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:mod:`pydoc` --- Documentation generator and online help system
===============================================================
.. module:: pydoc
:synopsis: Documentation generator and online help system.
.. moduleauthor:: Ka-Ping Yee <ping@lfw.org>
.. sectionauthor:: Ka-Ping Yee <ping@lfw.org>
**Source code:** :source:`Lib/pydoc.py`
.. index::
single: documentation; generation
single: documentation; online
single: help; online
--------------
The :mod:`pydoc` module automatically generates documentation from Python
modules. The documentation can be presented as pages of text on the console,
served to a Web browser, or saved to HTML files.
For modules, classes, functions and methods, the displayed documentation is
derived from the docstring (i.e. the :attr:`__doc__` attribute) of the object,
and recursively of its documentable members. If there is no docstring,
:mod:`pydoc` tries to obtain a description from the block of comment lines just
above the definition of the class, function or method in the source file, or at
the top of the module (see :func:`inspect.getcomments`).
The built-in function :func:`help` invokes the online help system in the
interactive interpreter, which uses :mod:`pydoc` to generate its documentation
as text on the console. The same text documentation can also be viewed from
outside the Python interpreter by running :program:`pydoc` as a script at the
operating system's command prompt. For example, running ::
pydoc sys
at a shell prompt will display documentation on the :mod:`sys` module, in a
style similar to the manual pages shown by the Unix :program:`man` command. The
argument to :program:`pydoc` can be the name of a function, module, or package,
or a dotted reference to a class, method, or function within a module or module
in a package. If the argument to :program:`pydoc` looks like a path (that is,
it contains the path separator for your operating system, such as a slash in
Unix), and refers to an existing Python source file, then documentation is
produced for that file.
.. note::
In order to find objects and their documentation, :mod:`pydoc` imports the
module(s) to be documented. Therefore, any code on module level will be
executed on that occasion. Use an ``if __name__ == '__main__':`` guard to
only execute code when a file is invoked as a script and not just imported.
When printing output to the console, :program:`pydoc` attempts to paginate the
output for easier reading. If the :envvar:`PAGER` environment variable is set,
:program:`pydoc` will use its value as a pagination program.
Specifying a ``-w`` flag before the argument will cause HTML documentation
to be written out to a file in the current directory, instead of displaying text
on the console.
Specifying a ``-k`` flag before the argument will search the synopsis
lines of all available modules for the keyword given as the argument, again in a
manner similar to the Unix :program:`man` command. The synopsis line of a
module is the first line of its documentation string.
You can also use :program:`pydoc` to start an HTTP server on the local machine
that will serve documentation to visiting Web browsers. :program:`pydoc -p 1234`
will start a HTTP server on port 1234, allowing you to browse the
documentation at ``http://localhost:1234/`` in your preferred Web browser.
Specifying ``0`` as the port number will select an arbitrary unused port.
:program:`pydoc -b` will start the server and additionally open a web
browser to a module index page. Each served page has a navigation bar at the
top where you can *Get* help on an individual item, *Search* all modules with a
keyword in their synopsis line, and go to the *Module index*, *Topics* and
*Keywords* pages.
When :program:`pydoc` generates documentation, it uses the current environment
and path to locate modules. Thus, invoking :program:`pydoc spam`
documents precisely the version of the module you would get if you started the
Python interpreter and typed ``import spam``.
Module docs for core modules are assumed to reside in
``https://docs.python.org/X.Y/library/`` where ``X`` and ``Y`` are the
major and minor version numbers of the Python interpreter. This can
be overridden by setting the :envvar:`PYTHONDOCS` environment variable
to a different URL or to a local directory containing the Library
Reference Manual pages.
.. versionchanged:: 3.2
Added the ``-b`` option.
.. versionchanged:: 3.3
The ``-g`` command line option was removed.
.. versionchanged:: 3.4
:mod:`pydoc` now uses :func:`inspect.signature` rather than
:func:`inspect.getfullargspec` to extract signature information from
callables.
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