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# Tests invocation of the interpreter with various command line arguments
# Most tests are executed with environment variables ignored
# See test_cmd_line_script.py for testing of script execution
import test.support, unittest
import os
import sys
import subprocess
import tempfile
from test.script_helper import (spawn_python, kill_python, assert_python_ok,
assert_python_failure)
# XXX (ncoghlan): Move to script_helper and make consistent with run_python
def _kill_python_and_exit_code(p):
data = kill_python(p)
returncode = p.wait()
return data, returncode
class CmdLineTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_directories(self):
assert_python_failure('.')
assert_python_failure('< .')
def verify_valid_flag(self, cmd_line):
rc, out, err = assert_python_ok(*cmd_line)
self.assertTrue(out == b'' or out.endswith(b'\n'))
self.assertNotIn(b'Traceback', out)
self.assertNotIn(b'Traceback', err)
def test_optimize(self):
self.verify_valid_flag('-O')
self.verify_valid_flag('-OO')
def test_q(self):
self.verify_valid_flag('-Qold')
self.verify_valid_flag('-Qnew')
self.verify_valid_flag('-Qwarn')
self.verify_valid_flag('-Qwarnall')
def test_site_flag(self):
self.verify_valid_flag('-S')
def test_usage(self):
rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-h')
self.assertIn(b'usage', out)
def test_version(self):
version = ('Python %d.%d' % sys.version_info[:2]).encode("ascii")
rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-V')
self.assertTrue(err.startswith(version))
def test_verbose(self):
# -v causes imports to write to stderr. If the write to
# stderr itself causes an import to happen (for the output
# codec), a recursion loop can occur.
rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-v')
self.assertNotIn(b'stack overflow', err)
rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-vv')
self.assertNotIn(b'stack overflow', err)
def test_xoptions(self):
rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', 'import sys; print(sys._xoptions)')
opts = eval(out.splitlines()[0])
self.assertEqual(opts, {})
rc, out, err = assert_python_ok(
'-Xa', '-Xb=c,d=e', '-c', 'import sys; print(sys._xoptions)')
opts = eval(out.splitlines()[0])
self.assertEqual(opts, {'a': True, 'b': 'c,d=e'})
def test_run_module(self):
# Test expected operation of the '-m' switch
# Switch needs an argument
assert_python_failure('-m')
# Check we get an error for a nonexistent module
assert_python_failure('-m', 'fnord43520xyz')
# Check the runpy module also gives an error for
# a nonexistent module
assert_python_failure('-m', 'runpy', 'fnord43520xyz'),
# All good if module is located and run successfully
assert_python_ok('-m', 'timeit', '-n', '1'),
def test_run_module_bug1764407(self):
# -m and -i need to play well together
# Runs the timeit module and checks the __main__
# namespace has been populated appropriately
p = spawn_python('-i', '-m', 'timeit', '-n', '1')
p.stdin.write(b'Timer\n')
p.stdin.write(b'exit()\n')
data = kill_python(p)
self.assertTrue(data.find(b'1 loop') != -1)
self.assertTrue(data.find(b'__main__.Timer') != -1)
def test_run_code(self):
# Test expected operation of the '-c' switch
# Switch needs an argument
assert_python_failure('-c')
# Check we get an error for an uncaught exception
assert_python_failure('-c', 'raise Exception')
# All good if execution is successful
assert_python_ok('-c', 'pass')
@unittest.skipIf(sys.getfilesystemencoding() == 'ascii',
'need a filesystem encoding different than ASCII')
def test_non_ascii(self):
# Test handling of non-ascii data
command = "assert(ord('\xe9') == 0xe9)"
assert_python_ok('-c', command)
# On Windows, pass bytes to subprocess doesn't test how Python decodes the
# command line, but how subprocess does decode bytes to unicode. Python
# doesn't decode the command line because Windows provides directly the
# arguments as unicode (using wmain() instead of main()).
@unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == 'win32',
'Windows has a native unicode API')
def test_undecodable_code(self):
undecodable = b"\xff"
env = os.environ.copy()
# Use C locale to get ascii for the locale encoding
env['LC_ALL'] = 'C'
code = (
b'import locale; '
b'print(ascii("' + undecodable + b'"), '
b'locale.getpreferredencoding())')
p = subprocess.Popen(
[sys.executable, "-c", code],
stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
env=env)
stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
if p.returncode == 1:
# _Py_char2wchar() decoded b'\xff' as '\udcff' (b'\xff' is not
# decodable from ASCII) and run_command() failed on
# PyUnicode_AsUTF8String(). This is the expected behaviour on
# Linux.
pattern = b"Unable to decode the command from the command line:"
elif p.returncode == 0:
# _Py_char2wchar() decoded b'\xff' as '\xff' even if the locale is
# C and the locale encoding is ASCII. It occurs on FreeBSD, Solaris
# and Mac OS X.
pattern = b"'\\xff' "
# The output is followed by the encoding name, an alias to ASCII.
# Examples: "US-ASCII" or "646" (ISO 646, on Solaris).
else:
raise AssertionError("Unknown exit code: %s, output=%a" % (p.returncode, stdout))
if not stdout.startswith(pattern):
raise AssertionError("%a doesn't start with %a" % (stdout, pattern))
@unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == 'darwin', 'test specific to Mac OS X')
def test_osx_utf8(self):
def check_output(text):
decoded = text.decode('utf8', 'surrogateescape')
expected = ascii(decoded).encode('ascii') + b'\n'
env = os.environ.copy()
# C locale gives ASCII locale encoding, but Python uses UTF-8
# to parse the command line arguments on Mac OS X
env['LC_ALL'] = 'C'
p = subprocess.Popen(
(sys.executable, "-c", "import sys; print(ascii(sys.argv[1]))", text),
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
env=env)
stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
self.assertEqual(stdout, expected)
self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 0)
# test valid utf-8
text = 'e:\xe9, euro:\u20ac, non-bmp:\U0010ffff'.encode('utf-8')
check_output(text)
# test invalid utf-8
text = (
b'\xff' # invalid byte
b'\xc3\xa9' # valid utf-8 character
b'\xc3\xff' # invalid byte sequence
b'\xed\xa0\x80' # lone surrogate character (invalid)
)
check_output(text)
def test_unbuffered_output(self):
# Test expected operation of the '-u' switch
for stream in ('stdout', 'stderr'):
# Binary is unbuffered
code = ("import os, sys; sys.%s.buffer.write(b'x'); os._exit(0)"
% stream)
rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-u', '-c', code)
data = err if stream == 'stderr' else out
self.assertEqual(data, b'x', "binary %s not unbuffered" % stream)
# Text is line-buffered
code = ("import os, sys; sys.%s.write('x\\n'); os._exit(0)"
% stream)
rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-u', '-c', code)
data = err if stream == 'stderr' else out
self.assertEqual(data.strip(), b'x',
"text %s not line-buffered" % stream)
def test_unbuffered_input(self):
# sys.stdin still works with '-u'
code = ("import sys; sys.stdout.write(sys.stdin.read(1))")
p = spawn_python('-u', '-c', code)
p.stdin.write(b'x')
p.stdin.flush()
data, rc = _kill_python_and_exit_code(p)
self.assertEqual(rc, 0)
self.assertTrue(data.startswith(b'x'), data)
def test_large_PYTHONPATH(self):
path1 = "ABCDE" * 100
path2 = "FGHIJ" * 100
path = path1 + os.pathsep + path2
code = """if 1:
import sys
path = ":".join(sys.path)
path = path.encode("ascii", "backslashreplace")
sys.stdout.buffer.write(path)"""
rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-S', '-c', code,
PYTHONPATH=path)
self.assertIn(path1.encode('ascii'), out)
self.assertIn(path2.encode('ascii'), out)
def test_displayhook_unencodable(self):
for encoding in ('ascii', 'latin1', 'utf8'):
env = os.environ.copy()
env['PYTHONIOENCODING'] = encoding
p = subprocess.Popen(
[sys.executable, '-i'],
stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
env=env)
# non-ascii, surrogate, non-BMP printable, non-BMP unprintable
text = "a=\xe9 b=\uDC80 c=\U00010000 d=\U0010FFFF"
p.stdin.write(ascii(text).encode('ascii') + b"\n")
p.stdin.write(b'exit()\n')
data = kill_python(p)
escaped = repr(text).encode(encoding, 'backslashreplace')
self.assertIn(escaped, data)
def check_input(self, code, expected):
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile("wb+") as stdin:
sep = os.linesep.encode('ASCII')
stdin.write(sep.join((b'abc', b'def')))
stdin.flush()
stdin.seek(0)
with subprocess.Popen(
(sys.executable, "-c", code),
stdin=stdin, stdout=subprocess.PIPE) as proc:
stdout, stderr = proc.communicate()
self.assertEqual(stdout.rstrip(), expected)
def test_stdin_readline(self):
# Issue #11272: check that sys.stdin.readline() replaces '\r\n' by '\n'
# on Windows (sys.stdin is opened in binary mode)
self.check_input(
"import sys; print(repr(sys.stdin.readline()))",
b"'abc\\n'")
def test_builtin_input(self):
# Issue #11272: check that input() strips newlines ('\n' or '\r\n')
self.check_input(
"print(repr(input()))",
b"'abc'")
def test_output_newline(self):
# Issue 13119 Newline for print() should be \r\n on Windows.
code = """if 1:
import sys
print(1)
print(2)
print(3, file=sys.stderr)
print(4, file=sys.stderr)"""
rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code)
if sys.platform == 'win32':
self.assertEqual(b'1\r\n2\r\n', out)
self.assertEqual(b'3\r\n4', err)
else:
self.assertEqual(b'1\n2\n', out)
self.assertEqual(b'3\n4', err)
def test_unmached_quote(self):
# Issue #10206: python program starting with unmatched quote
# spewed spaces to stdout
rc, out, err = assert_python_failure('-c', "'")
self.assertRegex(err.decode('ascii', 'ignore'), 'SyntaxError')
self.assertEqual(b'', out)
def test_stdout_flush_at_shutdown(self):
# Issue #5319: if stdout.flush() fails at shutdown, an error should
# be printed out.
code = """if 1:
import os, sys
sys.stdout.write('x')
os.close(sys.stdout.fileno())"""
rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code)
self.assertEqual(b'', out)
self.assertRegex(err.decode('ascii', 'ignore'),
'Exception IOError: .* ignored')
def test_closed_stdout(self):
# Issue #13444: if stdout has been explicitly closed, we should
# not attempt to flush it at shutdown.
code = "import sys; sys.stdout.close()"
rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code)
self.assertEqual(b'', err)
# Issue #7111: Python should work without standard streams
@unittest.skipIf(os.name != 'posix', "test needs POSIX semantics")
def _test_no_stdio(self, streams):
code = """if 1:
import os, sys
for i, s in enumerate({streams}):
if getattr(sys, s) is not None:
os._exit(i + 1)
os._exit(42)""".format(streams=streams)
def preexec():
if 'stdin' in streams:
os.close(0)
if 'stdout' in streams:
os.close(1)
if 'stderr' in streams:
os.close(2)
p = subprocess.Popen(
[sys.executable, "-E", "-c", code],
stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
preexec_fn=preexec)
out, err = p.communicate()
self.assertEqual(test.support.strip_python_stderr(err), b'')
self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 42)
def test_no_stdin(self):
self._test_no_stdio(['stdin'])
def test_no_stdout(self):
self._test_no_stdio(['stdout'])
def test_no_stderr(self):
self._test_no_stdio(['stderr'])
def test_no_std_streams(self):
self._test_no_stdio(['stdin', 'stdout', 'stderr'])
def test_hash_randomization(self):
# Verify that -R enables hash randomization:
self.verify_valid_flag('-R')
hashes = []
for i in range(2):
code = 'print(hash("spam"))'
rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-R', '-c', code)
self.assertEqual(rc, 0)
hashes.append(out)
self.assertNotEqual(hashes[0], hashes[1])
# Verify that sys.flags contains hash_randomization
code = 'import sys; print("random is", sys.flags.hash_randomization)'
rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-R', '-c', code)
self.assertEqual(rc, 0)
self.assertIn(b'random is 1', out)
def test_del___main__(self):
# Issue #15001: PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags() did crash because it kept a
# borrowed reference to the dict of __main__ module and later modify
# the dict whereas the module was destroyed
filename = test.support.TESTFN
self.addCleanup(test.support.unlink, filename)
with open(filename, "w") as script:
print("import sys", file=script)
print("del sys.modules['__main__']", file=script)
assert_python_ok(filename)
def test_unknown_options(self):
rc, out, err = assert_python_failure('-E', '-z')
self.assertIn(b'Unknown option: -z', err)
self.assertEqual(err.splitlines().count(b'Unknown option: -z'), 1)
self.assertEqual(b'', out)
# Add "without='-E'" to prevent _assert_python to append -E
# to env_vars and change the output of stderr
rc, out, err = assert_python_failure('-z', without='-E')
self.assertIn(b'Unknown option: -z', err)
self.assertEqual(err.splitlines().count(b'Unknown option: -z'), 1)
self.assertEqual(b'', out)
rc, out, err = assert_python_failure('-a', '-z', without='-E')
self.assertIn(b'Unknown option: -a', err)
# only the first unknown option is reported
self.assertNotIn(b'Unknown option: -z', err)
self.assertEqual(err.splitlines().count(b'Unknown option: -a'), 1)
self.assertEqual(b'', out)
def test_main():
test.support.run_unittest(CmdLineTest)
test.support.reap_children()
if __name__ == "__main__":
test_main()
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