Doc/lib/libpoplib.tex


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\section{\module{poplib} ---
         POP3 protocol client}

\declaremodule{standard}{poplib}
\modulesynopsis{POP3 protocol client (requires sockets).}

%By Andrew T. Csillag
%Even though I put it into LaTeX, I cannot really claim that I wrote
%it since I just stole most of it from the poplib.py source code and
%the imaplib ``chapter''.
%Revised by ESR, January 2000

\indexii{POP3}{protocol}

This module defines a class, \class{POP3}, which encapsulates a
connection to a POP3 server and implements the protocol as defined in
\rfc{1725}.  The \class{POP3} class supports both the minimal and
optional command sets. Additionally, this module provides a class
\class{POP3_SSL}, which provides support for connecting to POP3
servers that use SSL as an underlying protocol layer.


Note that POP3, though widely supported, is obsolescent.  The
implementation quality of POP3 servers varies widely, and too many are
quite poor. If your mailserver supports IMAP, you would be better off
using the \code{\refmodule{imaplib}.\class{IMAP4}} class, as IMAP
servers tend to be better implemented.

A single class is provided by the \module{poplib} module:

\begin{classdesc}{POP3}{host\optional{, port}}
This class implements the actual POP3 protocol.  The connection is
created when the instance is initialized.
If \var{port} is omitted, the standard POP3 port (110) is used.
\end{classdesc}

\begin{classdesc}{POP3_SSL}{host\optional{, port\optional{, keyfile\optional{, certfile}}}}
This is a subclass of \class{POP3} that connects to the server over an
SSL encrypted socket.  If \var{port} is not specified, 995, the
standard POP3-over-SSL port is used.  \var{keyfile} and \var{certfile}
are also optional - they can contain a PEM formatted private key and
certificate chain file for the SSL connection.

\versionadded{2.4}
\end{classdesc}

One exception is defined as an attribute of the \module{poplib} module:

\begin{excdesc}{error_proto}
Exception raised on any errors.  The reason for the exception is
passed to the constructor as a string.
\end{excdesc}

\begin{seealso}
  \seemodule{imaplib}{The standard Python IMAP module.}
  \seetitle[http://www.catb.org/\~{}esr/fetchmail/fetchmail-FAQ.html]
        {Frequently Asked Questions About Fetchmail}
        {The FAQ for the \program{fetchmail} POP/IMAP client collects
         information on POP3 server variations and RFC noncompliance
         that may be useful if you need to write an application based
         on the POP protocol.}
\end{seealso}


\subsection{POP3 Objects \label{pop3-objects}}

All POP3 commands are represented by methods of the same name,
in lower-case; most return the response text sent by the server.

An \class{POP3} instance has the following methods:


\begin{methoddesc}{set_debuglevel}{level}
Set the instance's debugging level.  This controls the amount of
debugging output printed.  The default, \code{0}, produces no
debugging output.  A value of \code{1} produces a moderate amount of
debugging output, generally a single line per request.  A value of
\code{2} or higher produces the maximum amount of debugging output,
logging each line sent and received on the control connection.
\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}{getwelcome}{}
Returns the greeting string sent by the POP3 server.
\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}{user}{username}
Send user command, response should indicate that a password is required.
\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}{pass_}{password}
Send password, response includes message count and mailbox size.
Note: the mailbox on the server is locked until \method{quit()} is
called.
\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}{apop}{user, secret}
Use the more secure APOP authentication to log into the POP3 server.
\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}{rpop}{user}
Use RPOP authentication (similar to UNIX r-commands) to log into POP3 server.
\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}{stat}{}
Get mailbox status.  The result is a tuple of 2 integers:
\code{(\var{message count}, \var{mailbox size})}.
\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}{list}{\optional{which}}
Request message list, result is in the form
\code{(\var{response}, ['mesg_num octets', ...], \var{octets})}.
If \var{which} is set, it is the message to list.
\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}{retr}{which}
Retrieve whole message number \var{which}, and set its seen flag.
Result is in form  \code{(\var{response}, ['line', ...], \var{octets})}.
\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}{dele}{which}
Flag message number \var{which} for deletion.  On most servers
deletions are not actually performed until QUIT (the major exception is
Eudora QPOP, which deliberately violates the RFCs by doing pending
deletes on any disconnect).
\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}{rset}{}
Remove any deletion marks for the mailbox.
\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}{noop}{}
Do nothing.  Might be used as a keep-alive.
\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}{quit}{}
Signoff:  commit changes, unlock mailbox, drop connection.
\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}{top}{which, howmuch}
Retrieves the message header plus \var{howmuch} lines of the message
after the header of message number \var{which}. Result is in form
\code{(\var{response}, ['line', ...], \var{octets})}.

The POP3 TOP command this method uses, unlike the RETR command,
doesn't set the message's seen flag; unfortunately, TOP is poorly
specified in the RFCs and is frequently broken in off-brand servers.
Test this method by hand against the POP3 servers you will use before
trusting it.
\end{methoddesc}

\begin{methoddesc}{uidl}{\optional{which}}
Return message digest (unique id) list.
If \var{which} is specified, result contains the unique id for that
message in the form \code{'\var{response}\ \var{mesgnum}\ \var{uid}},
otherwise result is list \code{(\var{response}, ['mesgnum uid', ...],
\var{octets})}.
\end{methoddesc}

Instances of \class{POP3_SSL} have no additional methods. The
interface of this subclass is identical to its parent.


\subsection{POP3 Example \label{pop3-example}}

Here is a minimal example (without error checking) that opens a
mailbox and retrieves and prints all messages:

\begin{verbatim}
import getpass, poplib

M = poplib.POP3('localhost')
M.user(getpass.getuser())
M.pass_(getpass.getpass())
numMessages = len(M.list()[1])
for i in range(numMessages):
    for j in M.retr(i+1)[1]:
        print j
\end{verbatim}

At the end of the module, there is a test section that contains a more
extensive example of usage.
/*
 * ossaudiodev -- Python interface to the OSS (Open Sound System) API.
 *                This is the standard audio API for Linux and some
 *                flavours of BSD [XXX which ones?]; it is also available
 *                for a wide range of commercial Unices.
 *
 * Originally written by Peter Bosch, March 2000, as linuxaudiodev.
 *
 * Renamed to ossaudiodev and rearranged/revised/hacked up
 * by Greg Ward <gward@python.net>, November 2002.
 * Mixer interface by Nicholas FitzRoy-Dale <wzdd@lardcave.net>, Dec 2002.
 *
 * (c) 2000 Peter Bosch.  All Rights Reserved.
 * (c) 2002 Gregory P. Ward.  All Rights Reserved.
 * (c) 2002 Python Software Foundation.  All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * XXX need a license statement
 *
 * $Id$
 */

#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
#include "Python.h"
#include "structmember.h"

#ifdef HAVE_FCNTL_H
#include <fcntl.h>
#else
#define O_RDONLY 00
#define O_WRONLY 01
#endif

#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#ifdef __ANDROID__
#include <linux/soundcard.h>
#else
#include <sys/soundcard.h>
#endif

#ifdef __linux__

#ifndef HAVE_STDINT_H
typedef unsigned long uint32_t;
#endif

#elif defined(__FreeBSD__)

# ifndef SNDCTL_DSP_CHANNELS
#  define SNDCTL_DSP_CHANNELS SOUND_PCM_WRITE_CHANNELS
# endif

#endif

typedef struct {
    PyObject_HEAD
    char    *devicename;              /* name of the device file */
    int      fd;                      /* file descriptor */
    int      mode;                    /* file mode (O_RDONLY, etc.) */
    Py_ssize_t icount;                /* input count */
    Py_ssize_t ocount;                /* output count */
    uint32_t afmts;                   /* audio formats supported by hardware */
} oss_audio_t;

typedef struct {
    PyObject_HEAD
    int      fd;                      /* The open mixer device */
} oss_mixer_t;


static PyTypeObject OSSAudioType;
static PyTypeObject OSSMixerType;

static PyObject *OSSAudioError;


/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * DSP object initialization/deallocation
 */

static oss_audio_t *
newossobject(PyObject *arg)
{
    oss_audio_t *self;
    int fd, afmts, imode;
    char *devicename = NULL;
    char *mode = NULL;

    /* Two ways to call open():
         open(device, mode) (for consistency with builtin open())
         open(mode)         (for backwards compatibility)
       because the *first* argument is optional, parsing args is
       a wee bit tricky. */
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(arg, "s|s:open", &devicename, &mode))
       return NULL;
    if (mode == NULL) {                 /* only one arg supplied */
       mode = devicename;
       devicename = NULL;
    }

    if (strcmp(mode, "r") == 0)
        imode = O_RDONLY;
    else if (strcmp(mode, "w") == 0)
        imode = O_WRONLY;
    else if (strcmp(mode, "rw") == 0)
        imode = O_RDWR;
    else {
        PyErr_SetString(OSSAudioError, "mode must be 'r', 'w', or 'rw'");
        return NULL;
    }

    /* Open the correct device: either the 'device' argument,
       or the AUDIODEV environment variable, or "/dev/dsp". */
    if (devicename == NULL) {              /* called with one arg */
       devicename = getenv("AUDIODEV");
       if (devicename == NULL)             /* $AUDIODEV not set */
          devicename = "/dev/dsp";
    }

    /* Open with O_NONBLOCK to avoid hanging on devices that only allow
       one open at a time.  This does *not* affect later I/O; OSS
       provides a special ioctl() for non-blocking read/write, which is
       exposed via oss_nonblock() below. */
    fd = _Py_open(devicename, imode|O_NONBLOCK);
    if (fd == -1)
        return NULL;

    /* And (try to) put it back in blocking mode so we get the
       expected write() semantics. */
    if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, 0) == -1) {
        close(fd);
        PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename(PyExc_IOError, devicename);
        return NULL;
    }

    if (ioctl(fd, SNDCTL_DSP_GETFMTS, &afmts) == -1) {
        close(fd);
        PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename(PyExc_IOError, devicename);
        return NULL;
    }
    /* Create and initialize the object */
    if ((self = PyObject_New(oss_audio_t, &OSSAudioType)) == NULL) {
        close(fd);
        return NULL;
    }
    self->devicename = devicename;
    self->fd = fd;
    self->mode = imode;
    self->icount = self->ocount = 0;
    self->afmts  = afmts;
    return self;
}

static void
oss_dealloc(oss_audio_t *self)
{
    /* if already closed, don't reclose it */
    if (self->fd != -1)
        close(self->fd);
    PyObject_Del(self);
}


/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Mixer object initialization/deallocation
 */

static oss_mixer_t *
newossmixerobject(PyObject *arg)
{
    char *devicename = NULL;
    int fd;
    oss_mixer_t *self;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(arg, "|s", &devicename)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (devicename == NULL) {
        devicename = getenv("MIXERDEV");
        if (devicename == NULL)            /* MIXERDEV not set */
            devicename = "/dev/mixer";
    }

    fd = _Py_open(devicename, O_RDWR);
    if (fd == -1)
        return NULL;

    if ((self = PyObject_New(oss_mixer_t, &OSSMixerType)) == NULL) {
        close(fd);
        return NULL;
    }

    self->fd = fd;

    return self;
}

static void
oss_mixer_dealloc(oss_mixer_t *self)
{
    /* if already closed, don't reclose it */
    if (self->fd != -1)
        close(self->fd);
    PyObject_Del(self);
}


/* Methods to wrap the OSS ioctls.  The calling convention is pretty
   simple:
     nonblock()        -> ioctl(fd, SNDCTL_DSP_NONBLOCK)
     fmt = setfmt(fmt) -> ioctl(fd, SNDCTL_DSP_SETFMT, &fmt)
     etc.
*/


/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Helper functions
 */

/* Check if a given file descriptor is valid (i.e. hasn't been closed).
 * If true, return 1. Otherwise, raise ValueError and return 0.
 */
static int _is_fd_valid(int fd)
{
    /* the FD is set to -1 in oss_close()/oss_mixer_close() */
    if (fd >= 0) {
        return 1;
    } else {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                        "Operation on closed OSS device.");
        return 0;
    }
}

/* _do_ioctl_1() is a private helper function used for the OSS ioctls --
   SNDCTL_DSP_{SETFMT,CHANNELS,SPEED} -- that are called from C
   like this:
     ioctl(fd, SNDCTL_DSP_cmd, &arg)

   where arg is the value to set, and on return the driver sets arg to
   the value that was actually set.  Mapping this to Python is obvious:
     arg = dsp.xxx(arg)
*/
static PyObject *
_do_ioctl_1(int fd, PyObject *args, char *fname, int cmd)
{
    char argfmt[33] = "i:";
    int arg;

    assert(strlen(fname) <= 30);
    strncat(argfmt, fname, 30);
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, argfmt, &arg))
        return NULL;

    if (ioctl(fd, cmd, &arg) == -1)
        return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_IOError);
    return PyLong_FromLong(arg);
}


/* _do_ioctl_1_internal() is a wrapper for ioctls that take no inputs
   but return an output -- ie. we need to pass a pointer to a local C
   variable so the driver can write its output there, but from Python
   all we see is the return value.  For example,
   SOUND_MIXER_READ_DEVMASK returns a bitmask of available mixer
   devices, but does not use the value of the parameter passed-in in any
   way.
*/
static PyObject *
_do_ioctl_1_internal(int fd, PyObject *args, char *fname, int cmd)
{
    char argfmt[32] = ":";
    int arg = 0;

    assert(strlen(fname) <= 30);
    strncat(argfmt, fname, 30);
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, argfmt, &arg))
        return NULL;

    if (ioctl(fd, cmd, &arg) == -1)
        return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_IOError);
    return PyLong_FromLong(arg);
}


/* _do_ioctl_0() is a private helper for the no-argument ioctls:
   SNDCTL_DSP_{SYNC,RESET,POST}. */
static PyObject *
_do_ioctl_0(int fd, PyObject *args, char *fname, int cmd)
{
    char argfmt[32] = ":";
    int rv;

    assert(strlen(fname) <= 30);
    strncat(argfmt, fname, 30);
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, argfmt))
        return NULL;

    /* According to hannu@opensound.com, all three of the ioctls that
       use this function can block, so release the GIL.  This is
       especially important for SYNC, which can block for several
       seconds. */
    Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
    rv = ioctl(fd, cmd, 0);
    Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS

    if (rv == -1)
        return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_IOError);
    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    return Py_None;
}


/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Methods of DSP objects (OSSAudioType)
 */

static PyObject *
oss_nonblock(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    /* Hmmm: it doesn't appear to be possible to return to blocking
       mode once we're in non-blocking mode! */
    if (ioctl(self->fd, SNDCTL_DSP_NONBLOCK, NULL) == -1)
        return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_IOError);
    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    return Py_None;
}

static PyObject *
oss_setfmt(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    return _do_ioctl_1(self->fd, args, "setfmt", SNDCTL_DSP_SETFMT);
}

static PyObject *
oss_getfmts(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    int mask;

    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    if (ioctl(self->fd, SNDCTL_DSP_GETFMTS, &mask) == -1)
        return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_IOError);
    return PyLong_FromLong(mask);
}

static PyObject *
oss_channels(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    return _do_ioctl_1(self->fd, args, "channels", SNDCTL_DSP_CHANNELS);
}

static PyObject *
oss_speed(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    return _do_ioctl_1(self->fd, args, "speed", SNDCTL_DSP_SPEED);
}

static PyObject *
oss_sync(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    return _do_ioctl_0(self->fd, args, "sync", SNDCTL_DSP_SYNC);
}

static PyObject *
oss_reset(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    return _do_ioctl_0(self->fd, args, "reset", SNDCTL_DSP_RESET);
}

static PyObject *
oss_post(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    return _do_ioctl_0(self->fd, args, "post", SNDCTL_DSP_POST);
}


/* Regular file methods: read(), write(), close(), etc. as well
   as one convenience method, writeall(). */

static PyObject *
oss_read(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    Py_ssize_t size, count;
    PyObject *rv;

    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "n:read", &size))
        return NULL;

    rv = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, size);
    if (rv == NULL)
        return NULL;

    count = _Py_read(self->fd, PyBytes_AS_STRING(rv), size);
    if (count == -1) {
        Py_DECREF(rv);
        return NULL;
    }

    self->icount += count;
    _PyBytes_Resize(&rv, count);
    return rv;
}

static PyObject *
oss_write(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    Py_buffer data;
    Py_ssize_t rv;

    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "y*:write", &data)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    rv = _Py_write(self->fd, data.buf, data.len);
    PyBuffer_Release(&data);
    if (rv == -1)
        return NULL;

    self->ocount += rv;
    return PyLong_FromLong(rv);
}

static PyObject *
oss_writeall(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    Py_buffer data;
    const char *cp;
    Py_ssize_t size;
    Py_ssize_t rv;
    fd_set write_set_fds;
    int select_rv;

    /* NB. writeall() is only useful in non-blocking mode: according to
       Guenter Geiger <geiger@xdv.org> on the linux-audio-dev list
       (http://eca.cx/lad/2002/11/0380.html), OSS guarantees that
       write() in blocking mode consumes the whole buffer.  In blocking
       mode, the behaviour of write() and writeall() from Python is
       indistinguishable. */

    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "y*:writeall", &data))
        return NULL;

    if (!_PyIsSelectable_fd(self->fd)) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                        "file descriptor out of range for select");
        PyBuffer_Release(&data);
        return NULL;
    }
    /* use select to wait for audio device to be available */
    FD_ZERO(&write_set_fds);
    FD_SET(self->fd, &write_set_fds);
    cp = (const char *)data.buf;
    size = data.len;

    while (size > 0) {
        Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
        select_rv = select(self->fd+1, NULL, &write_set_fds, NULL, NULL);
        Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS

        assert(select_rv != 0);   /* no timeout, can't expire */
        if (select_rv == -1) {
            PyBuffer_Release(&data);
            return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_IOError);
        }

        rv = _Py_write(self->fd, cp, Py_MIN(size, INT_MAX));
        if (rv == -1) {
            /* buffer is full, try again */
            if (errno == EAGAIN) {
                PyErr_Clear();
                continue;
            }
            /* it's a real error */
            PyBuffer_Release(&data);
            return NULL;
        }

        /* wrote rv bytes */
        self->ocount += rv;
        size -= rv;
        cp += rv;
    }
    PyBuffer_Release(&data);
    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    return Py_None;
}

static PyObject *
oss_close(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    if (self->fd >= 0) {
        Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
        close(self->fd);
        Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
        self->fd = -1;
    }
    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    return Py_None;
}

static PyObject *
oss_self(PyObject *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    Py_INCREF(self);
    return self;
}

static PyObject *
oss_exit(PyObject *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    _Py_IDENTIFIER(close);

    PyObject *ret = _PyObject_CallMethodId(self, &PyId_close, NULL);
    if (!ret)
        return NULL;
    Py_DECREF(ret);
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

static PyObject *
oss_fileno(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    return PyLong_FromLong(self->fd);
}


/* Convenience methods: these generally wrap a couple of ioctls into one
   common task. */

static PyObject *
oss_setparameters(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    int wanted_fmt, wanted_channels, wanted_rate, strict=0;
    int fmt, channels, rate;

    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "iii|i:setparameters",
                          &wanted_fmt, &wanted_channels, &wanted_rate,
                          &strict))
        return NULL;

    fmt = wanted_fmt;
    if (ioctl(self->fd, SNDCTL_DSP_SETFMT, &fmt) == -1) {
        return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_IOError);
    }
    if (strict && fmt != wanted_fmt) {
        return PyErr_Format
            (OSSAudioError,
             "unable to set requested format (wanted %d, got %d)",
             wanted_fmt, fmt);
    }

    channels = wanted_channels;
    if (ioctl(self->fd, SNDCTL_DSP_CHANNELS, &channels) == -1) {
        return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_IOError);
    }
    if (strict && channels != wanted_channels) {
        return PyErr_Format
            (OSSAudioError,
             "unable to set requested channels (wanted %d, got %d)",
             wanted_channels, channels);
    }

    rate = wanted_rate;
    if (ioctl(self->fd, SNDCTL_DSP_SPEED, &rate) == -1) {
        return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_IOError);
    }
    if (strict && rate != wanted_rate) {
        return PyErr_Format
            (OSSAudioError,
             "unable to set requested rate (wanted %d, got %d)",
             wanted_rate, rate);
    }

    /* Construct the return value: a (fmt, channels, rate) tuple that
       tells what the audio hardware was actually set to. */
    return Py_BuildValue("(iii)", fmt, channels, rate);
}

static int
_ssize(oss_audio_t *self, int *nchannels, int *ssize)
{
    int fmt;

    fmt = 0;
    if (ioctl(self->fd, SNDCTL_DSP_SETFMT, &fmt) < 0)
        return -errno;

    switch (fmt) {
    case AFMT_MU_LAW:
    case AFMT_A_LAW:
    case AFMT_U8:
    case AFMT_S8:
        *ssize = 1;                     /* 8 bit formats: 1 byte */
        break;
    case AFMT_S16_LE:
    case AFMT_S16_BE:
    case AFMT_U16_LE:
    case AFMT_U16_BE:
        *ssize = 2;                     /* 16 bit formats: 2 byte */
        break;
    case AFMT_MPEG:
    case AFMT_IMA_ADPCM:
    default:
        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
    }
    if (ioctl(self->fd, SNDCTL_DSP_CHANNELS, nchannels) < 0)
        return -errno;
    return 0;
}


/* bufsize returns the size of the hardware audio buffer in number
   of samples */
static PyObject *
oss_bufsize(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    audio_buf_info ai;
    int nchannels=0, ssize=0;

    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    if (_ssize(self, &nchannels, &ssize) < 0 || !nchannels || !ssize) {
        PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_IOError);
        return NULL;
    }
    if (ioctl(self->fd, SNDCTL_DSP_GETOSPACE, &ai) < 0) {
        PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_IOError);
        return NULL;
    }
    return PyLong_FromLong((ai.fragstotal * ai.fragsize) / (nchannels * ssize));
}

/* obufcount returns the number of samples that are available in the
   hardware for playing */
static PyObject *
oss_obufcount(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    audio_buf_info ai;
    int nchannels=0, ssize=0;

    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    if (_ssize(self, &nchannels, &ssize) < 0 || !nchannels || !ssize) {
        PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_IOError);
        return NULL;
    }
    if (ioctl(self->fd, SNDCTL_DSP_GETOSPACE, &ai) < 0) {
        PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_IOError);
        return NULL;
    }
    return PyLong_FromLong((ai.fragstotal * ai.fragsize - ai.bytes) /
                          (ssize * nchannels));
}

/* obufcount returns the number of samples that can be played without
   blocking */
static PyObject *
oss_obuffree(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    audio_buf_info ai;
    int nchannels=0, ssize=0;

    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    if (_ssize(self, &nchannels, &ssize) < 0 || !nchannels || !ssize) {
        PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_IOError);
        return NULL;
    }
    if (ioctl(self->fd, SNDCTL_DSP_GETOSPACE, &ai) < 0) {
        PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_IOError);
        return NULL;
    }
    return PyLong_FromLong(ai.bytes / (ssize * nchannels));
}

static PyObject *
oss_getptr(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    count_info info;
    int req;

    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    if (self->mode == O_RDONLY)
        req = SNDCTL_DSP_GETIPTR;
    else
        req = SNDCTL_DSP_GETOPTR;
    if (ioctl(self->fd, req, &info) == -1) {
        PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_IOError);
        return NULL;
    }
    return Py_BuildValue("iii", info.bytes, info.blocks, info.ptr);
}


/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Methods of mixer objects (OSSMixerType)
 */

static PyObject *
oss_mixer_close(oss_mixer_t *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    if (self->fd >= 0) {
        close(self->fd);
        self->fd = -1;
    }
    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    return Py_None;
}

static PyObject *
oss_mixer_fileno(oss_mixer_t *self, PyObject *unused)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    return PyLong_FromLong(self->fd);
}

/* Simple mixer interface methods */

static PyObject *
oss_mixer_controls(oss_mixer_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    return _do_ioctl_1_internal(self->fd, args, "controls",
        SOUND_MIXER_READ_DEVMASK);
}

static PyObject *
oss_mixer_stereocontrols(oss_mixer_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    return _do_ioctl_1_internal(self->fd, args, "stereocontrols",
        SOUND_MIXER_READ_STEREODEVS);
}

static PyObject *
oss_mixer_reccontrols(oss_mixer_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    return _do_ioctl_1_internal(self->fd, args, "reccontrols",
        SOUND_MIXER_READ_RECMASK);
}

static PyObject *
oss_mixer_get(oss_mixer_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    int channel, volume;

    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    /* Can't use _do_ioctl_1 because of encoded arg thingy. */
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i:get", &channel))
        return NULL;

    if (channel < 0 || channel > SOUND_MIXER_NRDEVICES) {
        PyErr_SetString(OSSAudioError, "Invalid mixer channel specified.");
        return NULL;
    }

    if (ioctl(self->fd, MIXER_READ(channel), &volume) == -1)
        return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_IOError);

    return Py_BuildValue("(ii)", volume & 0xff, (volume & 0xff00) >> 8);
}

static PyObject *
oss_mixer_set(oss_mixer_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    int channel, volume, leftVol, rightVol;

    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    /* Can't use _do_ioctl_1 because of encoded arg thingy. */
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i(ii):set", &channel, &leftVol, &rightVol))
        return NULL;

    if (channel < 0 || channel > SOUND_MIXER_NRDEVICES) {
        PyErr_SetString(OSSAudioError, "Invalid mixer channel specified.");
        return NULL;
    }

    if (leftVol < 0 || rightVol < 0 || leftVol > 100 || rightVol > 100) {
        PyErr_SetString(OSSAudioError, "Volumes must be between 0 and 100.");
        return NULL;
    }

    volume = (rightVol << 8) | leftVol;

    if (ioctl(self->fd, MIXER_WRITE(channel), &volume) == -1)
        return PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_IOError);

    return Py_BuildValue("(ii)", volume & 0xff, (volume & 0xff00) >> 8);
}

static PyObject *
oss_mixer_get_recsrc(oss_mixer_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    return _do_ioctl_1_internal(self->fd, args, "get_recsrc",
        SOUND_MIXER_READ_RECSRC);
}

static PyObject *
oss_mixer_set_recsrc(oss_mixer_t *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (!_is_fd_valid(self->fd))
        return NULL;

    return _do_ioctl_1(self->fd, args, "set_recsrc",
        SOUND_MIXER_WRITE_RECSRC);
}


/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Method tables and other bureaucracy
 */

static PyMethodDef oss_methods[] = {
    /* Regular file methods */
    { "read",           (PyCFunction)oss_read, METH_VARARGS },
    { "write",          (PyCFunction)oss_write, METH_VARARGS },
    { "writeall",       (PyCFunction)oss_writeall, METH_VARARGS },
    { "close",          (PyCFunction)oss_close, METH_NOARGS },
    { "fileno",         (PyCFunction)oss_fileno, METH_NOARGS },

    /* Simple ioctl wrappers */
    { "nonblock",       (PyCFunction)oss_nonblock, METH_NOARGS },
    { "setfmt",         (PyCFunction)oss_setfmt, METH_VARARGS },
    { "getfmts",        (PyCFunction)oss_getfmts, METH_NOARGS },
    { "channels",       (PyCFunction)oss_channels, METH_VARARGS },
    { "speed",          (PyCFunction)oss_speed, METH_VARARGS },
    { "sync",           (PyCFunction)oss_sync, METH_VARARGS },
    { "reset",          (PyCFunction)oss_reset, METH_VARARGS },
    { "post",           (PyCFunction)oss_post, METH_VARARGS },

    /* Convenience methods -- wrap a couple of ioctls together */
    { "setparameters",  (PyCFunction)oss_setparameters, METH_VARARGS },
    { "bufsize",        (PyCFunction)oss_bufsize, METH_NOARGS },
    { "obufcount",      (PyCFunction)oss_obufcount, METH_NOARGS },
    { "obuffree",       (PyCFunction)oss_obuffree, METH_NOARGS },
    { "getptr",         (PyCFunction)oss_getptr, METH_NOARGS },

    /* Aliases for backwards compatibility */
    { "flush",          (PyCFunction)oss_sync, METH_VARARGS },

    /* Support for the context management protocol */
    { "__enter__",      oss_self, METH_NOARGS },
    { "__exit__",       oss_exit, METH_VARARGS },

    { NULL,             NULL}           /* sentinel */
};

static PyMethodDef oss_mixer_methods[] = {
    /* Regular file method - OSS mixers are ioctl-only interface */
    { "close",          (PyCFunction)oss_mixer_close, METH_NOARGS },
    { "fileno",         (PyCFunction)oss_mixer_fileno, METH_NOARGS },

    /* Support for the context management protocol */
    { "__enter__",      oss_self, METH_NOARGS },
    { "__exit__",       oss_exit, METH_VARARGS },

    /* Simple ioctl wrappers */
    { "controls",       (PyCFunction)oss_mixer_controls, METH_VARARGS },
    { "stereocontrols", (PyCFunction)oss_mixer_stereocontrols, METH_VARARGS},
    { "reccontrols",    (PyCFunction)oss_mixer_reccontrols, METH_VARARGS},
    { "get",            (PyCFunction)oss_mixer_get, METH_VARARGS },
    { "set",            (PyCFunction)oss_mixer_set, METH_VARARGS },
    { "get_recsrc",     (PyCFunction)oss_mixer_get_recsrc, METH_VARARGS },
    { "set_recsrc",     (PyCFunction)oss_mixer_set_recsrc, METH_VARARGS },

    { NULL,             NULL}
};

static PyObject *
oss_getattro(oss_audio_t *self, PyObject *nameobj)
{
    const char *name = "";
    PyObject * rval = NULL;

    if (PyUnicode_Check(nameobj)) {
        name = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(nameobj);
        if (name == NULL)
            return NULL;
    }

    if (strcmp(name, "closed") == 0) {
        rval = (self->fd == -1) ? Py_True : Py_False;
        Py_INCREF(rval);
    }
    else if (strcmp(name, "name") == 0) {
        rval = PyUnicode_FromString(self->devicename);
    }
    else if (strcmp(name, "mode") == 0) {
        /* No need for a "default" in this switch: from newossobject(),
           self->mode can only be one of these three values. */
        switch(self->mode) {
            case O_RDONLY:
                rval = PyUnicode_FromString("r");
                break;
            case O_RDWR:
                rval = PyUnicode_FromString("rw");
                break;
            case O_WRONLY:
                rval = PyUnicode_FromString("w");
                break;
        }
    }
    else {
        rval = PyObject_GenericGetAttr((PyObject *)self, nameobj);
    }
    return rval;
}

static PyTypeObject OSSAudioType = {
    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
    "ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device", /*tp_name*/
    sizeof(oss_audio_t),        /*tp_size*/
    0,                          /*tp_itemsize*/
    /* methods */
    (destructor)oss_dealloc,    /*tp_dealloc*/
    0,                          /*tp_print*/
    0,                          /*tp_getattr*/
    0,                          /*tp_setattr*/
    0,                          /*tp_reserved*/
    0,                          /*tp_repr*/
    0,                          /*tp_as_number*/
    0,                          /*tp_as_sequence*/
    0,                          /*tp_as_mapping*/
    0,                          /*tp_hash*/
    0,                          /*tp_call*/
    0,                          /*tp_str*/
    (getattrofunc)oss_getattro, /*tp_getattro*/
    0,                          /*tp_setattro*/
    0,                          /*tp_as_buffer*/
    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,         /*tp_flags*/
    0,                          /*tp_doc*/
    0,                          /*tp_traverse*/
    0,                          /*tp_clear*/
    0,                          /*tp_richcompare*/
    0,                          /*tp_weaklistoffset*/
    0,                          /*tp_iter*/
    0,                          /*tp_iternext*/
    oss_methods,                /*tp_methods*/
};

static PyTypeObject OSSMixerType = {
    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
    "ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device", /*tp_name*/
    sizeof(oss_mixer_t),            /*tp_size*/
    0,                              /*tp_itemsize*/
    /* methods */
    (destructor)oss_mixer_dealloc,  /*tp_dealloc*/
    0,                              /*tp_print*/
    0,                              /*tp_getattr*/
    0,                              /*tp_setattr*/
    0,                              /*tp_reserved*/
    0,                              /*tp_repr*/
    0,                              /*tp_as_number*/
    0,                              /*tp_as_sequence*/
    0,                              /*tp_as_mapping*/
    0,                              /*tp_hash*/
    0,                              /*tp_call*/
    0,                              /*tp_str*/
    0,                              /*tp_getattro*/
    0,                              /*tp_setattro*/
    0,                              /*tp_as_buffer*/
    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,             /*tp_flags*/
    0,                              /*tp_doc*/
    0,                              /*tp_traverse*/
    0,                              /*tp_clear*/
    0,                              /*tp_richcompare*/
    0,                              /*tp_weaklistoffset*/
    0,                              /*tp_iter*/
    0,                              /*tp_iternext*/
    oss_mixer_methods,              /*tp_methods*/
};


static PyObject *
ossopen(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    return (PyObject *)newossobject(args);
}

static PyObject *
ossopenmixer(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    return (PyObject *)newossmixerobject(args);
}

static PyMethodDef ossaudiodev_methods[] = {
    { "open", ossopen, METH_VARARGS },
    { "openmixer", ossopenmixer, METH_VARARGS },
    { 0, 0 },
};


#define _EXPORT_INT(mod, name) \
  if (PyModule_AddIntConstant(mod, #name, (long) (name)) == -1) return NULL;


static char *control_labels[] = SOUND_DEVICE_LABELS;
static char *control_names[] = SOUND_DEVICE_NAMES;


static int
build_namelists (PyObject *module)
{
    PyObject *labels;
    PyObject *names;
    PyObject *s;
    int num_controls;
    int i;

    num_controls = Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(control_labels);
    assert(num_controls == Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(control_names));

    labels = PyList_New(num_controls);
    names = PyList_New(num_controls);
    if (labels == NULL || names == NULL)
        goto error2;
    for (i = 0; i < num_controls; i++) {
        s = PyUnicode_FromString(control_labels[i]);
        if (s == NULL)
            goto error2;
        PyList_SET_ITEM(labels, i, s);

        s = PyUnicode_FromString(control_names[i]);
        if (s == NULL)
            goto error2;
        PyList_SET_ITEM(names, i, s);
    }

    if (PyModule_AddObject(module, "control_labels", labels) == -1)
        goto error2;
    if (PyModule_AddObject(module, "control_names", names) == -1)
        goto error1;

    return 0;

error2:
    Py_XDECREF(labels);
error1:
    Py_XDECREF(names);
    return -1;
}


static struct PyModuleDef ossaudiodevmodule = {
        PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
        "ossaudiodev",
        NULL,
        -1,
        ossaudiodev_methods,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        NULL
};

PyMODINIT_FUNC
PyInit_ossaudiodev(void)
{
    PyObject *m;

    if (PyType_Ready(&OSSAudioType) < 0)
        return NULL;

    if (PyType_Ready(&OSSMixerType) < 0)
        return NULL;

    m = PyModule_Create(&ossaudiodevmodule);
    if (m == NULL)
        return NULL;

    OSSAudioError = PyErr_NewException("ossaudiodev.OSSAudioError",
                                       NULL, NULL);
    if (OSSAudioError) {
        /* Each call to PyModule_AddObject decrefs it; compensate: */
        Py_INCREF(OSSAudioError);
        Py_INCREF(OSSAudioError);
        PyModule_AddObject(m, "error", OSSAudioError);
        PyModule_AddObject(m, "OSSAudioError", OSSAudioError);
    }

    /* Build 'control_labels' and 'control_names' lists and add them
       to the module. */
    if (build_namelists(m) == -1)       /* XXX what to do here? */
        return NULL;

    /* Expose the audio format numbers -- essential! */
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_QUERY);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_MU_LAW);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_A_LAW);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_IMA_ADPCM);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_U8);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_S16_LE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_S16_BE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_S8);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_U16_LE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_U16_BE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_MPEG);
#ifdef AFMT_AC3
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_AC3);
#endif
#ifdef AFMT_S16_NE
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_S16_NE);
#endif
#ifdef AFMT_U16_NE
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_U16_NE);
#endif
#ifdef AFMT_S32_LE
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_S32_LE);
#endif
#ifdef AFMT_S32_BE
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_S32_BE);
#endif
#ifdef AFMT_MPEG
    _EXPORT_INT(m, AFMT_MPEG);
#endif

    /* Expose the sound mixer device numbers. */
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_NRDEVICES);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_VOLUME);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_BASS);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_TREBLE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_SYNTH);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_PCM);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_SPEAKER);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_LINE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_MIC);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_CD);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_IMIX);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_ALTPCM);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_RECLEV);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_IGAIN);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_OGAIN);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_LINE1);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_LINE2);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_LINE3);
#ifdef SOUND_MIXER_DIGITAL1
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_DIGITAL1);
#endif
#ifdef SOUND_MIXER_DIGITAL2
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_DIGITAL2);
#endif
#ifdef SOUND_MIXER_DIGITAL3
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_DIGITAL3);
#endif
#ifdef SOUND_MIXER_PHONEIN
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_PHONEIN);
#endif
#ifdef SOUND_MIXER_PHONEOUT
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_PHONEOUT);
#endif
#ifdef SOUND_MIXER_VIDEO
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_VIDEO);
#endif
#ifdef SOUND_MIXER_RADIO
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_RADIO);
#endif
#ifdef SOUND_MIXER_MONITOR
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SOUND_MIXER_MONITOR);
#endif

    /* Expose all the ioctl numbers for masochists who like to do this
       stuff directly. */
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_COPR_HALT);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_COPR_LOAD);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_COPR_RCODE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_COPR_RCVMSG);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_COPR_RDATA);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_COPR_RESET);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_COPR_RUN);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_COPR_SENDMSG);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_COPR_WCODE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_COPR_WDATA);
#ifdef SNDCTL_DSP_BIND_CHANNEL
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_BIND_CHANNEL);
#endif
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_CHANNELS);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_GETBLKSIZE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_GETCAPS);
#ifdef SNDCTL_DSP_GETCHANNELMASK
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_GETCHANNELMASK);
#endif
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_GETFMTS);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_GETIPTR);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_GETISPACE);
#ifdef SNDCTL_DSP_GETODELAY
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_GETODELAY);
#endif
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_GETOPTR);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_GETOSPACE);
#ifdef SNDCTL_DSP_GETSPDIF
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_GETSPDIF);
#endif
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_GETTRIGGER);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_MAPINBUF);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_MAPOUTBUF);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_NONBLOCK);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_POST);
#ifdef SNDCTL_DSP_PROFILE
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_PROFILE);
#endif
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_RESET);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_SAMPLESIZE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_SETDUPLEX);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_SETFMT);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_SETFRAGMENT);
#ifdef SNDCTL_DSP_SETSPDIF
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_SETSPDIF);
#endif
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_SETSYNCRO);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_SETTRIGGER);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_SPEED);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_STEREO);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_SUBDIVIDE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_DSP_SYNC);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_FM_4OP_ENABLE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_FM_LOAD_INSTR);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_MIDI_INFO);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_MIDI_MPUCMD);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_MIDI_MPUMODE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_MIDI_PRETIME);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_CTRLRATE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_GETINCOUNT);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_GETOUTCOUNT);
#ifdef SNDCTL_SEQ_GETTIME
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_GETTIME);
#endif
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_NRMIDIS);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_NRSYNTHS);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_OUTOFBAND);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_PANIC);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_PERCMODE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_RESET);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_RESETSAMPLES);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_SYNC);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_TESTMIDI);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SEQ_THRESHOLD);
#ifdef SNDCTL_SYNTH_CONTROL
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SYNTH_CONTROL);
#endif
#ifdef SNDCTL_SYNTH_ID
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SYNTH_ID);
#endif
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SYNTH_INFO);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SYNTH_MEMAVL);
#ifdef SNDCTL_SYNTH_REMOVESAMPLE
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_SYNTH_REMOVESAMPLE);
#endif
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_TMR_CONTINUE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_TMR_METRONOME);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_TMR_SELECT);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_TMR_SOURCE);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_TMR_START);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_TMR_STOP);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_TMR_TEMPO);
    _EXPORT_INT(m, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE);
    return m;
}