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|
****************************
What's New In Python 3.7
****************************
:Release: |release|
:Date: |today|
.. Rules for maintenance:
* Anyone can add text to this document. Do not spend very much time
on the wording of your changes, because your text will probably
get rewritten to some degree.
* The maintainer will go through Misc/NEWS periodically and add
changes; it's therefore more important to add your changes to
Misc/NEWS than to this file.
* This is not a complete list of every single change; completeness
is the purpose of Misc/NEWS. Some changes I consider too small
or esoteric to include. If such a change is added to the text,
I'll just remove it. (This is another reason you shouldn't spend
too much time on writing your addition.)
* If you want to draw your new text to the attention of the
maintainer, add 'XXX' to the beginning of the paragraph or
section.
* It's OK to just add a fragmentary note about a change. For
example: "XXX Describe the transmogrify() function added to the
socket module." The maintainer will research the change and
write the necessary text.
* You can comment out your additions if you like, but it's not
necessary (especially when a final release is some months away).
* Credit the author of a patch or bugfix. Just the name is
sufficient; the e-mail address isn't necessary.
* It's helpful to add the bug/patch number as a comment:
XXX Describe the transmogrify() function added to the socket
module.
(Contributed by P.Y. Developer in :issue:`12345`.)
This saves the maintainer the effort of going through the Mercurial log
when researching a change.
This article explains the new features in Python 3.7, compared to 3.6.
For full details, see the :ref:`changelog <changelog>`.
.. note::
Prerelease users should be aware that this document is currently in draft
form. It will be updated substantially as Python 3.7 moves towards release,
so it's worth checking back even after reading earlier versions.
Summary -- Release highlights
=============================
.. This section singles out the most important changes in Python 3.7.
Brevity is key.
.. PEP-sized items next.
New Features
============
Other Language Changes
======================
* More than 255 arguments can now be passed to a function, and a function can
now have more than 255 parameters.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`12844` and :issue:`18896`.)
* :meth:`bytes.fromhex` and :meth:`bytearray.fromhex` now ignore all ASCII
whitespace, not only spaces.
(Contributed by Robert Xiao in :issue:`28927`.)
* :exc:`ImportError` now displays module name and module ``__file__`` path when
``from ... import ...`` fails.
(Contributed by Matthias Bussonnier in :issue:`29546`.)
New Modules
===========
* None yet.
Improved Modules
================
os
--
Added support for :class:`bytes` paths in :func:`~os.fwalk`.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`28682`.)
unittest.mock
-------------
The :const:`~unittest.mock.sentinel` attributes now preserve their identity
when they are :mod:`copied <copy>` or :mod:`pickled <pickle>`.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`20804`.)
xmlrpc.server
-------------
:meth:`register_function` of :class:`xmlrpc.server.SimpleXMLRPCDispatcher` and
its subclasses can be used as a decorator.
(Contributed by Xiang Zhang in :issue:`7769`.)
urllib.parse
------------
:func:`urllib.parse.quote` has been updated to from RFC 2396 to RFC 3986,
adding `~` to the set of characters that is never quoted by default.
(Contributed by Christian Theune and Ratnadeep Debnath in :issue:`16285`.)
Optimizations
=============
* Added two new opcodes: ``LOAD_METHOD`` and ``CALL_METHOD`` to avoid
instantiation of bound method objects for method calls, which results
in method calls being faster up to 20%.
(Contributed by Yury Selivanov and INADA Naoki in :issue:`26110`.)
* Fast implementation from standard C library is now used for functions
:func:`~math.tgamma`, :func:`~math.lgamma`, :func:`~math.erf` and
:func:`~math.erfc` in the :mod:`math` module.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`26121`.)
Build and C API Changes
=======================
* A full copy of libffi is no longer bundled for use when building the
:mod:`_ctypes <ctypes>` module on non-OSX UNIX platforms. An installed copy
of libffi is now required when building ``_ctypes`` on such platforms.
Contributed by Zachary Ware in :issue:`27979`.
* The fields :c:member:`name` and :c:member:`doc` of structures
:c:type:`PyMemberDef`, :c:type:`PyGetSetDef`,
:c:type:`PyStructSequence_Field`, :c:type:`PyStructSequence_Desc`,
and :c:type:`wrapperbase` are now of type ``const char *`` rather of
``char *``. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`28761`.)
* The result of :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize` and :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8`
is now of type ``const char *`` rather of ``char *``.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`28769`.)
* Added functions :c:func:`PySlice_Unpack` and :c:func:`PySlice_AdjustIndices`.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`27867`.)
Deprecated
==========
- Function :c:func:`PySlice_GetIndicesEx` is deprecated and replaced with
a macro if ``Py_LIMITED_API`` is not set or set to the value between
``0x03050400`` and ``0x03060000`` (not including) or ``0x03060100`` or
higher. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`27867`.)
- Methods
:meth:`MetaPathFinder.find_module() <importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_module>`
(replaced by
:meth:`MetaPathFinder.find_spec() <importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder.find_spec>`
) and
:meth:`PathEntryFinder.find_loader() <importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_loader>`
(replaced by
:meth:`PathEntryFinder.find_spec() <importlib.abc.PathEntryFinder.find_spec>`)
both deprecated in Python 3.4 now emit :exc:`DeprecationWarning`. (Contributed
by Matthias Bussonnier in :issue:`29576`)
- Using non-integer value for selecting a plural form in :mod:`gettext` is
now deprecated. It never correctly worked.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`28692`.)
Removed
=======
API and Feature Removals
------------------------
* Unknown escapes consisting of ``'\'`` and an ASCII letter in replacement
templates for :func:`re.sub` were deprecated in Python 3.5, and will now
cause an error.
* Removed support of the *exclude* argument in :meth:`tarfile.TarFile.add`.
It was deprecated in Python 2.7 and 3.2. Use the *filter* argument instead.
* The ``splitunc()`` function in the :mod:`ntpath` module was deprecated in
Python 3.1, and has now been removed. Use the :func:`~os.path.splitdrive`
function instead.
* Functions :func:`bool`, :func:`float`, :func:`list` and :func:`tuple` no
longer take keyword arguments. The first argument of :func:`int` can now
be passes only as positional argument.
Porting to Python 3.7
=====================
This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes
that may require changes to your code.
Changes in the Python API
-------------------------
* A format string argument for :meth:`string.Formatter.format`
is now :ref:`positional-only <positional-only_parameter>`.
Passing it as a keyword argument was deprecated in Python 3.5.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`29193`.)
* Attributes :attr:`~http.cookies.Morsel.key`,
:attr:`~http.cookies.Morsel.value` and
:attr:`~http.cookies.Morsel.coded_value` of class
:class:`http.cookies.Morsel` are now read-only.
Assigning to them was deprecated in Python 3.5.
Use the :meth:`~http.cookies.Morsel.set` method for setting them.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`29192`.)
* ``Module``, ``FunctionDef``, ``AsyncFunctionDef``, and
``ClassDef`` AST nodes now have a new ``docstring`` field.
The first statement in their body is not considered as a docstring
anymore. ``co_firstlineno`` and ``co_lnotab`` of code object for class
and module are affected by this change.
(Contributed by INADA Naoki and Eugene Toder in :issue:`29463`.)
CPython bytecode changes
------------------------
* Added two new opcodes: :opcode:`LOAD_METHOD` and :opcode:`CALL_METHOD`.
(Contributed by Yury Selivanov and INADA Naoki in :issue:`26110`.)
|
