blob: 25aa8b82754de7f5c9412160bf2d8817a4c5a403 (
plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
|
:mod:`pwd` --- The password database
====================================
.. module:: pwd
:platform: Unix
:synopsis: The password database (getpwnam() and friends).
--------------
This module provides access to the Unix user account and password database. It
is available on all Unix versions.
.. include:: ../includes/wasm-notavail.rst
Password database entries are reported as a tuple-like object, whose attributes
correspond to the members of the ``passwd`` structure (Attribute field below,
see ``<pwd.h>``):
+-------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| Index | Attribute | Meaning |
+=======+===============+=============================+
| 0 | ``pw_name`` | Login name |
+-------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| 1 | ``pw_passwd`` | Optional encrypted password |
+-------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| 2 | ``pw_uid`` | Numerical user ID |
+-------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| 3 | ``pw_gid`` | Numerical group ID |
+-------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| 4 | ``pw_gecos`` | User name or comment field |
+-------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| 5 | ``pw_dir`` | User home directory |
+-------+---------------+-----------------------------+
| 6 | ``pw_shell`` | User command interpreter |
+-------+---------------+-----------------------------+
The uid and gid items are integers, all others are strings. :exc:`KeyError` is
raised if the entry asked for cannot be found.
.. note::
.. index:: pair: module; crypt
In traditional Unix the field ``pw_passwd`` usually contains a password
encrypted with a DES derived algorithm (see module :mod:`crypt`). However most
modern unices use a so-called *shadow password* system. On those unices the
*pw_passwd* field only contains an asterisk (``'*'``) or the letter ``'x'``
where the encrypted password is stored in a file :file:`/etc/shadow` which is
not world readable. Whether the *pw_passwd* field contains anything useful is
system-dependent.
It defines the following items:
.. function:: getpwuid(uid)
Return the password database entry for the given numeric user ID.
.. function:: getpwnam(name)
Return the password database entry for the given user name.
.. function:: getpwall()
Return a list of all available password database entries, in arbitrary order.
.. seealso::
Module :mod:`grp`
An interface to the group database, similar to this.
|
