Exc, d.update, FailingUserDict()) class FailingUserDict: def keys(self): class BogonIter: def __init__(self): self.i = ord('a') def __iter__(self): return self def __next__(self): if self.i <= ord('z'): rtn = chr(self.i) self.i += 1 return rtn raise StopIteration return BogonIter() def __getitem__(self, key): raise Exc self.assertRaises(Exc, d.update, FailingUserDict()) class badseq(object): def __iter__(self): return self def __next__(self): raise Exc() self.assertRaises(Exc, {}.update, badseq()) self.assertRaises(ValueError, {}.update, [(1, 2, 3)]) def test_fromkeys(self): self.assertEqual(dict.fromkeys('abc'), {'a':None, 'b':None, 'c':None}) d = {} self.assertIsNot(d.fromkeys('abc'), d) self.assertEqual(d.fromkeys('abc'), {'a':None, 'b':None, 'c':None}) self.assertEqual(d.fromkeys((4,5),0), {4:0, 5:0}) self.assertEqual(d.fromkeys([]), {}) def g(): yield 1 self.assertEqual(d.fromkeys(g()), {1:None}) self.assertRaises(TypeError, {}.fromkeys, 3) class dictlike(dict): pass self.assertEqual(dictlike.fromkeys('a'), {'a':None}) self.assertEqual(dictlike().fromkeys('a'), {'a':None}) self.assertIsInstance(dictlike.fromkeys('a'), dictlike) self.assertIsInstance(dictlike().fromkeys('a'), dictlike) class mydict(dict): def __new__(cls): return collections.UserDict() ud = mydict.fromkeys('ab') self.assertEqual(ud, {'a':None, 'b':None}) self.assertIsInstance(ud, collections.UserDict) self.assertRaises(TypeError, dict.fromkeys) class Exc(Exception): pass class baddict1(dict): def __init__(self): raise Exc() self.assertRaises(Exc, baddict1.fromkeys, [1]) class BadSeq(object): def __iter__(self): return self def __next__(self): raise Exc() self.assertRaises(Exc, dict.fromkeys, BadSeq()) class baddict2(dict): def __setitem__(self, key, value): raise Exc() self.assertRaises(Exc, baddict2.fromkeys, [1]) # test fast path for dictionary inputs d = dict(zip(range(6), range(6))) self.assertEqual(dict.fromkeys(d, 0), dict(zip(range(6), [0]*6))) def test_copy(self): d = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3} self.assertEqual(d.copy(), {1:1, 2:2, 3:3}) self.assertEqual({}.copy(), {}) self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.copy, None) def test_get(self): d = {} self.assertIs(d.get('c'), None) self.assertEqual(d.get('c', 3), 3) d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2} self.assertIs(d.get('c'), None) self.assertEqual(d.get('c', 3), 3) self.assertEqual(d.get('a'), 1) self.assertEqual(d.get('a', 3), 1) self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.get) self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.get, None, None, None) def test_setdefault(self): # dict.setdefault() d = {} self.assertIs(d.setdefault('key0'), None) d.setdefault('key0', []) self.assertIs(d.setdefault('key0'), None) d.setdefault('key', []).append(3) self.assertEqual(d['key'][0], 3) d.setdefault('key', []).append(4) self.assertEqual(len(d['key']), 2) self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.setdefault) class Exc(Exception): pass class BadHash(object): fail = False def __hash__(self): if self.fail: raise Exc() else: return 42 x = BadHash() d[x] = 42 x.fail = True self.assertRaises(Exc, d.setdefault, x, []) def test_setdefault_atomic(self): # Issue #13521: setdefault() calls __hash__ and __eq__ only once. class Hashed(object): def __init__(self): self.hash_count = 0 self.eq_count = 0 def __hash__(self): self.hash_count += 1 return 42 def __eq__(self, other): self.eq_count += 1 return id(self) == id(other) hashed1 = Hashed() y = {hashed1: 5} hashed2 = Hashed() y.setdefault(hashed2, []) self.assertEqual(hashed1.hash_count, 1) self.assertEqual(hashed2.hash_count, 1) self.assertEqual(hashed1.eq_count + hashed2.eq_count, 1) def test_setitem_atomic_at_resize(self): class Hashed(object): def __init__(self): self.hash_count = 0 self.eq_count = 0 def __hash__(self): self.hash_count += 1 return 42 def __eq__(self, other): self.eq_count += 1 return id(self) == id(other) hashed1 = Hashed() # 5 items y = {hashed1: 5, 0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3} hashed2 = Hashed() # 6th item forces a resize y[hashed2] = [] self.assertEqual(hashed1.hash_count, 1) self.assertEqual(hashed2.hash_count, 1) self.assertEqual(hashed1.eq_count + hashed2.eq_count, 1) def test_popitem(self): # dict.popitem() for copymode in -1, +1: # -1: b has same structure as a # +1: b is a.copy() for log2size in range(12): size = 2**log2size a = {} b = {} for i in range(size): a[repr(i)] = i if copymode < 0: b[repr(i)] = i if copymode > 0: b = a.copy() for i in range(size): ka, va = ta = a.popitem() self.assertEqual(va, int(ka)) kb, vb = tb = b.popitem() self.assertEqual(vb, int(kb)) self.assertFalse(copymode < 0 and ta != tb) self.assertFalse(a) self.assertFalse(b) d = {} self.assertRaises(KeyError, d.popitem) def test_pop(self): # Tests for pop with specified key d = {} k, v = 'abc', 'def' d[k] = v self.assertRaises(KeyError, d.pop, 'ghi') self.assertEqual(d.pop(k), v) self.assertEqual(len(d), 0) self.assertRaises(KeyError, d.pop, k) self.assertEqual(d.pop(k, v), v) d[k] = v self.assertEqual(d.pop(k, 1), v) self.assertRaises(TypeError, d.pop) class Exc(Exception): pass class BadHash(object): fail = False def __hash__(self): if self.fail: raise Exc() else: return 42 x = BadHash() d[x] = 42 x.fail = True self.assertRaises(Exc, d.pop, x) def test_mutating_iteration(self): # changing dict size during iteration d = {} d[1] = 1 with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError): for i in d: d[i+1] = 1 def test_mutating_lookup(self): # changing dict during a lookup class NastyKey: mutate_dict = None def __init__(self, value): self.value = value def __hash__(self): # hash collision! return 1 def __eq__(self, other): if NastyKey.mutate_dict: mydict, key = NastyKey.mutate_dict NastyKey.mutate_dict = None del mydict[key] return self.value == other.value key1 = NastyKey(1) key2 = NastyKey(2) d = {key1: 1} NastyKey.mutate_dict = (d, key1) with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'dictionary changed size during lookup'): d[key2] = 2 def test_repr(self): d = {} self.assertEqual(repr(d), '{}') d[1] = 2 self.assertEqual(repr(d), '{1: 2}') d = {} d[1] = d self.assertEqual(repr(d), '{1: {...}}') class Exc(Exception): pass class BadRepr(object): def __repr__(self): raise Exc() d = {1: BadRepr()} self.assertRaises(Exc, repr, d) def test_eq(self): self.assertEqual({}, {}) self.assertEqual({1: 2}, {1: 2}) class Exc(Exception): pass class BadCmp(object): def __eq__(self, other): raise Exc() def __hash__(self): return 1 d1 = {BadCmp(): 1} d2 = {1: 1} with self.assertRaises(Exc): d1 == d2 def test_keys_contained(self): self.helper_keys_contained(lambda x: x.keys()) self.helper_keys_contained(lambda x: x.items()) def helper_keys_contained(self, fn): # Test rich comparisons against dict key views, which should behave the # same as sets. empty = fn(dict()) empty2 = fn(dict()) smaller = fn({1:1, 2:2}) larger = fn({1:1, 2:2, 3:3}) larger2 = fn({1:1, 2:2, 3:3}) larger3 = fn({4:1, 2:2, 3:3}) self.assertTrue(smaller < larger) self.assertTrue(smaller <= larger) self.assertTrue(larger > smaller) self.assertTrue(larger >= smaller) self.assertFalse(smaller >= larger) self.assertFalse(smaller > larger) self.assertFalse(larger <= smaller) self.assertFalse(larger < smaller) self.assertFalse(smaller < larger3) self.assertFalse(smaller <= larger3) self.assertFalse(larger3 > smaller) self.assertFalse(larger3 >= smaller) # Inequality strictness self.assertTrue(larger2 >= larger) self.assertTrue(larger2 <= larger) self.assertFalse(larger2 > larger) self.assertFalse(larger2 < larger) self.assertTrue(larger == larger2) self.assertTrue(smaller != larger) # There is an optimization on the zero-element case. self.assertTrue(empty == empty2) self.assertFalse(empty != empty2) self.assertFalse(empty == smaller) self.assertTrue(empty != smaller) # With the same size, an elementwise compare happens self.assertTrue(larger != larger3) self.assertFalse(larger == larger3) def test_errors_in_view_containment_check(self): class C: def __eq__(self, other): raise RuntimeError d1 = {1: C()} d2 = {1: C()} with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError): d1.items() == d2.items() with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError): d1.items() != d2.items() with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError): d1.items() <= d2.items() with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError): d1.items() >= d2.items() d3 = {1: C(), 2: C()} with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError): d2.items() < d3.items() with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError): d3.items() > d2.items() def test_dictview_set_operations_on_keys(self): k1 = {1:1, 2:2}.keys() k2 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3}.keys() k3 = {4:4}.keys() self.assertEqual(k1 - k2, set()) self.assertEqual(k1 - k3, {1,2}) self.assertEqual(k2 - k1, {3}) self.assertEqual(k3 - k1, {4}) self.assertEqual(k1 & k2, {1,2}) self.assertEqual(k1 & k3, set()) self.assertEqual(k1 | k2, {1,2,3}) self.assertEqual(k1 ^ k2, {3}) self.assertEqual(k1 ^ k3, {1,2,4}) def test_dictview_set_operations_on_items(self): k1 = {1:1, 2:2}.items() k2 = {1:1, 2:2, 3:3}.items() k3 = {4:4}.items() self.assertEqual(k1 - k2, set()) self.assertEqual(k1 - k3, {(1,1), (2,2)}) self.assertEqual(k2 - k1, {(3,3)}) self.assertEqual(k3 - k1, {(4,4)}) self.assertEqual(k1 & k2, {(1,1), (2,2)}) self.assertEqual(k1 & k3, set()) self.assertEqual(k1 | k2, {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3)}) self.assertEqual(k1 ^ k2, {(3,3)}) self.assertEqual(k1 ^ k3, {(1,1), (2,2), (4,4)}) def test_dictview_mixed_set_operations(self): # Just a few for .keys() self.assertTrue({1:1}.keys() == {1}) self.assertTrue({1} == {1:1}.keys()) self.assertEqual({1:1}.keys() | {2}, {1, 2}) self.assertEqual({2} | {1:1}.keys(), {1, 2}) # And a few for .items() self.assertTrue({1:1}.items() == {(1,1)}) self.assertTrue({(1,1)} == {1:1}.items()) self.assertEqual({1:1}.items() | {2}, {(1,1), 2}) self.assertEqual({2} | {1:1}.items(), {(1,1), 2}) def test_missing(self): # Make sure dict doesn't have a __missing__ method self.assertFalse(hasattr(dict, "__missing__")) self.assertFalse(hasattr({}, "__missing__")) # Test several cases: # (D) subclass defines __missing__ method returning a value # (E) subclass defines __missing__ method raising RuntimeError # (F) subclass sets __missing__ instance variable (no effect) # (G) subclass doesn't define __missing__ at a all class D(dict): def __missing__(self, key): return 42 d = D({1: 2, 3: 4}) self.assertEqual(d[1], 2) self.assertEqual(d[3], 4) self.assertNotIn(2, d) self.assertNotIn(2, d.keys()) self.assertEqual(d[2], 42) class E(dict): def __missing__(self, key): raise RuntimeError(key) e = E() with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError) as c: e[42] self.assertEqual(c.exception.args, (42,)) class F(dict): def __init__(self): # An instance variable __missing__ should have no effect self.__missing__ = lambda key: None f = F() with self.assertRaises(KeyError) as c: f[42] self.assertEqual(c.exception.args, (42,)) class G(dict): pass g = G() with self.assertRaises(KeyError) as c: g[42] self.assertEqual(c.exception.args, (42,)) def test_tuple_keyerror(self): # SF #1576657 d = {} with self.assertRaises(KeyError) as c: d[(1,)] self.assertEqual(c.exception.args, ((1,),)) def test_bad_key(self): # Dictionary lookups should fail if __eq__() raises an exception. class CustomException(Exception): pass class BadDictKey: def __hash__(self): return hash(self.__class__) def __eq__(self, other): if isinstance(other, self.__class__): raise CustomException return other d = {} x1 = BadDictKey() x2 = BadDictKey() d[x1] = 1 for stmt in ['d[x2] = 2', 'z = d[x2]', 'x2 in d', 'd.get(x2)', 'd.setdefault(x2, 42)', 'd.pop(x2)', 'd.update({x2: 2})']: with self.assertRaises(CustomException): exec(stmt, locals()) def test_resize1(self): # Dict resizing bug, found by Jack Jansen in 2.2 CVS development. # This version got an assert failure in debug build, infinite loop in # release build. Unfortunately, provoking this kind of stuff requires # a mix of inserts and deletes hitting exactly the right hash codes in # exactly the right order, and I can't think of a randomized approach # that would be *likely* to hit a failing case in reasonable time. d = {} for i in range(5): d[i] = i for i in range(5): del d[i] for i in range(5, 9): # i==8 was the problem d[i] = i def test_resize2(self): # Another dict resizing bug (SF bug #1456209). # This caused Segmentation faults or Illegal instructions. class X(object): def __hash__(self): return 5 def __eq__(self, other): if resizing: d.clear() return False d = {} resizing = False d[X()] = 1 d[X()] = 2 d[X()] = 3 d[X()] = 4 d[X()] = 5 # now trigger a resize resizing = True d[9] = 6 def test_empty_presized_dict_in_freelist(self): # Bug #3537: if an empty but presized dict with a size larger # than 7 was in the freelist, it triggered an assertion failure with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError): d = {'a': 1 // 0, 'b': None, 'c': None, 'd': None, 'e': None, 'f': None, 'g': None, 'h': None} d = {} def test_container_iterator(self): # Bug #3680: tp_traverse was not implemented for dictiter and # dictview objects. class C(object): pass views = (dict.items, dict.values, dict.keys) for v in views: obj = C() ref = weakref.ref(obj) container = {obj: 1} obj.v = v(container) obj.x = iter(obj.v) del obj, container gc.collect() self.assertIs(ref(), None, "Cycle was not collected") def _not_tracked(self, t): # Nested containers can take several collections to untrack gc.collect() gc.collect() self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(t), t) def _tracked(self, t): self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(t), t) gc.collect() gc.collect() self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(t), t) @support.cpython_only def test_track_literals(self): # Test GC-optimization of dict literals x, y, z, w = 1.5, "a", (1, None), [] self._not_tracked({}) self._not_tracked({x:(), y:x, z:1}) self._not_tracked({1: "a", "b": 2}) self._not_tracked({1: 2, (None, True, False, ()): int}) self._not_tracked({1: object()}) # Dicts with mutable elements are always tracked, even if those # elements are not tracked right now. self._tracked({1: []}) self._tracked({1: ([],)}) self._tracked({1: {}}) self._tracked({1: set()}) @support.cpython_only def test_track_dynamic(self): # Test GC-optimization of dynamically-created dicts class MyObject(object): pass x, y, z, w, o = 1.5, "a", (1, object()), [], MyObject() d = dict() self._not_tracked(d) d[1] = "a" self._not_tracked(d) d[y] = 2 self._not_tracked(d) d[z] = 3 self._not_tracked(d) self._not_tracked(d.copy()) d[4] = w self._tracked(d) self._tracked(d.copy()) d[4] = None self._not_tracked(d) self._not_tracked(d.copy()) # dd isn't tracked right now, but it may mutate and therefore d # which contains it must be tracked. d = dict() dd = dict() d[1] = dd self._not_tracked(dd) self._tracked(d) dd[1] = d self._tracked(dd) d = dict.fromkeys([x, y, z]) self._not_tracked(d) dd = dict() dd.update(d) self._not_tracked(dd) d = dict.fromkeys([x, y, z, o]) self._tracked(d) dd = dict() dd.update(d) self._tracked(dd) d = dict(x=x, y=y, z=z) self._not_tracked(d) d = dict(x=x, y=y, z=z, w=w) self._tracked(d) d = dict() d.update(x=x, y=y, z=z) self._not_tracked(d) d.update(w=w) self._tracked(d) d = dict([(x, y), (z, 1)]) self._not_tracked(d) d = dict([(x, y), (z, w)]) self._tracked(d) d = dict() d.update([(x, y), (z, 1)]) self._not_tracked(d) d.update([(x, y), (z, w)]) self._tracked(d) @support.cpython_only def test_track_subtypes(self): # Dict subtypes are always tracked class MyDict(dict): pass self._tracked(MyDict()) def test_iterator_pickling(self): data = {1:"a", 2:"b", 3:"c"} it = iter(data) d = pickle.dumps(it) it = pickle.loads(d) self.assertEqual(sorted(it), sorted(data)) it = pickle.loads(d) try: drop = next(it) except StopIteration: return d = pickle.dumps(it) it = pickle.loads(d) del data[drop] self.assertEqual(sorted(it), sorted(data)) def test_itemiterator_pickling(self): data = {1:"a", 2:"b", 3:"c"} # dictviews aren't picklable, only their iterators itorg = iter(data.items()) d = pickle.dumps(itorg) it = pickle.loads(d) # note that the type of type of the unpickled iterator # is not necessarily the same as the original. It is # merely an object supporting the iterator protocol, yielding # the same objects as the original one. # self.assertEqual(type(itorg), type(it)) self.assertTrue(isinstance(it, collections.abc.Iterator)) self.assertEqual(dict(it), data) it = pickle.loads(d) drop = next(it) d = pickle.dumps(it) it = pickle.loads(d) del data[drop[0]] self.assertEqual(dict(it), data) def test_valuesiterator_pickling(self): data = {1:"a", 2:"b", 3:"c"} # data.values() isn't picklable, only its iterator it = iter(data.values()) d = pickle.dumps(it) it = pickle.loads(d) self.assertEqual(sorted(list(it)), sorted(list(data.values()))) it = pickle.loads(d) drop = next(it) d = pickle.dumps(it) it = pickle.loads(d) values = list(it) + [drop] self.assertEqual(sorted(values), sorted(list(data.values()))) def test_instance_dict_getattr_str_subclass(self): class Foo: def __init__(self, msg): self.msg = msg f = Foo('123') class _str(str): pass self.assertEqual(f.msg, getattr(f, _str('msg'))) self.assertEqual(f.msg, f.__dict__[_str('msg')]) def test_object_set_item_single_instance_non_str_key(self): class Foo: pass f = Foo() f.__dict__[1] = 1 f.a = 'a' self.assertEqual(f.__dict__, {1:1, 'a':'a'}) from test import mapping_tests class GeneralMappingTests(mapping_tests.BasicTestMappingProtocol): type2test = dict class Dict(dict): pass class SubclassMappingTests(mapping_tests.BasicTestMappingProtocol): type2test = Dict def test_main(): support.run_unittest( DictTest, GeneralMappingTests, SubclassMappingTests, ) if __name__ == "__main__": test_main()