r"""Test correct treatment of various string literals by the parser. There are four types of string literals: 'abc' -- normal str r'abc' -- raw str b'xyz' -- normal bytes br'xyz' | rb'xyz' -- raw bytes The difference between normal and raw strings is of course that in a raw string, \ escapes (while still used to determine the end of the literal) are not interpreted, so that r'\x00' contains four characters: a backslash, an x, and two zeros; while '\x00' contains a single character (code point zero). The tricky thing is what should happen when non-ASCII bytes are used inside literals. For bytes literals, this is considered illegal. But for str literals, those bytes are supposed to be decoded using the encoding declared for the file (UTF-8 by default). We have to test this with various file encodings. We also test it with exec()/eval(), which uses a different code path. This file is really about correct treatment of encodings and backslashes. It doesn't concern itself with issues like single vs. double quotes or singly- vs. triply-quoted strings: that's dealt with elsewhere (I assume). """ import os import sys import shutil import tempfile import warnings import unittest TEMPLATE = r"""# coding: %s a = 'x' assert ord(a) == 120 b = '\x01' assert ord(b) == 1 c = r'\x01' assert list(map(ord, c)) == [92, 120, 48, 49] d = '\x81' assert ord(d) == 0x81 e = r'\x81' assert list(map(ord, e)) == [92, 120, 56, 49] f = '\u1881' assert ord(f) == 0x1881 g = r'\u1881' assert list(map(ord, g)) == [92, 117, 49, 56, 56, 49] h = '\U0001d120' assert ord(h) == 0x1d120 i = r'\U0001d120' assert list(map(ord, i)) == [92, 85, 48, 48, 48, 49, 100, 49, 50, 48] """ def byte(i): return bytes([i]) class TestLiterals(unittest.TestCase): from test.support import check_syntax_warning def setUp(self): self.save_path = sys.path[:] self.tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp() sys.path.insert(0, self.tmpdir) def tearDown(self): sys.path[:] = self.save_path shutil.rmtree(self.tmpdir, ignore_errors=True) def test_template(self): # Check that the template doesn't contain any non-printables # except for \n. for c in TEMPLATE: assert c == '\n' or ' ' <= c <= '~', repr(c) def test_eval_str_normal(self): self.assertEqual(eval(""" 'x' """), 'x') self.assertEqual(eval(r""" '\x01' """), chr(1)) self.assertEqual(eval(""" '\x01' """), chr(1)) self.assertEqual(eval(r""" '\x81' """), chr(0x81)) self.assertEqual(eval(""" '\x81' """), chr(0x81)) self.assertEqual(eval(r""" '\u1881' """), chr(0x1881)) self.assertEqual(eval(""" '\u1881' """), chr(0x1881)) self.assertEqual(eval(r""" '\U0001d120' """), chr(0x1d120)) self.assertEqual(eval(""" '\U0001d120' """), chr(0x1d120)) def test_eval_str_incomplete(self): self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, r""" '\x' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, r""" '\x0' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, r""" '\u' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, r""" '\u0' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, r""" '\u00' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, r""" '\u000' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, r""" '\U' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, r""" '\U0' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, r""" '\U00' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, r""" '\U000' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, r""" '\U0000' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, r""" '\U00000' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, r""" '\U000000' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, r""" '\U0000000' """) def test_eval_str_invalid_escape(self): for b in range(1, 128): if b in b"""\n\r"'01234567NU\\abfnrtuvx""": continue with self.assertWarns(SyntaxWarning): self.assertEqual(eval(r"'\%c'" % b), '\\' + chr(b)) self.check_syntax_warning("'''\n\\z'''") def test_eval_str_raw(self): self.assertEqual(eval(""" r'x' """), 'x') self.assertEqual(eval(r""" r'\x01' """), '\\' + 'x01') self.assertEqual(eval(""" r'\x01' """), chr(1)) self.assertEqual(eval(r""" r'\x81' """), '\\' + 'x81') self.assertEqual(eval(""" r'\x81' """), chr(0x81)) self.assertEqual(eval(r""" r'\u1881' """), '\\' + 'u1881') self.assertEqual(eval(""" r'\u1881' """), chr(0x1881)) self.assertEqual(eval(r""" r'\U0001d120' """), '\\' + 'U0001d120') self.assertEqual(eval(""" r'\U0001d120' """), chr(0x1d120)) def test_eval_bytes_normal(self): self.assertEqual(eval(""" b'x' """), b'x') self.assertEqual(eval(r""" b'\x01' """), byte(1)) self.assertEqual(eval(""" b'\x01' """), byte(1)) self.assertEqual(eval(r""" b'\x81' """), byte(0x81)) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, """ b'\x81' """) self.assertEqual(eval(r""" br'\u1881' """), b'\\' + b'u1881') self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, """ b'\u1881' """) self.assertEqual(eval(r""" br'\U0001d120' """), b'\\' + b'U0001d120') self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, """ b'\U0001d120' """) def test_eval_bytes_incomplete(self): self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, r""" b'\x' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, r""" b'\x0' """) def test_eval_bytes_invalid_escape(self): for b in range(1, 128): if b in b"""\n\r"'01234567\\abfnrtvx""": continue with self.assertWarns(SyntaxWarning): self.assertEqual(eval(r"b'\%c'" % b), b'\\' + bytes([b])) self.check_syntax_warning("b'''\n\\z'''") def test_eval_bytes_raw(self): self.assertEqual(eval(""" br'x' """), b'x') self.assertEqual(eval(""" rb'x' """), b'x') self.assertEqual(eval(r""" br'\x01' """), b'\\' + b'x01') self.assertEqual(eval(r""" rb'\x01' """), b'\\' + b'x01') self.assertEqual(eval(""" br'\x01' """), byte(1)) self.assertEqual(eval(""" rb'\x01' """), byte(1)) self.assertEqual(eval(r""" br'\x81' """), b"\\" + b"x81") self.assertEqual(eval(r""" rb'\x81' """), b"\\" + b"x81") self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, """ br'\x81' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, """ rb'\x81' """) self.assertEqual(eval(r""" br'\u1881' """), b"\\" + b"u1881") self.assertEqual(eval(r""" rb'\u1881' """), b"\\" + b"u1881") self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, """ br'\u1881' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, """ rb'\u1881' """) self.assertEqual(eval(r""" br'\U0001d120' """), b"\\" + b"U0001d120") self.assertEqual(eval(r""" rb'\U0001d120' """), b"\\" + b"U0001d120") self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, """ br'\U0001d120' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, """ rb'\U0001d120' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, """ bb'' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, """ rr'' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, """ brr'' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, """ bbr'' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, """ rrb'' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, """ rbb'' """) def test_eval_str_u(self): self.assertEqual(eval(""" u'x' """), 'x') self.assertEqual(eval(""" U'\u00e4' """), 'ä') self.assertEqual(eval(""" u'\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS}' """), 'ä') self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, """ ur'' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, """ ru'' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, """ bu'' """) self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, """ ub'' """) def check_encoding(self, encoding, extra=""): modname = "xx_" + encoding.replace("-", "_") fn = os.path.join(self.tmpdir, modname + ".py") f = open(fn, "w", encoding=encoding) try: f.write(TEMPLATE % encoding) f.write(extra) finally: f.close() __import__(modname) del sys.modules[modname] def test_file_utf_8(self): extra = "z = '\u1234'; assert ord(z) == 0x1234\n" self.check_encoding("utf-8", extra) def test_file_utf_8_error(self): extra = "b'\x80'\n" self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, self.check_encoding, "utf-8", extra) def test_file_utf8(self): self.check_encoding("utf-8") def test_file_iso_8859_1(self): self.check_encoding("iso-8859-1") def test_file_latin_1(self): self.check_encoding("latin-1") def test_file_latin9(self): self.check_encoding("latin9") if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main()