"""Text wrapping and filling.
"""

# Copyright (C) 1999-2001 Gregory P. Ward.
# Copyright (C) 2002, 2003 Python Software Foundation.
# Written by Greg Ward <gward@python.net>

import re

__all__ = ['TextWrapper', 'wrap', 'fill', 'dedent', 'indent', 'shorten']

# Hardcode the recognized whitespace characters to the US-ASCII
# whitespace characters.  The main reason for doing this is that
# some Unicode spaces (like \u00a0) are non-breaking whitespaces.
_whitespace = '\t\n\x0b\x0c\r '

class TextWrapper:
    """
    Object for wrapping/filling text.  The public interface consists of
    the wrap() and fill() methods; the other methods are just there for
    subclasses to override in order to tweak the default behaviour.
    If you want to completely replace the main wrapping algorithm,
    you'll probably have to override _wrap_chunks().

    Several instance attributes control various aspects of wrapping:
      width (default: 70)
        the maximum width of wrapped lines (unless break_long_words
        is false)
      initial_indent (default: "")
        string that will be prepended to the first line of wrapped
        output.  Counts towards the line's width.
      subsequent_indent (default: "")
        string that will be prepended to all lines save the first
        of wrapped output; also counts towards each line's width.
      expand_tabs (default: true)
        Expand tabs in input text to spaces before further processing.
        Each tab will become 0 .. 'tabsize' spaces, depending on its position
        in its line.  If false, each tab is treated as a single character.
      tabsize (default: 8)
        Expand tabs in input text to 0 .. 'tabsize' spaces, unless
        'expand_tabs' is false.
      replace_whitespace (default: true)
        Replace all whitespace characters in the input text by spaces
        after tab expansion.  Note that if expand_tabs is false and
        replace_whitespace is true, every tab will be converted to a
        single space!
      fix_sentence_endings (default: false)
        Ensure that sentence-ending punctuation is always followed
        by two spaces.  Off by default because the algorithm is
        (unavoidably) imperfect.
      break_long_words (default: true)
        Break words longer than 'width'.  If false, those words will not
        be broken, and some lines might be longer than 'width'.
      break_on_hyphens (default: true)
        Allow breaking hyphenated words. If true, wrapping will occur
        preferably on whitespaces and right after hyphens part of
        compound words.
      drop_whitespace (default: true)
        Drop leading and trailing whitespace from lines.
      max_lines (default: None)
        Truncate wrapped lines.
      placeholder (default: ' [...]')
        Append to the last line of truncated text.
    """

    unicode_whitespace_trans = dict.fromkeys(map(ord, _whitespace), ord(' '))

    # This funky little regex is just the trick for splitting
    # text up into word-wrappable chunks.  E.g.
    #   "Hello there -- you goof-ball, use the -b option!"
    # splits into
    #   Hello/ /there/ /--/ /you/ /goof-/ball,/ /use/ /the/ /-b/ /option!
    # (after stripping out empty strings).
    word_punct = r'[\w!"\'&.,?]'
    letter = r'[^\d\W]'
    whitespace = r'[%s]' % re.escape(_whitespace)
    nowhitespace = '[^' + whitespace[1:]
    wordsep_re = re.compile(r'''
        ( # any whitespace
          %(ws)s+
        | # em-dash between words
          (?<=%(wp)s) -{2,} (?=\w)
        | # word, possibly hyphenated
          %(nws)s+? (?:
            # hyphenated word
              -(?: (?<=%(lt)s{2}-) | (?<=%(lt)s-%(lt)s-))
              (?= %(lt)s -? %(lt)s)
            | # end of word
              (?=%(ws)s|\Z)
            | # em-dash
              (?<=%(wp)s) (?=-{2,}\w)
            )
        )''' % {'wp': word_punct, 'lt': letter,
                'ws': whitespace, 'nws': nowhitespace},
        re.VERBOSE)
    del word_punct, letter, nowhitespace

    # This less funky little regex just split on recognized spaces. E.g.
    #   "Hello there -- you goof-ball, use the -b option!"
    # splits into
    #   Hello/ /there/ /--/ /you/ /goof-ball,/ /use/ /the/ /-b/ /option!/
    wordsep_simple_re = re.compile(r'(%s+)' % whitespace)
    del whitespace

    # XXX this is not locale- or charset-aware -- string.lowercase
    # is US-ASCII only (and therefore English-only)
    sentence_end_re = re.compile(r'[a-z]'             # lowercase letter
                                 r'[\.\!\?]'          # sentence-ending punct.
                                 r'[\"\']?'           # optional end-of-quote
                                 r'\Z')               # end of chunk

    def __init__(self,
                 width=70,
                 initial_indent="",
                 subsequent_indent="",
                 expand_tabs=True,
                 replace_whitespace=True,
                 fix_sentence_endings=False,
                 break_long_words=True,
                 drop_whitespace=True,
                 break_on_hyphens=True,
                 tabsize=8,
                 *,
                 max_lines=None,
                 placeholder=' [...]'):
        self.width = width
        self.initial_indent = initial_indent
        self.subsequent_indent = subsequent_indent
        self.expand_tabs = expand_tabs
        self.replace_whitespace = replace_whitespace
        self.fix_sentence_endings = fix_sentence_endings
        self.break_long_words = break_long_words
        self.drop_whitespace = drop_whitespace
        self.break_on_hyphens = break_on_hyphens
        self.tabsize = tabsize
        self.max_lines = max_lines
        self.placeholder = placeholder


    # -- Private methods -----------------------------------------------
    # (possibly useful for subclasses to override)

    def _munge_whitespace(self, text):
        """_munge_whitespace(text : string) -> string

        Munge whitespace in text: expand tabs and convert all other
        whitespace characters to spaces.  Eg. " foo\\tbar\\n\\nbaz"
        becomes " foo    bar  baz".
        """
        if self.expand_tabs:
            text = text.expandtabs(self.tabsize)
        if self.replace_whitespace:
            text = text.translate(self.unicode_whitespace_trans)
        return text


    def _split(self, text):
        """_split(text : string) -> [string]

        Split the text to wrap into indivisible chunks.  Chunks are
        not quite the same as words; see _wrap_chunks() for full
        details.  As an example, the text
          Look, goof-ball -- use the -b option!
        breaks into the following chunks:
          'Look,', ' ', 'goof-', 'ball', ' ', '--', ' ',
          'use', ' ', 'the', ' ', '-b', ' ', 'option!'
        if break_on_hyphens is True, or in:
          'Look,', ' ', 'goof-ball', ' ', '--', ' ',
          'use', ' ', 'the', ' ', '-b', ' ', option!'
        otherwise.
        """
        if self.break_on_hyphens is True:
            chunks = self.wordsep_re.split(text)
        else:
            chunks = self.wordsep_simple_re.split(text)
        chunks = [c for c in chunks if c]
        return chunks

    def _fix_sentence_endings(self, chunks):
        """_fix_sentence_endings(chunks : [string])

        Correct for sentence endings buried in 'chunks'.  Eg. when the
        original text contains "... foo.\\nBar ...", munge_whitespace()
        and split() will convert that to [..., "foo.", " ", "Bar", ...]
        which has one too few spaces; this method simply changes the one
        space to two.
        """
        i = 0
        patsearch = self.sentence_end_re.search
        while i < len(chunks)-1:
            if chunks[i+1] == " " and patsearch(chunks[i]):
                chunks[i+1] = "  "
                i += 2
            else:
                i += 1

    def _handle_long_word(self, reversed_chunks, cur_line, cur_len, width):
        """_handle_long_word(chunks : [string],
                             cur_line : [string],
                             cur_len : int, width : int)

        Handle a chunk of text (most likely a word, not whitespace) that
        is too long to fit in any line.
        """
        # Figure out when indent is larger than the specified width, and make
        # sure at least one character is stripped off on every pass
        if width < 1:
            space_left = 1
        else:
            space_left = width - cur_len

        # If we're allowed to break long words, then do so: put as much
        # of the next chunk onto the current line as will fit.
        if self.break_long_words:
            end = space_left
            chunk = reversed_chunks[-1]
            if self.break_on_hyphens and len(chunk) > space_left:
                # break after last hyphen, but only if there are
                # non-hyphens before it
                hyphen = chunk.rfind('-', 0, space_left)
                if hyphen > 0 and any(c != '-' for c in chunk[:hyphen]):
                    end = hyphen + 1
            cur_line.append(chunk[:end])
            reversed_chunks[-1] = chunk[end:]

        # Otherwise, we have to preserve the long word intact.  Only add
        # it to the current line if there's nothing already there --
        # that minimizes how much we violate the width constraint.
        elif not cur_line:
            cur_line.append(reversed_chunks.pop())

        # If we're not allowed to break long words, and there's already
        # text on the current line, do nothing.  Next time through the
        # main loop of _wrap_chunks(), we'll wind up here again, but
        # cur_len will be zero, so the next line will be entirely
        # devoted to the long word that we can't handle right now.

    def _wrap_chunks(self, chunks):
        """_wrap_chunks(chunks : [string]) -> [string]

        Wrap a sequence of text chunks and return a list of lines of
        length 'self.width' or less.  (If 'break_long_words' is false,
        some lines may be longer than this.)  Chunks correspond roughly
        to words and the whitespace between them: each chunk is
        indivisible (modulo 'break_long_words'), but a line break can
        come between any two chunks.  Chunks should not have internal
        whitespace; ie. a chunk is either all whitespace or a "word".
        Whitespace chunks will be removed from the beginning and end of
        lines, but apart from that whitespace is preserved.
        """
        lines = []
        if self.width <= 0:
            raise ValueError("invalid width %r (must be > 0)" % self.width)
        if self.max_lines is not None:
            if self.max_lines > 1:
                indent = self.subsequent_indent
            else:
                indent = self.initial_indent
            if len(indent) + len(self.placeholder.lstrip()) > self.width:
                raise ValueError("placeholder too large for max width")

        # Arrange in reverse order so items can be efficiently popped
        # from a stack of chucks.
        chunks.reverse()

        while chunks:

            # Start the list of chunks that will make up the current line.
            # cur_len is just the length of all the chunks in cur_line.
            cur_line = []
            cur_len = 0

            # Figure out which static string will prefix this line.
            if lines:
                indent = self.subsequent_indent
            else:
                indent = self.initial_indent

            # Maximum width for this line.
            width = self.width - len(indent)

            # First chunk on line is whitespace -- drop it, unless this
            # is the very beginning of the text (ie. no lines started yet).
            if self.drop_whitespace and chunks[-1].strip() == '' and lines:
                del chunks[-1]

            while chunks:
                l = len(chunks[-1])

                # Can at least squeeze this chunk onto the current line.
                if cur_len + l <= width:
                    cur_line.append(chunks.pop())
                    cur_len += l

                # Nope, this line is full.
                else:
                    break

            # The current line is full, and the next chunk is too big to
            # fit on *any* line (not just this one).
            if chunks and len(chunks[-1]) > width:
                self._handle_long_word(chunks, cur_line, cur_len, width)
                cur_len = sum(map(len, cur_line))

            # If the last chunk on this line is all whitespace, drop it.
            if self.drop_whitespace and cur_line and cur_line[-1].strip() == '':
                cur_len -= len(cur_line[-1])
                del cur_line[-1]

            if cur_line:
                if (self.max_lines is None or
                    len(lines) + 1 < self.max_lines or
                    (not chunks or
                     self.drop_whitespace and
                     len(chunks) == 1 and
                     not chunks[0].strip()) and cur_len <= width):
                    # Convert current line back to a string and store it in
                    # list of all lines (return value).
                    lines.append(indent + ''.join(cur_line))
                else:
                    while cur_line:
                        if (cur_line[-1].strip() and
                            cur_len + len(self.placeholder) <= width):
                            cur_line.append(self.placeholder)
                            lines.append(indent + ''.join(cur_line))
                            break
                        cur_len -= len(cur_line[-1])
                        del cur_line[-1]
                    else:
                        if lines:
                            prev_line = lines[-1].rstrip()
                            if (len(prev_line) + len(self.placeholder) <=
                                    self.width):
                                lines[-1] = prev_line + self.placeholder
                                break
                        lines.append(indent + self.placeholder.lstrip())
                    break

        return lines

    def _split_chunks(self, text):
        text = self._munge_whitespace(text)
        return self._split(text)

    # -- Public interface ----------------------------------------------

    def wrap(self, text):
        """wrap(text : string) -> [string]

        Reformat the single paragraph in 'text' so it fits in lines of
        no more than 'self.width' columns, and return a list of wrapped
        lines.  Tabs in 'text' are expanded with string.expandtabs(),
        and all other whitespace characters (including newline) are
        converted to space.
        """
        chunks = self._split_chunks(text)
        if self.fix_sentence_endings:
            self._fix_sentence_endings(chunks)
        return self._wrap_chunks(chunks)

    def fill(self, text):
        """fill(text : string) -> string

        Reformat the single paragraph in 'text' to fit in lines of no
        more than 'self.width' columns, and return a new string
        containing the entire wrapped paragraph.
        """
        return "\n".join(self.wrap(text))


# -- Convenience interface ---------------------------------------------

def wrap(text, width=70, **kwargs):
    """Wrap a single paragraph of text, returning a list of wrapped lines.

    Reformat the single paragraph in 'text' so it fits in lines of no
    more than 'width' columns, and return a list of wrapped lines.  By
    default, tabs in 'text' are expanded with string.expandtabs(), and
    all other whitespace characters (including newline) are converted to
    space.  See TextWrapper class for available keyword args to customize
    wrapping behaviour.
    """
    w = TextWrapper(width=width, **kwargs)
    return w.wrap(text)

def fill(text, width=70, **kwargs):
    """Fill a single paragraph of text, returning a new string.

    Reformat the single paragraph in 'text' to fit in lines of no more
    than 'width' columns, and return a new string containing the entire
    wrapped paragraph.  As with wrap(), tabs are expanded and other
    whitespace characters converted to space.  See TextWrapper class for
    available keyword args to customize wrapping behaviour.
    """
    w = TextWrapper(width=width, **kwargs)
    return w.fill(text)

def shorten(text, width, **kwargs):
    """Collapse and truncate the given text to fit in the given width.

    The text first has its whitespace collapsed.  If it then fits in
    the *width*, it is returned as is.  Otherwise, as many words
    as possible are joined and then the placeholder is appended::

        >>> textwrap.shorten("Hello  world!", width=12)
        'Hello world!'
        >>> textwrap.shorten("Hello  world!", width=11)
        'Hello [...]'
    """
    w = TextWrapper(width=width, max_lines=1, **kwargs)
    return w.fill(' '.join(text.strip().split()))


# -- Loosely related functionality -------------------------------------

_whitespace_only_re = re.compile('^[ \t]+$', re.MULTILINE)
_leading_whitespace_re = re.compile('(^[ \t]*)(?:[^ \t\n])', re.MULTILINE)

def dedent(text):
    """Remove any common leading whitespace from every line in `text`.

    This can be used to make triple-quoted strings line up with the left
    edge of the display, while still presenting them in the source code
    in indented form.

    Note that tabs and spaces are both treated as whitespace, but they
    are not equal: the lines "  hello" and "\\thello" are
    considered to have no common leading whitespace.

    Entirely blank lines are normalized to a newline character.
    """
    # Look for the longest leading string of spaces and tabs common to
    # all lines.
    margin = None
    text = _whitespace_only_re.sub('', text)
    indents = _leading_whitespace_re.findall(text)
    for indent in indents:
        if margin is None:
            margin = indent

        # Current line more deeply indented than previous winner:
        # no change (previous winner is still on top).
        elif indent.startswith(margin):
            pass

        # Current line consistent with and no deeper than previous winner:
        # it's the new winner.
        elif margin.startswith(indent):
            margin = indent

        # Find the largest common whitespace between current line and previous
        # winner.
        else:
            for i, (x, y) in enumerate(zip(margin, indent)):
                if x != y:
                    margin = margin[:i]
                    break

    # sanity check (testing/debugging only)
    if 0 and margin:
        for line in text.split("\n"):
            assert not line or line.startswith(margin), \
                   "line = %r, margin = %r" % (line, margin)

    if margin:
        text = re.sub(r'(?m)^' + margin, '', text)
    return text


def indent(text, prefix, predicate=None):
    """Adds 'prefix' to the beginning of selected lines in 'text'.

    If 'predicate' is provided, 'prefix' will only be added to the lines
    where 'predicate(line)' is True. If 'predicate' is not provided,
    it will default to adding 'prefix' to all non-empty lines that do not
    consist solely of whitespace characters.
    """
    if predicate is None:
        def predicate(line):
            return line.strip()

    def prefixed_lines():
        for line in text.splitlines(True):
            yield (prefix + line if predicate(line) else line)
    return ''.join(prefixed_lines())


if __name__ == "__main__":
    #print dedent("\tfoo\n\tbar")
    #print dedent("  \thello there\n  \t  how are you?")
    print(dedent("Hello there.\n  This is indented."))
>
<a id='n485' href='#n485'>485</a>
<a id='n486' href='#n486'>486</a>
<a id='n487' href='#n487'>487</a>
<a id='n488' href='#n488'>488</a>
<a id='n489' href='#n489'>489</a>
<a id='n490' href='#n490'>490</a>
<a id='n491' href='#n491'>491</a>
<a id='n492' href='#n492'>492</a>
<a id='n493' href='#n493'>493</a>
<a id='n494' href='#n494'>494</a>
<a id='n495' href='#n495'>495</a>
<a id='n496' href='#n496'>496</a>
<a id='n497' href='#n497'>497</a>
<a id='n498' href='#n498'>498</a>
<a id='n499' href='#n499'>499</a>
<a id='n500' href='#n500'>500</a>
<a id='n501' href='#n501'>501</a>
<a id='n502' href='#n502'>502</a>
<a id='n503' href='#n503'>503</a>
<a id='n504' href='#n504'>504</a>
<a id='n505' href='#n505'>505</a>
<a id='n506' href='#n506'>506</a>
<a id='n507' href='#n507'>507</a>
<a id='n508' href='#n508'>508</a>
<a id='n509' href='#n509'>509</a>
<a id='n510' href='#n510'>510</a>
<a id='n511' href='#n511'>511</a>
<a id='n512' href='#n512'>512</a>
<a id='n513' href='#n513'>513</a>
<a id='n514' href='#n514'>514</a>
<a id='n515' href='#n515'>515</a>
<a id='n516' href='#n516'>516</a>
<a id='n517' href='#n517'>517</a>
<a id='n518' href='#n518'>518</a>
<a id='n519' href='#n519'>519</a>
<a id='n520' href='#n520'>520</a>
<a id='n521' href='#n521'>521</a>
<a id='n522' href='#n522'>522</a>
<a id='n523' href='#n523'>523</a>
<a id='n524' href='#n524'>524</a>
<a id='n525' href='#n525'>525</a>
<a id='n526' href='#n526'>526</a>
<a id='n527' href='#n527'>527</a>
<a id='n528' href='#n528'>528</a>
<a id='n529' href='#n529'>529</a>
<a id='n530' href='#n530'>530</a>
<a id='n531' href='#n531'>531</a>
<a id='n532' href='#n532'>532</a>
<a id='n533' href='#n533'>533</a>
<a id='n534' href='#n534'>534</a>
<a id='n535' href='#n535'>535</a>
<a id='n536' href='#n536'>536</a>
<a id='n537' href='#n537'>537</a>
<a id='n538' href='#n538'>538</a>
<a id='n539' href='#n539'>539</a>
<a id='n540' href='#n540'>540</a>
<a id='n541' href='#n541'>541</a>
<a id='n542' href='#n542'>542</a>
<a id='n543' href='#n543'>543</a>
<a id='n544' href='#n544'>544</a>
<a id='n545' href='#n545'>545</a>
<a id='n546' href='#n546'>546</a>
<a id='n547' href='#n547'>547</a>
<a id='n548' href='#n548'>548</a>
<a id='n549' href='#n549'>549</a>
<a id='n550' href='#n550'>550</a>
<a id='n551' href='#n551'>551</a>
<a id='n552' href='#n552'>552</a>
<a id='n553' href='#n553'>553</a>
<a id='n554' href='#n554'>554</a>
<a id='n555' href='#n555'>555</a>
<a id='n556' href='#n556'>556</a>
<a id='n557' href='#n557'>557</a>
<a id='n558' href='#n558'>558</a>
<a id='n559' href='#n559'>559</a>
<a id='n560' href='#n560'>560</a>
<a id='n561' href='#n561'>561</a>
<a id='n562' href='#n562'>562</a>
<a id='n563' href='#n563'>563</a>
<a id='n564' href='#n564'>564</a>
<a id='n565' href='#n565'>565</a>
<a id='n566' href='#n566'>566</a>
<a id='n567' href='#n567'>567</a>
<a id='n568' href='#n568'>568</a>
<a id='n569' href='#n569'>569</a>
<a id='n570' href='#n570'>570</a>
<a id='n571' href='#n571'>571</a>
<a id='n572' href='#n572'>572</a>
<a id='n573' href='#n573'>573</a>
<a id='n574' href='#n574'>574</a>
<a id='n575' href='#n575'>575</a>
<a id='n576' href='#n576'>576</a>
<a id='n577' href='#n577'>577</a>
<a id='n578' href='#n578'>578</a>
<a id='n579' href='#n579'>579</a>
<a id='n580' href='#n580'>580</a>
<a id='n581' href='#n581'>581</a>
<a id='n582' href='#n582'>582</a>
<a id='n583' href='#n583'>583</a>
<a id='n584' href='#n584'>584</a>
<a id='n585' href='#n585'>585</a>
<a id='n586' href='#n586'>586</a>
<a id='n587' href='#n587'>587</a>
<a id='n588' href='#n588'>588</a>
<a id='n589' href='#n589'>589</a>
<a id='n590' href='#n590'>590</a>
<a id='n591' href='#n591'>591</a>
<a id='n592' href='#n592'>592</a>
<a id='n593' href='#n593'>593</a>
<a id='n594' href='#n594'>594</a>
<a id='n595' href='#n595'>595</a>
<a id='n596' href='#n596'>596</a>
<a id='n597' href='#n597'>597</a>
<a id='n598' href='#n598'>598</a>
<a id='n599' href='#n599'>599</a>
<a id='n600' href='#n600'>600</a>
<a id='n601' href='#n601'>601</a>
<a id='n602' href='#n602'>602</a>
<a id='n603' href='#n603'>603</a>
<a id='n604' href='#n604'>604</a>
<a id='n605' href='#n605'>605</a>
<a id='n606' href='#n606'>606</a>
<a id='n607' href='#n607'>607</a>
<a id='n608' href='#n608'>608</a>
<a id='n609' href='#n609'>609</a>
<a id='n610' href='#n610'>610</a>
<a id='n611' href='#n611'>611</a>
<a id='n612' href='#n612'>612</a>
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<a id='n731' href='#n731'>731</a>
<a id='n732' href='#n732'>732</a>
<a id='n733' href='#n733'>733</a>
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<a id='n736' href='#n736'>736</a>
<a id='n737' href='#n737'>737</a>
<a id='n738' href='#n738'>738</a>
<a id='n739' href='#n739'>739</a>
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<a id='n741' href='#n741'>741</a>
<a id='n742' href='#n742'>742</a>
<a id='n743' href='#n743'>743</a>
<a id='n744' href='#n744'>744</a>
<a id='n745' href='#n745'>745</a>
<a id='n746' href='#n746'>746</a>
<a id='n747' href='#n747'>747</a>
<a id='n748' href='#n748'>748</a>
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<a id='n765' href='#n765'>765</a>
<a id='n766' href='#n766'>766</a>
<a id='n767' href='#n767'>767</a>
<a id='n768' href='#n768'>768</a>
<a id='n769' href='#n769'>769</a>
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<a id='n784' href='#n784'>784</a>
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<a id='n786' href='#n786'>786</a>
<a id='n787' href='#n787'>787</a>
<a id='n788' href='#n788'>788</a>
<a id='n789' href='#n789'>789</a>
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<a id='n795' href='#n795'>795</a>
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<a id='n798' href='#n798'>798</a>
<a id='n799' href='#n799'>799</a>
<a id='n800' href='#n800'>800</a>
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<a id='n897' href='#n897'>897</a>
<a id='n898' href='#n898'>898</a>
<a id='n899' href='#n899'>899</a>
<a id='n900' href='#n900'>900</a>
<a id='n901' href='#n901'>901</a>
<a id='n902' href='#n902'>902</a>
<a id='n903' href='#n903'>903</a>
<a id='n904' href='#n904'>904</a>
<a id='n905' href='#n905'>905</a>
<a id='n906' href='#n906'>906</a>
<a id='n907' href='#n907'>907</a>
<a id='n908' href='#n908'>908</a>
<a id='n909' href='#n909'>909</a>
<a id='n910' href='#n910'>910</a>
<a id='n911' href='#n911'>911</a>
<a id='n912' href='#n912'>912</a>
<a id='n913' href='#n913'>913</a>
<a id='n914' href='#n914'>914</a>
<a id='n915' href='#n915'>915</a>
<a id='n916' href='#n916'>916</a>
<a id='n917' href='#n917'>917</a>
<a id='n918' href='#n918'>918</a>
<a id='n919' href='#n919'>919</a>
<a id='n920' href='#n920'>920</a>
<a id='n921' href='#n921'>921</a>
<a id='n922' href='#n922'>922</a>
<a id='n923' href='#n923'>923</a>
<a id='n924' href='#n924'>924</a>
<a id='n925' href='#n925'>925</a>
<a id='n926' href='#n926'>926</a>
<a id='n927' href='#n927'>927</a>
<a id='n928' href='#n928'>928</a>
<a id='n929' href='#n929'>929</a>
<a id='n930' href='#n930'>930</a>
<a id='n931' href='#n931'>931</a>
<a id='n932' href='#n932'>932</a>
<a id='n933' href='#n933'>933</a>
<a id='n934' href='#n934'>934</a>
<a id='n935' href='#n935'>935</a>
<a id='n936' href='#n936'>936</a>
<a id='n937' href='#n937'>937</a>
<a id='n938' href='#n938'>938</a>
<a id='n939' href='#n939'>939</a>
<a id='n940' href='#n940'>940</a>
<a id='n941' href='#n941'>941</a>
<a id='n942' href='#n942'>942</a>
<a id='n943' href='#n943'>943</a>
<a id='n944' href='#n944'>944</a>
<a id='n945' href='#n945'>945</a>
<a id='n946' href='#n946'>946</a>
<a id='n947' href='#n947'>947</a>
<a id='n948' href='#n948'>948</a>
<a id='n949' href='#n949'>949</a>
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<a id='n964' href='#n964'>964</a>
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<a id='n971' href='#n971'>971</a>
<a id='n972' href='#n972'>972</a>
<a id='n973' href='#n973'>973</a>
<a id='n974' href='#n974'>974</a>
<a id='n975' href='#n975'>975</a>
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<a id='n981' href='#n981'>981</a>
<a id='n982' href='#n982'>982</a>
<a id='n983' href='#n983'>983</a>
<a id='n984' href='#n984'>984</a>
<a id='n985' href='#n985'>985</a>
<a id='n986' href='#n986'>986</a>
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<a id='n989' href='#n989'>989</a>
<a id='n990' href='#n990'>990</a>
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<a id='n992' href='#n992'>992</a>
<a id='n993' href='#n993'>993</a>
<a id='n994' href='#n994'>994</a>
<a id='n995' href='#n995'>995</a>
</pre></td>
<td class='lines'><pre><code>.. bpo: 42814
.. date: 2021-01-03-04-41-25
.. nonce: sDvVbb
.. release date: 2021-01-04
.. section: Core and Builtins

Fix undefined behavior in ``Objects/genericaliasobject.c``.

..

.. bpo: 42806
.. date: 2021-01-03-00-20-38
.. nonce: mLAobJ
.. section: Core and Builtins

Fix the column offsets for f-strings :mod:`ast` nodes surrounded by
parentheses and for nodes that spawn multiple lines. Patch by Pablo Galindo.

..

.. bpo: 40631
.. date: 2020-12-31-20-58-22
.. nonce: deRMCx
.. section: Core and Builtins

Fix regression where a single parenthesized starred expression was a valid
assignment target.

..

.. bpo: 27794
.. date: 2020-12-27-18-07-43
.. nonce: sxgfGi
.. section: Core and Builtins

Improve the error message for failed writes/deletes to property objects.
When possible, the attribute name is now shown. Patch provided by Yurii
Karabas.

..

.. bpo: 42745
.. date: 2020-12-25-23-30-58
.. nonce: XsFoHS
.. section: Core and Builtins

Make the type attribute lookup cache per-interpreter. Patch by Victor
Stinner.

..

.. bpo: 42246
.. date: 2020-12-22-20-30-11
.. nonce: 7BrPLg
.. section: Core and Builtins

Jumps to jumps are not eliminated when it would break PEP 626.

..

.. bpo: 42246
.. date: 2020-12-16-14-44-21
.. nonce: RtIEY7
.. section: Core and Builtins

Make sure that the ``f_lasti`` and ``f_lineno`` attributes of a frame are
set correctly when an exception is raised or re-raised. Required for PEP
626.

..

.. bpo: 32381
.. date: 2020-12-15-18-43-43
.. nonce: 3tIofL
.. section: Core and Builtins

The coding cookie (ex: ``# coding: latin1``) is now ignored in the command
passed to the :option:`-c` command line option. Patch by Victor Stinner.

..

.. bpo: 30858
.. date: 2020-12-13-15-23-09
.. nonce: -f9G4z
.. section: Core and Builtins

Improve error location in expressions that contain assignments. Patch by
Pablo Galindo and Lysandros Nikolaou.

..

.. bpo: 42615
.. date: 2020-12-10-17-06-52
.. nonce: Je6Q-r
.. section: Core and Builtins

Remove jump commands made redundant by the deletion of unreachable bytecode
blocks

..

.. bpo: 42639
.. date: 2020-12-09-01-55-10
.. nonce: 5pI5HG
.. section: Core and Builtins

Make the :mod:`atexit` module state per-interpreter. It is now safe have
more than one :mod:`atexit` module instance. Patch by Dong-hee Na and Victor
Stinner.

..

.. bpo: 32381
.. date: 2020-12-04-17-17-44
.. nonce: NY5t2S
.. section: Core and Builtins

Fix encoding name when running a ``.pyc`` file on Windows:
:c:func:`PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags()` now uses the correct encoding to decode
the filename.

..

.. bpo: 42195
.. date: 2020-11-20-00-57-47
.. nonce: HeqcpS
.. section: Core and Builtins

The ``__args__`` of the parameterized generics for :data:`typing.Callable`
and :class:`collections.abc.Callable` are now consistent.  The ``__args__``
for :class:`collections.abc.Callable` are now flattened while
:data:`typing.Callable`'s have not changed.  To allow this change,
:class:`types.GenericAlias` can now be subclassed and
``collections.abc.Callable``'s ``__class_getitem__`` will now return a
subclass of ``types.GenericAlias``.  Tests for typing were also updated to
not subclass things like ``Callable[..., T]`` as that is not a valid base
class.  Finally, both ``Callable``\ s no longer validate their ``argtypes``,
in ``Callable[[argtypes], resulttype]`` to prepare for :pep:`612`.  Patch by
Ken Jin.

..

.. bpo: 40137
.. date: 2020-11-19-23-12-57
.. nonce: bihl9O
.. section: Core and Builtins

Convert functools module to use :c:func:`PyType_FromModuleAndSpec`.

..

.. bpo: 40077
.. date: 2020-11-03-13-46-10
.. nonce: NfAIdj
.. section: Core and Builtins

Convert :mod:`array` to use heap types, and establish module state for
these.

..

.. bpo: 42008
.. date: 2020-10-12-14-51-59
.. nonce: ijWw2I
.. section: Core and Builtins

Fix _random.Random() seeding.

..

.. bpo: 1635741
.. date: 2020-09-12-19-21-52
.. nonce: F2kDrU
.. section: Core and Builtins

Port the :mod:`pyexpat` extension module to multi-phase initialization
(:pep:`489`).

..

.. bpo: 40521
.. date: 2020-05-14-02-55-39
.. nonce: dIlXsZ
.. section: Core and Builtins

Make the Unicode dictionary of interned strings compatible with
subinterpreters. Patch by Victor Stinner.

..

.. bpo: 39465
.. date: 2020-05-13-18-50-27
.. nonce: j7nl6A
.. section: Core and Builtins

Make :c:func:`_PyUnicode_FromId` function compatible with subinterpreters.
Each interpreter now has an array of identifier objects (interned strings
decoded from UTF-8). Patch by Victor Stinner.

..

.. bpo: 42257
.. date: 2020-12-31-23-05-53
.. nonce: ALQy7B
.. section: Library

Handle empty string in variable executable in platform.libc_ver()

..

.. bpo: 42772
.. date: 2020-12-30-17-16-43
.. nonce: Xe7WFV
.. section: Library

randrange() now raises a TypeError when step is specified without a stop
argument.  Formerly, it silently ignored the step argument.

..

.. bpo: 42759
.. date: 2020-12-27-22-19-26
.. nonce: lGi_03
.. section: Library

Fixed equality comparison of :class:`tkinter.Variable` and
:class:`tkinter.font.Font`. Objects which belong to different Tcl
interpreters are now always different, even if they have the same name.

..

.. bpo: 42756
.. date: 2020-12-27-21-22-01
.. nonce: dHMPJ9
.. section: Library

Configure LMTP Unix-domain socket to use socket global default timeout when
a timeout is not explicitly provided.

..

.. bpo: 23328
.. date: 2020-12-27-18-47-01
.. nonce: _xqepZ
.. section: Library

Allow / character in username, password fields on _PROXY envars.

..

.. bpo: 42740
.. date: 2020-12-25-23-23-11
.. nonce: F0rQ_E
.. section: Library

:func:`typing.get_args` and :func:`typing.get_origin` now support :pep:`604`
union types and :pep:`612` additions to ``Callable``.

..

.. bpo: 42655
.. date: 2020-12-25-12-32-47
.. nonce: W5ytpV
.. section: Library

:mod:`subprocess` *extra_groups* is now correctly passed into setgroups()
system call.

..

.. bpo: 42727
.. date: 2020-12-23-19-43-06
.. nonce: WH3ODh
.. section: Library

``EnumMeta.__prepare__`` now accepts ``**kwds`` to properly support
``__init_subclass__``

..

.. bpo: 38308
.. date: 2020-12-23-15-16-12
.. nonce: lB4Sv0
.. section: Library

Add optional *weights* to *statistics.harmonic_mean()*.

..

.. bpo: 42721
.. date: 2020-12-22-22-47-22
.. nonce: I5Ai5L
.. section: Library

When simple query dialogs (:mod:`tkinter.simpledialog`), message boxes
(:mod:`tkinter.messagebox`) or color choose dialog
(:mod:`tkinter.colorchooser`) are created without arguments *master* and
*parent*, and the default root window is not yet created, and
:func:`~tkinter.NoDefaultRoot` was not called, a new temporal hidden root
window will be created automatically. It will not be set as the default root
window and will be destroyed right after closing the dialog window. It will
help to use these simple dialog windows in programs which do not need other
GUI.

..

.. bpo: 25246
.. date: 2020-12-22-13-16-43
.. nonce: GhhCTl
.. section: Library

Optimized :meth:`collections.deque.remove`.

..

.. bpo: 35728
.. date: 2020-12-21-23-34-57
.. nonce: 9m-azF
.. section: Library

Added a root parameter to :func:`tkinter.font.nametofont`.

..

.. bpo: 15303
.. date: 2020-12-21-22-59-26
.. nonce: zozVrq
.. section: Library

:mod:`tkinter` supports now widgets with boolean value False.

..

.. bpo: 42681
.. date: 2020-12-20-22-50-15
.. nonce: lDO6jb
.. section: Library

Fixed range checks for color and pair numbers in :mod:`curses`.

..

.. bpo: 42685
.. date: 2020-12-19-17-32-43
.. nonce: kwZlwp
.. section: Library

Improved placing of simple query windows in Tkinter (such as
:func:`tkinter.simpledialog.askinteger`). They are now centered at the
center of the parent window if it is specified and shown, otherwise at the
center of the screen.

..

.. bpo: 9694
.. date: 2020-12-19-12-33-38
.. nonce: CkKK9V
.. section: Library

Argparse help no longer uses the confusing phrase, &quot;optional arguments&quot;. It
uses &quot;options&quot; instead.

..

.. bpo: 1635741
.. date: 2020-12-16-23-28-52
.. nonce: Quy3zn
.. section: Library

Port the :mod:`_thread` extension module to the multiphase initialization
API (:pep:`489`) and convert its static types to heap types.

..

.. bpo: 37961
.. date: 2020-12-16-16-16-33
.. nonce: jrESEq
.. section: Library

Fix crash in :func:`tracemalloc.Traceback.__repr__` (regressed in Python
3.9).

..

.. bpo: 42630
.. date: 2020-12-15-17-51-27
.. nonce: jf4jBl
.. section: Library

:mod:`tkinter` functions and constructors which need a default root window
raise now :exc:`RuntimeError` with descriptive message instead of obscure
:exc:`AttributeError` or :exc:`NameError` if it is not created yet or cannot
be created automatically.

..

.. bpo: 42639
.. date: 2020-12-15-15-14-29
.. nonce: uJ3h8I
.. section: Library

:func:`atexit._run_exitfuncs` now logs callback exceptions using
:data:`sys.unraisablehook`, rather than logging them directly into
:data:`sys.stderr` and raise the last exception.

..

.. bpo: 42644
.. date: 2020-12-15-10-00-04
.. nonce: XgLCNx
.. section: Library

``logging.disable`` will now validate the types and value of its parameter.
It also now accepts strings representing the levels (as does
``loging.setLevel``) instead of only the numerical values.

..

.. bpo: 42639
.. date: 2020-12-14-22-31-22
.. nonce: 5Z3iWX
.. section: Library

At Python exit, if a callback registered with :func:`atexit.register` fails,
its exception is now logged. Previously, only some exceptions were logged,
and the last exception was always silently ignored.

..

.. bpo: 36541
.. date: 2020-12-14-08-23-57
.. nonce: qdEtZv
.. section: Library

Fixed lib2to3.pgen2 to be able to parse PEP-570 positional only argument
syntax.

..

.. bpo: 42382
.. date: 2020-12-13-22-05-35
.. nonce: 2YtKo5
.. section: Library

In ``importlib.metadata``: -  ``EntryPoint`` objects now expose a ``.dist``
object referencing the ``Distribution`` when constructed from a
``Distribution``. - Add support for package discovery under package
normalization rules. - The object returned by ``metadata()`` now has a
formally-defined protocol called ``PackageMetadata`` with declared support
for the ``.get_all()`` method. - Synced with importlib_metadata 3.3.

..

.. bpo: 41877
.. date: 2020-12-10-19-49-52
.. nonce: wiVlPc
.. section: Library

A check is added against misspellings of autospect, auto_spec and set_spec
being passed as arguments to patch, patch.object and create_autospec.

..

.. bpo: 39717
.. date: 2020-12-10-18-36-52
.. nonce: sK2u0w
.. section: Library

[tarfile] update nested exception raising to use ``from None`` or ``from e``

..

.. bpo: 41877
.. date: 2020-12-10-09-24-44
.. nonce: iJSCvM
.. section: Library

AttributeError for suspected misspellings of assertions on mocks are now
pointing out that the cause are misspelled assertions and also what to do if
the misspelling is actually an intended attribute name. The unittest.mock
document is also updated to reflect the current set of recognised
misspellings.

..

.. bpo: 41559
.. date: 2020-12-10-00-09-40
.. nonce: 1l4yjP
.. section: Library

Implemented :pep:`612`: added ``ParamSpec`` and ``Concatenate`` to
:mod:`typing`.  Patch by Ken Jin.

..

.. bpo: 42385
.. date: 2020-12-09-19-45-32
.. nonce: boGbjo
.. section: Library

StrEnum: fix _generate_next_value_ to return a str

..

.. bpo: 31904
.. date: 2020-12-09-15-23-28
.. nonce: g3k5k3
.. section: Library

Define THREAD_STACK_SIZE for VxWorks.

..

.. bpo: 34750
.. date: 2020-12-09-14-15-48
.. nonce: x8TASR
.. section: Library

[Enum] `_EnumDict.update()` is now supported

..

.. bpo: 42517
.. date: 2020-12-09-10-59-16
.. nonce: FKEVcZ
.. section: Library

Enum: private names do not become members / do not generate errors -- they
remain normal attributes

..

.. bpo: 42678
.. date: 2020-12-08-22-43-35
.. nonce: ba9ktU
.. section: Library

``Enum``: call ``__init_subclass__`` after members have been added

..

.. bpo: 28964
.. date: 2020-12-07-13-21-00
.. nonce: UTQikc
.. section: Library

:func:`ast.literal_eval` adds line number information (if available) in
error message for malformed nodes.

..

.. bpo: 42470
.. date: 2020-12-06-12-00-00
.. nonce: iqtC4L
.. section: Library

:func:`random.sample` no longer warns on a sequence which is also a set.

..

.. bpo: 31904
.. date: 2020-11-27-18-09-59
.. nonce: g8k43d
.. section: Library

:func:`posixpath.expanduser` returns the input *path* unchanged if user home
directory is None on VxWorks.

..

.. bpo: 42388
.. date: 2020-11-22-11-22-28
.. nonce: LMgM6B
.. section: Library

Fix subprocess.check_output(..., input=None) behavior when text=True to be
consistent with that of the documentation and universal_newlines=True.

..

.. bpo: 34463
.. date: 2020-11-20-19-00-27
.. nonce: aJcm56
.. section: Library

Fixed discrepancy between :mod:`traceback` and the interpreter in formatting
of SyntaxError with lineno not set (:mod:`traceback` was changed to match
interpreter).

..

.. bpo: 42393
.. date: 2020-11-17-22-06-15
.. nonce: BB0oXc
.. section: Library

Raise :exc:`OverflowError` instead of silent truncation in
:meth:`socket.ntohs` and :meth:`socket.htons`.  Silent truncation was
deprecated in Python 3.7. Patch by Erlend E. Aasland

..

.. bpo: 42222
.. date: 2020-10-31-10-28-32
.. nonce: Cfl1eR
.. section: Library

Harmonized :func:`random.randrange` argument handling to match :func:`range`.

* The integer test and conversion in ``randrange()`` now uses
  :func:`operator.index`.
* Non-integer arguments to ``randrange()`` are deprecated.
* The ``ValueError`` is deprecated in favor of a ``TypeError``.
* It now runs a little faster than before.

(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger and Serhiy Storchaka.)

..

.. bpo: 42163
.. date: 2020-10-29-09-22-56
.. nonce: O4VcCY
.. section: Library

Restore compatibility for ``uname_result`` around deepcopy and _replace.

..

.. bpo: 42090
.. date: 2020-10-25-14-48-57
.. nonce: Ubuc0j
.. section: Library

``zipfile.Path.joinpath`` now accepts arbitrary arguments, same as
``pathlib.Path.joinpath``.

..

.. bpo: 1635741
.. date: 2020-10-20-23-28-55
.. nonce: Iyka3r
.. section: Library

Port the _csv module to the multi-phase initialization API (:pep:`489`).

..

.. bpo: 42059
.. date: 2020-10-17-12-42-08
.. nonce: ZGMZ3D
.. section: Library

:class:`typing.TypedDict` types created using the alternative call-style
syntax now correctly respect the ``total`` keyword argument when setting
their ``__required_keys__`` and ``__optional_keys__`` class attributes.

..

.. bpo: 41960
.. date: 2020-10-06-23-59-20
.. nonce: icQ7Xd
.. section: Library

Add ``globalns`` and ``localns`` parameters to the :func:`inspect.signature`
and :meth:`inspect.Signature.from_callable`.

..

.. bpo: 41907
.. date: 2020-10-02-10-19-49
.. nonce: wiIEsz
.. section: Library

fix ``format()`` behavior for ``IntFlag``

..

.. bpo: 41891
.. date: 2020-09-30-13-35-29
.. nonce: pNAeYI
.. section: Library

Ensure asyncio.wait_for waits for task completion

..

.. bpo: 24792
.. date: 2020-09-11-16-07-00
.. nonce: Z-ARra
.. section: Library

Fixed bug where :mod:`zipimporter` sometimes reports an incorrect cause of
import errors.

..

.. bpo: 31904
.. date: 2020-08-11-17-44-07
.. nonce: cb13ea
.. section: Library

Fix site and sysconfig modules for VxWorks RTOS which has no home
directories.

..

.. bpo: 41462
.. date: 2020-08-03-17-54-32
.. nonce: ek38d_
.. section: Library

Add :func:`os.set_blocking()` support for VxWorks RTOS.

..

.. bpo: 40219
.. date: 2020-07-13-19-43-11
.. nonce: MUoJEP
.. section: Library

Lowered :class:`tkinter.ttk.LabeledScale` dummy widget to prevent hiding
part of the content label.

..

.. bpo: 37193
.. date: 2020-06-12-21-23-20
.. nonce: wJximU
.. section: Library

Fixed memory leak in ``socketserver.ThreadingMixIn`` introduced in Python
3.7.

..

.. bpo: 39068
.. date: 2019-12-16-17-55-31
.. nonce: Ti3f9P
.. section: Library

Fix initialization race condition in :func:`a85encode` and :func:`b85encode`
in :mod:`base64`. Patch by Brandon Stansbury.

..

.. bpo: 17140
.. date: 2020-12-16-21-06-16
.. nonce: 1leSEg
.. section: Documentation

Add documentation for the :class:`multiprocessing.pool.ThreadPool` class.

..

.. bpo: 34398
.. date: 2019-03-04-18-51-21
.. nonce: YedUqW
.. section: Documentation

Prominently feature listings from the glossary in documentation search
results. Patch by Ammar Askar.

..

.. bpo: 42794
.. date: 2021-01-01-08-52-36
.. nonce: -7-XGz
.. section: Tests

Update test_nntplib to use official group name of news.aioe.org for testing.
Patch by Dong-hee Na.

..

.. bpo: 31904
.. date: 2020-12-17-15-42-44
.. nonce: d8g3l0d5
.. section: Tests

Skip some asyncio tests on VxWorks.

..

.. bpo: 42641
.. date: 2020-12-15-17-38-04
.. nonce: uzwlF_
.. section: Tests

Enhance ``test_select.test_select()``: it now takes 500 milliseconds rather than 10
seconds. Use Python rather than a shell to make the test more portable.

..

.. bpo: 31904
.. date: 2020-12-09-15-23-28
.. nonce: ghj38d
.. section: Tests

Skip some tests in _test_all_chown_common() on VxWorks.

..

.. bpo: 42199
.. date: 2020-10-29-21-26-46
.. nonce: KksGCV
.. section: Tests

Fix bytecode helper assertNotInBytecode.

..

.. bpo: 41443
.. date: 2020-07-30-18-43-05
.. nonce: 834gyg
.. section: Tests

Add more attribute checking in test_posix.py

..

.. bpo: 31904
.. date: 2020-07-30-18-06-15
.. nonce: y3d8dk
.. section: Tests

Disable os.popen and impacted tests on VxWorks

..

.. bpo: 41439
.. date: 2020-07-30-14-08-58
.. nonce: yhteoi
.. section: Tests

Port test_ssl and test_uuid to VxWorks RTOS.

..

.. bpo: 42692
.. date: 2021-01-04-05-07-30
.. nonce: OO11SN
.. section: Build

Fix __builtin_available check on older compilers. Patch by Joshua Root.

..

.. bpo: 27640
.. date: 2020-12-22-17-57-04
.. nonce: j3a8r0
.. section: Build

Added ``--disable-test-modules`` option to the ``configure`` script: don't
build nor install test modules. Patch by Xavier de Gaye, Thomas Petazzoni
and Peixing Xin.

..

.. bpo: 42604
.. date: 2020-12-20-02-35-28
.. nonce: gRd89w
.. section: Build

Now all platforms use a value for the &quot;EXT_SUFFIX&quot; build variable derived
from SOABI (for instance in freeBSD, &quot;EXT_SUFFIX&quot; is now &quot;.cpython-310d.so&quot;
instead of &quot;.so&quot;). Previously only Linux, Mac and VxWorks were using a value
for &quot;EXT_SUFFIX&quot; that included &quot;SOABI&quot;.

..

.. bpo: 42598
.. date: 2020-12-13-14-43-10
.. nonce: 7ipr5H
.. section: Build

Fix implicit function declarations in configure which could have resulted in
incorrect configuration checks.  Patch contributed by Joshua Root.

..

.. bpo: 31904
.. date: 2020-12-11-18-04-38
.. nonce: j3j6d8
.. section: Build

Enable libpython3.so for VxWorks.

..

.. bpo: 29076
.. date: 2020-02-28-14-33-15
.. nonce: Gtixi5
.. section: Build

Add fish shell support to macOS installer.

..

.. bpo: 42361
.. date: 2021-01-04-01-17-17
.. nonce: eolZAi
.. section: macOS

Update macOS installer build to use Tcl/Tk 8.6.11 (rc2, expected to be final
release).

..

.. bpo: 41837
.. date: 2021-01-04-00-48-08
.. nonce: dX-unJ
.. section: macOS

Update macOS installer build to use OpenSSL 1.1.1i.

..

.. bpo: 42584
.. date: 2020-12-07-11-37-35
.. nonce: LygmqQ
.. section: macOS

Update macOS installer to use SQLite 3.34.0.

..

.. bpo: 42726
.. date: 2020-12-23-19-42-11
.. nonce: a5EkTv
.. section: Tools/Demos

Fixed Python 3 compatibility issue with gdb/libpython.py handling of
attribute dictionaries.

..

.. bpo: 42613
.. date: 2020-12-16-09-10-32
.. nonce: J-jnm5
.. section: Tools/Demos

Fix ``freeze.py`` tool to use the prope config and library directories.
Patch by Victor Stinner.

..

.. bpo: 42591
.. date: 2020-12-10-10-43-03
.. nonce: CXNY8G
.. section: C API

Export the :c:func:`Py_FrozenMain` function: fix a Python 3.9.0 regression.
Python 3.9 uses ``-fvisibility=hidden`` and the function was not exported
explicitly and so not exported.

..

.. bpo: 32381
.. date: 2020-12-09-00-35-25
.. nonce: Je08Ny
.. section: C API

Remove the private :c:func:`_Py_fopen` function which is no longer needed.
Use :c:func:`_Py_wfopen` or :c:func:`_Py_fopen_obj` instead. Patch by Victor
Stinner.

..

.. bpo: 1635741
.. date: 2020-11-22-13-46-06
.. nonce: -fJLzA
.. section: C API

Port :mod:`resource` extension module to module state

..

.. bpo: 42111
.. date: 2020-10-21-18-43-06
.. nonce: 9pvtrc
.. section: C API

Update the ``xxlimited`` module to be a better example of how to use the
limited C API.

..

.. bpo: 40052
.. date: 2020-03-24-09-27-10
.. nonce: 27P2KG
.. section: C API

Fix an alignment build warning/error in function
``PyVectorcall_Function()``. Patch by Andreas Schneider, Antoine Pitrou and
Petr Viktorin.
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
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