1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
|
.. highlightlang:: none
.. _using-on-unix:
********************************
Using Python on Unix platforms
********************************
.. sectionauthor:: Shriphani Palakodety
Getting and installing the latest version of Python
===================================================
On Linux
--------
Python comes preinstalled on most Linux distributions, and is available as a
package on all others. However there are certain features you might want to use
that are not available on your distro's package. You can easily compile the
latest version of Python from source.
In the event that Python doesn't come preinstalled and isn't in the repositories as
well, you can easily make packages for your own distro. Have a look at the
following links:
.. seealso::
http://www.linux.com/articles/60383
for Debian users
http://linuxmafia.com/pub/linux/suse-linux-internals/chapter35.html
for OpenSuse users
http://docs.fedoraproject.org/drafts/rpm-guide-en/ch-creating-rpms.html
for Fedora users
http://www.slackbook.org/html/package-management-making-packages.html
for Slackware users
On FreeBSD and OpenBSD
----------------------
* FreeBSD users, to add the package use::
pkg_add -r python
* OpenBSD users use::
pkg_add ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.2/packages/<insert your architecture here>/python-<version>.tgz
For example i386 users get the 2.5.1 version of Python using::
pkg_add ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.2/packages/i386/python-2.5.1p2.tgz
On OpenSolaris
--------------
To install the newest Python versions on OpenSolaris, install blastwave
(http://www.blastwave.org/howto.html) and type "pkg_get -i python" at the
prompt.
Building Python
===============
If you want to compile CPython yourself, first thing you should do is get the
`source <http://python.org/download/source/>`_. You can download either the
latest release's source or just grab a fresh `checkout
<http://docs.python.org/devguide/setup#checking-out-the-code>`_.
The build process consists the usual ::
./configure
make
make install
invocations. Configuration options and caveats for specific Unix platforms are
extensively documented in the :file:`README` file in the root of the Python
source tree.
.. warning::
``make install`` can overwrite or masquerade the :file:`python` binary.
``make altinstall`` is therefore recommended instead of ``make install``
since it only installs :file:`{exec_prefix}/bin/python{version}`.
Python-related paths and files
==============================
These are subject to difference depending on local installation conventions;
:envvar:`prefix` (``${prefix}``) and :envvar:`exec_prefix` (``${exec_prefix}``)
are installation-dependent and should be interpreted as for GNU software; they
may be the same.
For example, on most Linux systems, the default for both is :file:`/usr`.
+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| File/directory | Meaning |
+===============================================+==========================================+
| :file:`{exec_prefix}/bin/python` | Recommended location of the interpreter. |
+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| :file:`{prefix}/lib/python{version}`, | Recommended locations of the directories |
| :file:`{exec_prefix}/lib/python{version}` | containing the standard modules. |
+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| :file:`{prefix}/include/python{version}`, | Recommended locations of the directories |
| :file:`{exec_prefix}/include/python{version}` | containing the include files needed for |
| | developing Python extensions and |
| | embedding the interpreter. |
+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| :file:`~/.pythonrc.py` | User-specific initialization file loaded |
| | by the user module; not used by default |
| | or by most applications. |
+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
Miscellaneous
=============
To easily use Python scripts on Unix, you need to make them executable,
e.g. with ::
$ chmod +x script
and put an appropriate Shebang line at the top of the script. A good choice is
usually ::
#!/usr/bin/env python
which searches for the Python interpreter in the whole :envvar:`PATH`. However,
some Unices may not have the :program:`env` command, so you may need to hardcode
``/usr/bin/python`` as the interpreter path.
To use shell commands in your Python scripts, look at the :mod:`subprocess` module.
Editors
=======
Vim and Emacs are excellent editors which support Python very well. For more
information on how to code in Python in these editors, look at:
* http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=790
* http://sourceforge.net/projects/python-mode
Geany is an excellent IDE with support for a lot of languages. For more
information, read: http://geany.uvena.de/
Komodo edit is another extremely good IDE. It also has support for a lot of
languages. For more information, read:
http://www.activestate.com/store/productdetail.aspx?prdGuid=20f4ed15-6684-4118-a78b-d37ff4058c5f
|