/* Module definition and import implementation */ #include "Python.h" #include "Python-ast.h" #undef Yield /* undefine macro conflicting with winbase.h */ #include "errcode.h" #include "marshal.h" #include "code.h" #include "osdefs.h" #include "importdl.h" #ifdef HAVE_FCNTL_H #include #endif #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif #ifdef MS_WINDOWS /* for stat.st_mode */ typedef unsigned short mode_t; /* for _mkdir */ #include #endif /* Magic word to reject .pyc files generated by other Python versions. It should change for each incompatible change to the bytecode. The value of CR and LF is incorporated so if you ever read or write a .pyc file in text mode the magic number will be wrong; also, the Apple MPW compiler swaps their values, botching string constants. The magic numbers must be spaced apart at least 2 values, as the -U interpeter flag will cause MAGIC+1 being used. They have been odd numbers for some time now. There were a variety of old schemes for setting the magic number. The current working scheme is to increment the previous value by 10. Starting with the adoption of PEP 3147 in Python 3.2, every bump in magic number also includes a new "magic tag", i.e. a human readable string used to represent the magic number in __pycache__ directories. When you change the magic number, you must also set a new unique magic tag. Generally this can be named after the Python major version of the magic number bump, but it can really be anything, as long as it's different than anything else that's come before. The tags are included in the following table, starting with Python 3.2a0. Known values: Python 1.5: 20121 Python 1.5.1: 20121 Python 1.5.2: 20121 Python 1.6: 50428 Python 2.0: 50823 Python 2.0.1: 50823 Python 2.1: 60202 Python 2.1.1: 60202 Python 2.1.2: 60202 Python 2.2: 60717 Python 2.3a0: 62011 Python 2.3a0: 62021 Python 2.3a0: 62011 (!) Python 2.4a0: 62041 Python 2.4a3: 62051 Python 2.4b1: 62061 Python 2.5a0: 62071 Python 2.5a0: 62081 (ast-branch) Python 2.5a0: 62091 (with) Python 2.5a0: 62092 (changed WITH_CLEANUP opcode) Python 2.5b3: 62101 (fix wrong code: for x, in ...) Python 2.5b3: 62111 (fix wrong code: x += yield) Python 2.5c1: 62121 (fix wrong lnotab with for loops and storing constants that should have been removed) Python 2.5c2: 62131 (fix wrong code: for x, in ... in listcomp/genexp) Python 2.6a0: 62151 (peephole optimizations and STORE_MAP opcode) Python 2.6a1: 62161 (WITH_CLEANUP optimization) Python 3000: 3000 3010 (removed UNARY_CONVERT) 3020 (added BUILD_SET) 3030 (added keyword-only parameters) 3040 (added signature annotations) 3050 (print becomes a function) 3060 (PEP 3115 metaclass syntax) 3061 (string literals become unicode) 3071 (PEP 3109 raise changes) 3081 (PEP 3137 make __file__ and __name__ unicode) 3091 (kill str8 interning) 3101 (merge from 2.6a0, see 62151) 3103 (__file__ points to source file) Python 3.0a4: 3111 (WITH_CLEANUP optimization). Python 3.0a5: 3131 (lexical exception stacking, including POP_EXCEPT) Python 3.1a0: 3141 (optimize list, set and dict comprehensions: change LIST_APPEND and SET_ADD, add MAP_ADD) Python 3.1a0: 3151 (optimize conditional branches: introduce POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE and POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE) Python 3.2a0: 3160 (add SETUP_WITH) tag: cpython-32 Python 3.2a1: 3170 (add DUP_TOP_TWO, remove DUP_TOPX and ROT_FOUR) tag: cpython-32 Python 3.2a2 3180 (add DELETE_DEREF) */ /* MAGIC must change whenever the bytecode emitted by the compiler may no longer be understood by older implementations of the eval loop (usually due to the addition of new opcodes) TAG must change for each major Python release. The magic number will take care of any bytecode changes that occur during development. */ #define MAGIC (3180 | ((long)'\r'<<16) | ((long)'\n'<<24)) #define TAG "cpython-32" #define CACHEDIR "__pycache__" /* Current magic word and string tag as globals. */ static long pyc_magic = MAGIC; static const char *pyc_tag = TAG; /* See _PyImport_FixupExtensionUnicode() below */ static PyObject *extensions = NULL; /* This table is defined in config.c: */ extern struct _inittab _PyImport_Inittab[]; /* Method from Parser/tokenizer.c */ extern char * PyTokenizer_FindEncoding(int); struct _inittab *PyImport_Inittab = _PyImport_Inittab; /* these tables define the module suffixes that Python recognizes */ struct filedescr * _PyImport_Filetab = NULL; static const struct filedescr _PyImport_StandardFiletab[] = { {".py", "U", PY_SOURCE}, #ifdef MS_WINDOWS {".pyw", "U", PY_SOURCE}, #endif {".pyc", "rb", PY_COMPILED}, {0, 0} }; /* Initialize things */ void _PyImport_Init(void) { const struct filedescr *scan; struct filedescr *filetab; int countD = 0; int countS = 0; /* prepare _PyImport_Filetab: copy entries from _PyImport_DynLoadFiletab and _PyImport_StandardFiletab. */ #ifdef HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING for (scan = _PyImport_DynLoadFiletab; scan->suffix != NULL; ++scan) ++countD; #endif for (scan = _PyImport_StandardFiletab; scan->suffix != NULL; ++scan) ++countS; filetab = PyMem_NEW(struct filedescr, countD + countS + 1); if (filetab == NULL) Py_FatalError("Can't initialize import file table."); #ifdef HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING memcpy(filetab, _PyImport_DynLoadFiletab, countD * sizeof(struct filedescr)); #endif memcpy(filetab + countD, _PyImport_StandardFiletab, countS * sizeof(struct filedescr)); filetab[countD + countS].suffix = NULL; _PyImport_Filetab = filetab; if (Py_OptimizeFlag) { /* Replace ".pyc" with ".pyo" in _PyImport_Filetab */ for (; filetab->suffix != NULL; filetab++) { if (strcmp(filetab->suffix, ".pyc") == 0) filetab->suffix = ".pyo"; } } } void _PyImportHooks_Init(void) { PyObject *v, *path_hooks = NULL, *zimpimport; int err = 0; /* adding sys.path_hooks and sys.path_importer_cache, setting up zipimport */ if (PyType_Ready(&PyNullImporter_Type) < 0) goto error; if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr("# installing zipimport hook\n"); v = PyList_New(0); if (v == NULL) goto error; err = PySys_SetObject("meta_path", v); Py_DECREF(v); if (err) goto error; v = PyDict_New(); if (v == NULL) goto error; err = PySys_SetObject("path_importer_cache", v); Py_DECREF(v); if (err) goto error; path_hooks = PyList_New(0); if (path_hooks == NULL) goto error; err = PySys_SetObject("path_hooks", path_hooks); if (err) { error: PyErr_Print(); Py_FatalError("initializing sys.meta_path, sys.path_hooks, " "path_importer_cache, or NullImporter failed" ); } zimpimport = PyImport_ImportModule("zipimport"); if (zimpimport == NULL) { PyErr_Clear(); /* No zip import module -- okay */ if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr("# can't import zipimport\n"); } else { PyObject *zipimporter = PyObject_GetAttrString(zimpimport, "zipimporter"); Py_DECREF(zimpimport); if (zipimporter == NULL) { PyErr_Clear(); /* No zipimporter object -- okay */ if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr( "# can't import zipimport.zipimporter\n"); } else { /* sys.path_hooks.append(zipimporter) */ err = PyList_Append(path_hooks, zipimporter); Py_DECREF(zipimporter); if (err) goto error; if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr( "# installed zipimport hook\n"); } } Py_DECREF(path_hooks); } void _PyImport_Fini(void) { Py_XDECREF(extensions); extensions = NULL; PyMem_DEL(_PyImport_Filetab); _PyImport_Filetab = NULL; } /* Locking primitives to prevent parallel imports of the same module in different threads to return with a partially loaded module. These calls are serialized by the global interpreter lock. */ #ifdef WITH_THREAD #include "pythread.h" static PyThread_type_lock import_lock = 0; static long import_lock_thread = -1; static int import_lock_level = 0; void _PyImport_AcquireLock(void) { long me = PyThread_get_thread_ident(); if (me == -1) return; /* Too bad */ if (import_lock == NULL) { import_lock = PyThread_allocate_lock(); if (import_lock == NULL) return; /* Nothing much we can do. */ } if (import_lock_thread == me) { import_lock_level++; return; } if (import_lock_thread != -1 || !PyThread_acquire_lock(import_lock, 0)) { PyThreadState *tstate = PyEval_SaveThread(); PyThread_acquire_lock(import_lock, 1); PyEval_RestoreThread(tstate); } import_lock_thread = me; import_lock_level = 1; } int _PyImport_ReleaseLock(void) { long me = PyThread_get_thread_ident(); if (me == -1 || import_lock == NULL) return 0; /* Too bad */ if (import_lock_thread != me) return -1; import_lock_level--; if (import_lock_level == 0) { import_lock_thread = -1; PyThread_release_lock(import_lock); } return 1; } /* This function is called from PyOS_AfterFork to ensure that newly created child processes do not share locks with the parent. We now acquire the import lock around fork() calls but on some platforms (Solaris 9 and earlier? see isue7242) that still left us with problems. */ void _PyImport_ReInitLock(void) { if (import_lock != NULL) import_lock = PyThread_allocate_lock(); if (import_lock_level > 1) { /* Forked as a side effect of import */ long me = PyThread_get_thread_ident(); PyThread_acquire_lock(import_lock, 0); /* XXX: can the previous line fail? */ import_lock_thread = me; import_lock_level--; } else { import_lock_thread = -1; import_lock_level = 0; } } #endif static PyObject * imp_lock_held(PyObject *self, PyObject *noargs) { #ifdef WITH_THREAD return PyBool_FromLong(import_lock_thread != -1); #else return PyBool_FromLong(0); #endif } static PyObject * imp_acquire_lock(PyObject *self, PyObject *noargs) { #ifdef WITH_THREAD _PyImport_AcquireLock(); #endif Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } static PyObject * imp_release_lock(PyObject *self, PyObject *noargs) { #ifdef WITH_THREAD if (_PyImport_ReleaseLock() < 0) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "not holding the import lock"); return NULL; } #endif Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } static void imp_modules_reloading_clear(void) { PyInterpreterState *interp = PyThreadState_Get()->interp; if (interp->modules_reloading != NULL) PyDict_Clear(interp->modules_reloading); } /* Helper for sys */ PyObject * PyImport_GetModuleDict(void) { PyInterpreterState *interp = PyThreadState_GET()->interp; if (interp->modules == NULL) Py_FatalError("PyImport_GetModuleDict: no module dictionary!"); return interp->modules; } /* List of names to clear in sys */ static char* sys_deletes[] = { "path", "argv", "ps1", "ps2", "last_type", "last_value", "last_traceback", "path_hooks", "path_importer_cache", "meta_path", /* misc stuff */ "flags", "float_info", NULL }; static char* sys_files[] = { "stdin", "__stdin__", "stdout", "__stdout__", "stderr", "__stderr__", NULL }; /* Un-initialize things, as good as we can */ void PyImport_Cleanup(void) { Py_ssize_t pos, ndone; char *name; PyObject *key, *value, *dict; PyInterpreterState *interp = PyThreadState_GET()->interp; PyObject *modules = interp->modules; if (modules == NULL) return; /* Already done */ /* Delete some special variables first. These are common places where user values hide and people complain when their destructors fail. Since the modules containing them are deleted *last* of all, they would come too late in the normal destruction order. Sigh. */ value = PyDict_GetItemString(modules, "builtins"); if (value != NULL && PyModule_Check(value)) { dict = PyModule_GetDict(value); if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr("# clear builtins._\n"); PyDict_SetItemString(dict, "_", Py_None); } value = PyDict_GetItemString(modules, "sys"); if (value != NULL && PyModule_Check(value)) { char **p; PyObject *v; dict = PyModule_GetDict(value); for (p = sys_deletes; *p != NULL; p++) { if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr("# clear sys.%s\n", *p); PyDict_SetItemString(dict, *p, Py_None); } for (p = sys_files; *p != NULL; p+=2) { if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr("# restore sys.%s\n", *p); v = PyDict_GetItemString(dict, *(p+1)); if (v == NULL) v = Py_None; PyDict_SetItemString(dict, *p, v); } } /* First, delete __main__ */ value = PyDict_GetItemString(modules, "__main__"); if (value != NULL && PyModule_Check(value)) { if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr("# cleanup __main__\n"); _PyModule_Clear(value); PyDict_SetItemString(modules, "__main__", Py_None); } /* The special treatment of "builtins" here is because even when it's not referenced as a module, its dictionary is referenced by almost every module's __builtins__. Since deleting a module clears its dictionary (even if there are references left to it), we need to delete the "builtins" module last. Likewise, we don't delete sys until the very end because it is implicitly referenced (e.g. by print). Also note that we 'delete' modules by replacing their entry in the modules dict with None, rather than really deleting them; this avoids a rehash of the modules dictionary and also marks them as "non existent" so they won't be re-imported. */ /* Next, repeatedly delete modules with a reference count of one (skipping builtins and sys) and delete them */ do { ndone = 0; pos = 0; while (PyDict_Next(modules, &pos, &key, &value)) { if (value->ob_refcnt != 1) continue; if (PyUnicode_Check(key) && PyModule_Check(value)) { name = _PyUnicode_AsString(key); if (strcmp(name, "builtins") == 0) continue; if (strcmp(name, "sys") == 0) continue; if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr( "# cleanup[1] %s\n", name); _PyModule_Clear(value); PyDict_SetItem(modules, key, Py_None); ndone++; } } } while (ndone > 0); /* Next, delete all modules (still skipping builtins and sys) */ pos = 0; while (PyDict_Next(modules, &pos, &key, &value)) { if (PyUnicode_Check(key) && PyModule_Check(value)) { name = _PyUnicode_AsString(key); if (strcmp(name, "builtins") == 0) continue; if (strcmp(name, "sys") == 0) continue; if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr("# cleanup[2] %s\n", name); _PyModule_Clear(value); PyDict_SetItem(modules, key, Py_None); } } /* Next, delete sys and builtins (in that order) */ value = PyDict_GetItemString(modules, "sys"); if (value != NULL && PyModule_Check(value)) { if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr("# cleanup sys\n"); _PyModule_Clear(value); PyDict_SetItemString(modules, "sys", Py_None); } value = PyDict_GetItemString(modules, "builtins"); if (value != NULL && PyModule_Check(value)) { if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr("# cleanup builtins\n"); _PyModule_Clear(value); PyDict_SetItemString(modules, "builtins", Py_None); } /* Finally, clear and delete the modules directory */ PyDict_Clear(modules); interp->modules = NULL; Py_DECREF(modules); Py_CLEAR(interp->modules_reloading); } /* Helper for pythonrun.c -- return magic number and tag. */ long PyImport_GetMagicNumber(void) { return pyc_magic; } const char * PyImport_GetMagicTag(void) { return pyc_tag; } /* Magic for extension modules (built-in as well as dynamically loaded). To prevent initializing an extension module more than once, we keep a static dictionary 'extensions' keyed by module name (for built-in modules) or by filename (for dynamically loaded modules), containing these modules. A copy of the module's dictionary is stored by calling _PyImport_FixupExtensionUnicode() immediately after the module initialization function succeeds. A copy can be retrieved from there by calling _PyImport_FindExtensionUnicode(). Modules which do support multiple initialization set their m_size field to a non-negative number (indicating the size of the module-specific state). They are still recorded in the extensions dictionary, to avoid loading shared libraries twice. */ int _PyImport_FixupExtensionUnicode(PyObject *mod, char *name, PyObject *filename) { PyObject *modules, *dict; struct PyModuleDef *def; if (extensions == NULL) { extensions = PyDict_New(); if (extensions == NULL) return -1; } if (mod == NULL || !PyModule_Check(mod)) { PyErr_BadInternalCall(); return -1; } def = PyModule_GetDef(mod); if (!def) { PyErr_BadInternalCall(); return -1; } modules = PyImport_GetModuleDict(); if (PyDict_SetItemString(modules, name, mod) < 0) return -1; if (_PyState_AddModule(mod, def) < 0) { PyDict_DelItemString(modules, name); return -1; } if (def->m_size == -1) { if (def->m_base.m_copy) { /* Somebody already imported the module, likely under a different name. XXX this should really not happen. */ Py_DECREF(def->m_base.m_copy); def->m_base.m_copy = NULL; } dict = PyModule_GetDict(mod); if (dict == NULL) return -1; def->m_base.m_copy = PyDict_Copy(dict); if (def->m_base.m_copy == NULL) return -1; } PyDict_SetItem(extensions, filename, (PyObject*)def); return 0; } int _PyImport_FixupBuiltin(PyObject *mod, char *name) { int res; PyObject *filename; filename = PyUnicode_FromString(name); if (filename == NULL) return -1; res = _PyImport_FixupExtensionUnicode(mod, name, filename); Py_DECREF(filename); return res; } PyObject * _PyImport_FindExtensionUnicode(char *name, PyObject *filename) { PyObject *mod, *mdict; PyModuleDef* def; if (extensions == NULL) return NULL; def = (PyModuleDef*)PyDict_GetItem(extensions, filename); if (def == NULL) return NULL; if (def->m_size == -1) { /* Module does not support repeated initialization */ if (def->m_base.m_copy == NULL) return NULL; mod = PyImport_AddModule(name); if (mod == NULL) return NULL; mdict = PyModule_GetDict(mod); if (mdict == NULL) return NULL; if (PyDict_Update(mdict, def->m_base.m_copy)) return NULL; } else { if (def->m_base.m_init == NULL) return NULL; mod = def->m_base.m_init(); if (mod == NULL) return NULL; PyDict_SetItemString(PyImport_GetModuleDict(), name, mod); Py_DECREF(mod); } if (_PyState_AddModule(mod, def) < 0) { PyDict_DelItemString(PyImport_GetModuleDict(), name); Py_DECREF(mod); return NULL; } if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_FormatStderr("import %s # previously loaded (%U)\n", name, filename); return mod; } PyObject * _PyImport_FindBuiltin(char *name) { PyObject *res, *filename; filename = PyUnicode_FromString(name); if (filename == NULL) return NULL; res = _PyImport_FindExtensionUnicode(name, filename); Py_DECREF(filename); return res; } /* Get the module object corresponding to a module name. First check the modules dictionary if there's one there, if not, create a new one and insert it in the modules dictionary. Because the former action is most common, THIS DOES NOT RETURN A 'NEW' REFERENCE! */ PyObject * PyImport_AddModule(const char *name) { PyObject *modules = PyImport_GetModuleDict(); PyObject *m; if ((m = PyDict_GetItemString(modules, name)) != NULL && PyModule_Check(m)) return m; m = PyModule_New(name); if (m == NULL) return NULL; if (PyDict_SetItemString(modules, name, m) != 0) { Py_DECREF(m); return NULL; } Py_DECREF(m); /* Yes, it still exists, in modules! */ return m; } /* Remove name from sys.modules, if it's there. */ static void remove_module(const char *name) { PyObject *modules = PyImport_GetModuleDict(); if (PyDict_GetItemString(modules, name) == NULL) return; if (PyDict_DelItemString(modules, name) < 0) Py_FatalError("import: deleting existing key in" "sys.modules failed"); } static PyObject * get_sourcefile(char *file); static char *make_source_pathname(char *pathname, char *buf); static char *make_compiled_pathname(char *pathname, char *buf, size_t buflen, int debug); /* Execute a code object in a module and return the module object * WITH INCREMENTED REFERENCE COUNT. If an error occurs, name is * removed from sys.modules, to avoid leaving damaged module objects * in sys.modules. The caller may wish to restore the original * module object (if any) in this case; PyImport_ReloadModule is an * example. * * Note that PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames() is the preferred, richer * interface. The other two exist primarily for backward compatibility. */ PyObject * PyImport_ExecCodeModule(char *name, PyObject *co) { return PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames( name, co, (char *)NULL, (char *)NULL); } PyObject * PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx(char *name, PyObject *co, char *pathname) { return PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames( name, co, pathname, (char *)NULL); } PyObject * PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames(char *name, PyObject *co, char *pathname, char *cpathname) { PyObject *modules = PyImport_GetModuleDict(); PyObject *m, *d, *v; m = PyImport_AddModule(name); if (m == NULL) return NULL; /* If the module is being reloaded, we get the old module back and re-use its dict to exec the new code. */ d = PyModule_GetDict(m); if (PyDict_GetItemString(d, "__builtins__") == NULL) { if (PyDict_SetItemString(d, "__builtins__", PyEval_GetBuiltins()) != 0) goto error; } /* Remember the filename as the __file__ attribute */ v = NULL; if (pathname != NULL) { v = get_sourcefile(pathname); if (v == NULL) PyErr_Clear(); } if (v == NULL) { v = ((PyCodeObject *)co)->co_filename; Py_INCREF(v); } if (PyDict_SetItemString(d, "__file__", v) != 0) PyErr_Clear(); /* Not important enough to report */ Py_DECREF(v); /* Remember the pyc path name as the __cached__ attribute. */ if (cpathname == NULL) { v = Py_None; Py_INCREF(v); } else if ((v = PyUnicode_FromString(cpathname)) == NULL) { PyErr_Clear(); /* Not important enough to report */ v = Py_None; Py_INCREF(v); } if (PyDict_SetItemString(d, "__cached__", v) != 0) PyErr_Clear(); /* Not important enough to report */ Py_DECREF(v); v = PyEval_EvalCode(co, d, d); if (v == NULL) goto error; Py_DECREF(v); if ((m = PyDict_GetItemString(modules, name)) == NULL) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_ImportError, "Loaded module %.200s not found in sys.modules", name); return NULL; } Py_INCREF(m); return m; error: remove_module(name); return NULL; } /* Like strrchr(string, '/') but searches for the rightmost of either SEP or ALTSEP, if the latter is defined. */ static char * rightmost_sep(char *s) { char *found, c; for (found = NULL; (c = *s); s++) { if (c == SEP #ifdef ALTSEP || c == ALTSEP #endif ) { found = s; } } return found; } /* Given a pathname for a Python source file, fill a buffer with the pathname for the corresponding compiled file. Return the pathname for the compiled file, or NULL if there's no space in the buffer. Doesn't set an exception. */ static char * make_compiled_pathname(char *pathname, char *buf, size_t buflen, int debug) { /* foo.py -> __pycache__/foo..pyc */ size_t len = strlen(pathname); size_t i, save; char *pos; int sep = SEP; /* Sanity check that the buffer has roughly enough space to hold what will eventually be the full path to the compiled file. The 5 extra bytes include the slash afer __pycache__, the two extra dots, the extra trailing character ('c' or 'o') and null. This isn't exact because the contents of the buffer can affect how many actual characters of the string get into the buffer. We'll do a final sanity check before writing the extension to ensure we do not overflow the buffer. */ if (len + strlen(CACHEDIR) + strlen(pyc_tag) + 5 > buflen) return NULL; /* Find the last path separator and copy everything from the start of the source string up to and including the separator. */ if ((pos = rightmost_sep(pathname)) == NULL) { i = 0; } else { sep = *pos; i = pos - pathname + 1; strncpy(buf, pathname, i); } save = i; buf[i++] = '\0'; /* Add __pycache__/ */ strcat(buf, CACHEDIR); i += strlen(CACHEDIR) - 1; buf[i++] = sep; buf[i++] = '\0'; /* Add the base filename, but remove the .py or .pyw extension, since the tag name must go before the extension. */ strcat(buf, pathname + save); if ((pos = strrchr(buf, '.')) != NULL) *++pos = '\0'; strcat(buf, pyc_tag); /* The length test above assumes that we're only adding one character to the end of what would normally be the extension. What if there is no extension, or the string ends in '.' or '.p', and otherwise fills the buffer? By appending 4 more characters onto the string here, we could overrun the buffer. As a simple example, let's say buflen=32 and the input string is 'xxx.py'. strlen() would be 6 and the test above would yield: (6 + 11 + 10 + 5 == 32) > 32 which is false and so the name mangling would continue. This would be fine because we'd end up with this string in buf: __pycache__/xxx.cpython-32.pyc\0 strlen(of that) == 30 + the nul fits inside a 32 character buffer. We can even handle an input string of say 'xxxxx' above because that's (5 + 11 + 10 + 5 == 31) > 32 which is also false. Name mangling that yields: __pycache__/xxxxxcpython-32.pyc\0 which is 32 characters including the nul, and thus fits in the buffer. However, an input string of 'xxxxxx' would yield a result string of: __pycache__/xxxxxxcpython-32.pyc\0 which is 33 characters long (including the nul), thus overflowing the buffer, even though the first test would fail, i.e.: the input string is also 6 characters long, so 32 > 32 is false. The reason the first test fails but we still overflow the buffer is that the test above only expects to add one extra character to be added to the extension, and here we're adding three (pyc). We don't add the first dot, so that reclaims one of expected positions, leaving us overflowing by 1 byte (3 extra - 1 reclaimed dot - 1 expected extra == 1 overflowed). The best we can do is ensure that we still have enough room in the target buffer before we write the extension. Because it's always only the extension that can cause the overflow, and never the other path bytes we've written, it's sufficient to just do one more test here. Still, the assertion that follows can't hurt. */ #if 0 printf("strlen(buf): %d; buflen: %d\n", (int)strlen(buf), (int)buflen); #endif if (strlen(buf) + 5 > buflen) return NULL; strcat(buf, debug ? ".pyc" : ".pyo"); assert(strlen(buf) < buflen); return buf; } /* Given a pathname to a Python byte compiled file, return the path to the source file, if the path matches the PEP 3147 format. This does not check for any file existence, however, if the pyc file name does not match PEP 3147 style, NULL is returned. buf must be at least as big as pathname; the resulting path will always be shorter. */ static char * make_source_pathname(char *pathname, char *buf) { /* __pycache__/foo..pyc -> foo.py */ size_t i, j; char *left, *right, *dot0, *dot1, sep; /* Look back two slashes from the end. In between these two slashes must be the string __pycache__ or this is not a PEP 3147 style path. It's possible for there to be only one slash. */ if ((right = rightmost_sep(pathname)) == NULL) return NULL; sep = *right; *right = '\0'; left = rightmost_sep(pathname); *right = sep; if (left == NULL) left = pathname; else left++; if (right-left != strlen(CACHEDIR) || strncmp(left, CACHEDIR, right-left) != 0) return NULL; /* Now verify that the path component to the right of the last slash has two dots in it. */ if ((dot0 = strchr(right + 1, '.')) == NULL) return NULL; if ((dot1 = strchr(dot0 + 1, '.')) == NULL) return NULL; /* Too many dots? */ if (strchr(dot1 + 1, '.') != NULL) return NULL; /* This is a PEP 3147 path. Start by copying everything from the start of pathname up to and including the leftmost slash. Then copy the file's basename, removing the magic tag and adding a .py suffix. */ strncpy(buf, pathname, (i=left-pathname)); strncpy(buf+i, right+1, (j=dot0-right)); strcpy(buf+i+j, "py"); return buf; } /* Given a pathname for a Python source file, its time of last modification, and a pathname for a compiled file, check whether the compiled file represents the same version of the source. If so, return a FILE pointer for the compiled file, positioned just after the header; if not, return NULL. Doesn't set an exception. */ static FILE * check_compiled_module(char *pathname, time_t mtime, char *cpathname) { FILE *fp; long magic; long pyc_mtime; fp = fopen(cpathname, "rb"); if (fp == NULL) return NULL; magic = PyMarshal_ReadLongFromFile(fp); if (magic != pyc_magic) { if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr("# %s has bad magic\n", cpathname); fclose(fp); return NULL; } pyc_mtime = PyMarshal_ReadLongFromFile(fp); if (pyc_mtime != mtime) { if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr("# %s has bad mtime\n", cpathname); fclose(fp); return NULL; } if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr("# %s matches %s\n", cpathname, pathname); return fp; } /* Read a code object from a file and check it for validity */ static PyCodeObject * read_compiled_module(char *cpathname, FILE *fp) { PyObject *co; co = PyMarshal_ReadLastObjectFromFile(fp); if (co == NULL) return NULL; if (!PyCode_Check(co)) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_ImportError, "Non-code object in %.200s", cpathname); Py_DECREF(co); return NULL; } return (PyCodeObject *)co; } /* Load a module from a compiled file, execute it, and return its module object WITH INCREMENTED REFERENCE COUNT */ static PyObject * load_compiled_module(char *name, char *cpathname, FILE *fp) { long magic; PyCodeObject *co; PyObject *m; magic = PyMarshal_ReadLongFromFile(fp); if (magic != pyc_magic) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_ImportError, "Bad magic number in %.200s", cpathname); return NULL; } (void) PyMarshal_ReadLongFromFile(fp); co = read_compiled_module(cpathname, fp); if (co == NULL) return NULL; if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr("import %s # precompiled from %s\n", name, cpathname); m = PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames( name, (PyObject *)co, cpathname, cpathname); Py_DECREF(co); return m; } /* Parse a source file and return the corresponding code object */ static PyCodeObject * parse_source_module(const char *pathname, FILE *fp) { PyCodeObject *co = NULL; mod_ty mod; PyCompilerFlags flags; PyArena *arena = PyArena_New(); if (arena == NULL) return NULL; flags.cf_flags = 0; mod = PyParser_ASTFromFile(fp, pathname, NULL, Py_file_input, 0, 0, &flags, NULL, arena); if (mod) { co = PyAST_Compile(mod, pathname, NULL, arena); } PyArena_Free(arena); return co; } /* Helper to open a bytecode file for writing in exclusive mode */ static FILE * open_exclusive(char *filename, mode_t mode) { #if defined(O_EXCL)&&defined(O_CREAT)&&defined(O_WRONLY)&&defined(O_TRUNC) /* Use O_EXCL to avoid a race condition when another process tries to write the same file. When that happens, our open() call fails, which is just fine (since it's only a cache). XXX If the file exists and is writable but the directory is not writable, the file will never be written. Oh well. */ int fd; (void) unlink(filename); fd = open(filename, O_EXCL|O_CREAT|O_WRONLY|O_TRUNC #ifdef O_BINARY |O_BINARY /* necessary for Windows */ #endif #ifdef __VMS , mode, "ctxt=bin", "shr=nil" #else , mode #endif ); if (fd < 0) return NULL; return fdopen(fd, "wb"); #else /* Best we can do -- on Windows this can't happen anyway */ return fopen(filename, "wb"); #endif } /* Write a compiled module to a file, placing the time of last modification of its source into the header. Errors are ignored, if a write error occurs an attempt is made to remove the file. */ static void write_compiled_module(PyCodeObject *co, char *cpathname, struct stat *srcstat) { FILE *fp; char *dirpath; time_t mtime = srcstat->st_mtime; #ifdef MS_WINDOWS /* since Windows uses different permissions */ mode_t mode = srcstat->st_mode & ~S_IEXEC; #else mode_t mode = srcstat->st_mode & ~S_IXUSR & ~S_IXGRP & ~S_IXOTH; mode_t dirmode = (srcstat->st_mode | S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH | S_IWUSR | S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH); #endif int saved; /* Ensure that the __pycache__ directory exists. */ dirpath = rightmost_sep(cpathname); if (dirpath == NULL) { if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr( "# no %s path found %s\n", CACHEDIR, cpathname); return; } saved = *dirpath; *dirpath = '\0'; #ifdef MS_WINDOWS if (_mkdir(cpathname) < 0 && errno != EEXIST) { #else if (mkdir(cpathname, dirmode) < 0 && errno != EEXIST) { #endif *dirpath = saved; if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr( "# cannot create cache dir %s\n", cpathname); return; } *dirpath = saved; fp = open_exclusive(cpathname, mode); if (fp == NULL) { if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr( "# can't create %s\n", cpathname); return; } PyMarshal_WriteLongToFile(pyc_magic, fp, Py_MARSHAL_VERSION); /* First write a 0 for mtime */ PyMarshal_WriteLongToFile(0L, fp, Py_MARSHAL_VERSION); PyMarshal_WriteObjectToFile((PyObject *)co, fp, Py_MARSHAL_VERSION); if (fflush(fp) != 0 || ferror(fp)) { if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr("# can't write %s\n", cpathname); /* Don't keep partial file */ fclose(fp); (void) unlink(cpathname); return; } /* Now write the true mtime */ fseek(fp, 4L, 0); assert(mtime < LONG_MAX); PyMarshal_WriteLongToFile((long)mtime, fp, Py_MARSHAL_VERSION); fflush(fp); fclose(fp); if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr("# wrote %s\n", cpathname); } static void update_code_filenames(PyCodeObject *co, PyObject *oldname, PyObject *newname) { PyObject *constants, *tmp; Py_ssize_t i, n; if (PyUnicode_Compare(co->co_filename, oldname)) return; tmp = co->co_filename; co->co_filename = newname; Py_INCREF(co->co_filename); Py_DECREF(tmp); constants = co->co_consts; n = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(constants); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { tmp = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(constants, i); if (PyCode_Check(tmp)) update_code_filenames((PyCodeObject *)tmp, oldname, newname); } } static int update_compiled_module(PyCodeObject *co, char *pathname) { PyObject *oldname, *newname; newname = PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(pathname); if (newname == NULL) return -1; if (!PyUnicode_Compare(co->co_filename, newname)) { Py_DECREF(newname); return 0; } oldname = co->co_filename; Py_INCREF(oldname); update_code_filenames(co, oldname, newname); Py_DECREF(oldname); Py_DECREF(newname); return 1; } /* Load a source module from a given file and return its module object WITH INCREMENTED REFERENCE COUNT. If there's a matching byte-compiled file, use that instead. */ static PyObject * load_source_module(char *name, char *pathname, FILE *fp) { struct stat st; FILE *fpc; char buf[MAXPATHLEN+1]; char *cpathname; PyCodeObject *co; PyObject *m; if (fstat(fileno(fp), &st) != 0) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError, "unable to get file status from '%s'", pathname); return NULL; } #if SIZEOF_TIME_T > 4 /* Python's .pyc timestamp handling presumes that the timestamp fits in 4 bytes. This will be fine until sometime in the year 2038, when a 4-byte signed time_t will overflow. */ if (st.st_mtime >> 32) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "modification time overflows a 4 byte field"); return NULL; } #endif cpathname = make_compiled_pathname( pathname, buf, (size_t)MAXPATHLEN + 1, !Py_OptimizeFlag); if (cpathname != NULL && (fpc = check_compiled_module(pathname, st.st_mtime, cpathname))) { co = read_compiled_module(cpathname, fpc); fclose(fpc); if (co == NULL) return NULL; if (update_compiled_module(co, pathname) < 0) return NULL; if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr("import %s # precompiled from %s\n", name, cpathname); pathname = cpathname; } else { co = parse_source_module(pathname, fp); if (co == NULL) return NULL; if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr("import %s # from %s\n", name, pathname); if (cpathname) { PyObject *ro = PySys_GetObject("dont_write_bytecode"); if (ro == NULL || !PyObject_IsTrue(ro)) write_compiled_module(co, cpathname, &st); } } m = PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames( name, (PyObject *)co, pathname, cpathname); Py_DECREF(co); return m; } /* Get source file -> unicode or None * Returns the path to the py file if available, else the given path */ static PyObject * get_sourcefile(char *file) { char py[MAXPATHLEN + 1]; Py_ssize_t len; PyObject *u; struct stat statbuf; if (!file || !*file) { Py_RETURN_NONE; } len = strlen(file); /* match '*.py?' */ if (len > MAXPATHLEN || PyOS_strnicmp(&file[len-4], ".py", 3) != 0) { return PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(file); } /* Start by trying to turn PEP 3147 path into source path. If that * fails, just chop off the trailing character, i.e. legacy pyc path * to py. */ if (make_source_pathname(file, py) == NULL) { strncpy(py, file, len-1); py[len-1] = '\0'; } if (stat(py, &statbuf) == 0 && S_ISREG(statbuf.st_mode)) { u = PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(py); } else { u = PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(file); } return u; } /* Forward */ static PyObject *load_module(char *, FILE *, char *, int, PyObject *); static struct filedescr *find_module(char *, char *, PyObject *, char *, size_t, FILE **, PyObject **); static struct _frozen * find_frozen(char *); /* Load a package and return its module object WITH INCREMENTED REFERENCE COUNT */ static PyObject * load_package(char *name, char *pathname) { PyObject *m, *d; PyObject *file = NULL; PyObject *path = NULL; int err; char buf[MAXPATHLEN+1]; FILE *fp = NULL; struct filedescr *fdp; m = PyImport_AddModule(name); if (m == NULL) return NULL; if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr("import %s # directory %s\n", name, pathname); d = PyModule_GetDict(m); file = get_sourcefile(pathname); if (file == NULL) goto error; path = Py_BuildValue("[O]", file); if (path == NULL) goto error; err = PyDict_SetItemString(d, "__file__", file); if (err == 0) err = PyDict_SetItemString(d, "__path__", path); if (err != 0) goto error; buf[0] = '\0'; fdp = find_module(name, "__init__", path, buf, sizeof(buf), &fp, NULL); if (fdp == NULL) { if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_ImportError)) { PyErr_Clear(); Py_INCREF(m); } else m = NULL; goto cleanup; } m = load_module(name, fp, buf, fdp->type, NULL); if (fp != NULL) fclose(fp); goto cleanup; error: m = NULL; cleanup: Py_XDECREF(path); Py_XDECREF(file); return m; } /* Helper to test for built-in module */ static int is_builtin(char *name) { int i; for (i = 0; PyImport_Inittab[i].name != NULL; i++) { if (strcmp(name, PyImport_Inittab[i].name) == 0) { if (PyImport_Inittab[i].initfunc == NULL) return -1; else return 1; } } return 0; } /* Return an importer object for a sys.path/pkg.__path__ item 'p', possibly by fetching it from the path_importer_cache dict. If it wasn't yet cached, traverse path_hooks until a hook is found that can handle the path item. Return None if no hook could; this tells our caller it should fall back to the builtin import mechanism. Cache the result in path_importer_cache. Returns a borrowed reference. */ static PyObject * get_path_importer(PyObject *path_importer_cache, PyObject *path_hooks, PyObject *p) { PyObject *importer; Py_ssize_t j, nhooks; /* These conditions are the caller's responsibility: */ assert(PyList_Check(path_hooks)); assert(PyDict_Check(path_importer_cache)); nhooks = PyList_Size(path_hooks); if (nhooks < 0) return NULL; /* Shouldn't happen */ importer = PyDict_GetItem(path_importer_cache, p); if (importer != NULL) return importer; /* set path_importer_cache[p] to None to avoid recursion */ if (PyDict_SetItem(path_importer_cache, p, Py_None) != 0) return NULL; for (j = 0; j < nhooks; j++) { PyObject *hook = PyList_GetItem(path_hooks, j); if (hook == NULL) return NULL; importer = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(hook, p, NULL); if (importer != NULL) break; if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_ImportError)) { return NULL; } PyErr_Clear(); } if (importer == NULL) { importer = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs( (PyObject *)&PyNullImporter_Type, p, NULL ); if (importer == NULL) { if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_ImportError)) { PyErr_Clear(); return Py_None; } } } if (importer != NULL) { int err = PyDict_SetItem(path_importer_cache, p, importer); Py_DECREF(importer); if (err != 0) return NULL; } return importer; } PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyImport_GetImporter(PyObject *path) { PyObject *importer=NULL, *path_importer_cache=NULL, *path_hooks=NULL; if ((path_importer_cache = PySys_GetObject("path_importer_cache"))) { if ((path_hooks = PySys_GetObject("path_hooks"))) { importer = get_path_importer(path_importer_cache, path_hooks, path); } } Py_XINCREF(importer); /* get_path_importer returns a borrowed reference */ return importer; } /* Search the path (default sys.path) for a module. Return the corresponding filedescr struct, and (via return arguments) the pathname and an open file. Return NULL if the module is not found. */ #ifdef MS_COREDLL extern FILE *PyWin_FindRegisteredModule(const char *, struct filedescr **, char *, Py_ssize_t); #endif static int case_ok(char *, Py_ssize_t, Py_ssize_t, char *); static int find_init_module(char *); /* Forward */ static struct filedescr importhookdescr = {"", "", IMP_HOOK}; static struct filedescr * find_module(char *fullname, char *subname, PyObject *path, char *buf, size_t buflen, FILE **p_fp, PyObject **p_loader) { Py_ssize_t i, npath; size_t len, namelen; struct filedescr *fdp = NULL; char *filemode; FILE *fp = NULL; PyObject *path_hooks, *path_importer_cache; struct stat statbuf; static struct filedescr fd_frozen = {"", "", PY_FROZEN}; static struct filedescr fd_builtin = {"", "", C_BUILTIN}; static struct filedescr fd_package = {"", "", PKG_DIRECTORY}; char name[MAXPATHLEN+1]; #if defined(PYOS_OS2) size_t saved_len; size_t saved_namelen; char *saved_buf = NULL; #endif if (p_loader != NULL) *p_loader = NULL; if (strlen(subname) > MAXPATHLEN) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError, "module name is too long"); return NULL; } strcpy(name, subname); /* sys.meta_path import hook */ if (p_loader != NULL) { PyObject *meta_path; meta_path = PySys_GetObject("meta_path"); if (meta_path == NULL || !PyList_Check(meta_path)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, "sys.meta_path must be a list of " "import hooks"); return NULL; } Py_INCREF(meta_path); /* zap guard */ npath = PyList_Size(meta_path); for (i = 0; i < npath; i++) { PyObject *loader; PyObject *hook = PyList_GetItem(meta_path, i); loader = PyObject_CallMethod(hook, "find_module", "sO", fullname, path != NULL ? path : Py_None); if (loader == NULL) { Py_DECREF(meta_path); return NULL; /* true error */ } if (loader != Py_None) { /* a loader was found */ *p_loader = loader; Py_DECREF(meta_path); return &importhookdescr; } Py_DECREF(loader); } Py_DECREF(meta_path); } if (find_frozen(fullname) != NULL) { strcpy(buf, fullname); return &fd_frozen; } if (path == NULL) { if (is_builtin(name)) { strcpy(buf, name); return &fd_builtin; } #ifdef MS_COREDLL fp = PyWin_FindRegisteredModule(name, &fdp, buf, buflen); if (fp != NULL) { *p_fp = fp; return fdp; } #endif path = PySys_GetObject("path"); } if (path == NULL || !PyList_Check(path)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, "sys.path must be a list of directory names"); return NULL; } path_hooks = PySys_GetObject("path_hooks"); if (path_hooks == NULL || !PyList_Check(path_hooks)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, "sys.path_hooks must be a list of " "import hooks"); return NULL; } path_importer_cache = PySys_GetObject("path_importer_cache"); if (path_importer_cache == NULL || !PyDict_Check(path_importer_cache)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, "sys.path_importer_cache must be a dict"); return NULL; } npath = PyList_Size(path); namelen = strlen(name); for (i = 0; i < npath; i++) { PyObject *v = PyList_GetItem(path, i); PyObject *origv = v; const char *base; Py_ssize_t size; if (!v) return NULL; if (PyUnicode_Check(v)) { v = PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault(v); if (v == NULL) return NULL; } else if (!PyBytes_Check(v)) continue; else Py_INCREF(v); base = PyBytes_AS_STRING(v); size = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(v); len = size; if (len + 2 + namelen + MAXSUFFIXSIZE >= buflen) { Py_DECREF(v); continue; /* Too long */ } strcpy(buf, base); Py_DECREF(v); if (strlen(buf) != len) { continue; /* v contains '\0' */ } /* sys.path_hooks import hook */ if (p_loader != NULL) { PyObject *importer; importer = get_path_importer(path_importer_cache, path_hooks, origv); if (importer == NULL) { return NULL; } /* Note: importer is a borrowed reference */ if (importer != Py_None) { PyObject *loader; loader = PyObject_CallMethod(importer, "find_module", "s", fullname); if (loader == NULL) return NULL; /* error */ if (loader != Py_None) { /* a loader was found */ *p_loader = loader; return &importhookdescr; } Py_DECREF(loader); continue; } } /* no hook was found, use builtin import */ if (len > 0 && buf[len-1] != SEP #ifdef ALTSEP && buf[len-1] != ALTSEP #endif ) buf[len++] = SEP; strcpy(buf+len, name); len += namelen; /* Check for package import (buf holds a directory name, and there's an __init__ module in that directory */ #ifdef HAVE_STAT if (stat(buf, &statbuf) == 0 && /* it exists */ S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode) && /* it's a directory */ case_ok(buf, len, namelen, name)) { /* case matches */ if (find_init_module(buf)) { /* and has __init__.py */ return &fd_package; } else { int err; PyObject *unicode = PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(buf); if (unicode == NULL) return NULL; err = PyErr_WarnFormat(PyExc_ImportWarning, 1, "Not importing directory '%U': missing __init__.py", unicode); Py_DECREF(unicode); if (err) return NULL; } } #endif #if defined(PYOS_OS2) /* take a snapshot of the module spec for restoration * after the 8 character DLL hackery */ saved_buf = strdup(buf); saved_len = len; saved_namelen = namelen; #endif /* PYOS_OS2 */ for (fdp = _PyImport_Filetab; fdp->suffix != NULL; fdp++) { #if defined(PYOS_OS2) && defined(HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING) /* OS/2 limits DLLs to 8 character names (w/o extension) * so if the name is longer than that and its a * dynamically loaded module we're going to try, * truncate the name before trying */ if (strlen(subname) > 8) { /* is this an attempt to load a C extension? */ const struct filedescr *scan; scan = _PyImport_DynLoadFiletab; while (scan->suffix != NULL) { if (!strcmp(scan->suffix, fdp->suffix)) break; else scan++; } if (scan->suffix != NULL) { /* yes, so truncate the name */ namelen = 8; len -= strlen(subname) - namelen; buf[len] = '\0'; } } #endif /* PYOS_OS2 */ strcpy(buf+len, fdp->suffix); if (Py_VerboseFlag > 1) PySys_WriteStderr("# trying %s\n", buf); filemode = fdp->mode; if (filemode[0] == 'U') filemode = "r" PY_STDIOTEXTMODE; fp = fopen(buf, filemode); if (fp != NULL) { if (case_ok(buf, len, namelen, name)) break; else { /* continue search */ fclose(fp); fp = NULL; } } #if defined(PYOS_OS2) /* restore the saved snapshot */ strcpy(buf, saved_buf); len = saved_len; namelen = saved_namelen; #endif } #if defined(PYOS_OS2) /* don't need/want the module name snapshot anymore */ if (saved_buf) { free(saved_buf); saved_buf = NULL; } #endif if (fp != NULL) break; } if (fp == NULL) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_ImportError, "No module named %.200s", name); return NULL; } *p_fp = fp; return fdp; } /* case_ok(char* buf, Py_ssize_t len, Py_ssize_t namelen, char* name) * The arguments here are tricky, best shown by example: * /a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/some_long_module_name.py\0 * ^ ^ ^ ^ * |--------------------- buf ---------------------| * |------------------- len ------------------| * |------ name -------| * |----- namelen -----| * buf is the full path, but len only counts up to (& exclusive of) the * extension. name is the module name, also exclusive of extension. * * We've already done a successful stat() or fopen() on buf, so know that * there's some match, possibly case-insensitive. * * case_ok() is to return 1 if there's a case-sensitive match for * name, else 0. case_ok() is also to return 1 if envar PYTHONCASEOK * exists. * * case_ok() is used to implement case-sensitive import semantics even * on platforms with case-insensitive filesystems. It's trivial to implement * for case-sensitive filesystems. It's pretty much a cross-platform * nightmare for systems with case-insensitive filesystems. */ /* First we may need a pile of platform-specific header files; the sequence * of #if's here should match the sequence in the body of case_ok(). */ #if defined(MS_WINDOWS) #include #elif defined(DJGPP) #include #elif (defined(__MACH__) && defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__CYGWIN__)) && defined(HAVE_DIRENT_H) #include #include #elif defined(PYOS_OS2) #define INCL_DOS #define INCL_DOSERRORS #define INCL_NOPMAPI #include #endif static int case_ok(char *buf, Py_ssize_t len, Py_ssize_t namelen, char *name) { /* Pick a platform-specific implementation; the sequence of #if's here should * match the sequence just above. */ /* MS_WINDOWS */ #if defined(MS_WINDOWS) WIN32_FIND_DATA data; HANDLE h; if (Py_GETENV("PYTHONCASEOK") != NULL) return 1; h = FindFirstFile(buf, &data); if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_NameError, "Can't find file for module %.100s\n(filename %.300s)", name, buf); return 0; } FindClose(h); return strncmp(data.cFileName, name, namelen) == 0; /* DJGPP */ #elif defined(DJGPP) struct ffblk ffblk; int done; if (Py_GETENV("PYTHONCASEOK") != NULL) return 1; done = findfirst(buf, &ffblk, FA_ARCH|FA_RDONLY|FA_HIDDEN|FA_DIREC); if (done) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_NameError, "Can't find file for module %.100s\n(filename %.300s)", name, buf); return 0; } return strncmp(ffblk.ff_name, name, namelen) == 0; /* new-fangled macintosh (macosx) or Cygwin */ #elif (defined(__MACH__) && defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__CYGWIN__)) && defined(HAVE_DIRENT_H) DIR *dirp; struct dirent *dp; char dirname[MAXPATHLEN + 1]; const int dirlen = len - namelen - 1; /* don't want trailing SEP */ if (Py_GETENV("PYTHONCASEOK") != NULL) return 1; /* Copy the dir component into dirname; substitute "." if empty */ if (dirlen <= 0) { dirname[0] = '.'; dirname[1] = '\0'; } else { assert(dirlen <= MAXPATHLEN); memcpy(dirname, buf, dirlen); dirname[dirlen] = '\0'; } /* Open the directory and search the entries for an exact match. */ dirp = opendir(dirname); if (dirp) { char *nameWithExt = buf + len - namelen; while ((dp = readdir(dirp)) != NULL) { const int thislen = #ifdef _DIRENT_HAVE_D_NAMELEN dp->d_namlen; #else strlen(dp->d_name); #endif if (thislen >= namelen && strcmp(dp->d_name, nameWithExt) == 0) { (void)closedir(dirp); return 1; /* Found */ } } (void)closedir(dirp); } return 0 ; /* Not found */ /* OS/2 */ #elif defined(PYOS_OS2) HDIR hdir = 1; ULONG srchcnt = 1; FILEFINDBUF3 ffbuf; APIRET rc; if (Py_GETENV("PYTHONCASEOK") != NULL) return 1; rc = DosFindFirst(buf, &hdir, FILE_READONLY | FILE_HIDDEN | FILE_SYSTEM | FILE_DIRECTORY, &ffbuf, sizeof(ffbuf), &srchcnt, FIL_STANDARD); if (rc != NO_ERROR) return 0; return strncmp(ffbuf.achName, name, namelen) == 0; /* assuming it's a case-sensitive filesystem, so there's nothing to do! */ #else return 1; #endif } #ifdef HAVE_STAT /* Helper to look for __init__.py or __init__.py[co] in potential package */ static int find_init_module(char *buf) { const size_t save_len = strlen(buf); size_t i = save_len; char *pname; /* pointer to start of __init__ */ struct stat statbuf; /* For calling case_ok(buf, len, namelen, name): * /a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/some_long_module_name.py\0 * ^ ^ ^ ^ * |--------------------- buf ---------------------| * |------------------- len ------------------| * |------ name -------| * |----- namelen -----| */ if (save_len + 13 >= MAXPATHLEN) return 0; buf[i++] = SEP; pname = buf + i; strcpy(pname, "__init__.py"); if (stat(buf, &statbuf) == 0) { if (case_ok(buf, save_len + 9, /* len("/__init__") */ 8, /* len("__init__") */ pname)) { buf[save_len] = '\0'; return 1; } } i += strlen(pname); strcpy(buf+i, Py_OptimizeFlag ? "o" : "c"); if (stat(buf, &statbuf) == 0) { if (case_ok(buf, save_len + 9, /* len("/__init__") */ 8, /* len("__init__") */ pname)) { buf[save_len] = '\0'; return 1; } } buf[save_len] = '\0'; return 0; } #endif /* HAVE_STAT */ static int init_builtin(char *); /* Forward */ static PyObject* load_builtin(char *name, char *pathname, int type) { PyObject *m, *modules; int err; if (pathname != NULL && pathname[0] != '\0') name = pathname; if (type == C_BUILTIN) err = init_builtin(name); else err = PyImport_ImportFrozenModule(name); if (err < 0) return NULL; if (err == 0) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_ImportError, "Purported %s module %.200s not found", type == C_BUILTIN ? "builtin" : "frozen", name); return NULL; } modules = PyImport_GetModuleDict(); m = PyDict_GetItemString(modules, name); if (m == NULL) { PyErr_Format( PyExc_ImportError, "%s module %.200s not properly initialized", type == C_BUILTIN ? "builtin" : "frozen", name); return NULL; } Py_INCREF(m); return m; } /* Load an external module using the default search path and return its module object WITH INCREMENTED REFERENCE COUNT */ static PyObject * load_module(char *name, FILE *fp, char *pathname, int type, PyObject *loader) { PyObject *m; /* First check that there's an open file (if we need one) */ switch (type) { case PY_SOURCE: case PY_COMPILED: if (fp == NULL) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "file object required for import (type code %d)", type); return NULL; } } switch (type) { case PY_SOURCE: m = load_source_module(name, pathname, fp); break; case PY_COMPILED: m = load_compiled_module(name, pathname, fp); break; #ifdef HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING case C_EXTENSION: m = _PyImport_LoadDynamicModule(name, pathname, fp); break; #endif case PKG_DIRECTORY: m = load_package(name, pathname); break; case C_BUILTIN: case PY_FROZEN: m = load_builtin(name, pathname, type); break; case IMP_HOOK: { if (loader == NULL) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, "import hook without loader"); return NULL; } m = PyObject_CallMethod(loader, "load_module", "s", name); break; } default: PyErr_Format(PyExc_ImportError, "Don't know how to import %.200s (type code %d)", name, type); m = NULL; } return m; } /* Initialize a built-in module. Return 1 for success, 0 if the module is not found, and -1 with an exception set if the initialization failed. */ static int init_builtin(char *name) { struct _inittab *p; if (_PyImport_FindBuiltin(name) != NULL) return 1; for (p = PyImport_Inittab; p->name != NULL; p++) { PyObject *mod; if (strcmp(name, p->name) == 0) { if (p->initfunc == NULL) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_ImportError, "Cannot re-init internal module %.200s", name); return -1; } if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr("import %s # builtin\n", name); mod = (*p->initfunc)(); if (mod == 0) return -1; if (_PyImport_FixupBuiltin(mod, name) < 0) return -1; /* FixupExtension has put the module into sys.modules, so we can release our own reference. */ Py_DECREF(mod); return 1; } } return 0; } /* Frozen modules */ static struct _frozen * find_frozen(char *name) { struct _frozen *p; if (!name) return NULL; for (p = PyImport_FrozenModules; ; p++) { if (p->name == NULL) return NULL; if (strcmp(p->name, name) == 0) break; } return p; } static PyObject * get_frozen_object(char *name) { struct _frozen *p = find_frozen(name); int size; if (p == NULL) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_ImportError, "No such frozen object named %.200s", name); return NULL; } if (p->code == NULL) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_ImportError, "Excluded frozen object named %.200s", name); return NULL; } size = p->size; if (size < 0) size = -size; return PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromString((char *)p->code, size); } static PyObject * is_frozen_package(char *name) { struct _frozen *p = find_frozen(name); int size; if (p == NULL) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_ImportError, "No such frozen object named %.200s", name); return NULL; } size = p->size; if (size < 0) Py_RETURN_TRUE; else Py_RETURN_FALSE; } /* Initialize a frozen module. Return 1 for success, 0 if the module is not found, and -1 with an exception set if the initialization failed. This function is also used from frozenmain.c */ int PyImport_ImportFrozenModule(char *name) { struct _frozen *p = find_frozen(name); PyObject *co; PyObject *m; int ispackage; int size; if (p == NULL) return 0; if (p->code == NULL) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_ImportError, "Excluded frozen object named %.200s", name); return -1; } size = p->size; ispackage = (size < 0); if (ispackage) size = -size; if (Py_VerboseFlag) PySys_WriteStderr("import %s # frozen%s\n", name, ispackage ? " package" : ""); co = PyMarshal_ReadObjectFromString((char *)p->code, size); if (co == NULL) return -1; if (!PyCode_Check(co)) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "frozen object %.200s is not a code object", name); goto err_return; } if (ispackage) { /* Set __path__ to the package name */ PyObject *d, *s, *l; int err; m = PyImport_AddModule(name); if (m == NULL) goto err_return; d = PyModule_GetDict(m); s = PyUnicode_InternFromString(name); if (s == NULL) goto err_return; l = PyList_New(1); if (l == NULL) { Py_DECREF(s); goto err_return; } PyList_SET_ITEM(l, 0, s); err = PyDict_SetItemString(d, "__path__", l); Py_DECREF(l); if (err != 0) goto err_return; } m = PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx(name, co, ""); if (m == NULL) goto err_return; Py_DECREF(co); Py_DECREF(m); return 1; err_return: Py_DECREF(co); return -1; } /* Import a module, either built-in, frozen, or external, and return its module object WITH INCREMENTED REFERENCE COUNT */ PyObject * PyImport_ImportModule(const char *name) { PyObject *pname; PyObject *result; pname = PyUnicode_FromString(name); if (pname == NULL) return NULL; result = PyImport_Import(pname); Py_DECREF(pname); return result; } /* Import a module without blocking * * At first it tries to fetch the module from sys.modules. If the module was * never loaded before it loads it with PyImport_ImportModule() unless another * thread holds the import lock. In the latter case the function raises an * ImportError instead of blocking. * * Returns the module object with incremented ref count. */ PyObject * PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock(const char *name) { PyObject *result; PyObject *modules; long me; /* Try to get the module from sys.modules[name] */ modules = PyImport_GetModuleDict(); if (modules == NULL) return NULL; result = PyDict_GetItemString(modules, name); if (result != NULL) { Py_INCREF(result); return result; } else { PyErr_Clear(); } #ifdef WITH_THREAD /* check the import lock * me might be -1 but I ignore the error here, the lock function * takes care of the problem */ me = PyThread_get_thread_ident(); if (import_lock_thread == -1 || import_lock_thread == me) { /* no thread or me is holding the lock */ return PyImport_ImportModule(name); } else { PyErr_Format(PyExc_ImportError, "Failed to import %.200s because the import lock" "is held by another thread.", name); return NULL; } #else return PyImport_ImportModule(name); #endif } /* Forward declarations for helper routines */ static PyObject *get_parent(PyObject *globals, char *buf, Py_ssize_t *p_buflen, int level); static PyObject *load_next(PyObject *mod, PyObject *altmod, char **p_name, char *buf, Py_ssize_t *p_buflen); static int mark_miss(char *name); static int ensure_fromlist(PyObject *mod, PyObject *fromlist, char *buf, Py_ssize_t buflen, int recursive); static PyObject * import_submodule(PyObject *mod, char *name, char *fullname); /* The Magnum Opus of dotted-name import :-) */ static PyObject * import_module_level(char *name, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals, PyObject *fromlist, int level) { char buf[MAXPATHLEN+1]; Py_ssize_t buflen = 0; PyObject *parent, *head, *next, *tail; if (strchr(name, '/') != NULL #ifdef MS_WINDOWS || strchr(name, '\\') != NULL #endif ) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, "Import by filename is not supported."); return NULL; } parent = get_parent(globals, buf, &buflen, level); if (parent == NULL) return NULL; head = load_next(parent, level < 0 ? Py_None : parent, &name, buf, &buflen); if (head == NULL) return NULL; tail = head; Py_INCREF(tail); while (name) { next = load_next(tail, tail, &name, buf, &buflen); Py_DECREF(tail); if (next == NULL) { Py_DECREF(head); return NULL; } tail = next; } if (tail == Py_None) { /* If tail is Py_None, both get_parent and load_next found an empty module name: someone called __import__("") or doctored faulty bytecode */ Py_DECREF(tail); Py_DECREF(head); PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Empty module name"); return NULL; } if (fromlist != NULL) { if (fromlist == Py_None || !PyObject_IsTrue(fromlist)) fromlist = NULL; } if (fromlist == NULL) { Py_DECREF(tail); return head; } Py_DECREF(head); if (!ensure_fromlist(tail, fromlist, buf, buflen, 0)) { Py_DECREF(tail); return NULL; } return tail; } PyObject * PyImport_ImportModuleLevel(char *name, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals, PyObject *fromlist, int level) { PyObject *result; _PyImport_AcquireLock(); result = import_module_level(name, globals, locals, fromlist, level); if (_PyImport_ReleaseLock() < 0) { Py_XDECREF(result); PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "not holding the import lock"); return NULL; } return result; } /* Return the package that an import is being performed in. If globals comes from the module foo.bar.bat (not itself a package), this returns the sys.modules entry for foo.bar. If globals is from a package's __init__.py, the package's entry in sys.modules is returned, as a borrowed reference. The *name* of the returned package is returned in buf, with the length of the name in *p_buflen. If globals doesn't come from a package or a module in a package, or a corresponding entry is not found in sys.modules, Py_None is returned. */ static PyObject * get_parent(PyObject *globals, char *buf, Py_ssize_t *p_buflen, int level) { static PyObject *namestr = NULL; static PyObject *pathstr = NULL; static PyObject *pkgstr = NULL; PyObject *pkgname, *modname, *modpath, *modules, *parent; int orig_level = level; if (globals == NULL || !PyDict_Check(globals) || !level) return Py_None; if (namestr == NULL) { namestr = PyUnicode_InternFromString("__name__"); if (namestr == NULL) return NULL; } if (pathstr == NULL) { pathstr = PyUnicode_InternFromString("__path__"); if (pathstr == NULL) return NULL; } if (pkgstr == NULL) { pkgstr = PyUnicode_InternFromString("__package__"); if (pkgstr == NULL) return NULL; } *buf = '\0'; *p_buflen = 0; pkgname = PyDict_GetItem(globals, pkgstr); if ((pkgname != NULL) && (pkgname != Py_None)) { /* __package__ is set, so use it */ char *pkgname_str; Py_ssize_t len; if (!PyUnicode_Check(pkgname)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "__package__ set to non-string"); return NULL; } pkgname_str = _PyUnicode_AsStringAndSize(pkgname, &len); if (len == 0) { if (level > 0) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Attempted relative import in non-package"); return NULL; } return Py_None; } if (len > MAXPATHLEN) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Package name too long"); return NULL; } strcpy(buf, pkgname_str); } else { /* __package__ not set, so figure it out and set it */ modname = PyDict_GetItem(globals, namestr); if (modname == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(modname)) return Py_None; modpath = PyDict_GetItem(globals, pathstr); if (modpath != NULL) { /* __path__ is set, so modname is already the package name */ char *modname_str; Py_ssize_t len; int error; modname_str = _PyUnicode_AsStringAndSize(modname, &len); if (len > MAXPATHLEN) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Module name too long"); return NULL; } strcpy(buf, modname_str); error = PyDict_SetItem(globals, pkgstr, modname); if (error) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Could not set __package__"); return NULL; } } else { /* Normal module, so work out the package name if any */ char *start = _PyUnicode_AsString(modname); char *lastdot = strrchr(start, '.'); size_t len; int error; if (lastdot == NULL && level > 0) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Attempted relative import in non-package"); return NULL; } if (lastdot == NULL) { error = PyDict_SetItem(globals, pkgstr, Py_None); if (error) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Could not set __package__"); return NULL; } return Py_None; } len = lastdot - start; if (len >= MAXPATHLEN) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Module name too long"); return NULL; } strncpy(buf, start, len); buf[len] = '\0'; pkgname = PyUnicode_FromString(buf); if (pkgname == NULL) { return NULL; } error = PyDict_SetItem(globals, pkgstr, pkgname); Py_DECREF(pkgname); if (error) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Could not set __package__"); return NULL; } } } while (--level > 0) { char *dot = strrchr(buf, '.'); if (dot == NULL) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Attempted relative import beyond " "toplevel package"); return NULL; } *dot = '\0'; } *p_buflen = strlen(buf); modules = PyImport_GetModuleDict(); parent = PyDict_GetItemString(modules, buf); if (parent == NULL) { if (orig_level < 1) { PyObject *err_msg = PyBytes_FromFormat( "Parent module '%.200s' not found " "while handling absolute import", buf); if (err_msg == NULL) { return NULL; } if (!PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_RuntimeWarning, PyBytes_AsString(err_msg), 1)) { *buf = '\0'; *p_buflen = 0; parent = Py_None; } Py_DECREF(err_msg); } else { PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError, "Parent module '%.200s' not loaded, " "cannot perform relative import", buf); } } return parent; /* We expect, but can't guarantee, if parent != None, that: - parent.__name__ == buf - parent.__dict__ is globals If this is violated... Who cares? */ } /* altmod is either None or same as mod */ static PyObject * load_next(PyObject *mod, PyObject *altmod, char **p_name, char *buf, Py_ssize_t *p_buflen) { char *name = *p_name; char *dot = strchr(name, '.'); size_t len; char *p; PyObject *result; if (strlen(name) == 0) { /* completely empty module name should only happen in 'from . import' (or '__import__("")')*/ Py_INCREF(mod); *p_name = NULL; return mod; } if (dot == NULL) { *p_name = NULL; len = strlen(name); } else { *p_name = dot+1; len = dot-name; } if (len == 0) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Empty module name"); return NULL; } p = buf + *p_buflen; if (p != buf) *p++ = '.'; if (p+len-buf >= MAXPATHLEN) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Module name too long"); return NULL; } strncpy(p, name, len); p[len] = '\0'; *p_buflen = p+len-buf; result = import_submodule(mod, p, buf); if (result == Py_None && altmod != mod) { Py_DECREF(result); /* Here, altmod must be None and mod must not be None */ result = import_submodule(altmod, p, p); if (result != NULL && result != Py_None) { if (mark_miss(buf) != 0) { Py_DECREF(result); return NULL; } strncpy(buf, name, len); buf[len] = '\0'; *p_buflen = len; } } if (result == NULL) return NULL; if (result == Py_None) { Py_DECREF(result); PyErr_Format(PyExc_ImportError, "No module named %.200s", name); return NULL; } return result; } static int mark_miss(char *name) { PyObject *modules = PyImport_GetModuleDict(); return PyDict_SetItemString(modules, name, Py_None); } static int ensure_fromlist(PyObject *mod, PyObject *fromlist, char *buf, Py_ssize_t buflen, int recursive) { int i; if (!PyObject_HasAttrString(mod, "__path__")) return 1; for (i = 0; ; i++) { PyObject *item = PySequence_GetItem(fromlist, i); int hasit; if (item == NULL) { if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_IndexError)) { PyErr_Clear(); return 1; } return 0; } if (!PyUnicode_Check(item)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Item in ``from list'' not a string"); Py_DECREF(item); return 0; } if (PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(item)[0] == '*') { PyObject *all; Py_DECREF(item); /* See if the package defines __all__ */ if (recursive) continue; /* Avoid endless recursion */ all = PyObject_GetAttrString(mod, "__all__"); if (all == NULL) PyErr_Clear(); else { int ret = ensure_fromlist(mod, all, buf, buflen, 1); Py_DECREF(all); if (!ret) return 0; } continue; } hasit = PyObject_HasAttr(mod, item); if (!hasit) { PyObject *item8; char *subname; PyObject *submod; char *p; item8 = PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault(item); if (!item8) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Cannot encode path item"); return 0; } subname = PyBytes_AS_STRING(item8); if (buflen + strlen(subname) >= MAXPATHLEN) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "Module name too long"); Py_DECREF(item); return 0; } p = buf + buflen; *p++ = '.'; strcpy(p, subname); submod = import_submodule(mod, subname, buf); Py_DECREF(item8); Py_XDECREF(submod); if (submod == NULL) { Py_DECREF(item); return 0; } } Py_DECREF(item); } /* NOTREACHED */ } static int add_submodule(PyObject *mod, PyObject *submod, char *fullname, char *subname, PyObject *modules) { if (mod == Py_None) return 1; /* Irrespective of the success of this load, make a reference to it in the parent package module. A copy gets saved in the modules dictionary under the full name, so get a reference from there, if need be. (The exception is when the load failed with a SyntaxError -- then there's no trace in sys.modules. In that case, of course, do nothing extra.) */ if (submod == NULL) { submod = PyDict_GetItemString(modules, fullname); if (submod == NULL) return 1; } if (PyModule_Check(mod)) { /* We can't use setattr here since it can give a * spurious warning if the submodule name shadows a * builtin name */ PyObject *dict = PyModule_GetDict(mod); if (!dict) return 0; if (PyDict_SetItemString(dict, subname, submod) < 0) return 0; } else { if (PyObject_SetAttrString(mod, subname, submod) < 0) return 0; } return 1; } static PyObject * import_submodule(PyObject *mod, char *subname, char *fullname) { PyObject *modules = PyImport_GetModuleDict(); PyObject *m = NULL; /* Require: if mod == None: subname == fullname else: mod.__name__ + "." + subname == fullname */ if ((m = PyDict_GetItemString(modules, fullname)) != NULL) { Py_INCREF(m); } else { PyObject *path, *loader = NULL; char buf[MAXPATHLEN+1]; struct filedescr *fdp; FILE *fp = NULL; if (mod == Py_None) path = NULL; else { path = PyObject_GetAttrString(mod, "__path__"); if (path == NULL) { PyErr_Clear(); Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } } buf[0] = '\0'; fdp = find_module(fullname, subname, path, buf, MAXPATHLEN+1, &fp, &loader); Py_XDECREF(path); if (fdp == NULL) { if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_ImportError)) return NULL; PyErr_Clear(); Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } m = load_module(fullname, fp, buf, fdp->type, loader); Py_XDECREF(loader); if (fp) fclose(fp); if (!add_submodule(mod, m, fullname, subname, modules)) { Py_XDECREF(m); m = NULL; } } return m; } /* Re-import a module of any kind and return its module object, WITH INCREMENTED REFERENCE COUNT */ PyObject * PyImport_ReloadModule(PyObject *m) { PyInterpreterState *interp = PyThreadState_Get()->interp; PyObject *modules_reloading = interp->modules_reloading; PyObject *modules = PyImport_GetModuleDict(); PyObject *path = NULL, *loader = NULL, *existing_m = NULL; char *name, *subname; char buf[MAXPATHLEN+1]; struct filedescr *fdp; FILE *fp = NULL; PyObject *newm; if (modules_reloading == NULL) { Py_FatalError("PyImport_ReloadModule: " "no modules_reloading dictionary!"); return NULL; } if (m == NULL || !PyModule_Check(m)) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "reload() argument must be module"); return NULL; } name = (char*)PyModule_GetName(m); if (name == NULL) return NULL; if (m != PyDict_GetItemString(modules, name)) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_ImportError, "reload(): module %.200s not in sys.modules", name); return NULL; } existing_m = PyDict_GetItemString(modules_reloading, name); if (existing_m != NULL) { /* Due to a recursive reload, this module is already being reloaded. */ Py_INCREF(existing_m); return existing_m; } if (PyDict_SetItemString(modules_reloading, name, m) < 0) return NULL; subname = strrchr(name, '.'); if (subname == NULL) subname = name; else { PyObject *parentname, *parent; parentname = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(name, (subname-name)); if (parentname == NULL) { imp_modules_reloading_clear(); return NULL; } parent = PyDict_GetItem(modules, parentname); if (parent == NULL) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_ImportError, "reload(): parent %U not in sys.modules", parentname); Py_DECREF(parentname); imp_modules_reloading_clear(); return NULL; } Py_DECREF(parentname); subname++; path = PyObject_GetAttrString(parent, "__path__"); if (path == NULL) PyErr_Clear(); } buf[0] = '\0'; fdp = find_module(name, subname, path, buf, MAXPATHLEN+1, &fp, &loader); Py_XDECREF(path); if (fdp == NULL) { Py_XDECREF(loader); imp_modules_reloading_clear(); return NULL; } newm = load_module(name, fp, buf, fdp->type, loader); Py_XDECREF(loader); if (fp) fclose(fp); if (newm == NULL) { /* load_module probably removed name from modules because of * the error. Put back the original module object. We're * going to return NULL in this case regardless of whether * replacing name succeeds, so the return value is ignored. */ PyDict_SetItemString(modules, name, m); } imp_modules_reloading_clear(); return newm; } /* Higher-level import emulator which emulates the "import" statement more accurately -- it invokes the __import__() function from the builtins of the current globals. This means that the import is done using whatever import hooks are installed in the current environment. A dummy list ["__doc__"] is passed as the 4th argument so that e.g. PyImport_Import(PyUnicode_FromString("win32com.client.gencache")) will return instead of . */ PyObject * PyImport_Import(PyObject *module_name) { static PyObject *silly_list = NULL; static PyObject *builtins_str = NULL; static PyObject *import_str = NULL; PyObject *globals = NULL; PyObject *import = NULL; PyObject *builtins = NULL; PyObject *modules = NULL; PyObject *r = NULL; /* Initialize constant string objects */ if (silly_list == NULL) { import_str = PyUnicode_InternFromString("__import__"); if (import_str == NULL) return NULL; builtins_str = PyUnicode_InternFromString("__builtins__"); if (builtins_str == NULL) return NULL; silly_list = PyList_New(0); if (silly_list == NULL) return NULL; } /* Get the builtins from current globals */ globals = PyEval_GetGlobals(); if (globals != NULL) { Py_INCREF(globals); builtins = PyObject_GetItem(globals, builtins_str); if (builtins == NULL) goto err; } else { /* No globals -- use standard builtins, and fake globals */ builtins = PyImport_ImportModuleLevel("builtins", NULL, NULL, NULL, 0); if (builtins == NULL) return NULL; globals = Py_BuildValue("{OO}", builtins_str, builtins); if (globals == NULL) goto err; } /* Get the __import__ function from the builtins */ if (PyDict_Check(builtins)) { import = PyObject_GetItem(builtins, import_str); if (import == NULL) PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_KeyError, import_str); } else import = PyObject_GetAttr(builtins, import_str); if (import == NULL) goto err; /* Call the __import__ function with the proper argument list Always use absolute import here. Calling for side-effect of import. */ r = PyObject_CallFunction(import, "OOOOi", module_name, globals, globals, silly_list, 0, NULL); if (r == NULL) goto err; Py_DECREF(r); modules = PyImport_GetModuleDict(); r = PyDict_GetItem(modules, module_name); if (r != NULL) Py_INCREF(r); err: Py_XDECREF(globals); Py_XDECREF(builtins); Py_XDECREF(import); return r; } /* Module 'imp' provides Python access to the primitives used for importing modules. */ static PyObject * imp_make_magic(long magic) { char buf[4]; buf[0] = (char) ((magic >> 0) & 0xff); buf[1] = (char) ((magic >> 8) & 0xff); buf[2] = (char) ((magic >> 16) & 0xff); buf[3] = (char) ((magic >> 24) & 0xff); return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(buf, 4); } static PyObject * imp_get_magic(PyObject *self, PyObject *noargs) { return imp_make_magic(pyc_magic); } static PyObject * imp_get_tag(PyObject *self, PyObject *noargs) { return PyUnicode_FromString(pyc_tag); } static PyObject * imp_get_suffixes(PyObject *self, PyObject *noargs) { PyObject *list; struct filedescr *fdp; list = PyList_New(0); if (list == NULL) return NULL; for (fdp = _PyImport_Filetab; fdp->suffix != NULL; fdp++) { PyObject *item = Py_BuildValue("ssi", fdp->suffix, fdp->mode, fdp->type); if (item == NULL) { Py_DECREF(list); return NULL; } if (PyList_Append(list, item) < 0) { Py_DECREF(list); Py_DECREF(item); return NULL; } Py_DECREF(item); } return list; } static PyObject * call_find_module(char *name, PyObject *path) { extern int fclose(FILE *); PyObject *fob, *ret; PyObject *pathobj; struct filedescr *fdp; char pathname[MAXPATHLEN+1]; FILE *fp = NULL; int fd = -1; char *found_encoding = NULL; char *encoding = NULL; pathname[0] = '\0'; if (path == Py_None) path = NULL; fdp = find_module(NULL, name, path, pathname, MAXPATHLEN+1, &fp, NULL); if (fdp == NULL) return NULL; if (fp != NULL) { fd = fileno(fp); if (fd != -1) fd = dup(fd); fclose(fp); fp = NULL; } if (fd != -1) { if (strchr(fdp->mode, 'b') == NULL) { /* PyTokenizer_FindEncoding() returns PyMem_MALLOC'ed memory. */ found_encoding = PyTokenizer_FindEncoding(fd); lseek(fd, 0, 0); /* Reset position */ if (found_encoding == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) return NULL; encoding = (found_encoding != NULL) ? found_encoding : (char*)PyUnicode_GetDefaultEncoding(); } fob = PyFile_FromFd(fd, pathname, fdp->mode, -1, (char*)encoding, NULL, NULL, 1); if (fob == NULL) { close(fd); PyMem_FREE(found_encoding); return NULL; } } else { fob = Py_None; Py_INCREF(fob); } pathobj = PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(pathname); ret = Py_BuildValue("NN(ssi)", fob, pathobj, fdp->suffix, fdp->mode, fdp->type); PyMem_FREE(found_encoding); return ret; } static PyObject * imp_find_module(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { PyObject *name; PyObject *ret, *path = NULL; if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O&|O:find_module", PyUnicode_FSConverter, &name, &path)) return NULL; ret = call_find_module(PyBytes_AS_STRING(name), path); Py_DECREF(name); return ret; } static PyObject * imp_init_builtin(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { char *name; int ret; PyObject *m; if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s:init_builtin", &name)) return NULL; ret = init_builtin(name); if (ret < 0) return NULL; if (ret == 0) { Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } m = PyImport_AddModule(name); Py_XINCREF(m); return m; } static PyObject * imp_init_frozen(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { char *name; int ret; PyObject *m; if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s:init_frozen", &name)) return NULL; ret = PyImport_ImportFrozenModule(name); if (ret < 0) return NULL; if (ret == 0) { Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None; } m = PyImport_AddModule(name); Py_XINCREF(m); return m; } static PyObject * imp_get_frozen_object(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { char *name; if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s:get_frozen_object", &name)) return NULL; return get_frozen_object(name); } static PyObject * imp_is_frozen_package(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { char *name; if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s:is_frozen_package", &name)) return NULL; return is_frozen_package(name); } static PyObject * imp_is_builtin(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { char *name; if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s:is_builtin", &name)) return NULL; return PyLong_FromLong(is_builtin(name)); } static PyObject * imp_is_frozen(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { char *name; struct _frozen *p; if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s:is_frozen", &name)) return NULL; p = find_frozen(name); return PyBool_FromLong((long) (p == NULL ? 0 : p->size)); } static FILE * get_file(char *pathname, PyObject *fob, char *mode) { FILE *fp; if (mode[0] == 'U') mode = "r" PY_STDIOTEXTMODE; if (fob == NULL) { fp = fopen(pathname, mode); } else { int fd = PyObject_AsFileDescriptor(fob); if (fd == -1) return NULL; if (!_PyVerify_fd(fd)) goto error; /* the FILE struct gets a new fd, so that it can be closed * independently of the file descriptor given */ fd = dup(fd); if (fd == -1) goto error; fp = fdopen(fd, mode); } if (fp) return fp; error: PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_IOError); return NULL; } static PyObject * imp_load_compiled(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { char *name; PyObject *pathname; PyObject *fob = NULL; PyObject *m; FILE *fp; if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "sO&|O:load_compiled", &name, PyUnicode_FSConverter, &pathname, &fob)) return NULL; fp = get_file(PyBytes_AS_STRING(pathname), fob, "rb"); if (fp == NULL) { Py_DECREF(pathname); return NULL; } m = load_compiled_module(name, PyBytes_AS_STRING(pathname), fp); fclose(fp); Py_DECREF(pathname); return m; } #ifdef HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING static PyObject * imp_load_dynamic(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { char *name; PyObject *pathbytes; char *pathname; PyObject *fob = NULL; PyObject *m; FILE *fp = NULL; if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "sO&|O:load_dynamic", &name, PyUnicode_FSConverter, &pathbytes, &fob)) return NULL; pathname = PyBytes_AS_STRING(pathbytes); if (fob) { fp = get_file(pathname, fob, "r"); if (fp == NULL) { Py_DECREF(pathbytes); return NULL; } } m = _PyImport_LoadDynamicModule(name, pathname, fp); Py_DECREF(pathbytes); if (fp) fclose(fp); return m; } #endif /* HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING */ static PyObject * imp_load_source(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { char *name; PyObject *pathname; PyObject *fob = NULL; PyObject *m; FILE *fp; if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "sO&|O:load_source", &name, PyUnicode_FSConverter, &pathname, &fob)) return NULL; fp = get_file(PyBytes_AS_STRING(pathname), fob, "r"); if (fp == NULL) { Py_DECREF(pathname); return NULL; } m = load_source_module(name, PyBytes_AS_STRING(pathname), fp); Py_DECREF(pathname); fclose(fp); return m; } static PyObject * imp_load_module(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { char *name; PyObject *fob; PyObject *pathname; PyObject * ret; char *suffix; /* Unused */ char *mode; int type; FILE *fp; if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "sOO&(ssi):load_module", &name, &fob, PyUnicode_FSConverter, &pathname, &suffix, &mode, &type)) return NULL; if (*mode) { /* Mode must start with 'r' or 'U' and must not contain '+'. Implicit in this test is the assumption that the mode may contain other modifiers like 'b' or 't'. */ if (!(*mode == 'r' || *mode == 'U') || strchr(mode, '+')) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "invalid file open mode %.200s", mode); Py_DECREF(pathname); return NULL; } } if (fob == Py_None) fp = NULL; else { fp = get_file(NULL, fob, mode); if (fp == NULL) { Py_DECREF(pathname); return NULL; } } ret = load_module(name, fp, PyBytes_AS_STRING(pathname), type, NULL); Py_DECREF(pathname); if (fp) fclose(fp); return ret; } static PyObject * imp_load_package(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { char *name; PyObject *pathname; PyObject * ret; if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "sO&:load_package", &name, PyUnicode_FSConverter, &pathname)) return NULL; ret = load_package(name, PyBytes_AS_STRING(pathname)); Py_DECREF(pathname); return ret; } static PyObject * imp_new_module(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) { char *name; if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s:new_module", &name)) return NULL; return PyModule_New(name); } static PyObject * imp_reload(PyObject *self, PyObject *v) { return PyImport_ReloadModule(v); } PyDoc_STRVAR(doc_reload, "reload(module) -> module\n\ \n\ Reload the module. The module must have been successfully imported before."); static PyObject * imp_cache_from_source(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kws) { static char *kwlist[] = {"path", "debug_override", NULL}; char buf[MAXPATHLEN+1]; PyObject *pathbytes; char *cpathname; PyObject *debug_override = NULL; int debug = !Py_OptimizeFlag; if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords( args, kws, "O&|O", kwlist, PyUnicode_FSConverter, &pathbytes, &debug_override)) return NULL; if (debug_override != NULL && (debug = PyObject_IsTrue(debug_override)) < 0) { Py_DECREF(pathbytes); return NULL; } cpathname = make_compiled_pathname( PyBytes_AS_STRING(pathbytes), buf, MAXPATHLEN+1, debug); Py_DECREF(pathbytes); if (cpathname == NULL) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError, "path buffer too short"); return NULL; } return PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(buf); } PyDoc_STRVAR(doc_cache_from_source, "Given the path to a .py file, return the path to its .pyc/.pyo file.\n\ \n\ The .py file does not need to exist; this simply returns the path to the\n\ .pyc/.pyo file calculated as if the .py file were imported. The extension\n\ will be .pyc unless __debug__ is not defined, then it will be .pyo.\n\ \n\ If debug_override is not None, then it must be a boolean and is taken as\n\ the value of __debug__ instead."); static PyObject * imp_source_from_cache(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kws) { static char *kwlist[] = {"path", NULL}; PyObject *pathname_obj; char *pathname; char buf[MAXPATHLEN+1]; if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords( args, kws, "O&", kwlist, PyUnicode_FSConverter, &pathname_obj)) return NULL; pathname = PyBytes_AS_STRING(pathname_obj); if (make_source_pathname(pathname, buf) == NULL) { PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Not a PEP 3147 pyc path: %s", pathname); Py_DECREF(pathname_obj); return NULL; } Py_DECREF(pathname_obj); return PyUnicode_FromString(buf); } PyDoc_STRVAR(doc_source_from_cache, "Given the path to a .pyc./.pyo file, return the path to its .py file.\n\ \n\ The .pyc/.pyo file does not need to exist; this simply returns the path to\n\ the .py file calculated to correspond to the .pyc/.pyo file. If path\n\ does not conform to PEP 3147 format, ValueError will be raised."); /* Doc strings */ PyDoc_STRVAR(doc_imp, "This module provides the components needed to build your own\n\ __import__ function. Undocumented functions are obsolete."); PyDoc_STRVAR(doc_find_module, "find_module(name, [path]) -> (file, filename, (suffix, mode, type))\n\ Search for a module. If path is omitted or None, search for a\n\ built-in, frozen or special module and continue search in sys.path.\n\ The module name cannot contain '.'; to search for a submodule of a\n\ package, pass the submodule name and the package's __path__."); PyDoc_STRVAR(doc_load_module, "load_module(name, file, filename, (suffix, mode, type)) -> module\n\ Load a module, given information returned by find_module().\n\ The module name must include the full package name, if any."); PyDoc_STRVAR(doc_get_magic, "get_magic() -> string\n\ Return the magic number for .pyc or .pyo files."); PyDoc_STRVAR(doc_get_tag, "get_tag() -> string\n\ Return the magic tag for .pyc or .pyo files."); PyDoc_STRVAR(doc_get_suffixes, "get_suffixes() -> [(suffix, mode, type), ...]\n\ Return a list of (suffix, mode, type) tuples describing the files\n\ that find_module() looks for."); PyDoc_STRVAR(doc_new_module, "new_module(name) -> module\n\ Create a new module. Do not enter it in sys.modules.\n\ The module name must include the full package name, if any."); PyDoc_STRVAR(doc_lock_held, "lock_held() -> boolean\n\ Return True if the import lock is currently held, else False.\n\ On platforms without threads, return False."); PyDoc_STRVAR(doc_acquire_lock, "acquire_lock() -> None\n\ Acquires the interpreter's import lock for the current thread.\n\ This lock should be used by import hooks to ensure thread-safety\n\ when importing modules.\n\ On platforms without threads, this function does nothing."); PyDoc_STRVAR(doc_release_lock, "release_lock() -> None\n\ Release the interpreter's import lock.\n\ On platforms without threads, this function does nothing."); static PyMethodDef imp_methods[] = { {"find_module", imp_find_module, METH_VARARGS, doc_find_module}, {"get_magic", imp_get_magic, METH_NOARGS, doc_get_magic}, {"get_tag", imp_get_tag, METH_NOARGS, doc_get_tag}, {"get_suffixes", imp_get_suffixes, METH_NOARGS, doc_get_suffixes}, {"load_module", imp_load_module, METH_VARARGS, doc_load_module}, {"new_module", imp_new_module, METH_VARARGS, doc_new_module}, {"lock_held", imp_lock_held, METH_NOARGS, doc_lock_held}, {"acquire_lock", imp_acquire_lock, METH_NOARGS, doc_acquire_lock}, {"release_lock", imp_release_lock, METH_NOARGS, doc_release_lock}, {"reload", imp_reload, METH_O, doc_reload}, {"cache_from_source", (PyCFunction)imp_cache_from_source, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, doc_cache_from_source}, {"source_from_cache", (PyCFunction)imp_source_from_cache, METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, doc_source_from_cache}, /* The rest are obsolete */ {"get_frozen_object", imp_get_frozen_object, METH_VARARGS}, {"is_frozen_package", imp_is_frozen_package, METH_VARARGS}, {"init_builtin", imp_init_builtin, METH_VARARGS}, {"init_frozen", imp_init_frozen, METH_VARARGS}, {"is_builtin", imp_is_builtin, METH_VARARGS}, {"is_frozen", imp_is_frozen, METH_VARARGS}, {"load_compiled", imp_load_compiled, METH_VARARGS}, #ifdef HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING {"load_dynamic", imp_load_dynamic, METH_VARARGS}, #endif {"load_package", imp_load_package, METH_VARARGS}, {"load_source", imp_load_source, METH_VARARGS}, {NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */ }; static int setint(PyObject *d, char *name, int value) { PyObject *v; int err; v = PyLong_FromLong((long)value); err = PyDict_SetItemString(d, name, v); Py_XDECREF(v); return err; } typedef struct { PyObject_HEAD } NullImporter; static int NullImporter_init(NullImporter *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds) { #ifndef MS_WINDOWS PyObject *path; struct stat statbuf; int rv; if (!_PyArg_NoKeywords("NullImporter()", kwds)) return -1; if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O&:NullImporter", PyUnicode_FSConverter, &path)) return -1; if (PyBytes_GET_SIZE(path) == 0) { Py_DECREF(path); PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, "empty pathname"); return -1; } rv = stat(PyBytes_AS_STRING(path), &statbuf); Py_DECREF(path); if (rv == 0) { /* it exists */ if (S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode)) { /* it's a directory */ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, "existing directory"); return -1; } } #else /* MS_WINDOWS */ PyObject *pathobj; DWORD rv; wchar_t *path; if (!_PyArg_NoKeywords("NullImporter()", kwds)) return -1; if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "U:NullImporter", &pathobj)) return -1; if (PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(pathobj) == 0) { PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, "empty pathname"); return -1; } path = PyUnicode_AsWideCharString(pathobj, NULL); if (path == NULL) return -1; /* see issue1293 and issue3677: * stat() on Windows doesn't recognise paths like * "e:\\shared\\" and "\\\\whiterab-c2znlh\\shared" as dirs. */ rv = GetFileAttributesW(path); PyMem_Free(path); if (rv != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) { /* it exists */ if (rv & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) { /* it's a directory */ PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ImportError, "existing directory"); return -1; } } #endif return 0; } static PyObject * NullImporter_find_module(NullImporter *self, PyObject *args) { Py_RETURN_NONE; } static PyMethodDef NullImporter_methods[] = { {"find_module", (PyCFunction)NullImporter_find_module, METH_VARARGS, "Always return None" }, {NULL} /* Sentinel */ }; PyTypeObject PyNullImporter_Type = { PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0) "imp.NullImporter", /*tp_name*/ sizeof(NullImporter), /*tp_basicsize*/ 0, /*tp_itemsize*/ 0, /*tp_dealloc*/ 0, /*tp_print*/ 0, /*tp_getattr*/ 0, /*tp_setattr*/ 0, /*tp_reserved*/ 0, /*tp_repr*/ 0, /*tp_as_number*/ 0, /*tp_as_sequence*/ 0, /*tp_as_mapping*/ 0, /*tp_hash */ 0, /*tp_call*/ 0, /*tp_str*/ 0, /*tp_getattro*/ 0, /*tp_setattro*/ 0, /*tp_as_buffer*/ Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, /*tp_flags*/ "Null importer object", /* tp_doc */ 0, /* tp_traverse */ 0, /* tp_clear */ 0, /* tp_richcompare */ 0, /* tp_weaklistoffset */ 0, /* tp_iter */ 0, /* tp_iternext */ NullImporter_methods, /* tp_methods */ 0, /* tp_members */ 0, /* tp_getset */ 0, /* tp_base */ 0, /* tp_dict */ 0, /* tp_descr_get */ 0, /* tp_descr_set */ 0, /* tp_dictoffset */ (initproc)NullImporter_init, /* tp_init */ 0, /* tp_alloc */ PyType_GenericNew /* tp_new */ }; static struct PyModuleDef impmodule = { PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT, "imp", doc_imp, 0, imp_methods, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL }; PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_imp(void) { PyObject *m, *d; if (PyType_Ready(&PyNullImporter_Type) < 0) return NULL; m = PyModule_Create(&impmodule); if (m == NULL) goto failure; d = PyModule_GetDict(m); if (d == NULL) goto failure; if (setint(d, "SEARCH_ERROR", SEARCH_ERROR) < 0) goto failure; if (setint(d, "PY_SOURCE", PY_SOURCE) < 0) goto failure; if (setint(d, "PY_COMPILED", PY_COMPILED) < 0) goto failure; if (setint(d, "C_EXTENSION", C_EXTENSION) < 0) goto failure; if (setint(d, "PY_RESOURCE", PY_RESOURCE) < 0) goto failure; if (setint(d, "PKG_DIRECTORY", PKG_DIRECTORY) < 0) goto failure; if (setint(d, "C_BUILTIN", C_BUILTIN) < 0) goto failure; if (setint(d, "PY_FROZEN", PY_FROZEN) < 0) goto failure; if (setint(d, "PY_CODERESOURCE", PY_CODERESOURCE) < 0) goto failure; if (setint(d, "IMP_HOOK", IMP_HOOK) < 0) goto failure; Py_INCREF(&PyNullImporter_Type); PyModule_AddObject(m, "NullImporter", (PyObject *)&PyNullImporter_Type); return m; failure: Py_XDECREF(m); return NULL; } /* API for embedding applications that want to add their own entries to the table of built-in modules. This should normally be called *before* Py_Initialize(). When the table resize fails, -1 is returned and the existing table is unchanged. After a similar function by Just van Rossum. */ int PyImport_ExtendInittab(struct _inittab *newtab) { static struct _inittab *our_copy = NULL; struct _inittab *p; int i, n; /* Count the number of entries in both tables */ for (n = 0; newtab[n].name != NULL; n++) ; if (n == 0) return 0; /* Nothing to do */ for (i = 0; PyImport_Inittab[i].name != NULL; i++) ; /* Allocate new memory for the combined table */ p = our_copy; PyMem_RESIZE(p, struct _inittab, i+n+1); if (p == NULL) return -1; /* Copy the tables into the new memory */ if (our_copy != PyImport_Inittab) memcpy(p, PyImport_Inittab, (i+1) * sizeof(struct _inittab)); PyImport_Inittab = our_copy = p; memcpy(p+i, newtab, (n+1) * sizeof(struct _inittab)); return 0; } /* Shorthand to add a single entry given a name and a function */ int PyImport_AppendInittab(const char *name, PyObject* (*initfunc)(void)) { struct _inittab newtab[2]; memset(newtab, '\0', sizeof newtab); newtab[0].name = (char *)name; newtab[0].initfunc = initfunc; return PyImport_ExtendInittab(newtab); } #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif an> name in {'__author__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__credits__', '__date__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__initializing__', '__loader__', '__module__', '__name__', '__package__', '__path__', '__qualname__', '__slots__', '__version__'}: return 0 # Private names are hidden, but special names are displayed. if name.startswith('__') and name.endswith('__'): return 1 # Namedtuples have public fields and methods with a single leading underscore if name.startswith('_') and hasattr(obj, '_fields'): return True if all is not None: # only document that which the programmer exported in __all__ return name in all else: return not name.startswith('_') def classify_class_attrs(object): """Wrap inspect.classify_class_attrs, with fixup for data descriptors.""" results = [] for (name, kind, cls, value) in inspect.classify_class_attrs(object): if inspect.isdatadescriptor(value): kind = 'data descriptor' results.append((name, kind, cls, value)) return results # ----------------------------------------------------- module manipulation def ispackage(path): """Guess whether a path refers to a package directory.""" if os.path.isdir(path): for ext in ('.py', '.pyc', '.pyo'): if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(path, '__init__' + ext)): return True return False def source_synopsis(file): line = file.readline() while line[:1] == '#' or not line.strip(): line = file.readline() if not line: break line = line.strip() if line[:4] == 'r"""': line = line[1:] if line[:3] == '"""': line = line[3:] if line[-1:] == '\\': line = line[:-1] while not line.strip(): line = file.readline() if not line: break result = line.split('"""')[0].strip() else: result = None return result def synopsis(filename, cache={}): """Get the one-line summary out of a module file.""" mtime = os.stat(filename).st_mtime lastupdate, result = cache.get(filename, (None, None)) if lastupdate is None or lastupdate < mtime: try: file = tokenize.open(filename) except IOError: # module can't be opened, so skip it return None binary_suffixes = importlib.machinery.BYTECODE_SUFFIXES[:] binary_suffixes += importlib.machinery.EXTENSION_SUFFIXES[:] if any(filename.endswith(x) for x in binary_suffixes): # binary modules have to be imported file.close() if any(filename.endswith(x) for x in importlib.machinery.BYTECODE_SUFFIXES): loader = importlib.machinery.SourcelessFileLoader('__temp__', filename) else: loader = importlib.machinery.ExtensionFileLoader('__temp__', filename) try: module = loader.load_module('__temp__') except: return None result = (module.__doc__ or '').splitlines()[0] del sys.modules['__temp__'] else: # text modules can be directly examined result = source_synopsis(file) file.close() cache[filename] = (mtime, result) return result class ErrorDuringImport(Exception): """Errors that occurred while trying to import something to document it.""" def __init__(self, filename, exc_info): self.filename = filename self.exc, self.value, self.tb = exc_info def __str__(self): exc = self.exc.__name__ return 'problem in %s - %s: %s' % (self.filename, exc, self.value) def importfile(path): """Import a Python source file or compiled file given its path.""" magic = imp.get_magic() with open(path, 'rb') as file: if file.read(len(magic)) == magic: kind = imp.PY_COMPILED else: kind = imp.PY_SOURCE file.seek(0) filename = os.path.basename(path) name, ext = os.path.splitext(filename) try: module = imp.load_module(name, file, path, (ext, 'r', kind)) except: raise ErrorDuringImport(path, sys.exc_info()) return module def safeimport(path, forceload=0, cache={}): """Import a module; handle errors; return None if the module isn't found. If the module *is* found but an exception occurs, it's wrapped in an ErrorDuringImport exception and reraised. Unlike __import__, if a package path is specified, the module at the end of the path is returned, not the package at the beginning. If the optional 'forceload' argument is 1, we reload the module from disk (unless it's a dynamic extension).""" try: # If forceload is 1 and the module has been previously loaded from # disk, we always have to reload the module. Checking the file's # mtime isn't good enough (e.g. the module could contain a class # that inherits from another module that has changed). if forceload and path in sys.modules: if path not in sys.builtin_module_names: # Remove the module from sys.modules and re-import to try # and avoid problems with partially loaded modules. # Also remove any submodules because they won't appear # in the newly loaded module's namespace if they're already # in sys.modules. subs = [m for m in sys.modules if m.startswith(path + '.')] for key in [path] + subs: # Prevent garbage collection. cache[key] = sys.modules[key] del sys.modules[key] module = __import__(path) except: # Did the error occur before or after the module was found? (exc, value, tb) = info = sys.exc_info() if path in sys.modules: # An error occurred while executing the imported module. raise ErrorDuringImport(sys.modules[path].__file__, info) elif exc is SyntaxError: # A SyntaxError occurred before we could execute the module. raise ErrorDuringImport(value.filename, info) elif exc is ImportError and value.name == path: # No such module in the path. return None else: # Some other error occurred during the importing process. raise ErrorDuringImport(path, sys.exc_info()) for part in path.split('.')[1:]: try: module = getattr(module, part) except AttributeError: return None return module # ---------------------------------------------------- formatter base class class Doc: PYTHONDOCS = os.environ.get("PYTHONDOCS", "http://docs.python.org/%d.%d/library" % sys.version_info[:2]) def document(self, object, name=None, *args): """Generate documentation for an object.""" args = (object, name) + args # 'try' clause is to attempt to handle the possibility that inspect # identifies something in a way that pydoc itself has issues handling; # think 'super' and how it is a descriptor (which raises the exception # by lacking a __name__ attribute) and an instance. if inspect.isgetsetdescriptor(object): return self.docdata(*args) if inspect.ismemberdescriptor(object): return self.docdata(*args) try: if inspect.ismodule(object): return self.docmodule(*args) if inspect.isclass(object): return self.docclass(*args) if inspect.isroutine(object): return self.docroutine(*args) except AttributeError: pass if isinstance(object, property): return self.docproperty(*args) return self.docother(*args) def fail(self, object, name=None, *args): """Raise an exception for unimplemented types.""" message = "don't know how to document object%s of type %s" % ( name and ' ' + repr(name), type(object).__name__) raise TypeError(message) docmodule = docclass = docroutine = docother = docproperty = docdata = fail def getdocloc(self, object): """Return the location of module docs or None""" try: file = inspect.getabsfile(object) except TypeError: file = '(built-in)' docloc = os.environ.get("PYTHONDOCS", self.PYTHONDOCS) basedir = os.path.join(sys.base_exec_prefix, "lib", "python%d.%d" % sys.version_info[:2]) if (isinstance(object, type(os)) and (object.__name__ in ('errno', 'exceptions', 'gc', 'imp', 'marshal', 'posix', 'signal', 'sys', '_thread', 'zipimport') or (file.startswith(basedir) and not file.startswith(os.path.join(basedir, 'site-packages')))) and object.__name__ not in ('xml.etree', 'test.pydoc_mod')): if docloc.startswith("http://"): docloc = "%s/%s" % (docloc.rstrip("/"), object.__name__) else: docloc = os.path.join(docloc, object.__name__ + ".html") else: docloc = None return docloc # -------------------------------------------- HTML documentation generator class HTMLRepr(Repr): """Class for safely making an HTML representation of a Python object.""" def __init__(self): Repr.__init__(self) self.maxlist = self.maxtuple = 20 self.maxdict = 10 self.maxstring = self.maxother = 100 def escape(self, text): return replace(text, '&', '&amp;', '<', '&lt;', '>', '&gt;') def repr(self, object): return Repr.repr(self, object) def repr1(self, x, level): if hasattr(type(x), '__name__'): methodname = 'repr_' + '_'.join(type(x).__name__.split()) if hasattr(self, methodname): return getattr(self, methodname)(x, level) return self.escape(cram(stripid(repr(x)), self.maxother)) def repr_string(self, x, level): test = cram(x, self.maxstring) testrepr = repr(test) if '\\' in test and '\\' not in replace(testrepr, r'\\', ''): # Backslashes are only literal in the string and are never # needed to make any special characters, so show a raw string. return 'r' + testrepr[0] + self.escape(test) + testrepr[0] return re.sub(r'((\\[\\abfnrtv\'"]|\\[0-9]..|\\x..|\\u....)+)', r'<font color="#c040c0">\1</font>', self.escape(testrepr)) repr_str = repr_string def repr_instance(self, x, level): try: return self.escape(cram(stripid(repr(x)), self.maxstring)) except: return self.escape('<%s instance>' % x.__class__.__name__) repr_unicode = repr_string class HTMLDoc(Doc): """Formatter class for HTML documentation.""" # ------------------------------------------- HTML formatting utilities _repr_instance = HTMLRepr() repr = _repr_instance.repr escape = _repr_instance.escape def page(self, title, contents): """Format an HTML page.""" return '''\ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <html><head><title>Python: %s</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> </head><body bgcolor="#f0f0f8"> %s </body></html>''' % (title, contents) def heading(self, title, fgcol, bgcol, extras=''): """Format a page heading.""" return ''' <table width="100%%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="heading"> <tr bgcolor="%s"> <td valign=bottom>&nbsp;<br> <font color="%s" face="helvetica, arial">&nbsp;<br>%s</font></td ><td align=right valign=bottom ><font color="%s" face="helvetica, arial">%s</font></td></tr></table> ''' % (bgcol, fgcol, title, fgcol, extras or '&nbsp;') def section(self, title, fgcol, bgcol, contents, width=6, prelude='', marginalia=None, gap='&nbsp;'): """Format a section with a heading.""" if marginalia is None: marginalia = '<tt>' + '&nbsp;' * width + '</tt>' result = '''<p> <table width="100%%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="section"> <tr bgcolor="%s"> <td colspan=3 valign=bottom>&nbsp;<br> <font color="%s" face="helvetica, arial">%s</font></td></tr> ''' % (bgcol, fgcol, title) if prelude: result = result + ''' <tr bgcolor="%s"><td rowspan=2>%s</td> <td colspan=2>%s</td></tr> <tr><td>%s</td>''' % (bgcol, marginalia, prelude, gap) else: result = result + ''' <tr><td bgcolor="%s">%s</td><td>%s</td>''' % (bgcol, marginalia, gap) return result + '\n<td width="100%%">%s</td></tr></table>' % contents def bigsection(self, title, *args): """Format a section with a big heading.""" title = '<big><strong>%s</strong></big>' % title return self.section(title, *args) def preformat(self, text): """Format literal preformatted text.""" text = self.escape(text.expandtabs()) return replace(text, '\n\n', '\n \n', '\n\n', '\n \n', ' ', '&nbsp;', '\n', '<br>\n') def multicolumn(self, list, format, cols=4): """Format a list of items into a multi-column list.""" result = '' rows = (len(list)+cols-1)//cols for col in range(cols): result = result + '<td width="%d%%" valign=top>' % (100//cols) for i in range(rows*col, rows*col+rows): if i < len(list): result = result + format(list[i]) + '<br>\n' result = result + '</td>' return '<table width="100%%" summary="list"><tr>%s</tr></table>' % result def grey(self, text): return '<font color="#909090">%s</font>' % text def namelink(self, name, *dicts): """Make a link for an identifier, given name-to-URL mappings.""" for dict in dicts: if name in dict: return '<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (dict[name], name) return name def classlink(self, object, modname): """Make a link for a class.""" name, module = object.__name__, sys.modules.get(object.__module__) if hasattr(module, name) and getattr(module, name) is object: return '<a href="%s.html#%s">%s</a>' % ( module.__name__, name, classname(object, modname)) return classname(object, modname) def modulelink(self, object): """Make a link for a module.""" return '<a href="%s.html">%s</a>' % (object.__name__, object.__name__) def modpkglink(self, modpkginfo): """Make a link for a module or package to display in an index.""" name, path, ispackage, shadowed = modpkginfo if shadowed: return self.grey(name) if path: url = '%s.%s.html' % (path, name) else: url = '%s.html' % name if ispackage: text = '<strong>%s</strong>&nbsp;(package)' % name else: text = name return '<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (url, text) def filelink(self, url, path): """Make a link to source file.""" return '<a href="file:%s">%s</a>' % (url, path) def markup(self, text, escape=None, funcs={}, classes={}, methods={}): """Mark up some plain text, given a context of symbols to look for. Each context dictionary maps object names to anchor names.""" escape = escape or self.escape results = [] here = 0 pattern = re.compile(r'\b((http|ftp)://\S+[\w/]|' r'RFC[- ]?(\d+)|' r'PEP[- ]?(\d+)|' r'(self\.)?(\w+))') while True: match = pattern.search(text, here) if not match: break start, end = match.span() results.append(escape(text[here:start])) all, scheme, rfc, pep, selfdot, name = match.groups() if scheme: url = escape(all).replace('"', '&quot;') results.append('<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (url, url)) elif rfc: url = 'http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc%d.txt' % int(rfc) results.append('<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (url, escape(all))) elif pep: url = 'http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-%04d/' % int(pep) results.append('<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (url, escape(all))) elif text[end:end+1] == '(': results.append(self.namelink(name, methods, funcs, classes)) elif selfdot: results.append('self.<strong>%s</strong>' % name) else: results.append(self.namelink(name, classes)) here = end results.append(escape(text[here:])) return ''.join(results) # ---------------------------------------------- type-specific routines def formattree(self, tree, modname, parent=None): """Produce HTML for a class tree as given by inspect.getclasstree().""" result = '' for entry in tree: if type(entry) is type(()): c, bases = entry result = result + '<dt><font face="helvetica, arial">' result = result + self.classlink(c, modname) if bases and bases != (parent,): parents = [] for base in bases: parents.append(self.classlink(base, modname)) result = result + '(' + ', '.join(parents) + ')' result = result + '\n</font></dt>' elif type(entry) is type([]): result = result + '<dd>\n%s</dd>\n' % self.formattree( entry, modname, c) return '<dl>\n%s</dl>\n' % result def docmodule(self, object, name=None, mod=None, *ignored): """Produce HTML documentation for a module object.""" name = object.__name__ # ignore the passed-in name try: all = object.__all__ except AttributeError: all = None parts = name.split('.') links = [] for i in range(len(parts)-1): links.append( '<a href="%s.html"><font color="#ffffff">%s</font></a>' % ('.'.join(parts[:i+1]), parts[i])) linkedname = '.'.join(links + parts[-1:]) head = '<big><big><strong>%s</strong></big></big>' % linkedname try: path = inspect.getabsfile(object) url = path if sys.platform == 'win32': import nturl2path url = nturl2path.pathname2url(path) filelink = self.filelink(url, path) except TypeError: filelink = '(built-in)' info = [] if hasattr(object, '__version__'): version = str(object.__version__) if version[:11] == '$' + 'Revision: ' and version[-1:] == '$': version = version[11:-1].strip() info.append('version %s' % self.escape(version)) if hasattr(object, '__date__'): info.append(self.escape(str(object.__date__))) if info: head = head + ' (%s)' % ', '.join(info) docloc = self.getdocloc(object) if docloc is not None: docloc = '<br><a href="%(docloc)s">Module Reference</a>' % locals() else: docloc = '' result = self.heading( head, '#ffffff', '#7799ee', '<a href=".">index</a><br>' + filelink + docloc) modules = inspect.getmembers(object, inspect.ismodule) classes, cdict = [], {} for key, value in inspect.getmembers(object, inspect.isclass): # if __all__ exists, believe it. Otherwise use old heuristic. if (all is not None or (inspect.getmodule(value) or object) is object): if visiblename(key, all, object): classes.append((key, value)) cdict[key] = cdict[value] = '#' + key for key, value in classes: for base in value.__bases__: key, modname = base.__name__, base.__module__ module = sys.modules.get(modname) if modname != name and module and hasattr(module, key): if getattr(module, key) is base: if not key in cdict: cdict[key] = cdict[base] = modname + '.html#' + key funcs, fdict = [], {} for key, value in inspect.getmembers(object, inspect.isroutine): # if __all__ exists, believe it. Otherwise use old heuristic. if (all is not None or inspect.isbuiltin(value) or inspect.getmodule(value) is object): if visiblename(key, all, object): funcs.append((key, value)) fdict[key] = '#-' + key if inspect.isfunction(value): fdict[value] = fdict[key] data = [] for key, value in inspect.getmembers(object, isdata): if visiblename(key, all, object): data.append((key, value)) doc = self.markup(getdoc(object), self.preformat, fdict, cdict) doc = doc and '<tt>%s</tt>' % doc result = result + '<p>%s</p>\n' % doc if hasattr(object, '__path__'): modpkgs = [] for importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.iter_modules(object.__path__): modpkgs.append((modname, name, ispkg, 0)) modpkgs.sort() contents = self.multicolumn(modpkgs, self.modpkglink) result = result + self.bigsection( 'Package Contents', '#ffffff', '#aa55cc', contents) elif modules: contents = self.multicolumn( modules, lambda t: self.modulelink(t[1])) result = result + self.bigsection( 'Modules', '#ffffff', '#aa55cc', contents) if classes: classlist = [value for (key, value) in classes] contents = [ self.formattree(inspect.getclasstree(classlist, 1), name)] for key, value in classes: contents.append(self.document(value, key, name, fdict, cdict)) result = result + self.bigsection( 'Classes', '#ffffff', '#ee77aa', ' '.join(contents)) if funcs: contents = [] for key, value in funcs: contents.append(self.document(value, key, name, fdict, cdict)) result = result + self.bigsection( 'Functions', '#ffffff', '#eeaa77', ' '.join(contents)) if data: contents = [] for key, value in data: contents.append(self.document(value, key)) result = result + self.bigsection( 'Data', '#ffffff', '#55aa55', '<br>\n'.join(contents)) if hasattr(object, '__author__'): contents = self.markup(str(object.__author__), self.preformat) result = result + self.bigsection( 'Author', '#ffffff', '#7799ee', contents) if hasattr(object, '__credits__'): contents = self.markup(str(object.__credits__), self.preformat) result = result + self.bigsection( 'Credits', '#ffffff', '#7799ee', contents) return result def docclass(self, object, name=None, mod=None, funcs={}, classes={}, *ignored): """Produce HTML documentation for a class object.""" realname = object.__name__ name = name or realname bases = object.__bases__ contents = [] push = contents.append # Cute little class to pump out a horizontal rule between sections. class HorizontalRule: def __init__(self): self.needone = 0 def maybe(self): if self.needone: push('<hr>\n') self.needone = 1 hr = HorizontalRule() # List the mro, if non-trivial. mro = deque(inspect.getmro(object)) if len(mro) > 2: hr.maybe() push('<dl><dt>Method resolution order:</dt>\n') for base in mro: push('<dd>%s</dd>\n' % self.classlink(base, object.__module__)) push('</dl>\n') def spill(msg, attrs, predicate): ok, attrs = _split_list(attrs, predicate) if ok: hr.maybe() push(msg) for name, kind, homecls, value in ok: try: value = getattr(object, name) except Exception: # Some descriptors may meet a failure in their __get__. # (bug #1785) push(self._docdescriptor(name, value, mod)) else: push(self.document(value, name, mod, funcs, classes, mdict, object)) push('\n') return attrs def spilldescriptors(msg, attrs, predicate): ok, attrs = _split_list(attrs, predicate) if ok: hr.maybe() push(msg) for name, kind, homecls, value in ok: push(self._docdescriptor(name, value, mod)) return attrs def spilldata(msg, attrs, predicate): ok, attrs = _split_list(attrs, predicate) if ok: hr.maybe() push(msg) for name, kind, homecls, value in ok: base = self.docother(getattr(object, name), name, mod) if callable(value) or inspect.isdatadescriptor(value): doc = getattr(value, "__doc__", None) else: doc = None if doc is None: push('<dl><dt>%s</dl>\n' % base) else: doc = self.markup(getdoc(value), self.preformat, funcs, classes, mdict) doc = '<dd><tt>%s</tt>' % doc push('<dl><dt>%s%s</dl>\n' % (base, doc)) push('\n') return attrs attrs = [(name, kind, cls, value) for name, kind, cls, value in classify_class_attrs(object) if visiblename(name, obj=object)] mdict = {} for key, kind, homecls, value in attrs: mdict[key] = anchor = '#' + name + '-' + key try: value = getattr(object, name) except Exception: # Some descriptors may meet a failure in their __get__. # (bug #1785) pass try: # The value may not be hashable (e.g., a data attr with # a dict or list value). mdict[value] = anchor except TypeError: pass while attrs: if mro: thisclass = mro.popleft() else: thisclass = attrs[0][2] attrs, inherited = _split_list(attrs, lambda t: t[2] is thisclass) if thisclass is builtins.object: attrs = inherited continue elif thisclass is object: tag = 'defined here' else: tag = 'inherited from %s' % self.classlink(thisclass, object.__module__) tag += ':<br>\n' # Sort attrs by name. attrs.sort(key=lambda t: t[0]) # Pump out the attrs, segregated by kind. attrs = spill('Methods %s' % tag, attrs, lambda t: t[1] == 'method') attrs = spill('Class methods %s' % tag, attrs, lambda t: t[1] == 'class method') attrs = spill('Static methods %s' % tag, attrs, lambda t: t[1] == 'static method') attrs = spilldescriptors('Data descriptors %s' % tag, attrs, lambda t: t[1] == 'data descriptor') attrs = spilldata('Data and other attributes %s' % tag, attrs, lambda t: t[1] == 'data') assert attrs == [] attrs = inherited contents = ''.join(contents) if name == realname: title = '<a name="%s">class <strong>%s</strong></a>' % ( name, realname) else: title = '<strong>%s</strong> = <a name="%s">class %s</a>' % ( name, name, realname) if bases: parents = [] for base in bases: parents.append(self.classlink(base, object.__module__)) title = title + '(%s)' % ', '.join(parents) doc = self.markup(getdoc(object), self.preformat, funcs, classes, mdict) doc = doc and '<tt>%s<br>&nbsp;</tt>' % doc return self.section(title, '#000000', '#ffc8d8', contents, 3, doc) def formatvalue(self, object): """Format an argument default value as text.""" return self.grey('=' + self.repr(object)) def docroutine(self, object, name=None, mod=None, funcs={}, classes={}, methods={}, cl=None): """Produce HTML documentation for a function or method object.""" realname = object.__name__ name = name or realname anchor = (cl and cl.__name__ or '') + '-' + name note = '' skipdocs = 0 if inspect.ismethod(object): imclass = object.__self__.__class__ if cl: if imclass is not cl: note = ' from ' + self.classlink(imclass, mod) else: if object.__self__ is not None: note = ' method of %s instance' % self.classlink( object.__self__.__class__, mod) else: note = ' unbound %s method' % self.classlink(imclass,mod) object = object.__func__ if name == realname: title = '<a name="%s"><strong>%s</strong></a>' % (anchor, realname) else: if (cl and realname in cl.__dict__ and cl.__dict__[realname] is object): reallink = '<a href="#%s">%s</a>' % ( cl.__name__ + '-' + realname, realname) skipdocs = 1 else: reallink = realname title = '<a name="%s"><strong>%s</strong></a> = %s' % ( anchor, name, reallink) if inspect.isfunction(object): args, varargs, kwonlyargs, kwdefaults, varkw, defaults, ann = \ inspect.getfullargspec(object) argspec = inspect.formatargspec( args, varargs, kwonlyargs, kwdefaults, varkw, defaults, ann, formatvalue=self.formatvalue, formatannotation=inspect.formatannotationrelativeto(object)) if realname == '<lambda>': title = '<strong>%s</strong> <em>lambda</em> ' % name # XXX lambda's won't usually have func_annotations['return'] # since the syntax doesn't support but it is possible. # So removing parentheses isn't truly safe. argspec = argspec[1:-1] # remove parentheses else: argspec = '(...)' decl = title + argspec + (note and self.grey( '<font face="helvetica, arial">%s</font>' % note)) if skipdocs: return '<dl><dt>%s</dt></dl>\n' % decl else: doc = self.markup( getdoc(object), self.preformat, funcs, classes, methods) doc = doc and '<dd><tt>%s</tt></dd>' % doc return '<dl><dt>%s</dt>%s</dl>\n' % (decl, doc) def _docdescriptor(self, name, value, mod): results = [] push = results.append if name: push('<dl><dt><strong>%s</strong></dt>\n' % name) if value.__doc__ is not None: doc = self.markup(getdoc(value), self.preformat) push('<dd><tt>%s</tt></dd>\n' % doc) push('</dl>\n') return ''.join(results) def docproperty(self, object, name=None, mod=None, cl=None): """Produce html documentation for a property.""" return self._docdescriptor(name, object, mod) def docother(self, object, name=None, mod=None, *ignored): """Produce HTML documentation for a data object.""" lhs = name and '<strong>%s</strong> = ' % name or '' return lhs + self.repr(object) def docdata(self, object, name=None, mod=None, cl=None): """Produce html documentation for a data descriptor.""" return self._docdescriptor(name, object, mod) def index(self, dir, shadowed=None): """Generate an HTML index for a directory of modules.""" modpkgs = [] if shadowed is None: shadowed = {} for importer, name, ispkg in pkgutil.iter_modules([dir]): if any((0xD800 <= ord(ch) <= 0xDFFF) for ch in name): # ignore a module if its name contains a surrogate character continue modpkgs.append((name, '', ispkg, name in shadowed)) shadowed[name] = 1 modpkgs.sort() contents = self.multicolumn(modpkgs, self.modpkglink) return self.bigsection(dir, '#ffffff', '#ee77aa', contents) # -------------------------------------------- text documentation generator class TextRepr(Repr): """Class for safely making a text representation of a Python object.""" def __init__(self): Repr.__init__(self) self.maxlist = self.maxtuple = 20 self.maxdict = 10 self.maxstring = self.maxother = 100 def repr1(self, x, level): if hasattr(type(x), '__name__'): methodname = 'repr_' + '_'.join(type(x).__name__.split()) if hasattr(self, methodname): return getattr(self, methodname)(x, level) return cram(stripid(repr(x)), self.maxother) def repr_string(self, x, level): test = cram(x, self.maxstring) testrepr = repr(test) if '\\' in test and '\\' not in replace(testrepr, r'\\', ''): # Backslashes are only literal in the string and are never # needed to make any special characters, so show a raw string. return 'r' + testrepr[0] + test + testrepr[0] return testrepr repr_str = repr_string def repr_instance(self, x, level): try: return cram(stripid(repr(x)), self.maxstring) except: return '<%s instance>' % x.__class__.__name__ class TextDoc(Doc): """Formatter class for text documentation.""" # ------------------------------------------- text formatting utilities _repr_instance = TextRepr() repr = _repr_instance.repr def bold(self, text): """Format a string in bold by overstriking.""" return ''.join(ch + '\b' + ch for ch in text) def indent(self, text, prefix=' '): """Indent text by prepending a given prefix to each line.""" if not text: return '' lines = [prefix + line for line in text.split('\n')] if lines: lines[-1] = lines[-1].rstrip() return '\n'.join(lines) def section(self, title, contents): """Format a section with a given heading.""" clean_contents = self.indent(contents).rstrip() return self.bold(title) + '\n' + clean_contents + '\n\n' # ---------------------------------------------- type-specific routines def formattree(self, tree, modname, parent=None, prefix=''): """Render in text a class tree as returned by inspect.getclasstree().""" result = '' for entry in tree: if type(entry) is type(()): c, bases = entry result = result + prefix + classname(c, modname) if bases and bases != (parent,): parents = (classname(c, modname) for c in bases) result = result + '(%s)' % ', '.join(parents) result = result + '\n' elif type(entry) is type([]): result = result + self.formattree( entry, modname, c, prefix + ' ') return result def docmodule(self, object, name=None, mod=None): """Produce text documentation for a given module object.""" name = object.__name__ # ignore the passed-in name synop, desc = splitdoc(getdoc(object)) result = self.section('NAME', name + (synop and ' - ' + synop)) all = getattr(object, '__all__', None) docloc = self.getdocloc(object) if docloc is not None: result = result + self.section('MODULE REFERENCE', docloc + """ The following documentation is automatically generated from the Python source files. It may be incomplete, incorrect or include features that are considered implementation detail and may vary between Python implementations. When in doubt, consult the module reference at the location listed above. """) if desc: result = result + self.section('DESCRIPTION', desc) classes = [] for key, value in inspect.getmembers(object, inspect.isclass): # if __all__ exists, believe it. Otherwise use old heuristic. if (all is not None or (inspect.getmodule(value) or object) is object): if visiblename(key, all, object): classes.append((key, value)) funcs = [] for key, value in inspect.getmembers(object, inspect.isroutine): # if __all__ exists, believe it. Otherwise use old heuristic. if (all is not None or inspect.isbuiltin(value) or inspect.getmodule(value) is object): if visiblename(key, all, object): funcs.append((key, value)) data = [] for key, value in inspect.getmembers(object, isdata): if visiblename(key, all, object): data.append((key, value)) modpkgs = [] modpkgs_names = set() if hasattr(object, '__path__'): for importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.iter_modules(object.__path__): modpkgs_names.add(modname) if ispkg: modpkgs.append(modname + ' (package)') else: modpkgs.append(modname) modpkgs.sort() result = result + self.section( 'PACKAGE CONTENTS', '\n'.join(modpkgs)) # Detect submodules as sometimes created by C extensions submodules = [] for key, value in inspect.getmembers(object, inspect.ismodule): if value.__name__.startswith(name + '.') and key not in modpkgs_names: submodules.append(key) if submodules: submodules.sort() result = result + self.section( 'SUBMODULES', '\n'.join(submodules)) if classes: classlist = [value for key, value in classes] contents = [self.formattree( inspect.getclasstree(classlist, 1), name)] for key, value in classes: contents.append(self.document(value, key, name)) result = result + self.section('CLASSES', '\n'.join(contents)) if funcs: contents = [] for key, value in funcs: contents.append(self.document(value, key, name)) result = result + self.section('FUNCTIONS', '\n'.join(contents)) if data: contents = [] for key, value in data: contents.append(self.docother(value, key, name, maxlen=70)) result = result + self.section('DATA', '\n'.join(contents)) if hasattr(object, '__version__'): version = str(object.__version__) if version[:11] == '$' + 'Revision: ' and version[-1:] == '$': version = version[11:-1].strip() result = result + self.section('VERSION', version) if hasattr(object, '__date__'): result = result + self.section('DATE', str(object.__date__)) if hasattr(object, '__author__'): result = result + self.section('AUTHOR', str(object.__author__)) if hasattr(object, '__credits__'): result = result + self.section('CREDITS', str(object.__credits__)) try: file = inspect.getabsfile(object) except TypeError: file = '(built-in)' result = result + self.section('FILE', file) return result def docclass(self, object, name=None, mod=None, *ignored): """Produce text documentation for a given class object.""" realname = object.__name__ name = name or realname bases = object.__bases__ def makename(c, m=object.__module__): return classname(c, m) if name == realname: title = 'class ' + self.bold(realname) else: title = self.bold(name) + ' = class ' + realname if bases: parents = map(makename, bases) title = title + '(%s)' % ', '.join(parents) doc = getdoc(object) contents = doc and [doc + '\n'] or [] push = contents.append # List the mro, if non-trivial. mro = deque(inspect.getmro(object)) if len(mro) > 2: push("Method resolution order:") for base in mro: push(' ' + makename(base)) push('') # Cute little class to pump out a horizontal rule between sections. class HorizontalRule: def __init__(self): self.needone = 0 def maybe(self): if self.needone: push('-' * 70) self.needone = 1 hr = HorizontalRule() def spill(msg, attrs, predicate): ok, attrs = _split_list(attrs, predicate) if ok: hr.maybe() push(msg) for name, kind, homecls, value in ok: try: value = getattr(object, name) except Exception: # Some descriptors may meet a failure in their __get__. # (bug #1785) push(self._docdescriptor(name, value, mod)) else: push(self.document(value, name, mod, object)) return attrs def spilldescriptors(msg, attrs, predicate): ok, attrs = _split_list(attrs, predicate) if ok: hr.maybe() push(msg) for name, kind, homecls, value in ok: push(self._docdescriptor(name, value, mod)) return attrs def spilldata(msg, attrs, predicate): ok, attrs = _split_list(attrs, predicate) if ok: hr.maybe() push(msg) for name, kind, homecls, value in ok: if callable(value) or inspect.isdatadescriptor(value): doc = getdoc(value) else: doc = None push(self.docother(getattr(object, name), name, mod, maxlen=70, doc=doc) + '\n') return attrs attrs = [(name, kind, cls, value) for name, kind, cls, value in classify_class_attrs(object) if visiblename(name, obj=object)] while attrs: if mro: thisclass = mro.popleft() else: thisclass = attrs[0][2] attrs, inherited = _split_list(attrs, lambda t: t[2] is thisclass) if thisclass is builtins.object: attrs = inherited continue elif thisclass is object: tag = "defined here" else: tag = "inherited from %s" % classname(thisclass, object.__module__) # Sort attrs by name. attrs.sort() # Pump out the attrs, segregated by kind. attrs = spill("Methods %s:\n" % tag, attrs, lambda t: t[1] == 'method') attrs = spill("Class methods %s:\n" % tag, attrs, lambda t: t[1] == 'class method') attrs = spill("Static methods %s:\n" % tag, attrs, lambda t: t[1] == 'static method') attrs = spilldescriptors("Data descriptors %s:\n" % tag, attrs, lambda t: t[1] == 'data descriptor') attrs = spilldata("Data and other attributes %s:\n" % tag, attrs, lambda t: t[1] == 'data') assert attrs == [] attrs = inherited contents = '\n'.join(contents) if not contents: return title + '\n' return title + '\n' + self.indent(contents.rstrip(), ' | ') + '\n' def formatvalue(self, object): """Format an argument default value as text.""" return '=' + self.repr(object) def docroutine(self, object, name=None, mod=None, cl=None): """Produce text documentation for a function or method object.""" realname = object.__name__ name = name or realname note = '' skipdocs = 0 if inspect.ismethod(object): imclass = object.__self__.__class__ if cl: if imclass is not cl: note = ' from ' + classname(imclass, mod) else: if object.__self__ is not None: note = ' method of %s instance' % classname( object.__self__.__class__, mod) else: note = ' unbound %s method' % classname(imclass,mod) object = object.__func__ if name == realname: title = self.bold(realname) else: if (cl and realname in cl.__dict__ and cl.__dict__[realname] is object): skipdocs = 1 title = self.bold(name) + ' = ' + realname if inspect.isfunction(object): args, varargs, varkw, defaults, kwonlyargs, kwdefaults, ann = \ inspect.getfullargspec(object) argspec = inspect.formatargspec( args, varargs, varkw, defaults, kwonlyargs, kwdefaults, ann, formatvalue=self.formatvalue, formatannotation=inspect.formatannotationrelativeto(object)) if realname == '<lambda>': title = self.bold(name) + ' lambda ' # XXX lambda's won't usually have func_annotations['return'] # since the syntax doesn't support but it is possible. # So removing parentheses isn't truly safe. argspec = argspec[1:-1] # remove parentheses else: argspec = '(...)' decl = title + argspec + note if skipdocs: return decl + '\n' else: doc = getdoc(object) or '' return decl + '\n' + (doc and self.indent(doc).rstrip() + '\n') def _docdescriptor(self, name, value, mod): results = [] push = results.append if name: push(self.bold(name)) push('\n') doc = getdoc(value) or '' if doc: push(self.indent(doc)) push('\n') return ''.join(results) def docproperty(self, object, name=None, mod=None, cl=None): """Produce text documentation for a property.""" return self._docdescriptor(name, object, mod) def docdata(self, object, name=None, mod=None, cl=None): """Produce text documentation for a data descriptor.""" return self._docdescriptor(name, object, mod) def docother(self, object, name=None, mod=None, parent=None, maxlen=None, doc=None): """Produce text documentation for a data object.""" repr = self.repr(object) if maxlen: line = (name and name + ' = ' or '') + repr chop = maxlen - len(line) if chop < 0: repr = repr[:chop] + '...' line = (name and self.bold(name) + ' = ' or '') + repr if doc is not None: line += '\n' + self.indent(str(doc)) return line class _PlainTextDoc(TextDoc): """Subclass of TextDoc which overrides string styling""" def bold(self, text): return text # --------------------------------------------------------- user interfaces def pager(text): """The first time this is called, determine what kind of pager to use.""" global pager pager = getpager() pager(text) def getpager(): """Decide what method to use for paging through text.""" if not hasattr(sys.stdout, "isatty"): return plainpager if not sys.stdin.isatty() or not sys.stdout.isatty(): return plainpager if 'PAGER' in os.environ: if sys.platform == 'win32': # pipes completely broken in Windows return lambda text: tempfilepager(plain(text), os.environ['PAGER']) elif os.environ.get('TERM') in ('dumb', 'emacs'): return lambda text: pipepager(plain(text), os.environ['PAGER']) else: return lambda text: pipepager(text, os.environ['PAGER']) if os.environ.get('TERM') in ('dumb', 'emacs'): return plainpager if sys.platform == 'win32' or sys.platform.startswith('os2'): return lambda text: tempfilepager(plain(text), 'more <') if hasattr(os, 'system') and os.system('(less) 2>/dev/null') == 0: return lambda text: pipepager(text, 'less') import tempfile (fd, filename) = tempfile.mkstemp() os.close(fd) try: if hasattr(os, 'system') and os.system('more "%s"' % filename) == 0: return lambda text: pipepager(text, 'more') else: return ttypager finally: os.unlink(filename) def plain(text): """Remove boldface formatting from text.""" return re.sub('.\b', '', text) def pipepager(text, cmd): """Page through text by feeding it to another program.""" pipe = os.popen(cmd, 'w') try: pipe.write(text) pipe.close() except IOError: pass # Ignore broken pipes caused by quitting the pager program. def tempfilepager(text, cmd): """Page through text by invoking a program on a temporary file.""" import tempfile filename = tempfile.mktemp() file = open(filename, 'w') file.write(text) file.close() try: os.system(cmd + ' "' + filename + '"') finally: os.unlink(filename) def ttypager(text): """Page through text on a text terminal.""" lines = plain(text).split('\n') try: import tty fd = sys.stdin.fileno() old = tty.tcgetattr(fd) tty.setcbreak(fd) getchar = lambda: sys.stdin.read(1) except (ImportError, AttributeError): tty = None getchar = lambda: sys.stdin.readline()[:-1][:1] try: r = inc = os.environ.get('LINES', 25) - 1 sys.stdout.write('\n'.join(lines[:inc]) + '\n') while lines[r:]: sys.stdout.write('-- more --') sys.stdout.flush() c = getchar() if c in ('q', 'Q'): sys.stdout.write('\r \r') break elif c in ('\r', '\n'): sys.stdout.write('\r \r' + lines[r] + '\n') r = r + 1 continue if c in ('b', 'B', '\x1b'): r = r - inc - inc if r < 0: r = 0 sys.stdout.write('\n' + '\n'.join(lines[r:r+inc]) + '\n') r = r + inc finally: if tty: tty.tcsetattr(fd, tty.TCSAFLUSH, old) def plainpager(text): """Simply print unformatted text. This is the ultimate fallback.""" sys.stdout.write(plain(text)) def describe(thing): """Produce a short description of the given thing.""" if inspect.ismodule(thing): if thing.__name__ in sys.builtin_module_names: return 'built-in module ' + thing.__name__ if hasattr(thing, '__path__'): return 'package ' + thing.__name__ else: return 'module ' + thing.__name__ if inspect.isbuiltin(thing): return 'built-in function ' + thing.__name__ if inspect.isgetsetdescriptor(thing): return 'getset descriptor %s.%s.%s' % ( thing.__objclass__.__module__, thing.__objclass__.__name__, thing.__name__) if inspect.ismemberdescriptor(thing): return 'member descriptor %s.%s.%s' % ( thing.__objclass__.__module__, thing.__objclass__.__name__, thing.__name__) if inspect.isclass(thing): return 'class ' + thing.__name__ if inspect.isfunction(thing): return 'function ' + thing.__name__ if inspect.ismethod(thing): return 'method ' + thing.__name__ return type(thing).__name__ def locate(path, forceload=0): """Locate an object by name or dotted path, importing as necessary.""" parts = [part for part in path.split('.') if part] module, n = None, 0 while n < len(parts): nextmodule = safeimport('.'.join(parts[:n+1]), forceload) if nextmodule: module, n = nextmodule, n + 1 else: break if module: object = module else: object = builtins for part in parts[n:]: try: object = getattr(object, part) except AttributeError: return None return object # --------------------------------------- interactive interpreter interface text = TextDoc() plaintext = _PlainTextDoc() html = HTMLDoc() def resolve(thing, forceload=0): """Given an object or a path to an object, get the object and its name.""" if isinstance(thing, str): object = locate(thing, forceload) if not object: raise ImportError('no Python documentation found for %r' % thing) return object, thing else: name = getattr(thing, '__name__', None) return thing, name if isinstance(name, str) else None def render_doc(thing, title='Python Library Documentation: %s', forceload=0, renderer=None): """Render text documentation, given an object or a path to an object.""" if renderer is None: renderer = text object, name = resolve(thing, forceload) desc = describe(object) module = inspect.getmodule(object) if name and '.' in name: desc += ' in ' + name[:name.rfind('.')] elif module and module is not object: desc += ' in module ' + module.__name__ if not (inspect.ismodule(object) or inspect.isclass(object) or inspect.isroutine(object) or inspect.isgetsetdescriptor(object) or inspect.ismemberdescriptor(object) or isinstance(object, property)): # If the passed object is a piece of data or an instance, # document its available methods instead of its value. object = type(object) desc += ' object' return title % desc + '\n\n' + renderer.document(object, name) def doc(thing, title='Python Library Documentation: %s', forceload=0, output=None): """Display text documentation, given an object or a path to an object.""" try: if output is None: pager(render_doc(thing, title, forceload)) else: output.write(render_doc(thing, title, forceload, plaintext)) except (ImportError, ErrorDuringImport) as value: print(value) def writedoc(thing, forceload=0): """Write HTML documentation to a file in the current directory.""" try: object, name = resolve(thing, forceload) page = html.page(describe(object), html.document(object, name)) file = open(name + '.html', 'w', encoding='utf-8') file.write(page) file.close() print('wrote', name + '.html') except (ImportError, ErrorDuringImport) as value: print(value) def writedocs(dir, pkgpath='', done=None): """Write out HTML documentation for all modules in a directory tree.""" if done is None: done = {} for importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.walk_packages([dir], pkgpath): writedoc(modname) return class Helper: # These dictionaries map a topic name to either an alias, or a tuple # (label, seealso-items). The "label" is the label of the corresponding # section in the .rst file under Doc/ and an index into the dictionary # in pydoc_data/topics.py. # # CAUTION: if you change one of these dictionaries, be sure to adapt the # list of needed labels in Doc/tools/sphinxext/pyspecific.py and # regenerate the pydoc_data/topics.py file by running # make pydoc-topics # in Doc/ and copying the output file into the Lib/ directory. keywords = { 'False': '', 'None': '', 'True': '', 'and': 'BOOLEAN', 'as': 'with', 'assert': ('assert', ''), 'break': ('break', 'while for'), 'class': ('class', 'CLASSES SPECIALMETHODS'), 'continue': ('continue', 'while for'), 'def': ('function', ''), 'del': ('del', 'BASICMETHODS'), 'elif': 'if', 'else': ('else', 'while for'), 'except': 'try', 'finally': 'try', 'for': ('for', 'break continue while'), 'from': 'import', 'global': ('global', 'nonlocal NAMESPACES'), 'if': ('if', 'TRUTHVALUE'), 'import': ('import', 'MODULES'), 'in': ('in', 'SEQUENCEMETHODS'), 'is': 'COMPARISON', 'lambda': ('lambda', 'FUNCTIONS'), 'nonlocal': ('nonlocal', 'global NAMESPACES'), 'not': 'BOOLEAN', 'or': 'BOOLEAN', 'pass': ('pass', ''), 'raise': ('raise', 'EXCEPTIONS'), 'return': ('return', 'FUNCTIONS'), 'try': ('try', 'EXCEPTIONS'), 'while': ('while', 'break continue if TRUTHVALUE'), 'with': ('with', 'CONTEXTMANAGERS EXCEPTIONS yield'), 'yield': ('yield', ''), } # Either add symbols to this dictionary or to the symbols dictionary # directly: Whichever is easier. They are merged later. _symbols_inverse = { 'STRINGS' : ("'", "'''", "r'", "b'", '"""', '"', 'r"', 'b"'), 'OPERATORS' : ('+', '-', '*', '**', '/', '//', '%', '<<', '>>', '&', '|', '^', '~', '<', '>', '<=', '>=', '==', '!=', '<>'), 'COMPARISON' : ('<', '>', '<=', '>=', '==', '!=', '<>'), 'UNARY' : ('-', '~'), 'AUGMENTEDASSIGNMENT' : ('+=', '-=', '*=', '/=', '%=', '&=', '|=', '^=', '<<=', '>>=', '**=', '//='), 'BITWISE' : ('<<', '>>', '&', '|', '^', '~'), 'COMPLEX' : ('j', 'J') } symbols = { '%': 'OPERATORS FORMATTING', '**': 'POWER', ',': 'TUPLES LISTS FUNCTIONS', '.': 'ATTRIBUTES FLOAT MODULES OBJECTS', '...': 'ELLIPSIS', ':': 'SLICINGS DICTIONARYLITERALS', '@': 'def class', '\\': 'STRINGS', '_': 'PRIVATENAMES', '__': 'PRIVATENAMES SPECIALMETHODS', '`': 'BACKQUOTES', '(': 'TUPLES FUNCTIONS CALLS', ')': 'TUPLES FUNCTIONS CALLS', '[': 'LISTS SUBSCRIPTS SLICINGS', ']': 'LISTS SUBSCRIPTS SLICINGS' } for topic, symbols_ in _symbols_inverse.items(): for symbol in symbols_: topics = symbols.get(symbol, topic) if topic not in topics: topics = topics + ' ' + topic symbols[symbol] = topics topics = { 'TYPES': ('types', 'STRINGS UNICODE NUMBERS SEQUENCES MAPPINGS ' 'FUNCTIONS CLASSES MODULES FILES inspect'), 'STRINGS': ('strings', 'str UNICODE SEQUENCES STRINGMETHODS ' 'FORMATTING TYPES'), 'STRINGMETHODS': ('string-methods', 'STRINGS FORMATTING'), 'FORMATTING': ('formatstrings', 'OPERATORS'), 'UNICODE': ('strings', 'encodings unicode SEQUENCES STRINGMETHODS ' 'FORMATTING TYPES'), 'NUMBERS': ('numbers', 'INTEGER FLOAT COMPLEX TYPES'), 'INTEGER': ('integers', 'int range'), 'FLOAT': ('floating', 'float math'), 'COMPLEX': ('imaginary', 'complex cmath'), 'SEQUENCES': ('typesseq', 'STRINGMETHODS FORMATTING range LISTS'), 'MAPPINGS': 'DICTIONARIES', 'FUNCTIONS': ('typesfunctions', 'def TYPES'), 'METHODS': ('typesmethods', 'class def CLASSES TYPES'), 'CODEOBJECTS': ('bltin-code-objects', 'compile FUNCTIONS TYPES'), 'TYPEOBJECTS': ('bltin-type-objects', 'types TYPES'), 'FRAMEOBJECTS': 'TYPES', 'TRACEBACKS': 'TYPES', 'NONE': ('bltin-null-object', ''), 'ELLIPSIS': ('bltin-ellipsis-object', 'SLICINGS'), 'FILES': ('bltin-file-objects', ''), 'SPECIALATTRIBUTES': ('specialattrs', ''), 'CLASSES': ('types', 'class SPECIALMETHODS PRIVATENAMES'), 'MODULES': ('typesmodules', 'import'), 'PACKAGES': 'import', 'EXPRESSIONS': ('operator-summary', 'lambda or and not in is BOOLEAN ' 'COMPARISON BITWISE SHIFTING BINARY FORMATTING POWER ' 'UNARY ATTRIBUTES SUBSCRIPTS SLICINGS CALLS TUPLES ' 'LISTS DICTIONARIES'), 'OPERATORS': 'EXPRESSIONS', 'PRECEDENCE': 'EXPRESSIONS', 'OBJECTS': ('objects', 'TYPES'), 'SPECIALMETHODS': ('specialnames', 'BASICMETHODS ATTRIBUTEMETHODS ' 'CALLABLEMETHODS SEQUENCEMETHODS MAPPINGMETHODS ' 'NUMBERMETHODS CLASSES'), 'BASICMETHODS': ('customization', 'hash repr str SPECIALMETHODS'), 'ATTRIBUTEMETHODS': ('attribute-access', 'ATTRIBUTES SPECIALMETHODS'), 'CALLABLEMETHODS': ('callable-types', 'CALLS SPECIALMETHODS'), 'SEQUENCEMETHODS': ('sequence-types', 'SEQUENCES SEQUENCEMETHODS ' 'SPECIALMETHODS'), 'MAPPINGMETHODS': ('sequence-types', 'MAPPINGS SPECIALMETHODS'), 'NUMBERMETHODS': ('numeric-types', 'NUMBERS AUGMENTEDASSIGNMENT ' 'SPECIALMETHODS'), 'EXECUTION': ('execmodel', 'NAMESPACES DYNAMICFEATURES EXCEPTIONS'), 'NAMESPACES': ('naming', 'global nonlocal ASSIGNMENT DELETION DYNAMICFEATURES'), 'DYNAMICFEATURES': ('dynamic-features', ''), 'SCOPING': 'NAMESPACES', 'FRAMES': 'NAMESPACES', 'EXCEPTIONS': ('exceptions', 'try except finally raise'), 'CONVERSIONS': ('conversions', ''), 'IDENTIFIERS': ('identifiers', 'keywords SPECIALIDENTIFIERS'), 'SPECIALIDENTIFIERS': ('id-classes', ''), 'PRIVATENAMES': ('atom-identifiers', ''), 'LITERALS': ('atom-literals', 'STRINGS NUMBERS TUPLELITERALS ' 'LISTLITERALS DICTIONARYLITERALS'), 'TUPLES': 'SEQUENCES', 'TUPLELITERALS': ('exprlists', 'TUPLES LITERALS'), 'LISTS': ('typesseq-mutable', 'LISTLITERALS'), 'LISTLITERALS': ('lists', 'LISTS LITERALS'), 'DICTIONARIES': ('typesmapping', 'DICTIONARYLITERALS'), 'DICTIONARYLITERALS': ('dict', 'DICTIONARIES LITERALS'), 'ATTRIBUTES': ('attribute-references', 'getattr hasattr setattr ATTRIBUTEMETHODS'), 'SUBSCRIPTS': ('subscriptions', 'SEQUENCEMETHODS'), 'SLICINGS': ('slicings', 'SEQUENCEMETHODS'), 'CALLS': ('calls', 'EXPRESSIONS'), 'POWER': ('power', 'EXPRESSIONS'), 'UNARY': ('unary', 'EXPRESSIONS'), 'BINARY': ('binary', 'EXPRESSIONS'), 'SHIFTING': ('shifting', 'EXPRESSIONS'), 'BITWISE': ('bitwise', 'EXPRESSIONS'), 'COMPARISON': ('comparisons', 'EXPRESSIONS BASICMETHODS'), 'BOOLEAN': ('booleans', 'EXPRESSIONS TRUTHVALUE'), 'ASSERTION': 'assert', 'ASSIGNMENT': ('assignment', 'AUGMENTEDASSIGNMENT'), 'AUGMENTEDASSIGNMENT': ('augassign', 'NUMBERMETHODS'), 'DELETION': 'del', 'RETURNING': 'return', 'IMPORTING': 'import', 'CONDITIONAL': 'if', 'LOOPING': ('compound', 'for while break continue'), 'TRUTHVALUE': ('truth', 'if while and or not BASICMETHODS'), 'DEBUGGING': ('debugger', 'pdb'), 'CONTEXTMANAGERS': ('context-managers', 'with'), } def __init__(self, input=None, output=None): self._input = input self._output = output input = property(lambda self: self._input or sys.stdin) output = property(lambda self: self._output or sys.stdout) def __repr__(self): if inspect.stack()[1][3] == '?': self() return '' return '<pydoc.Helper instance>' _GoInteractive = object() def __call__(self, request=_GoInteractive): if request is not self._GoInteractive: self.help(request) else: self.intro() self.interact() self.output.write(''' You are now leaving help and returning to the Python interpreter. If you want to ask for help on a particular object directly from the interpreter, you can type "help(object)". Executing "help('string')" has the same effect as typing a particular string at the help> prompt. ''') def interact(self): self.output.write('\n') while True: try: request = self.getline('help> ') if not request: break except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError): break request = replace(request, '"', '', "'", '').strip() if request.lower() in ('q', 'quit'): break self.help(request) def getline(self, prompt): """Read one line, using input() when appropriate.""" if self.input is sys.stdin: return input(prompt) else: self.output.write(prompt) self.output.flush() return self.input.readline() def help(self, request): if type(request) is type(''): request = request.strip() if request == 'help': self.intro() elif request == 'keywords': self.listkeywords() elif request == 'symbols': self.listsymbols() elif request == 'topics': self.listtopics() elif request == 'modules': self.listmodules() elif request[:8] == 'modules ': self.listmodules(request.split()[1]) elif request in self.symbols: self.showsymbol(request) elif request in ['True', 'False', 'None']: # special case these keywords since they are objects too doc(eval(request), 'Help on %s:') elif request in self.keywords: self.showtopic(request) elif request in self.topics: self.showtopic(request) elif request: doc(request, 'Help on %s:', output=self._output) elif isinstance(request, Helper): self() else: doc(request, 'Help on %s:', output=self._output) self.output.write('\n') def intro(self): self.output.write(''' Welcome to Python %s! This is the interactive help utility. If this is your first time using Python, you should definitely check out the tutorial on the Internet at http://docs.python.org/%s/tutorial/. Enter the name of any module, keyword, or topic to get help on writing Python programs and using Python modules. To quit this help utility and return to the interpreter, just type "quit". To get a list of available modules, keywords, or topics, type "modules", "keywords", or "topics". Each module also comes with a one-line summary of what it does; to list the modules whose summaries contain a given word such as "spam", type "modules spam". ''' % tuple([sys.version[:3]]*2)) def list(self, items, columns=4, width=80): items = list(sorted(items)) colw = width // columns rows = (len(items) + columns - 1) // columns for row in range(rows): for col in range(columns): i = col * rows + row if i < len(items): self.output.write(items[i]) if col < columns - 1: self.output.write(' ' + ' ' * (colw - 1 - len(items[i]))) self.output.write('\n') def listkeywords(self): self.output.write(''' Here is a list of the Python keywords. Enter any keyword to get more help. ''') self.list(self.keywords.keys()) def listsymbols(self): self.output.write(''' Here is a list of the punctuation symbols which Python assigns special meaning to. Enter any symbol to get more help. ''') self.list(self.symbols.keys()) def listtopics(self): self.output.write(''' Here is a list of available topics. Enter any topic name to get more help. ''') self.list(self.topics.keys()) def showtopic(self, topic, more_xrefs=''): try: import pydoc_data.topics except ImportError: self.output.write(''' Sorry, topic and keyword documentation is not available because the module "pydoc_data.topics" could not be found. ''') return target = self.topics.get(topic, self.keywords.get(topic)) if not target: self.output.write('no documentation found for %s\n' % repr(topic)) return if type(target) is type(''): return self.showtopic(target, more_xrefs) label, xrefs = target try: doc = pydoc_data.topics.topics[label] except KeyError: self.output.write('no documentation found for %s\n' % repr(topic)) return pager(doc.strip() + '\n') if more_xrefs: xrefs = (xrefs or '') + ' ' + more_xrefs if xrefs: import formatter buffer = io.StringIO() formatter.DumbWriter(buffer).send_flowing_data( 'Related help topics: ' + ', '.join(xrefs.split()) + '\n') self.output.write('\n%s\n' % buffer.getvalue()) def _gettopic(self, topic, more_xrefs=''): """Return unbuffered tuple of (topic, xrefs). If an error occurs here, the exception is caught and displayed by the url handler. This function duplicates the showtopic method but returns its result directly so it can be formatted for display in an html page. """ try: import pydoc_data.topics except ImportError: return(''' Sorry, topic and keyword documentation is not available because the module "pydoc_data.topics" could not be found. ''' , '') target = self.topics.get(topic, self.keywords.get(topic)) if not target: raise ValueError('could not find topic') if isinstance(target, str): return self._gettopic(target, more_xrefs) label, xrefs = target doc = pydoc_data.topics.topics[label] if more_xrefs: xrefs = (xrefs or '') + ' ' + more_xrefs return doc, xrefs def showsymbol(self, symbol): target = self.symbols[symbol] topic, _, xrefs = target.partition(' ') self.showtopic(topic, xrefs) def listmodules(self, key=''): if key: self.output.write(''' Here is a list of matching modules. Enter any module name to get more help. ''') apropos(key) else: self.output.write(''' Please wait a moment while I gather a list of all available modules... ''') modules = {} def callback(path, modname, desc, modules=modules): if modname and modname[-9:] == '.__init__': modname = modname[:-9] + ' (package)' if modname.find('.') < 0: modules[modname] = 1 def onerror(modname): callback(None, modname, None) ModuleScanner().run(callback, onerror=onerror) self.list(modules.keys()) self.output.write(''' Enter any module name to get more help. Or, type "modules spam" to search for modules whose descriptions contain the word "spam". ''') help = Helper() class Scanner: """A generic tree iterator.""" def __init__(self, roots, children, descendp): self.roots = roots[:] self.state = [] self.children = children self.descendp = descendp def next(self): if not self.state: if not self.roots: return None root = self.roots.pop(0) self.state = [(root, self.children(root))] node, children = self.state[-1] if not children: self.state.pop() return self.next() child = children.pop(0) if self.descendp(child): self.state.append((child, self.children(child))) return child class ModuleScanner: """An interruptible scanner that searches module synopses.""" def run(self, callback, key=None, completer=None, onerror=None): if key: key = key.lower() self.quit = False seen = {} for modname in sys.builtin_module_names: if modname != '__main__': seen[modname] = 1 if key is None: callback(None, modname, '') else: name = __import__(modname).__doc__ or '' desc = name.split('\n')[0] name = modname + ' - ' + desc if name.lower().find(key) >= 0: callback(None, modname, desc) for importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.walk_packages(onerror=onerror): if self.quit: break if key is None: callback(None, modname, '') else: try: loader = importer.find_module(modname) except SyntaxError: # raised by tests for bad coding cookies or BOM continue if hasattr(loader, 'get_source'): try: source = loader.get_source(modname) except Exception: if onerror: onerror(modname) continue desc = source_synopsis(io.StringIO(source)) or '' if hasattr(loader, 'get_filename'): path = loader.get_filename(modname) else: path = None else: try: module = loader.load_module(modname) except ImportError: if onerror: onerror(modname) continue desc = (module.__doc__ or '').splitlines()[0] path = getattr(module,'__file__',None) name = modname + ' - ' + desc if name.lower().find(key) >= 0: callback(path, modname, desc) if completer: completer() def apropos(key): """Print all the one-line module summaries that contain a substring.""" def callback(path, modname, desc): if modname[-9:] == '.__init__': modname = modname[:-9] + ' (package)' print(modname, desc and '- ' + desc) def onerror(modname): pass with warnings.catch_warnings(): warnings.filterwarnings('ignore') # ignore problems during import ModuleScanner().run(callback, key, onerror=onerror) # --------------------------------------- enhanced Web browser interface def _start_server(urlhandler, port): """Start an HTTP server thread on a specific port. Start an HTML/text server thread, so HTML or text documents can be browsed dynamically and interactively with a Web browser. Example use: >>> import time >>> import pydoc Define a URL handler. To determine what the client is asking for, check the URL and content_type. Then get or generate some text or HTML code and return it. >>> def my_url_handler(url, content_type): ... text = 'the URL sent was: (%s, %s)' % (url, content_type) ... return text Start server thread on port 0. If you use port 0, the server will pick a random port number. You can then use serverthread.port to get the port number. >>> port = 0 >>> serverthread = pydoc._start_server(my_url_handler, port) Check that the server is really started. If it is, open browser and get first page. Use serverthread.url as the starting page. >>> if serverthread.serving: ... import webbrowser The next two lines are commented out so a browser doesn't open if doctest is run on this module. #... webbrowser.open(serverthread.url) #True Let the server do its thing. We just need to monitor its status. Use time.sleep so the loop doesn't hog the CPU. >>> starttime = time.time() >>> timeout = 1 #seconds This is a short timeout for testing purposes. >>> while serverthread.serving: ... time.sleep(.01) ... if serverthread.serving and time.time() - starttime > timeout: ... serverthread.stop() ... break Print any errors that may have occurred. >>> print(serverthread.error) None """ import http.server import email.message import select import threading class DocHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler): def do_GET(self): """Process a request from an HTML browser. The URL received is in self.path. Get an HTML page from self.urlhandler and send it. """ if self.path.endswith('.css'): content_type = 'text/css' else: content_type = 'text/html' self.send_response(200) self.send_header('Content-Type', '%s; charset=UTF-8' % content_type) self.end_headers() self.wfile.write(self.urlhandler( self.path, content_type).encode('utf-8')) def log_message(self, *args): # Don't log messages. pass class DocServer(http.server.HTTPServer): def __init__(self, port, callback): self.host = (sys.platform == 'mac') and '127.0.0.1' or 'localhost' self.address = ('', port) self.callback = callback self.base.__init__(self, self.address, self.handler) self.quit = False def serve_until_quit(self): while not self.quit: rd, wr, ex = select.select([self.socket.fileno()], [], [], 1) if rd: self.handle_request() self.server_close() def server_activate(self): self.base.server_activate(self) if self.callback: self.callback(self) class ServerThread(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, urlhandler, port): self.urlhandler = urlhandler self.port = int(port) threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.serving = False self.error = None def run(self): """Start the server.""" try: DocServer.base = http.server.HTTPServer DocServer.handler = DocHandler DocHandler.MessageClass = email.message.Message DocHandler.urlhandler = staticmethod(self.urlhandler) docsvr = DocServer(self.port, self.ready) self.docserver = docsvr docsvr.serve_until_quit() except Exception as e: self.error = e def ready(self, server): self.serving = True self.host = server.host self.port = server.server_port self.url = 'http://%s:%d/' % (self.host, self.port) def stop(self): """Stop the server and this thread nicely""" self.docserver.quit = True self.serving = False self.url = None thread = ServerThread(urlhandler, port) thread.start() # Wait until thread.serving is True to make sure we are # really up before returning. while not thread.error and not thread.serving: time.sleep(.01) return thread def _url_handler(url, content_type="text/html"): """The pydoc url handler for use with the pydoc server. If the content_type is 'text/css', the _pydoc.css style sheet is read and returned if it exits. If the content_type is 'text/html', then the result of get_html_page(url) is returned. """ class _HTMLDoc(HTMLDoc): def page(self, title, contents): """Format an HTML page.""" css_path = "pydoc_data/_pydoc.css" css_link = ( '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="%s">' % css_path) return '''\ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <html><head><title>Pydoc: %s</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> %s</head><body bgcolor="#f0f0f8">%s<div style="clear:both;padding-top:.5em;">%s</div> </body></html>''' % (title, css_link, html_navbar(), contents) def filelink(self, url, path): return '<a href="getfile?key=%s">%s</a>' % (url, path) html = _HTMLDoc() def html_navbar(): version = html.escape("%s [%s, %s]" % (platform.python_version(), platform.python_build()[0], platform.python_compiler())) return """ <div style='float:left'> Python %s<br>%s </div> <div style='float:right'> <div style='text-align:center'> <a href="index.html">Module Index</a> : <a href="topics.html">Topics</a> : <a href="keywords.html">Keywords</a> </div> <div> <form action="get" style='display:inline;'> <input type=text name=key size=15> <input type=submit value="Get"> </form>&nbsp; <form action="search" style='display:inline;'> <input type=text name=key size=15> <input type=submit value="Search"> </form> </div> </div> """ % (version, html.escape(platform.platform(terse=True))) def html_index(): """Module Index page.""" def bltinlink(name): return '<a href="%s.html">%s</a>' % (name, name) heading = html.heading( '<big><big><strong>Index of Modules</strong></big></big>', '#ffffff', '#7799ee') names = [name for name in sys.builtin_module_names if name != '__main__'] contents = html.multicolumn(names, bltinlink) contents = [heading, '<p>' + html.bigsection( 'Built-in Modules', '#ffffff', '#ee77aa', contents)] seen = {} for dir in sys.path: contents.append(html.index(dir, seen)) contents.append( '<p align=right><font color="#909090" face="helvetica,' 'arial"><strong>pydoc</strong> by Ka-Ping Yee' '&lt;ping@lfw.org&gt;</font>') return 'Index of Modules', ''.join(contents) def html_search(key): """Search results page.""" # scan for modules search_result = [] def callback(path, modname, desc): if modname[-9:] == '.__init__': modname = modname[:-9] + ' (package)' search_result.append((modname, desc and '- ' + desc)) with warnings.catch_warnings(): warnings.filterwarnings('ignore') # ignore problems during import ModuleScanner().run(callback, key) # format page def bltinlink(name): return '<a href="%s.html">%s</a>' % (name, name) results = [] heading = html.heading( '<big><big><strong>Search Results</strong></big></big>', '#ffffff', '#7799ee') for name, desc in search_result: results.append(bltinlink(name) + desc) contents = heading + html.bigsection( 'key = %s' % key, '#ffffff', '#ee77aa', '<br>'.join(results)) return 'Search Results', contents def html_getfile(path): """Get and display a source file listing safely.""" path = path.replace('%20', ' ') with tokenize.open(path) as fp: lines = html.escape(fp.read()) body = '<pre>%s</pre>' % lines heading = html.heading( '<big><big><strong>File Listing</strong></big></big>', '#ffffff', '#7799ee') contents = heading + html.bigsection( 'File: %s' % path, '#ffffff', '#ee77aa', body) return 'getfile %s' % path, contents def html_topics(): """Index of topic texts available.""" def bltinlink(name): return '<a href="topic?key=%s">%s</a>' % (name, name) heading = html.heading( '<big><big><strong>INDEX</strong></big></big>', '#ffffff', '#7799ee') names = sorted(Helper.topics.keys()) contents = html.multicolumn(names, bltinlink) contents = heading + html.bigsection( 'Topics', '#ffffff', '#ee77aa', contents) return 'Topics', contents def html_keywords(): """Index of keywords.""" heading = html.heading( '<big><big><strong>INDEX</strong></big></big>', '#ffffff', '#7799ee') names = sorted(Helper.keywords.keys()) def bltinlink(name): return '<a href="topic?key=%s">%s</a>' % (name, name) contents = html.multicolumn(names, bltinlink) contents = heading + html.bigsection( 'Keywords', '#ffffff', '#ee77aa', contents) return 'Keywords', contents def html_topicpage(topic): """Topic or keyword help page.""" buf = io.StringIO() htmlhelp = Helper(buf, buf) contents, xrefs = htmlhelp._gettopic(topic) if topic in htmlhelp.keywords: title = 'KEYWORD' else: title = 'TOPIC' heading = html.heading( '<big><big><strong>%s</strong></big></big>' % title, '#ffffff', '#7799ee') contents = '<pre>%s</pre>' % html.markup(contents) contents = html.bigsection(topic , '#ffffff','#ee77aa', contents) if xrefs: xrefs = sorted(xrefs.split()) def bltinlink(name): return '<a href="topic?key=%s">%s</a>' % (name, name) xrefs = html.multicolumn(xrefs, bltinlink) xrefs = html.section('Related help topics: ', '#ffffff', '#ee77aa', xrefs) return ('%s %s' % (title, topic), ''.join((heading, contents, xrefs))) def html_getobj(url): obj = locate(url, forceload=1) if obj is None and url != 'None': raise ValueError('could not find object') title = describe(obj) content = html.document(obj, url) return title, content def html_error(url, exc): heading = html.heading( '<big><big><strong>Error</strong></big></big>', '#ffffff', '#7799ee') contents = '<br>'.join(html.escape(line) for line in format_exception_only(type(exc), exc)) contents = heading + html.bigsection(url, '#ffffff', '#bb0000', contents) return "Error - %s" % url, contents def get_html_page(url): """Generate an HTML page for url.""" complete_url = url if url.endswith('.html'): url = url[:-5] try: if url in ("", "index"): title, content = html_index() elif url == "topics": title, content = html_topics() elif url == "keywords": title, content = html_keywords() elif '=' in url: op, _, url = url.partition('=') if op == "search?key": title, content = html_search(url) elif op == "getfile?key": title, content = html_getfile(url) elif op == "topic?key": # try topics first, then objects. try: title, content = html_topicpage(url) except ValueError: title, content = html_getobj(url) elif op == "get?key": # try objects first, then topics. if url in ("", "index"): title, content = html_index() else: try: title, content = html_getobj(url) except ValueError: title, content = html_topicpage(url) else: raise ValueError('bad pydoc url') else: title, content = html_getobj(url) except Exception as exc: # Catch any errors and display them in an error page. title, content = html_error(complete_url, exc) return html.page(title, content) if url.startswith('/'): url = url[1:] if content_type == 'text/css': path_here = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)) css_path = os.path.join(path_here, url) with open(css_path) as fp: return ''.join(fp.readlines()) elif content_type == 'text/html': return get_html_page(url) # Errors outside the url handler are caught by the server. raise TypeError('unknown content type %r for url %s' % (content_type, url)) def browse(port=0, *, open_browser=True): """Start the enhanced pydoc Web server and open a Web browser. Use port '0' to start the server on an arbitrary port. Set open_browser to False to suppress opening a browser. """ import webbrowser serverthread = _start_server(_url_handler, port) if serverthread.error: print(serverthread.error) return if serverthread.serving: server_help_msg = 'Server commands: [b]rowser, [q]uit' if open_browser: webbrowser.open(serverthread.url) try: print('Server ready at', serverthread.url) print(server_help_msg) while serverthread.serving: cmd = input('server> ') cmd = cmd.lower() if cmd == 'q': break elif cmd == 'b': webbrowser.open(serverthread.url) else: print(server_help_msg) except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError): print() finally: if serverthread.serving: serverthread.stop() print('Server stopped') # -------------------------------------------------- command-line interface def ispath(x): return isinstance(x, str) and x.find(os.sep) >= 0 def cli(): """Command-line interface (looks at sys.argv to decide what to do).""" import getopt class BadUsage(Exception): pass # Scripts don't get the current directory in their path by default # unless they are run with the '-m' switch if '' not in sys.path: scriptdir = os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0]) if scriptdir in sys.path: sys.path.remove(scriptdir) sys.path.insert(0, '.') try: opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'bk:p:w') writing = False start_server = False open_browser = False port = None for opt, val in opts: if opt == '-b': start_server = True open_browser = True if opt == '-k': apropos(val) return if opt == '-p': start_server = True port = val if opt == '-w': writing = True if start_server: if port is None: port = 0 browse(port, open_browser=open_browser) return if not args: raise BadUsage for arg in args: if ispath(arg) and not os.path.exists(arg): print('file %r does not exist' % arg) break try: if ispath(arg) and os.path.isfile(arg): arg = importfile(arg) if writing: if ispath(arg) and os.path.isdir(arg): writedocs(arg) else: writedoc(arg) else: help.help(arg) except ErrorDuringImport as value: print(value) except (getopt.error, BadUsage): cmd = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]))[0] print("""pydoc - the Python documentation tool {cmd} <name> ... Show text documentation on something. <name> may be the name of a Python keyword, topic, function, module, or package, or a dotted reference to a class or function within a module or module in a package. If <name> contains a '{sep}', it is used as the path to a Python source file to document. If name is 'keywords', 'topics', or 'modules', a listing of these things is displayed. {cmd} -k <keyword> Search for a keyword in the synopsis lines of all available modules. {cmd} -p <port> Start an HTTP server on the given port on the local machine. Port number 0 can be used to get an arbitrary unused port. {cmd} -b Start an HTTP server on an arbitrary unused port and open a Web browser to interactively browse documentation. The -p option can be used with the -b option to explicitly specify the server port. {cmd} -w <name> ... Write out the HTML documentation for a module to a file in the current directory. If <name> contains a '{sep}', it is treated as a filename; if it names a directory, documentation is written for all the contents. """.format(cmd=cmd, sep=os.sep)) if __name__ == '__main__': cli()
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