1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
|
.. highlight:: c
.. _longobjects:
Integer Objects
---------------
.. index:: object: long integer
object: integer
All integers are implemented as "long" integer objects of arbitrary size.
On error, most ``PyLong_As*`` APIs return ``(return type)-1`` which cannot be
distinguished from a number. Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
.. c:type:: PyLongObject
This subtype of :c:type:`PyObject` represents a Python integer object.
.. c:var:: PyTypeObject PyLong_Type
This instance of :c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python integer type.
This is the same object as :class:`int` in the Python layer.
.. c:function:: int PyLong_Check(PyObject *p)
Return true if its argument is a :c:type:`PyLongObject` or a subtype of
:c:type:`PyLongObject`. This function always succeeds.
.. c:function:: int PyLong_CheckExact(PyObject *p)
Return true if its argument is a :c:type:`PyLongObject`, but not a subtype of
:c:type:`PyLongObject`. This function always succeeds.
.. c:function:: PyObject* PyLong_FromLong(long v)
Return a new :c:type:`PyLongObject` object from *v*, or ``NULL`` on failure.
The current implementation keeps an array of integer objects for all integers
between ``-5`` and ``256``. When you create an int in that range you actually
just get back a reference to the existing object.
.. c:function:: PyObject* PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(unsigned long v)
Return a new :c:type:`PyLongObject` object from a C :c:expr:`unsigned long`, or
``NULL`` on failure.
.. c:function:: PyObject* PyLong_FromSsize_t(Py_ssize_t v)
Return a new :c:type:`PyLongObject` object from a C :c:type:`Py_ssize_t`, or
``NULL`` on failure.
.. c:function:: PyObject* PyLong_FromSize_t(size_t v)
Return a new :c:type:`PyLongObject` object from a C :c:type:`size_t`, or
``NULL`` on failure.
.. c:function:: PyObject* PyLong_FromLongLong(long long v)
Return a new :c:type:`PyLongObject` object from a C :c:expr:`long long`, or ``NULL``
on failure.
.. c:function:: PyObject* PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(unsigned long long v)
Return a new :c:type:`PyLongObject` object from a C :c:expr:`unsigned long long`,
or ``NULL`` on failure.
.. c:function:: PyObject* PyLong_FromDouble(double v)
Return a new :c:type:`PyLongObject` object from the integer part of *v*, or
``NULL`` on failure.
.. c:function:: PyObject* PyLong_FromString(const char *str, char **pend, int base)
Return a new :c:type:`PyLongObject` based on the string value in *str*, which
is interpreted according to the radix in *base*, or ``NULL`` on failure. If
*pend* is non-``NULL``, *\*pend* will point to the end of *str* on success or
to the first character that could not be processed on error. If *base* is ``0``,
*str* is interpreted using the :ref:`integers` definition; in this case, leading
zeros in a non-zero decimal number raises a :exc:`ValueError`. If *base* is not
``0``, it must be between ``2`` and ``36``, inclusive. Leading and trailing
whitespace and single underscores after a base specifier and between digits are
ignored. If there are no digits or *str* is not NULL-terminated following the
digits and trailing whitespace, :exc:`ValueError` will be raised.
.. c:function:: PyObject* PyLong_FromUnicodeObject(PyObject *u, int base)
Convert a sequence of Unicode digits in the string *u* to a Python integer
value.
.. versionadded:: 3.3
.. c:function:: PyObject* PyLong_FromVoidPtr(void *p)
Create a Python integer from the pointer *p*. The pointer value can be
retrieved from the resulting value using :c:func:`PyLong_AsVoidPtr`.
.. XXX alias PyLong_AS_LONG (for now)
.. c:function:: long PyLong_AsLong(PyObject *obj)
.. index::
single: LONG_MAX
single: OverflowError (built-in exception)
Return a C :c:expr:`long` representation of *obj*. If *obj* is not an
instance of :c:type:`PyLongObject`, first call its :meth:`__index__` method
(if present) to convert it to a :c:type:`PyLongObject`.
Raise :exc:`OverflowError` if the value of *obj* is out of range for a
:c:expr:`long`.
Returns ``-1`` on error. Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
.. versionchanged:: 3.8
Use :meth:`__index__` if available.
.. versionchanged:: 3.10
This function will no longer use :meth:`__int__`.
.. c:function:: long PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow(PyObject *obj, int *overflow)
Return a C :c:expr:`long` representation of *obj*. If *obj* is not an
instance of :c:type:`PyLongObject`, first call its :meth:`__index__`
method (if present) to convert it to a :c:type:`PyLongObject`.
If the value of *obj* is greater than :const:`LONG_MAX` or less than
:const:`LONG_MIN`, set *\*overflow* to ``1`` or ``-1``, respectively, and
return ``-1``; otherwise, set *\*overflow* to ``0``. If any other exception
occurs set *\*overflow* to ``0`` and return ``-1`` as usual.
Returns ``-1`` on error. Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
.. versionchanged:: 3.8
Use :meth:`__index__` if available.
.. versionchanged:: 3.10
This function will no longer use :meth:`__int__`.
.. c:function:: long long PyLong_AsLongLong(PyObject *obj)
.. index::
single: OverflowError (built-in exception)
Return a C :c:expr:`long long` representation of *obj*. If *obj* is not an
instance of :c:type:`PyLongObject`, first call its :meth:`__index__` method
(if present) to convert it to a :c:type:`PyLongObject`.
Raise :exc:`OverflowError` if the value of *obj* is out of range for a
:c:expr:`long long`.
Returns ``-1`` on error. Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
.. versionchanged:: 3.8
Use :meth:`__index__` if available.
.. versionchanged:: 3.10
This function will no longer use :meth:`__int__`.
.. c:function:: long long PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow(PyObject *obj, int *overflow)
Return a C :c:expr:`long long` representation of *obj*. If *obj* is not an
instance of :c:type:`PyLongObject`, first call its :meth:`__index__` method
(if present) to convert it to a :c:type:`PyLongObject`.
If the value of *obj* is greater than :const:`LLONG_MAX` or less than
:const:`LLONG_MIN`, set *\*overflow* to ``1`` or ``-1``, respectively,
and return ``-1``; otherwise, set *\*overflow* to ``0``. If any other
exception occurs set *\*overflow* to ``0`` and return ``-1`` as usual.
Returns ``-1`` on error. Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
.. versionadded:: 3.2
.. versionchanged:: 3.8
Use :meth:`__index__` if available.
.. versionchanged:: 3.10
This function will no longer use :meth:`__int__`.
.. c:function:: Py_ssize_t PyLong_AsSsize_t(PyObject *pylong)
.. index::
single: PY_SSIZE_T_MAX
single: OverflowError (built-in exception)
Return a C :c:type:`Py_ssize_t` representation of *pylong*. *pylong* must
be an instance of :c:type:`PyLongObject`.
Raise :exc:`OverflowError` if the value of *pylong* is out of range for a
:c:type:`Py_ssize_t`.
Returns ``-1`` on error. Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
.. c:function:: unsigned long PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(PyObject *pylong)
.. index::
single: ULONG_MAX
single: OverflowError (built-in exception)
Return a C :c:expr:`unsigned long` representation of *pylong*. *pylong*
must be an instance of :c:type:`PyLongObject`.
Raise :exc:`OverflowError` if the value of *pylong* is out of range for a
:c:expr:`unsigned long`.
Returns ``(unsigned long)-1`` on error.
Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
.. c:function:: size_t PyLong_AsSize_t(PyObject *pylong)
.. index::
single: SIZE_MAX
single: OverflowError (built-in exception)
Return a C :c:type:`size_t` representation of *pylong*. *pylong* must be
an instance of :c:type:`PyLongObject`.
Raise :exc:`OverflowError` if the value of *pylong* is out of range for a
:c:type:`size_t`.
Returns ``(size_t)-1`` on error.
Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
.. c:function:: unsigned long long PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(PyObject *pylong)
.. index::
single: OverflowError (built-in exception)
Return a C :c:expr:`unsigned long long` representation of *pylong*. *pylong*
must be an instance of :c:type:`PyLongObject`.
Raise :exc:`OverflowError` if the value of *pylong* is out of range for an
:c:expr:`unsigned long long`.
Returns ``(unsigned long long)-1`` on error.
Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
.. versionchanged:: 3.1
A negative *pylong* now raises :exc:`OverflowError`, not :exc:`TypeError`.
.. c:function:: unsigned long PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask(PyObject *obj)
Return a C :c:expr:`unsigned long` representation of *obj*. If *obj* is not
an instance of :c:type:`PyLongObject`, first call its :meth:`__index__`
method (if present) to convert it to a :c:type:`PyLongObject`.
If the value of *obj* is out of range for an :c:expr:`unsigned long`,
return the reduction of that value modulo ``ULONG_MAX + 1``.
Returns ``(unsigned long)-1`` on error. Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to
disambiguate.
.. versionchanged:: 3.8
Use :meth:`__index__` if available.
.. versionchanged:: 3.10
This function will no longer use :meth:`__int__`.
.. c:function:: unsigned long long PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask(PyObject *obj)
Return a C :c:expr:`unsigned long long` representation of *obj*. If *obj*
is not an instance of :c:type:`PyLongObject`, first call its
:meth:`__index__` method (if present) to convert it to a
:c:type:`PyLongObject`.
If the value of *obj* is out of range for an :c:expr:`unsigned long long`,
return the reduction of that value modulo ``ULLONG_MAX + 1``.
Returns ``(unsigned long long)-1`` on error. Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred`
to disambiguate.
.. versionchanged:: 3.8
Use :meth:`__index__` if available.
.. versionchanged:: 3.10
This function will no longer use :meth:`__int__`.
.. c:function:: double PyLong_AsDouble(PyObject *pylong)
Return a C :c:expr:`double` representation of *pylong*. *pylong* must be
an instance of :c:type:`PyLongObject`.
Raise :exc:`OverflowError` if the value of *pylong* is out of range for a
:c:expr:`double`.
Returns ``-1.0`` on error. Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
.. c:function:: void* PyLong_AsVoidPtr(PyObject *pylong)
Convert a Python integer *pylong* to a C :c:expr:`void` pointer.
If *pylong* cannot be converted, an :exc:`OverflowError` will be raised. This
is only assured to produce a usable :c:expr:`void` pointer for values created
with :c:func:`PyLong_FromVoidPtr`.
Returns ``NULL`` on error. Use :c:func:`PyErr_Occurred` to disambiguate.
|
