'\" '\" Copyright (c) 1997-1998 Sun Microsystems, Inc. '\" '\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution '\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES. '\" .TH Tcl_GetEncoding 3 "8.1" Tcl "Tcl Library Procedures" .so man.macros .BS .SH NAME Tcl_GetEncoding, Tcl_FreeEncoding, Tcl_GetEncodingFromObj, Tcl_ExternalToUtfDString, Tcl_ExternalToUtf, Tcl_UtfToExternalDString, Tcl_UtfToExternal, Tcl_GetEncodingName, Tcl_SetSystemEncoding, Tcl_GetEncodingNameFromEnvironment, Tcl_GetEncodingNames, Tcl_CreateEncoding, Tcl_GetEncodingSearchPath, Tcl_SetEncodingSearchPath, Tcl_GetDefaultEncodingDir, Tcl_SetDefaultEncodingDir \- procedures for creating and using encodings .SH SYNOPSIS .nf \fB#include \fR .sp Tcl_Encoding \fBTcl_GetEncoding\fR(\fIinterp, name\fR) .sp void \fBTcl_FreeEncoding\fR(\fIencoding\fR) .sp int \fBTcl_GetEncodingFromObj\fR(\fIinterp, objPtr, encodingPtr\fR) .sp char * \fBTcl_ExternalToUtfDString\fR(\fIencoding, src, srcLen, dstPtr\fR) .sp int \fBTcl_ExternalToUtfDStringEx\fR(\fIencoding, src, srcLen, flags, dstPtr\fR) .sp char * \fBTcl_UtfToExternalDString\fR(\fIencoding, src, srcLen, dstPtr\fR) .sp int \fBTcl_UtfToExternalDStringEx\fR(\fIencoding, src, srcLen, flags, dstPtr\fR) .sp int \fBTcl_ExternalToUtf\fR(\fIinterp, encoding, src, srcLen, flags, statePtr, dst, dstLen, srcReadPtr, dstWrotePtr, dstCharsPtr\fR) .sp int \fBTcl_UtfToExternal\fR(\fIinterp, encoding, src, srcLen, flags, statePtr, dst, dstLen, srcReadPtr, dstWrotePtr, dstCharsPtr\fR) .sp char * \fBTcl_WinTCharToUtf\fR(\fItsrc, srcLen, dstPtr\fR) .sp TCHAR * \fBTcl_WinUtfToTChar\fR(\fIsrc, srcLen, dstPtr\fR) .sp const char * \fBTcl_GetEncodingName\fR(\fIencoding\fR) .sp int \fBTcl_SetSystemEncoding\fR(\fIinterp, name\fR) .sp const char * \fBTcl_GetEncodingNameFromEnvironment\fR(\fIbufPtr\fR) .sp void \fBTcl_GetEncodingNames\fR(\fIinterp\fR) .sp Tcl_Encoding \fBTcl_CreateEncoding\fR(\fItypePtr\fR) .sp Tcl_Obj * \fBTcl_GetEncodingSearchPath\fR() .sp int \fBTcl_SetEncodingSearchPath\fR(\fIsearchPath\fR) .sp const char * \fBTcl_GetDefaultEncodingDir\fR(\fIvoid\fR) .sp void \fBTcl_SetDefaultEncodingDir\fR(\fIpath\fR) .SH ARGUMENTS .AS "const Tcl_EncodingType" *dstWrotePtr in/out .AP Tcl_Interp *interp in Interpreter to use for error reporting, or NULL if no error reporting is desired. .AP "const char" *name in Name of encoding to load. .AP Tcl_Encoding encoding in The encoding to query, free, or use for converting text. If \fIencoding\fR is NULL, the current system encoding is used. .AP Tcl_Obj *objPtr in Name of encoding to get token for. .AP Tcl_Encoding *encodingPtr out Points to storage where encoding token is to be written. .AP "const char" *src in For the \fBTcl_ExternalToUtf\fR functions, an array of bytes in the specified encoding that are to be converted to UTF-8. For the \fBTcl_UtfToExternal\fR and \fBTcl_WinUtfToTChar\fR functions, an array of UTF-8 characters to be converted to the specified encoding. .AP "const TCHAR" *tsrc in An array of Windows TCHAR characters to convert to UTF-8. .AP int srcLen in Length of \fIsrc\fR or \fItsrc\fR in bytes. If the length is negative, the encoding-specific length of the string is used. .AP Tcl_DString *dstPtr out Pointer to an uninitialized or free \fBTcl_DString\fR in which the converted result will be stored. .AP int flags in Various flag bits OR-ed together. \fBTCL_ENCODING_START\fR signifies that the source buffer is the first block in a (potentially multi-block) input stream, telling the conversion routine to reset to an initial state and perform any initialization that needs to occur before the first byte is converted. \fBTCL_ENCODING_END\fR signifies that the source buffer is the last block in a (potentially multi-block) input stream, telling the conversion routine to perform any finalization that needs to occur after the last byte is converted and then to reset to an initial state. \fBTCL_ENCODING_STOPONERROR\fR signifies that the conversion routine should return immediately upon reading a source character that does not exist in the target encoding; otherwise a default fallback character will automatically be substituted. The flag \fBTCL_ENCODING_NOCOMPLAIN\fR has no effect, it is reserved for Tcl 9.0. The flag \fBTCL_ENCODING_MODIFIED\fR makes \fBTcl_UtfToExternalDStringEx\fR and \fBTcl_UtfToExternal\fR produce the byte sequence \exC0\ex80 in stead of \ex00, for the utf-8/cesu-8 encoders. .AP Tcl_EncodingState *statePtr in/out Used when converting a (generally long or indefinite length) byte stream in a piece-by-piece fashion. The conversion routine stores its current state in \fI*statePtr\fR after \fIsrc\fR (the buffer containing the current piece) has been converted; that state information must be passed back when converting the next piece of the stream so the conversion routine knows what state it was in when it left off at the end of the last piece. May be NULL, in which case the value specified for \fIflags\fR is ignored and the source buffer is assumed to contain the complete string to convert. .AP char *dst out Buffer in which the converted result will be stored. No more than \fIdstLen\fR bytes will be stored in \fIdst\fR. .AP int dstLen in The maximum length of the output buffer \fIdst\fR in bytes. .AP int *srcReadPtr out Filled with the number of bytes from \fIsrc\fR that were actually converted. This may be less than the original source length if there was a problem converting some source characters. May be NULL. .AP int *dstWrotePtr out Filled with the number of bytes that were actually stored in the output buffer as a result of the conversion. May be NULL. .AP int *dstCharsPtr out Filled with the number of characters that correspond to the number of bytes stored in the output buffer. May be NULL. .AP Tcl_DString *bufPtr out Storage for the prescribed system encoding name. .AP "const Tcl_EncodingType" *typePtr in Structure that defines a new type of encoding. .AP Tcl_Obj *searchPath in List of filesystem directories in which to search for encoding data files. .AP "const char" *path in A path to the location of the encoding file. .BE .SH INTRODUCTION .PP These routines convert between Tcl's internal character representation, UTF-8, and character representations used by various operating systems or file systems, such as Unicode, ASCII, or Shift-JIS. When operating on strings, such as such as obtaining the names of files or displaying characters using international fonts, the strings must be translated into one or possibly multiple formats that the various system calls can use. For instance, on a Japanese Unix workstation, a user might obtain a filename represented in the EUC-JP file encoding and then translate the characters to the jisx0208 font encoding in order to display the filename in a Tk widget. The purpose of the encoding package is to help bridge the translation gap. UTF-8 provides an intermediate staging ground for all the various encodings. In the example above, text would be translated into UTF-8 from whatever file encoding the operating system is using. Then it would be translated from UTF-8 into whatever font encoding the display routines require. .PP Some basic encodings are compiled into Tcl. Others can be defined by the user or dynamically loaded from encoding files in a platform-independent manner. .SH DESCRIPTION .PP \fBTcl_GetEncoding\fR finds an encoding given its \fIname\fR. The name may refer to a built-in Tcl encoding, a user-defined encoding registered by calling \fBTcl_CreateEncoding\fR, or a dynamically-loadable encoding file. The return value is a token that represents the encoding and can be used in subsequent calls to procedures such as \fBTcl_GetEncodingName\fR, \fBTcl_FreeEncoding\fR, and \fBTcl_UtfToExternal\fR. If the name did not refer to any known or loadable encoding, NULL is returned and an error message is returned in \fIinterp\fR. .PP The encoding package maintains a database of all encodings currently in use. The first time \fIname\fR is seen, \fBTcl_GetEncoding\fR returns an encoding with a reference count of 1. If the same \fIname\fR is requested further times, then the reference count for that encoding is incremented without the overhead of allocating a new encoding and all its associated data structures. .PP When an \fIencoding\fR is no longer needed, \fBTcl_FreeEncoding\fR should be called to release it. When an \fIencoding\fR is no longer in use anywhere (i.e., it has been freed as many times as it has been gotten) \fBTcl_FreeEncoding\fR will release all storage the encoding was using and delete it from the database. .PP \fBTcl_GetEncodingFromObj\fR treats the string representation of \fIobjPtr\fR as an encoding name, and finds an encoding with that name, just as \fBTcl_GetEncoding\fR does. When an encoding is found, it is cached within the \fBobjPtr\fR value for future reference, the \fBTcl_Encoding\fR token is written to the storage pointed to by \fIencodingPtr\fR, and the value \fBTCL_OK\fR is returned. If no such encoding is found, the value \fBTCL_ERROR\fR is returned, and no writing to \fB*\fR\fIencodingPtr\fR takes place. Just as with \fBTcl_GetEncoding\fR, the caller should call \fBTcl_FreeEncoding\fR on the resulting encoding token when that token will no longer be used. .PP \fBTcl_ExternalToUtfDString\fR converts a source buffer \fIsrc\fR from the specified \fIencoding\fR into UTF-8. The converted bytes are stored in \fIdstPtr\fR, which is then null-terminated. The caller should eventually call \fBTcl_DStringFree\fR to free any information stored in \fIdstPtr\fR. When converting, if any of the characters in the source buffer cannot be represented in the target encoding, a default fallback character will be used. The return value is a pointer to the value stored in the DString. .PP \fBTcl_ExternalToUtfDStringEx\fR is the same as \fBTcl_ExternalToUtfDString\fR, but it has an additional flags parameter. The return value is the index of the first byte in the input string causing a conversion error. Or TCL_INDEX_NONE if all is OK. .PP \fBTcl_ExternalToUtf\fR converts a source buffer \fIsrc\fR from the specified \fIencoding\fR into UTF-8. Up to \fIsrcLen\fR bytes are converted from the source buffer and up to \fIdstLen\fR converted bytes are stored in \fIdst\fR. In all cases, \fI*srcReadPtr\fR is filled with the number of bytes that were successfully converted from \fIsrc\fR and \fI*dstWrotePtr\fR is filled with the corresponding number of bytes that were stored in \fIdst\fR. The return value is one of the following: .RS .IP \fBTCL_OK\fR 29 All bytes of \fIsrc\fR were converted. .IP \fBTCL_CONVERT_NOSPACE\fR 29 The destination buffer was not large enough for all of the converted data; as many characters as could fit were converted though. .IP \fBTCL_CONVERT_MULTIBYTE\fR 29 The last few bytes in the source buffer were the beginning of a multibyte sequence, but more bytes were needed to complete this sequence. A subsequent call to the conversion routine should pass a buffer containing the unconverted bytes that remained in \fIsrc\fR plus some further bytes from the source stream to properly convert the formerly split-up multibyte sequence. .IP \fBTCL_CONVERT_SYNTAX\fR 29 The source buffer contained an invalid character sequence. This may occur if the input stream has been damaged or if the input encoding method was misidentified. .IP \fBTCL_CONVERT_UNKNOWN\fR 29 The source buffer contained a character that could not be represented in the target encoding and \fBTCL_ENCODING_STOPONERROR\fR was specified. .RE .LP \fBTcl_UtfToExternalDString\fR converts a source buffer \fIsrc\fR from UTF-8 into the specified \fIencoding\fR. The converted bytes are stored in \fIdstPtr\fR, which is then terminated with the appropriate encoding-specific null. The caller should eventually call \fBTcl_DStringFree\fR to free any information stored in \fIdstPtr\fR. When converting, if any of the characters in the source buffer cannot be represented in the target encoding, a default fallback character will be used. The return value is a pointer to the value stored in the DString. .PP \fBTcl_UtfToExternalDStringEx\fR is the same as \fBTcl_UtfToExternalDString\fR, but it has an additional flags parameter. The return value is the index of the first byte of an utf-8 byte-sequence in the input string causing a conversion error. Or TCL_INDEX_NONE if all is OK. .PP \fBTcl_UtfToExternal\fR converts a source buffer \fIsrc\fR from UTF-8 into the specified \fIencoding\fR. Up to \fIsrcLen\fR bytes are converted from the source buffer and up to \fIdstLen\fR converted bytes are stored in \fIdst\fR. In all cases, \fI*srcReadPtr\fR is filled with the number of bytes that were successfully converted from \fIsrc\fR and \fI*dstWrotePtr\fR is filled with the corresponding number of bytes that were stored in \fIdst\fR. The return values are the same as the return values for \fBTcl_ExternalToUtf\fR. .PP \fBTcl_WinUtfToTChar\fR and \fBTcl_WinTCharToUtf\fR are Windows-only convenience functions for converting between UTF-8 and Windows strings based on the TCHAR type which is by convention a Unicode character on Windows NT. Those functions are deprecated. You can use \fBTcl_UtfToWCharDString\fR resp. \fBTcl_WCharToUtfDString\fR as replacement. If you want compatibility with earlier Tcl releases than 8.7, use \fBTcl_UtfToUniCharDString\fR resp. \fBTcl_UniCharToUtfDString\fR as replacement, and make sure you compile your extension with -DTCL_UTF_MAX=3. Beware: Those replacement functions don't initialize their Tcl_DString (you'll have to do that yourself), and \fBTcl_UniCharToUtfDString\fR from Tcl 8.6 doesn't accept -1 as length parameter. .PP \fBTcl_GetEncodingName\fR is roughly the inverse of \fBTcl_GetEncoding\fR. Given an \fIencoding\fR, the return value is the \fIname\fR argument that was used to create the encoding. The string returned by \fBTcl_GetEncodingName\fR is only guaranteed to persist until the \fIencoding\fR is deleted. The caller must not modify this string. .PP \fBTcl_SetSystemEncoding\fR sets the default encoding that should be used whenever the user passes a NULL value for the \fIencoding\fR argument to any of the other encoding functions. If \fIname\fR is NULL, the system encoding is reset to the default system encoding, \fBbinary\fR. If the name did not refer to any known or loadable encoding, \fBTCL_ERROR\fR is returned and an error message is left in \fIinterp\fR. Otherwise, this procedure increments the reference count of the new system encoding, decrements the reference count of the old system encoding, and returns \fBTCL_OK\fR. .PP \fBTcl_GetEncodingNameFromEnvironment\fR provides a means for the Tcl library to report the encoding name it believes to be the correct one to use as the system encoding, based on system calls and examination of the environment suitable for the platform. It accepts \fIbufPtr\fR, a pointer to an uninitialized or freed \fBTcl_DString\fR and writes the encoding name to it. The \fBTcl_DStringValue\fR is returned. .PP \fBTcl_GetEncodingNames\fR sets the \fIinterp\fR result to a list consisting of the names of all the encodings that are currently defined or can be dynamically loaded, searching the encoding path specified by \fBTcl_SetDefaultEncodingDir\fR. This procedure does not ensure that the dynamically-loadable encoding files contain valid data, but merely that they exist. .PP \fBTcl_CreateEncoding\fR defines a new encoding and registers the C procedures that are called back to convert between the encoding and UTF-8. Encodings created by \fBTcl_CreateEncoding\fR are thereafter visible in the database used by \fBTcl_GetEncoding\fR. Just as with the \fBTcl_GetEncoding\fR procedure, the return value is a token that represents the encoding and can be used in subsequent calls to other encoding functions. \fBTcl_CreateEncoding\fR returns an encoding with a reference count of 1. If an encoding with the specified \fIname\fR already exists, then its entry in the database is replaced with the new encoding; the token for the old encoding will remain valid and continue to behave as before, but users of the new token will now call the new encoding procedures. .PP The \fItypePtr\fR argument to \fBTcl_CreateEncoding\fR contains information about the name of the encoding and the procedures that will be called to convert between this encoding and UTF-8. It is defined as follows: .PP .CS typedef struct Tcl_EncodingType { const char *\fIencodingName\fR; Tcl_EncodingConvertProc *\fItoUtfProc\fR; Tcl_EncodingConvertProc *\fIfromUtfProc\fR; Tcl_EncodingFreeProc *\fIfreeProc\fR; ClientData \fIclientData\fR; int \fInullSize\fR; } \fBTcl_EncodingType\fR; .CE .PP The \fIencodingName\fR provides a string name for the encoding, by which it can be referred in other procedures such as \fBTcl_GetEncoding\fR. The \fItoUtfProc\fR refers to a callback procedure to invoke to convert text from this encoding into UTF-8. The \fIfromUtfProc\fR refers to a callback procedure to invoke to convert text from UTF-8 into this encoding. The \fIfreeProc\fR refers to a callback procedure to invoke when this encoding is deleted. The \fIfreeProc\fR field may be NULL. The \fIclientData\fR contains an arbitrary one-word value passed to \fItoUtfProc\fR, \fIfromUtfProc\fR, and \fIfreeProc\fR whenever they are called. Typically, this is a pointer to a data structure containing encoding-specific information that can be used by the callback procedures. For instance, two very similar encodings such as \fBascii\fR and \fBmacRoman\fR may use the same callback procedure, but use different values of \fIclientData\fR to control its behavior. The \fInullSize\fR specifies the number of zero bytes that signify end-of-string in this encoding. It must be \fB1\fR (for single-byte or multi-byte encodings like ASCII or Shift-JIS) or \fB2\fR (for double-byte encodings like Unicode). Constant-sized encodings with 3 or more bytes per character (such as CNS11643) are not accepted. .PP The callback procedures \fItoUtfProc\fR and \fIfromUtfProc\fR should match the type \fBTcl_EncodingConvertProc\fR: .PP .CS typedef int \fBTcl_EncodingConvertProc\fR( ClientData \fIclientData\fR, const char *\fIsrc\fR, int \fIsrcLen\fR, int \fIflags\fR, Tcl_EncodingState *\fIstatePtr\fR, char *\fIdst\fR, int \fIdstLen\fR, int *\fIsrcReadPtr\fR, int *\fIdstWrotePtr\fR, int *\fIdstCharsPtr\fR); .CE .PP The \fItoUtfProc\fR and \fIfromUtfProc\fR procedures are called by the \fBTcl_ExternalToUtf\fR or \fBTcl_UtfToExternal\fR family of functions to perform the actual conversion. The \fIclientData\fR parameter to these procedures is the same as the \fIclientData\fR field specified to \fBTcl_CreateEncoding\fR when the encoding was created. The remaining arguments to the callback procedures are the same as the arguments, documented at the top, to \fBTcl_ExternalToUtf\fR or \fBTcl_UtfToExternal\fR, with the following exceptions. If the \fIsrcLen\fR argument to one of those high-level functions is negative, the value passed to the callback procedure will be the appropriate encoding-specific string length of \fIsrc\fR. If any of the \fIsrcReadPtr\fR, \fIdstWrotePtr\fR, or \fIdstCharsPtr\fR arguments to one of the high-level functions is NULL, the corresponding value passed to the callback procedure will be a non-NULL location. .PP The callback procedure \fIfreeProc\fR, if non-NULL, should match the type \fBTcl_EncodingFreeProc\fR: .PP .CS typedef void \fBTcl_EncodingFreeProc\fR( ClientData \fIclientData\fR); .CE .PP This \fIfreeProc\fR function is called when the encoding is deleted. The \fIclientData\fR parameter is the same as the \fIclientData\fR field specified to \fBTcl_CreateEncoding\fR when the encoding was created. .PP \fBTcl_GetEncodingSearchPath\fR and \fBTcl_SetEncodingSearchPath\fR are called to access and set the list of filesystem directories searched for encoding data files. .PP The value returned by \fBTcl_GetEncodingSearchPath\fR is the value stored by the last successful call to \fBTcl_SetEncodingSearchPath\fR. If no calls to \fBTcl_SetEncodingSearchPath\fR have occurred, Tcl will compute an initial value based on the environment. There is one encoding search path for the entire process, shared by all threads in the process. .PP \fBTcl_SetEncodingSearchPath\fR stores \fIsearchPath\fR and returns \fBTCL_OK\fR, unless \fIsearchPath\fR is not a valid Tcl list, which causes \fBTCL_ERROR\fR to be returned. The elements of \fIsearchPath\fR are not verified as existing readable filesystem directories. When searching for encoding data files takes place, and non-existent or non-readable filesystem directories on the \fIsearchPath\fR are silently ignored. .PP \fBTcl_GetDefaultEncodingDir\fR and \fBTcl_SetDefaultEncodingDir\fR are obsolete interfaces best replaced with calls to \fBTcl_GetEncodingSearchPath\fR and \fBTcl_SetEncodingSearchPath\fR. They are called to access and set the first element of the \fIsearchPath\fR list. Since Tcl searches \fIsearchPath\fR for encoding data files in list order, these routines establish the .QW default directory in which to find encoding data files. .SH "ENCODING FILES" Space would prohibit precompiling into Tcl every possible encoding algorithm, so many encodings are stored on disk as dynamically-loadable encoding files. This behavior also allows the user to create additional encoding files that can be loaded using the same mechanism. These encoding files contain information about the tables and/or escape sequences used to map between an external encoding and Unicode. The external encoding may consist of single-byte, multi-byte, or double-byte characters. .PP Each dynamically-loadable encoding is represented as a text file. The initial line of the file, beginning with a .QW # symbol, is a comment that provides a human-readable description of the file. The next line identifies the type of encoding file. It can be one of the following letters: .IP "[1] \fBS\fR" A single-byte encoding, where one character is always one byte long in the encoding. An example is \fBiso8859-1\fR, used by many European languages. .IP "[2] \fBD\fR" A double-byte encoding, where one character is always two bytes long in the encoding. An example is \fBbig5\fR, used for Chinese text. .IP "[3] \fBM\fR" A multi-byte encoding, where one character may be either one or two bytes long. Certain bytes are lead bytes, indicating that another byte must follow and that together the two bytes represent one character. Other bytes are not lead bytes and represent themselves. An example is \fBshiftjis\fR, used by many Japanese computers. .IP "[4] \fBE\fR" An escape-sequence encoding, specifying that certain sequences of bytes do not represent characters, but commands that describe how following bytes should be interpreted. .PP The rest of the lines in the file depend on the type. .PP Cases [1], [2], and [3] are collectively referred to as table-based encoding files. The lines in a table-based encoding file are in the same format as this example taken from the \fBshiftjis\fR encoding (this is not the complete file): .PP .CS # Encoding file: shiftjis, multi-byte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he third line of the file is three numbers. The first number is the fallback character (in base 16) to use when converting from UTF-8 to this encoding. The second number is a \fB1\fR if this file represents the encoding for a symbol font, or \fB0\fR otherwise. The last number (in base 10) is how many pages of data follow. .PP Subsequent lines in the example above are pages that describe how to map from the encoding into 2-byte Unicode. The first line in a page identifies the page number. Following it are 256 double-byte numbers, arranged as 16 rows of 16 numbers. Given a character in the encoding, the high byte of that character is used to select which page, and the low byte of that character is used as an index to select one of the double-byte numbers in that page \- the value obtained being the corresponding Unicode character. By examination of the example above, one can see that the characters 0x7E and 0x8163 in \fBshiftjis\fR map to 203E and 2026 in Unicode, respectively. .PP Following the first page will be all the other pages, each in the same format as the first: one number identifying the page followed by 256 double-byte Unicode characters. If a character in the encoding maps to the Unicode character 0000, it means that the character does not actually exist. If all characters on a page would map to 0000, that page can be omitted. .PP Case [4] is the escape-sequence encoding file. The lines in an this type of file are in the same format as this example taken from the \fBiso2022-jp\fR encoding: .PP .CS .ta 1.5i # Encoding file: iso2022-jp, escape-driven E init {} final {} iso8859-1 \ex1b(B jis0201 \ex1b(J jis0208 \ex1b$@ jis0208 \ex1b$B jis0212 \ex1b$(D gb2312 \ex1b$A ksc5601 \ex1b$(C .CE .PP In the file, the first column represents an option and the second column is the associated value. \fBinit\fR is a string to emit or expect before the first character is converted, while \fBfinal\fR is a string to emit or expect after the last character. All other options are names of table-based encodings; the associated value is the escape-sequence that marks that encoding. Tcl syntax is used for the values; in the above example, for instance, .QW \fB{}\fR represents the empty string and .QW \fB\ex1b\fR represents character 27. .PP When \fBTcl_GetEncoding\fR encounters an encoding \fIname\fR that has not been loaded, it attempts to load an encoding file called \fIname\fB.enc\fR from the \fBencoding\fR subdirectory of each directory that Tcl searches for its script library. If the encoding file exists, but is malformed, an error message will be left in \fIinterp\fR. .SH "REFERENCE COUNT MANAGEMENT" .PP \fBTcl_GetEncodingFromObj\fR does not modify the reference count of its \fIobjPtr\fR argument; it only reads. Note however that this function may set the interpreter result; if that is the only place that is holding a reference to the object, it will be deleted. .PP \fBTcl_GetEncodingSearchPath\fR returns an object with a reference count of at least 1. .SH "SEE ALSO" encoding(n) .SH KEYWORDS utf, encoding, convert 740' href='#n740'>740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 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import contextlib
import difflib
import pprint
import pickle
import re
import sys
import logging
import warnings
import weakref
import inspect

from copy import deepcopy
from test import support

import unittest

from unittest.test.support import (
    TestEquality, TestHashing, LoggingResult, LegacyLoggingResult,
    ResultWithNoStartTestRunStopTestRun
)
from test.support import captured_stderr


log_foo = logging.getLogger('foo')
log_foobar = logging.getLogger('foo.bar')
log_quux = logging.getLogger('quux')


class Test(object):
    "Keep these TestCase classes out of the main namespace"

    class Foo(unittest.TestCase):
        def runTest(self): pass
        def test1(self): pass

    class Bar(Foo):
        def test2(self): pass

    class LoggingTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
        """A test case which logs its calls."""

        def __init__(self, events):
            super(Test.LoggingTestCase, self).__init__('test')
            self.events = events

        def setUp(self):
            self.events.append('setUp')

        def test(self):
            self.events.append('test')

        def tearDown(self):
            self.events.append('tearDown')


class Test_TestCase(unittest.TestCase, TestEquality, TestHashing):

    ### Set up attributes used by inherited tests
    ################################################################

    # Used by TestHashing.test_hash and TestEquality.test_eq
    eq_pairs = [(Test.Foo('test1'), Test.Foo('test1'))]

    # Used by TestEquality.test_ne
    ne_pairs = [(Test.Foo('test1'), Test.Foo('runTest')),
                (Test.Foo('test1'), Test.Bar('test1')),
                (Test.Foo('test1'), Test.Bar('test2'))]

    ################################################################
    ### /Set up attributes used by inherited tests


    # "class TestCase([methodName])"
    # ...
    # "Each instance of TestCase will run a single test method: the
    # method named methodName."
    # ...
    # "methodName defaults to "runTest"."
    #
    # Make sure it really is optional, and that it defaults to the proper
    # thing.
    def test_init__no_test_name(self):
        class Test(unittest.TestCase):
            def runTest(self): raise MyException()
            def test(self): pass

        self.assertEqual(Test().id()[-13:], '.Test.runTest')

        # test that TestCase can be instantiated with no args
        # primarily for use at the interactive interpreter
        test = unittest.TestCase()
        test.assertEqual(3, 3)
        with test.assertRaises(test.failureException):
            test.assertEqual(3, 2)

        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
            test.run()

    # "class TestCase([methodName])"
    # ...
    # "Each instance of TestCase will run a single test method: the
    # method named methodName."
    def test_init__test_name__valid(self):
        class Test(unittest.TestCase):
            def runTest(self): raise MyException()
            def test(self): pass

        self.assertEqual(Test('test').id()[-10:], '.Test.test')

    # "class TestCase([methodName])"
    # ...
    # "Each instance of TestCase will run a single test method: the
    # method named methodName."
    def test_init__test_name__invalid(self):
        class Test(unittest.TestCase):
            def runTest(self): raise MyException()
            def test(self): pass

        try:
            Test('testfoo')
        except ValueError:
            pass
        else:
            self.fail("Failed to raise ValueError")

    # "Return the number of tests represented by the this test object. For
    # TestCase instances, this will always be 1"
    def test_countTestCases(self):
        class Foo(unittest.TestCase):
            def test(self): pass

        self.assertEqual(Foo('test').countTestCases(), 1)

    # "Return the default type of test result object to be used to run this
    # test. For TestCase instances, this will always be
    # unittest.TestResult;  subclasses of TestCase should
    # override this as necessary."
    def test_defaultTestResult(self):
        class Foo(unittest.TestCase):
            def runTest(self):
                pass

        result = Foo().defaultTestResult()
        self.assertEqual(type(result), unittest.TestResult)

    # "When a setUp() method is defined, the test runner will run that method
    # prior to each test. Likewise, if a tearDown() method is defined, the
    # test runner will invoke that method after each test. In the example,
    # setUp() was used to create a fresh sequence for each test."
    #
    # Make sure the proper call order is maintained, even if setUp() raises
    # an exception.
    def test_run_call_order__error_in_setUp(self):
        events = []
        result = LoggingResult(events)

        class Foo(Test.LoggingTestCase):
            def setUp(self):
                super(Foo, self).setUp()
                raise RuntimeError('raised by Foo.setUp')

        Foo(events).run(result)
        expected = ['startTest', 'setUp', 'addError', 'stopTest']
        self.assertEqual(events, expected)

    # "With a temporary result stopTestRun is called when setUp errors.
    def test_run_call_order__error_in_setUp_default_result(self):
        events = []

        class Foo(Test.LoggingTestCase):
            def defaultTestResult(self):
                return LoggingResult(self.events)

            def setUp(self):
                super(Foo, self).setUp()
                raise RuntimeError('raised by Foo.setUp')

        Foo(events).run()
        expected = ['startTestRun', 'startTest', 'setUp', 'addError',
                    'stopTest', 'stopTestRun']
        self.assertEqual(events, expected)

    # "When a setUp() method is defined, the test runner will run that method
    # prior to each test. Likewise, if a tearDown() method is defined, the
    # test runner will invoke that method after each test. In the example,
    # setUp() was used to create a fresh sequence for each test."
    #
    # Make sure the proper call order is maintained, even if the test raises
    # an error (as opposed to a failure).
    def test_run_call_order__error_in_test(self):
        events = []
        result = LoggingResult(events)

        class Foo(Test.LoggingTestCase):
            def test(self):
                super(Foo, self).test()
                raise RuntimeError('raised by Foo.test')

        expected = ['startTest', 'setUp', 'test', 'tearDown',
                    'addError', 'stopTest']
        Foo(events).run(result)
        self.assertEqual(events, expected)

    # "With a default result, an error in the test still results in stopTestRun
    # being called."
    def test_run_call_order__error_in_test_default_result(self):
        events = []

        class Foo(Test.LoggingTestCase):
            def defaultTestResult(self):
                return LoggingResult(self.events)

            def test(self):
                super(Foo, self).test()
                raise RuntimeError('raised by Foo.test')

        expected = ['startTestRun', 'startTest', 'setUp', 'test',
                    'tearDown', 'addError', 'stopTest', 'stopTestRun']
        Foo(events).run()
        self.assertEqual(events, expected)

    # "When a setUp() method is defined, the test runner will run that method
    # prior to each test. Likewise, if a tearDown() method is defined, the
    # test runner will invoke that method after each test. In the example,
    # setUp() was used to create a fresh sequence for each test."
    #
    # Make sure the proper call order is maintained, even if the test signals
    # a failure (as opposed to an error).
    def test_run_call_order__failure_in_test(self):
        events = []
        result = LoggingResult(events)

        class Foo(Test.LoggingTestCase):
            def test(self):
                super(Foo, self).test()
                self.fail('raised by Foo.test')

        expected = ['startTest', 'setUp', 'test', 'tearDown',
                    'addFailure', 'stopTest']
        Foo(events).run(result)
        self.assertEqual(events, expected)

    # "When a test fails with a default result stopTestRun is still called."
    def test_run_call_order__failure_in_test_default_result(self):

        class Foo(Test.LoggingTestCase):
            def defaultTestResult(self):
                return LoggingResult(self.events)
            def test(self):
                super(Foo, self).test()
                self.fail('raised by Foo.test')

        expected = ['startTestRun', 'startTest', 'setUp', 'test',
                    'tearDown', 'addFailure', 'stopTest', 'stopTestRun']
        events = []
        Foo(events).run()
        self.assertEqual(events, expected)

    # "When a setUp() method is defined, the test runner will run that method
    # prior to each test. Likewise, if a tearDown() method is defined, the
    # test runner will invoke that method after each test. In the example,
    # setUp() was used to create a fresh sequence for each test."
    #
    # Make sure the proper call order is maintained, even if tearDown() raises
    # an exception.
    def test_run_call_order__error_in_tearDown(self):
        events = []
        result = LoggingResult(events)

        class Foo(Test.LoggingTestCase):
            def tearDown(self):
                super(Foo, self).tearDown()
                raise RuntimeError('raised by Foo.tearDown')

        Foo(events).run(result)
        expected = ['startTest', 'setUp', 'test', 'tearDown', 'addError',
                    'stopTest']
        self.assertEqual(events, expected)

    # "When tearDown errors with a default result stopTestRun is still called."
    def test_run_call_order__error_in_tearDown_default_result(self):

        class Foo(Test.LoggingTestCase):
            def defaultTestResult(self):
                return LoggingResult(self.events)
            def tearDown(self):
                super(Foo, self).tearDown()
                raise RuntimeError('raised by Foo.tearDown')

        events = []
        Foo(events).run()
        expected = ['startTestRun', 'startTest', 'setUp', 'test', 'tearDown',
                    'addError', 'stopTest', 'stopTestRun']
        self.assertEqual(events, expected)

    # "TestCase.run() still works when the defaultTestResult is a TestResult
    # that does not support startTestRun and stopTestRun.
    def test_run_call_order_default_result(self):

        class Foo(unittest.TestCase):
            def defaultTestResult(self):
                return ResultWithNoStartTestRunStopTestRun()
            def test(self):
                pass

        Foo('test').run()

    def _check_call_order__subtests(self, result, events, expected_events):
        class Foo(Test.LoggingTestCase):
            def test(self):
                super(Foo, self).test()
                for i in [1, 2, 3]:
                    with self.subTest(i=i):
                        if i == 1:
                            self.fail('failure')
                        for j in [2, 3]:
                            with self.subTest(j=j):
                                if i * j == 6:
                                    raise RuntimeError('raised by Foo.test')
                1 / 0

        # Order is the following:
        # i=1 => subtest failure
        # i=2, j=2 => subtest success
        # i=2, j=3 => subtest error
        # i=3, j=2 => subtest error
        # i=3, j=3 => subtest success
        # toplevel => error
        Foo(events).run(result)
        self.assertEqual(events, expected_events)

    def test_run_call_order__subtests(self):
        events = []
        result = LoggingResult(events)
        expected = ['startTest', 'setUp', 'test', 'tearDown',
                    'addSubTestFailure', 'addSubTestSuccess',
                    'addSubTestFailure', 'addSubTestFailure',
                    'addSubTestSuccess', 'addError', 'stopTest']
        self._check_call_order__subtests(result, events, expected)

    def test_run_call_order__subtests_legacy(self):
        # With a legacy result object (without an addSubTest method),
        # text execution stops after the first subtest failure.
        events = []
        result = LegacyLoggingResult(events)
        expected = ['startTest', 'setUp', 'test', 'tearDown',
                    'addFailure', 'stopTest']
        self._check_call_order__subtests(result, events, expected)

    def _check_call_order__subtests_success(self, result, events, expected_events):
        class Foo(Test.LoggingTestCase):
            def test(self):
                super(Foo, self).test()
                for i in [1, 2]:
                    with self.subTest(i=i):
                        for j in [2, 3]:
                            with self.subTest(j=j):
                                pass

        Foo(events).run(result)
        self.assertEqual(events, expected_events)

    def test_run_call_order__subtests_success(self):
        events = []
        result = LoggingResult(events)
        # The 6 subtest successes are individually recorded, in addition
        # to the whole test success.
        expected = (['startTest', 'setUp', 'test', 'tearDown']
                    + 6 * ['addSubTestSuccess']
                    + ['addSuccess', 'stopTest'])
        self._check_call_order__subtests_success(result, events, expected)

    def test_run_call_order__subtests_success_legacy(self):
        # With a legacy result, only the whole test success is recorded.
        events = []
        result = LegacyLoggingResult(events)
        expected = ['startTest', 'setUp', 'test', 'tearDown',
                    'addSuccess', 'stopTest']
        self._check_call_order__subtests_success(result, events, expected)

    def test_run_call_order__subtests_failfast(self):
        events = []
        result = LoggingResult(events)
        result.failfast = True

        class Foo(Test.LoggingTestCase):
            def test(self):
                super(Foo, self).test()
                with self.subTest(i=1):
                    self.fail('failure')
                with self.subTest(i=2):
                    self.fail('failure')
                self.fail('failure')

        expected = ['startTest', 'setUp', 'test', 'tearDown',
                    'addSubTestFailure', 'stopTest']
        Foo(events).run(result)
        self.assertEqual(events, expected)

    def test_subtests_failfast(self):
        # Ensure proper test flow with subtests and failfast (issue #22894)
        events = []

        class Foo(unittest.TestCase):
            def test_a(self):
                with self.subTest():
                    events.append('a1')
                events.append('a2')

            def test_b(self):
                with self.subTest():
                    events.append('b1')
                with self.subTest():
                    self.fail('failure')
                events.append('b2')

            def test_c(self):
                events.append('c')

        result = unittest.TestResult()
        result.failfast = True
        suite = unittest.makeSuite(Foo)
        suite.run(result)

        expected = ['a1', 'a2', 'b1']
        self.assertEqual(events, expected)

    # "This class attribute gives the exception raised by the test() method.
    # If a test framework needs to use a specialized exception, possibly to
    # carry additional information, it must subclass this exception in
    # order to ``play fair'' with the framework.  The initial value of this
    # attribute is AssertionError"
    def test_failureException__default(self):
        class Foo(unittest.TestCase):
            def test(self):
                pass

        self.assertIs(Foo('test').failureException, AssertionError)

    # "This class attribute gives the exception raised by the test() method.
    # If a test framework needs to use a specialized exception, possibly to
    # carry additional information, it must subclass this exception in
    # order to ``play fair'' with the framework."
    #
    # Make sure TestCase.run() respects the designated failureException
    def test_failureException__subclassing__explicit_raise(self):
        events = []
        result = LoggingResult(events)

        class Foo(unittest.TestCase):
            def test(self):
                raise RuntimeError()

            failureException = RuntimeError

        self.assertIs(Foo('test').failureException, RuntimeError)


        Foo('test').run(result)
        expected = ['startTest', 'addFailure', 'stopTest']
        self.assertEqual(events, expected)

    # "This class attribute gives the exception raised by the test() method.
    # If a test framework needs to use a specialized exception, possibly to
    # carry additional information, it must subclass this exception in
    # order to ``play fair'' with the framework."
    #
    # Make sure TestCase.run() respects the designated failureException
    def test_failureException__subclassing__implicit_raise(self):
        events = []
        result = LoggingResult(events)

        class Foo(unittest.TestCase):
            def test(self):
                self.fail("foo")

            failureException = RuntimeError

        self.assertIs(Foo('test').failureException, RuntimeError)


        Foo('test').run(result)
        expected = ['startTest', 'addFailure', 'stopTest']
        self.assertEqual(events, expected)

    # "The default implementation does nothing."
    def test_setUp(self):
        class Foo(unittest.TestCase):
            def runTest(self):
                pass

        # ... and nothing should happen
        Foo().setUp()

    # "The default implementation does nothing."
    def test_tearDown(self):
        class Foo(unittest.TestCase):
            def runTest(self):
                pass

        # ... and nothing should happen
        Foo().tearDown()

    # "Return a string identifying the specific test case."
    #
    # Because of the vague nature of the docs, I'm not going to lock this
    # test down too much. Really all that can be asserted is that the id()
    # will be a string (either 8-byte or unicode -- again, because the docs
    # just say "string")
    def test_id(self):
        class Foo(unittest.TestCase):
            def runTest(self):
                pass

        self.assertIsInstance(Foo().id(), str)


    # "If result is omitted or None, a temporary result object is created,
    # used, and is made available to the caller. As TestCase owns the
    # temporary result startTestRun and stopTestRun are called.

    def test_run__uses_defaultTestResult(self):
        events = []
        defaultResult = LoggingResult(events)

        class Foo(unittest.TestCase):
            def test(self):
                events.append('test')

            def defaultTestResult(self):
                return defaultResult

        # Make run() find a result object on its own
        result = Foo('test').run()

        self.assertIs(result, defaultResult)
        expected = ['startTestRun', 'startTest', 'test', 'addSuccess',
            'stopTest', 'stopTestRun']
        self.assertEqual(events, expected)


    # "The result object is returned to run's caller"
    def test_run__returns_given_result(self):

        class Foo(unittest.TestCase):
            def test(self):
                pass

        result = unittest.TestResult()

        retval = Foo('test').run(result)
        self.assertIs(retval, result)


    # "The same effect [as method run] may be had by simply calling the
    # TestCase instance."
    def test_call__invoking_an_instance_delegates_to_run(self):
        resultIn = unittest.TestResult()
        resultOut = unittest.TestResult()

        class Foo(unittest.TestCase):
            def test(self):
                pass

            def run(self, result):
                self.assertIs(result, resultIn)
                return resultOut

        retval = Foo('test')(resultIn)

        self.assertIs(retval, resultOut)


    def testShortDescriptionWithoutDocstring(self):
        self.assertIsNone(self.shortDescription())

    @unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.optimize >= 2,
                     "Docstrings are omitted with -O2 and above")
    def testShortDescriptionWithOneLineDocstring(self):
        """Tests shortDescription() for a method with a docstring."""
        self.assertEqual(
                self.shortDescription(),
                'Tests shortDescription() for a method with a docstring.')

    @unittest.skipIf(sys.flags.optimize >= 2,
                     "Docstrings are omitted with -O2 and above")
    def testShortDescriptionWithMultiLineDocstring(self):
        """Tests shortDescription() for a method with a longer docstring.

        This method ensures that only the first line of a docstring is
        returned used in the short description, no matter how long the
        whole thing is.
        """
        self.assertEqual(
                self.shortDescription(),
                 'Tests shortDescription() for a method with a longer '
                 'docstring.')

    def testAddTypeEqualityFunc(self):
        class SadSnake(object):
            """Dummy class for test_addTypeEqualityFunc."""
        s1, s2 = SadSnake(), SadSnake()
        self.assertFalse(s1 == s2)
        def AllSnakesCreatedEqual(a, b, msg=None):
            return type(a) == type(b) == SadSnake
        self.addTypeEqualityFunc(SadSnake, AllSnakesCreatedEqual)
        self.assertEqual(s1, s2)
        # No this doesn't clean up and remove the SadSnake equality func
        # from this TestCase instance but since its a local nothing else
        # will ever notice that.

    def testAssertIs(self):
        thing = object()
        self.assertIs(thing, thing)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertIs, thing, object())

    def testAssertIsNot(self):
        thing = object()
        self.assertIsNot(thing, object())
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertIsNot, thing, thing)

    def testAssertIsInstance(self):
        thing = []
        self.assertIsInstance(thing, list)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertIsInstance,
                          thing, dict)

    def testAssertNotIsInstance(self):
        thing = []
        self.assertNotIsInstance(thing, dict)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertNotIsInstance,
                          thing, list)

    def testAssertIn(self):
        animals = {'monkey': 'banana', 'cow': 'grass', 'seal': 'fish'}

        self.assertIn('a', 'abc')
        self.assertIn(2, [1, 2, 3])
        self.assertIn('monkey', animals)

        self.assertNotIn('d', 'abc')
        self.assertNotIn(0, [1, 2, 3])
        self.assertNotIn('otter', animals)

        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertIn, 'x', 'abc')
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertIn, 4, [1, 2, 3])
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertIn, 'elephant',
                          animals)

        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertNotIn, 'c', 'abc')
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertNotIn, 1, [1, 2, 3])
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertNotIn, 'cow',
                          animals)

    def testAssertDictContainsSubset(self):
        with warnings.catch_warnings():
            warnings.simplefilter("ignore", DeprecationWarning)

            self.assertDictContainsSubset({}, {})
            self.assertDictContainsSubset({}, {'a': 1})
            self.assertDictContainsSubset({'a': 1}, {'a': 1})
            self.assertDictContainsSubset({'a': 1}, {'a': 1, 'b': 2})
            self.assertDictContainsSubset({'a': 1, 'b': 2}, {'a': 1, 'b': 2})

            with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
                self.assertDictContainsSubset({1: "one"}, {})

            with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
                self.assertDictContainsSubset({'a': 2}, {'a': 1})

            with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
                self.assertDictContainsSubset({'c': 1}, {'a': 1})

            with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
                self.assertDictContainsSubset({'a': 1, 'c': 1}, {'a': 1})

            with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
                self.assertDictContainsSubset({'a': 1, 'c': 1}, {'a': 1})

            one = ''.join(chr(i) for i in range(255))
            # this used to cause a UnicodeDecodeError constructing the failure msg
            with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
                self.assertDictContainsSubset({'foo': one}, {'foo': '\uFFFD'})

    def testAssertEqual(self):
        equal_pairs = [
                ((), ()),
                ({}, {}),
                ([], []),
                (set(), set()),
                (frozenset(), frozenset())]
        for a, b in equal_pairs:
            # This mess of try excepts is to test the assertEqual behavior
            # itself.
            try:
                self.assertEqual(a, b)
            except self.failureException:
                self.fail('assertEqual(%r, %r) failed' % (a, b))
            try:
                self.assertEqual(a, b, msg='foo')
            except self.failureException:
                self.fail('assertEqual(%r, %r) with msg= failed' % (a, b))
            try:
                self.assertEqual(a, b, 'foo')
            except self.failureException:
                self.fail('assertEqual(%r, %r) with third parameter failed' %
                          (a, b))

        unequal_pairs = [
               ((), []),
               ({}, set()),
               (set([4,1]), frozenset([4,2])),
               (frozenset([4,5]), set([2,3])),
               (set([3,4]), set([5,4]))]
        for a, b in unequal_pairs:
            self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertEqual, a, b)
            self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertEqual, a, b,
                              'foo')
            self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertEqual, a, b,
                              msg='foo')

    def testEquality(self):
        self.assertListEqual([], [])
        self.assertTupleEqual((), ())
        self.assertSequenceEqual([], ())

        a = [0, 'a', []]
        b = []
        self.assertRaises(unittest.TestCase.failureException,
                          self.assertListEqual, a, b)
        self.assertRaises(unittest.TestCase.failureException,
                          self.assertListEqual, tuple(a), tuple(b))
        self.assertRaises(unittest.TestCase.failureException,
                          self.assertSequenceEqual, a, tuple(b))

        b.extend(a)
        self.assertListEqual(a, b)
        self.assertTupleEqual(tuple(a), tuple(b))
        self.assertSequenceEqual(a, tuple(b))
        self.assertSequenceEqual(tuple(a), b)

        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertListEqual,
                          a, tuple(b))
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertTupleEqual,
                          tuple(a), b)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertListEqual, None, b)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertTupleEqual, None,
                          tuple(b))
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertSequenceEqual,
                          None, tuple(b))
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertListEqual, 1, 1)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertTupleEqual, 1, 1)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertSequenceEqual,
                          1, 1)

        self.assertDictEqual({}, {})

        c = { 'x': 1 }
        d = {}
        self.assertRaises(unittest.TestCase.failureException,
                          self.assertDictEqual, c, d)

        d.update(c)
        self.assertDictEqual(c, d)

        d['x'] = 0
        self.assertRaises(unittest.TestCase.failureException,
                          self.assertDictEqual, c, d, 'These are unequal')

        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertDictEqual, None, d)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertDictEqual, [], d)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertDictEqual, 1, 1)

    def testAssertSequenceEqualMaxDiff(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.maxDiff, 80*8)
        seq1 = 'a' + 'x' * 80**2
        seq2 = 'b' + 'x' * 80**2
        diff = '\n'.join(difflib.ndiff(pprint.pformat(seq1).splitlines(),
                                       pprint.pformat(seq2).splitlines()))
        # the +1 is the leading \n added by assertSequenceEqual
        omitted = unittest.case.DIFF_OMITTED % (len(diff) + 1,)

        self.maxDiff = len(diff)//2
        try:

            self.assertSequenceEqual(seq1, seq2)
        except self.failureException as e:
            msg = e.args[0]
        else:
            self.fail('assertSequenceEqual did not fail.')
        self.assertLess(len(msg), len(diff))
        self.assertIn(omitted, msg)

        self.maxDiff = len(diff) * 2
        try:
            self.assertSequenceEqual(seq1, seq2)
        except self.failureException as e:
            msg = e.args[0]
        else:
            self.fail('assertSequenceEqual did not fail.')
        self.assertGreater(len(msg), len(diff))
        self.assertNotIn(omitted, msg)

        self.maxDiff = None
        try:
            self.assertSequenceEqual(seq1, seq2)
        except self.failureException as e:
            msg = e.args[0]
        else:
            self.fail('assertSequenceEqual did not fail.')
        self.assertGreater(len(msg), len(diff))
        self.assertNotIn(omitted, msg)

    def testTruncateMessage(self):
        self.maxDiff = 1
        message = self._truncateMessage('foo', 'bar')
        omitted = unittest.case.DIFF_OMITTED % len('bar')
        self.assertEqual(message, 'foo' + omitted)

        self.maxDiff = None
        message = self._truncateMessage('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertEqual(message, 'foobar')

        self.maxDiff = 4
        message = self._truncateMessage('foo', 'bar')
        self.assertEqual(message, 'foobar')

    def testAssertDictEqualTruncates(self):
        test = unittest.TestCase('assertEqual')
        def truncate(msg, diff):
            return 'foo'
        test._truncateMessage = truncate
        try:
            test.assertDictEqual({}, {1: 0})
        except self.failureException as e:
            self.assertEqual(str(e), 'foo')
        else:
            self.fail('assertDictEqual did not fail')

    def testAssertMultiLineEqualTruncates(self):
        test = unittest.TestCase('assertEqual')
        def truncate(msg, diff):
            return 'foo'
        test._truncateMessage = truncate
        try:
            test.assertMultiLineEqual('foo', 'bar')
        except self.failureException as e:
            self.assertEqual(str(e), 'foo')
        else:
            self.fail('assertMultiLineEqual did not fail')

    def testAssertEqual_diffThreshold(self):
        # check threshold value
        self.assertEqual(self._diffThreshold, 2**16)
        # disable madDiff to get diff markers
        self.maxDiff = None

        # set a lower threshold value and add a cleanup to restore it
        old_threshold = self._diffThreshold
        self._diffThreshold = 2**5
        self.addCleanup(lambda: setattr(self, '_diffThreshold', old_threshold))

        # under the threshold: diff marker (^) in error message
        s = 'x' * (2**4)
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException) as cm:
            self.assertEqual(s + 'a', s + 'b')
        self.assertIn('^', str(cm.exception))
        self.assertEqual(s + 'a', s + 'a')

        # over the threshold: diff not used and marker (^) not in error message
        s = 'x' * (2**6)
        # if the path that uses difflib is taken, _truncateMessage will be
        # called -- replace it with explodingTruncation to verify that this
        # doesn't happen
        def explodingTruncation(message, diff):
            raise SystemError('this should not be raised')
        old_truncate = self._truncateMessage
        self._truncateMessage = explodingTruncation
        self.addCleanup(lambda: setattr(self, '_truncateMessage', old_truncate))

        s1, s2 = s + 'a', s + 'b'
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException) as cm:
            self.assertEqual(s1, s2)
        self.assertNotIn('^', str(cm.exception))
        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), '%r != %r' % (s1, s2))
        self.assertEqual(s + 'a', s + 'a')

    def testAssertEqual_shorten(self):
        # set a lower threshold value and add a cleanup to restore it
        old_threshold = self._diffThreshold
        self._diffThreshold = 0
        self.addCleanup(lambda: setattr(self, '_diffThreshold', old_threshold))

        s = 'x' * 100
        s1, s2 = s + 'a', s + 'b'
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException) as cm:
            self.assertEqual(s1, s2)
        c = 'xxxx[35 chars]' + 'x' * 61
        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), "'%sa' != '%sb'" % (c, c))
        self.assertEqual(s + 'a', s + 'a')

        p = 'y' * 50
        s1, s2 = s + 'a' + p, s + 'b' + p
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException) as cm:
            self.assertEqual(s1, s2)
        c = 'xxxx[85 chars]xxxxxxxxxxx'
        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), "'%sa%s' != '%sb%s'" % (c, p, c, p))

        p = 'y' * 100
        s1, s2 = s + 'a' + p, s + 'b' + p
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException) as cm:
            self.assertEqual(s1, s2)
        c = 'xxxx[91 chars]xxxxx'
        d = 'y' * 40 + '[56 chars]yyyy'
        self.assertEqual(str(cm.exception), "'%sa%s' != '%sb%s'" % (c, d, c, d))

    def testAssertCountEqual(self):
        a = object()
        self.assertCountEqual([1, 2, 3], [3, 2, 1])
        self.assertCountEqual(['foo', 'bar', 'baz'], ['bar', 'baz', 'foo'])
        self.assertCountEqual([a, a, 2, 2, 3], (a, 2, 3, a, 2))
        self.assertCountEqual([1, "2", "a", "a"], ["a", "2", True, "a"])
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertCountEqual,
                          [1, 2] + [3] * 100, [1] * 100 + [2, 3])
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertCountEqual,
                          [1, "2", "a", "a"], ["a", "2", True, 1])
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertCountEqual,
                          [10], [10, 11])
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertCountEqual,
                          [10, 11], [10])
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertCountEqual,
                          [10, 11, 10], [10, 11])

        # Test that sequences of unhashable objects can be tested for sameness:
        self.assertCountEqual([[1, 2], [3, 4], 0], [False, [3, 4], [1, 2]])
        # Test that iterator of unhashable objects can be tested for sameness:
        self.assertCountEqual(iter([1, 2, [], 3, 4]),
                              iter([1, 2, [], 3, 4]))

        # hashable types, but not orderable
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertCountEqual,
                          [], [divmod, 'x', 1, 5j, 2j, frozenset()])
        # comparing dicts
        self.assertCountEqual([{'a': 1}, {'b': 2}], [{'b': 2}, {'a': 1}])
        # comparing heterogeneous non-hashable sequences
        self.assertCountEqual([1, 'x', divmod, []], [divmod, [], 'x', 1])
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertCountEqual,
                          [], [divmod, [], 'x', 1, 5j, 2j, set()])
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertCountEqual,
                          [[1]], [[2]])

        # Same elements, but not same sequence length
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertCountEqual,
                          [1, 1, 2], [2, 1])
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertCountEqual,
                          [1, 1, "2", "a", "a"], ["2", "2", True, "a"])
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertCountEqual,
                          [1, {'b': 2}, None, True], [{'b': 2}, True, None])

        # Same elements which don't reliably compare, in
        # different order, see issue 10242
        a = [{2,4}, {1,2}]
        b = a[::-1]
        self.assertCountEqual(a, b)

        # test utility functions supporting assertCountEqual()

        diffs = set(unittest.util._count_diff_all_purpose('aaabccd', 'abbbcce'))
        expected = {(3,1,'a'), (1,3,'b'), (1,0,'d'), (0,1,'e')}
        self.assertEqual(diffs, expected)

        diffs = unittest.util._count_diff_all_purpose([[]], [])
        self.assertEqual(diffs, [(1, 0, [])])

        diffs = set(unittest.util._count_diff_hashable('aaabccd', 'abbbcce'))
        expected = {(3,1,'a'), (1,3,'b'), (1,0,'d'), (0,1,'e')}
        self.assertEqual(diffs, expected)

    def testAssertSetEqual(self):
        set1 = set()
        set2 = set()
        self.assertSetEqual(set1, set2)

        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertSetEqual, None, set2)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertSetEqual, [], set2)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertSetEqual, set1, None)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertSetEqual, set1, [])

        set1 = set(['a'])
        set2 = set()
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertSetEqual, set1, set2)

        set1 = set(['a'])
        set2 = set(['a'])
        self.assertSetEqual(set1, set2)

        set1 = set(['a'])
        set2 = set(['a', 'b'])
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertSetEqual, set1, set2)

        set1 = set(['a'])
        set2 = frozenset(['a', 'b'])
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertSetEqual, set1, set2)

        set1 = set(['a', 'b'])
        set2 = frozenset(['a', 'b'])
        self.assertSetEqual(set1, set2)

        set1 = set()
        set2 = "foo"
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertSetEqual, set1, set2)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertSetEqual, set2, set1)

        # make sure any string formatting is tuple-safe
        set1 = set([(0, 1), (2, 3)])
        set2 = set([(4, 5)])
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertSetEqual, set1, set2)

    def testInequality(self):
        # Try ints
        self.assertGreater(2, 1)
        self.assertGreaterEqual(2, 1)
        self.assertGreaterEqual(1, 1)
        self.assertLess(1, 2)
        self.assertLessEqual(1, 2)
        self.assertLessEqual(1, 1)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertGreater, 1, 2)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertGreater, 1, 1)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertGreaterEqual, 1, 2)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertLess, 2, 1)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertLess, 1, 1)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertLessEqual, 2, 1)

        # Try Floats
        self.assertGreater(1.1, 1.0)
        self.assertGreaterEqual(1.1, 1.0)
        self.assertGreaterEqual(1.0, 1.0)
        self.assertLess(1.0, 1.1)
        self.assertLessEqual(1.0, 1.1)
        self.assertLessEqual(1.0, 1.0)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertGreater, 1.0, 1.1)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertGreater, 1.0, 1.0)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertGreaterEqual, 1.0, 1.1)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertLess, 1.1, 1.0)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertLess, 1.0, 1.0)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertLessEqual, 1.1, 1.0)

        # Try Strings
        self.assertGreater('bug', 'ant')
        self.assertGreaterEqual('bug', 'ant')
        self.assertGreaterEqual('ant', 'ant')
        self.assertLess('ant', 'bug')
        self.assertLessEqual('ant', 'bug')
        self.assertLessEqual('ant', 'ant')
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertGreater, 'ant', 'bug')
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertGreater, 'ant', 'ant')
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertGreaterEqual, 'ant', 'bug')
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertLess, 'bug', 'ant')
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertLess, 'ant', 'ant')
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertLessEqual, 'bug', 'ant')

        # Try bytes
        self.assertGreater(b'bug', b'ant')
        self.assertGreaterEqual(b'bug', b'ant')
        self.assertGreaterEqual(b'ant', b'ant')
        self.assertLess(b'ant', b'bug')
        self.assertLessEqual(b'ant', b'bug')
        self.assertLessEqual(b'ant', b'ant')
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertGreater, b'ant', b'bug')
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertGreater, b'ant', b'ant')
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertGreaterEqual, b'ant',
                          b'bug')
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertLess, b'bug', b'ant')
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertLess, b'ant', b'ant')
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertLessEqual, b'bug', b'ant')

    def testAssertMultiLineEqual(self):
        sample_text = """\
http://www.python.org/doc/2.3/lib/module-unittest.html
test case
    A test case is the smallest unit of testing. [...]
"""
        revised_sample_text = """\
http://www.python.org/doc/2.4.1/lib/module-unittest.html
test case
    A test case is the smallest unit of testing. [...] You may provide your
    own implementation that does not subclass from TestCase, of course.
"""
        sample_text_error = """\
- http://www.python.org/doc/2.3/lib/module-unittest.html
?                             ^
+ http://www.python.org/doc/2.4.1/lib/module-unittest.html
?                             ^^^
  test case
-     A test case is the smallest unit of testing. [...]
+     A test case is the smallest unit of testing. [...] You may provide your
?                                                       +++++++++++++++++++++
+     own implementation that does not subclass from TestCase, of course.
"""
        self.maxDiff = None
        try:
            self.assertMultiLineEqual(sample_text, revised_sample_text)
        except self.failureException as e:
            # need to remove the first line of the error message
            error = str(e).split('\n', 1)[1]
            self.assertEqual(sample_text_error, error)

    def testAssertEqualSingleLine(self):
        sample_text = "laden swallows fly slowly"
        revised_sample_text = "unladen swallows fly quickly"
        sample_text_error = """\
- laden swallows fly slowly
?                    ^^^^
+ unladen swallows fly quickly
? ++                   ^^^^^
"""
        try:
            self.assertEqual(sample_text, revised_sample_text)
        except self.failureException as e:
            # need to remove the first line of the error message
            error = str(e).split('\n', 1)[1]
            self.assertEqual(sample_text_error, error)

    def testEqualityBytesWarning(self):
        if sys.flags.bytes_warning:
            def bytes_warning():
                return self.assertWarnsRegex(BytesWarning,
                            'Comparison between bytes and string')
        else:
            def bytes_warning():
                return contextlib.ExitStack()

        with bytes_warning(), self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertEqual('a', b'a')
        with bytes_warning():
            self.assertNotEqual('a', b'a')

        a = [0, 'a']
        b = [0, b'a']
        with bytes_warning(), self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertListEqual(a, b)
        with bytes_warning(), self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertTupleEqual(tuple(a), tuple(b))
        with bytes_warning(), self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertSequenceEqual(a, tuple(b))
        with bytes_warning(), self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertSequenceEqual(tuple(a), b)
        with bytes_warning(), self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertSequenceEqual('a', b'a')
        with bytes_warning(), self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertSetEqual(set(a), set(b))

        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertListEqual(a, tuple(b))
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertTupleEqual(tuple(a), b)

        a = [0, b'a']
        b = [0]
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertListEqual(a, b)
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertTupleEqual(tuple(a), tuple(b))
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertSequenceEqual(a, tuple(b))
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertSequenceEqual(tuple(a), b)
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertSetEqual(set(a), set(b))

        a = [0]
        b = [0, b'a']
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertListEqual(a, b)
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertTupleEqual(tuple(a), tuple(b))
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertSequenceEqual(a, tuple(b))
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertSequenceEqual(tuple(a), b)
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertSetEqual(set(a), set(b))

        with bytes_warning(), self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertDictEqual({'a': 0}, {b'a': 0})
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertDictEqual({}, {b'a': 0})
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertDictEqual({b'a': 0}, {})

        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertCountEqual([b'a', b'a'], [b'a', b'a', b'a'])
        with bytes_warning():
            self.assertCountEqual(['a', b'a'], ['a', b'a'])
        with bytes_warning(), self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertCountEqual(['a', 'a'], [b'a', b'a'])
        with bytes_warning(), self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertCountEqual(['a', 'a', []], [b'a', b'a', []])

    def testAssertIsNone(self):
        self.assertIsNone(None)
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertIsNone, False)
        self.assertIsNotNone('DjZoPloGears on Rails')
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertIsNotNone, None)

    def testAssertRegex(self):
        self.assertRegex('asdfabasdf', r'ab+')
        self.assertRaises(self.failureException, self.assertRegex,
                          'saaas', r'aaaa')

    def testAssertRaisesCallable(self):
        class ExceptionMock(Exception):
            pass
        def Stub():
            raise ExceptionMock('We expect')
        self.assertRaises(ExceptionMock, Stub)
        # A tuple of exception classes is accepted
        self.assertRaises((ValueError, ExceptionMock), Stub)
        # *args and **kwargs also work
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '19', base=8)
        # Failure when no exception is raised
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertRaises(ExceptionMock, lambda: 0)
        # Failure when the function is None
        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
            self.assertRaises(ExceptionMock, None)
        # Failure when another exception is raised
        with self.assertRaises(ExceptionMock):
            self.assertRaises(ValueError, Stub)

    def testAssertRaisesContext(self):
        class ExceptionMock(Exception):
            pass
        def Stub():
            raise ExceptionMock('We expect')
        with self.assertRaises(ExceptionMock):
            Stub()
        # A tuple of exception classes is accepted
        with self.assertRaises((ValueError, ExceptionMock)) as cm:
            Stub()
        # The context manager exposes caught exception
        self.assertIsInstance(cm.exception, ExceptionMock)
        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.args[0], 'We expect')
        # *args and **kwargs also work
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            int('19', base=8)
        # Failure when no exception is raised
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            with self.assertRaises(ExceptionMock):
                pass
        # Custom message
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(self.failureException, 'foobar'):
            with self.assertRaises(ExceptionMock, msg='foobar'):
                pass
        # Invalid keyword argument
        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, 'foobar'), \
             self.assertRaises(AssertionError):
            with self.assertRaises(ExceptionMock, foobar=42):
                pass
        # Failure when another exception is raised
        with self.assertRaises(ExceptionMock):
            self.assertRaises(ValueError, Stub)

    def testAssertRaisesNoExceptionType(self):
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertRaises()
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertRaises(1)
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertRaises(object)
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertRaises((ValueError, 1))
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertRaises((ValueError, object))

    def testAssertRaisesRefcount(self):
        # bpo-23890: assertRaises() must not keep objects alive longer
        # than expected
        def func() :
            try:
                raise ValueError
            except ValueError:
                raise ValueError

        refcount = sys.getrefcount(func)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, func)
        self.assertEqual(refcount, sys.getrefcount(func))

    def testAssertRaisesRegex(self):
        class ExceptionMock(Exception):
            pass

        def Stub():
            raise ExceptionMock('We expect')

        self.assertRaisesRegex(ExceptionMock, re.compile('expect$'), Stub)
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ExceptionMock, 'expect$', Stub)
        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
            self.assertRaisesRegex(ExceptionMock, 'expect$', None)

    def testAssertNotRaisesRegex(self):
        self.assertRaisesRegex(
                self.failureException, '^Exception not raised by <lambda>$',
                self.assertRaisesRegex, Exception, re.compile('x'),
                lambda: None)
        self.assertRaisesRegex(
                self.failureException, '^Exception not raised by <lambda>$',
                self.assertRaisesRegex, Exception, 'x',
                lambda: None)
        # Custom message
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(self.failureException, 'foobar'):
            with self.assertRaisesRegex(Exception, 'expect', msg='foobar'):
                pass
        # Invalid keyword argument
        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, 'foobar'), \
             self.assertRaises(AssertionError):
            with self.assertRaisesRegex(Exception, 'expect', foobar=42):
                pass

    def testAssertRaisesRegexInvalidRegex(self):
        # Issue 20145.
        class MyExc(Exception):
            pass
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.assertRaisesRegex, MyExc, lambda: True)

    def testAssertWarnsRegexInvalidRegex(self):
        # Issue 20145.
        class MyWarn(Warning):
            pass
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.assertWarnsRegex, MyWarn, lambda: True)

    def testAssertRaisesRegexMismatch(self):
        def Stub():
            raise Exception('Unexpected')

        self.assertRaisesRegex(
                self.failureException,
                r'"\^Expected\$" does not match "Unexpected"',
                self.assertRaisesRegex, Exception, '^Expected$',
                Stub)
        self.assertRaisesRegex(
                self.failureException,
                r'"\^Expected\$" does not match "Unexpected"',
                self.assertRaisesRegex, Exception,
                re.compile('^Expected$'), Stub)

    def testAssertRaisesExcValue(self):
        class ExceptionMock(Exception):
            pass

        def Stub(foo):
            raise ExceptionMock(foo)
        v = "particular value"

        ctx = self.assertRaises(ExceptionMock)
        with ctx:
            Stub(v)
        e = ctx.exception
        self.assertIsInstance(e, ExceptionMock)
        self.assertEqual(e.args[0], v)

    def testAssertRaisesRegexNoExceptionType(self):
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertRaisesRegex()
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError)
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertRaisesRegex(1, 'expect')
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertRaisesRegex(object, 'expect')
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertRaisesRegex((ValueError, 1), 'expect')
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertRaisesRegex((ValueError, object), 'expect')

    def testAssertWarnsCallable(self):
        def _runtime_warn():
            warnings.warn("foo", RuntimeWarning)
        # Success when the right warning is triggered, even several times
        self.assertWarns(RuntimeWarning, _runtime_warn)
        self.assertWarns(RuntimeWarning, _runtime_warn)
        # A tuple of warning classes is accepted
        self.assertWarns((DeprecationWarning, RuntimeWarning), _runtime_warn)
        # *args and **kwargs also work
        self.assertWarns(RuntimeWarning,
                         warnings.warn, "foo", category=RuntimeWarning)
        # Failure when no warning is triggered
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertWarns(RuntimeWarning, lambda: 0)
        # Failure when the function is None
        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
            self.assertWarns(RuntimeWarning, None)
        # Failure when another warning is triggered
        with warnings.catch_warnings():
            # Force default filter (in case tests are run with -We)
            warnings.simplefilter("default", RuntimeWarning)
            with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
                self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning, _runtime_warn)
        # Filters for other warnings are not modified
        with warnings.catch_warnings():
            warnings.simplefilter("error", RuntimeWarning)
            with self.assertRaises(RuntimeWarning):
                self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning, _runtime_warn)

    def testAssertWarnsContext(self):
        # Believe it or not, it is preferable to duplicate all tests above,
        # to make sure the __warningregistry__ $@ is circumvented correctly.
        def _runtime_warn():
            warnings.warn("foo", RuntimeWarning)
        _runtime_warn_lineno = inspect.getsourcelines(_runtime_warn)[1]
        with self.assertWarns(RuntimeWarning) as cm:
            _runtime_warn()
        # A tuple of warning classes is accepted
        with self.assertWarns((DeprecationWarning, RuntimeWarning)) as cm:
            _runtime_warn()
        # The context manager exposes various useful attributes
        self.assertIsInstance(cm.warning, RuntimeWarning)
        self.assertEqual(cm.warning.args[0], "foo")
        self.assertIn("test_case.py", cm.filename)
        self.assertEqual(cm.lineno, _runtime_warn_lineno + 1)
        # Same with several warnings
        with self.assertWarns(RuntimeWarning):
            _runtime_warn()
            _runtime_warn()
        with self.assertWarns(RuntimeWarning):
            warnings.warn("foo", category=RuntimeWarning)
        # Failure when no warning is triggered
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            with self.assertWarns(RuntimeWarning):
                pass
        # Custom message
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(self.failureException, 'foobar'):
            with self.assertWarns(RuntimeWarning, msg='foobar'):
                pass
        # Invalid keyword argument
        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, 'foobar'), \
             self.assertRaises(AssertionError):
            with self.assertWarns(RuntimeWarning, foobar=42):
                pass
        # Failure when another warning is triggered
        with warnings.catch_warnings():
            # Force default filter (in case tests are run with -We)
            warnings.simplefilter("default", RuntimeWarning)
            with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
                with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
                    _runtime_warn()
        # Filters for other warnings are not modified
        with warnings.catch_warnings():
            warnings.simplefilter("error", RuntimeWarning)
            with self.assertRaises(RuntimeWarning):
                with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
                    _runtime_warn()

    def testAssertWarnsNoExceptionType(self):
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertWarns()
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertWarns(1)
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertWarns(object)
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertWarns((UserWarning, 1))
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertWarns((UserWarning, object))
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertWarns((UserWarning, Exception))

    def testAssertWarnsRegexCallable(self):
        def _runtime_warn(msg):
            warnings.warn(msg, RuntimeWarning)
        self.assertWarnsRegex(RuntimeWarning, "o+",
                              _runtime_warn, "foox")
        # Failure when no warning is triggered
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertWarnsRegex(RuntimeWarning, "o+",
                                  lambda: 0)
        # Failure when the function is None
        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
            self.assertWarnsRegex(RuntimeWarning, "o+", None)
        # Failure when another warning is triggered
        with warnings.catch_warnings():
            # Force default filter (in case tests are run with -We)
            warnings.simplefilter("default", RuntimeWarning)
            with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
                self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, "o+",
                                      _runtime_warn, "foox")
        # Failure when message doesn't match
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            self.assertWarnsRegex(RuntimeWarning, "o+",
                                  _runtime_warn, "barz")
        # A little trickier: we ask RuntimeWarnings to be raised, and then
        # check for some of them.  It is implementation-defined whether
        # non-matching RuntimeWarnings are simply re-raised, or produce a
        # failureException.
        with warnings.catch_warnings():
            warnings.simplefilter("error", RuntimeWarning)
            with self.assertRaises((RuntimeWarning, self.failureException)):
                self.assertWarnsRegex(RuntimeWarning, "o+",
                                      _runtime_warn, "barz")

    def testAssertWarnsRegexContext(self):
        # Same as above, but with assertWarnsRegex as a context manager
        def _runtime_warn(msg):
            warnings.warn(msg, RuntimeWarning)
        _runtime_warn_lineno = inspect.getsourcelines(_runtime_warn)[1]
        with self.assertWarnsRegex(RuntimeWarning, "o+") as cm:
            _runtime_warn("foox")
        self.assertIsInstance(cm.warning, RuntimeWarning)
        self.assertEqual(cm.warning.args[0], "foox")
        self.assertIn("test_case.py", cm.filename)
        self.assertEqual(cm.lineno, _runtime_warn_lineno + 1)
        # Failure when no warning is triggered
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            with self.assertWarnsRegex(RuntimeWarning, "o+"):
                pass
        # Custom message
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(self.failureException, 'foobar'):
            with self.assertWarnsRegex(RuntimeWarning, 'o+', msg='foobar'):
                pass
        # Invalid keyword argument
        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, 'foobar'), \
             self.assertRaises(AssertionError):
            with self.assertWarnsRegex(RuntimeWarning, 'o+', foobar=42):
                pass
        # Failure when another warning is triggered
        with warnings.catch_warnings():
            # Force default filter (in case tests are run with -We)
            warnings.simplefilter("default", RuntimeWarning)
            with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
                with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, "o+"):
                    _runtime_warn("foox")
        # Failure when message doesn't match
        with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
            with self.assertWarnsRegex(RuntimeWarning, "o+"):
                _runtime_warn("barz")
        # A little trickier: we ask RuntimeWarnings to be raised, and then
        # check for some of them.  It is implementation-defined whether
        # non-matching RuntimeWarnings are simply re-raised, or produce a
        # failureException.
        with warnings.catch_warnings():
            warnings.simplefilter("error", RuntimeWarning)
            with self.assertRaises((RuntimeWarning, self.failureException)):
                with self.assertWarnsRegex(RuntimeWarning, "o+"):
                    _runtime_warn("barz")

    def testAssertWarnsRegexNoExceptionType(self):
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertWarnsRegex()
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertWarnsRegex(UserWarning)
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertWarnsRegex(1, 'expect')
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertWarnsRegex(object, 'expect')
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertWarnsRegex((UserWarning, 1), 'expect')
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertWarnsRegex((UserWarning, object), 'expect')
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertWarnsRegex((UserWarning, Exception), 'expect')

    @contextlib.contextmanager
    def assertNoStderr(self):
        with captured_stderr() as buf:
            yield
        self.assertEqual(buf.getvalue(), "")

    def assertLogRecords(self, records, matches):
        self.assertEqual(len(records), len(matches))
        for rec, match in zip(records, matches):
            self.assertIsInstance(rec, logging.LogRecord)
            for k, v in match.items():
                self.assertEqual(getattr(rec, k), v)

    def testAssertLogsDefaults(self):
        # defaults: root logger, level INFO
        with self.assertNoStderr():
            with self.assertLogs() as cm:
                log_foo.info("1")
                log_foobar.debug("2")
            self.assertEqual(cm.output, ["INFO:foo:1"])
            self.assertLogRecords(cm.records, [{'name': 'foo'}])

    def testAssertLogsTwoMatchingMessages(self):
        # Same, but with two matching log messages
        with self.assertNoStderr():
            with self.assertLogs() as cm:
                log_foo.info("1")
                log_foobar.debug("2")
                log_quux.warning("3")
            self.assertEqual(cm.output, ["INFO:foo:1", "WARNING:quux:3"])
            self.assertLogRecords(cm.records,
                                   [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'quux'}])

    def checkAssertLogsPerLevel(self, level):
        # Check level filtering
        with self.assertNoStderr():
            with self.assertLogs(level=level) as cm:
                log_foo.warning("1")
                log_foobar.error("2")
                log_quux.critical("3")
            self.assertEqual(cm.output, ["ERROR:foo.bar:2", "CRITICAL:quux:3"])
            self.assertLogRecords(cm.records,
                                   [{'name': 'foo.bar'}, {'name': 'quux'}])

    def testAssertLogsPerLevel(self):
        self.checkAssertLogsPerLevel(logging.ERROR)
        self.checkAssertLogsPerLevel('ERROR')

    def checkAssertLogsPerLogger(self, logger):
        # Check per-logger filtering
        with self.assertNoStderr():
            with self.assertLogs(level='DEBUG') as outer_cm:
                with self.assertLogs(logger, level='DEBUG') as cm:
                    log_foo.info("1")
                    log_foobar.debug("2")
                    log_quux.warning("3")
                self.assertEqual(cm.output, ["INFO:foo:1", "DEBUG:foo.bar:2"])
                self.assertLogRecords(cm.records,
                                       [{'name': 'foo'}, {'name': 'foo.bar'}])
            # The outer catchall caught the quux log
            self.assertEqual(outer_cm.output, ["WARNING:quux:3"])

    def testAssertLogsPerLogger(self):
        self.checkAssertLogsPerLogger(logging.getLogger('foo'))
        self.checkAssertLogsPerLogger('foo')

    def testAssertLogsFailureNoLogs(self):
        # Failure due to no logs
        with self.assertNoStderr():
            with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
                with self.assertLogs():
                    pass

    def testAssertLogsFailureLevelTooHigh(self):
        # Failure due to level too high
        with self.assertNoStderr():
            with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
                with self.assertLogs(level='WARNING'):
                    log_foo.info("1")

    def testAssertLogsFailureMismatchingLogger(self):
        # Failure due to mismatching logger (and the logged message is
        # passed through)
        with self.assertLogs('quux', level='ERROR'):
            with self.assertRaises(self.failureException):
                with self.assertLogs('foo'):
                    log_quux.error("1")

    def testDeprecatedMethodNames(self):
        """
        Test that the deprecated methods raise a DeprecationWarning. See #9424.
        """
        old = (
            (self.failIfEqual, (3, 5)),
            (self.assertNotEquals, (3, 5)),
            (self.failUnlessEqual, (3, 3)),
            (self.assertEquals, (3, 3)),
            (self.failUnlessAlmostEqual, (2.0, 2.0)),
            (self.assertAlmostEquals, (2.0, 2.0)),
            (self.failIfAlmostEqual, (3.0, 5.0)),
            (self.assertNotAlmostEquals, (3.0, 5.0)),
            (self.failUnless, (True,)),
            (self.assert_, (True,)),
            (self.failUnlessRaises, (TypeError, lambda _: 3.14 + 'spam')),
            (self.failIf, (False,)),
            (self.assertDictContainsSubset, (dict(a=1, b=2), dict(a=1, b=2, c=3))),
            (self.assertRaisesRegexp, (KeyError, 'foo', lambda: {}['foo'])),
            (self.assertRegexpMatches, ('bar', 'bar')),
        )
        for meth, args in old:
            with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
                meth(*args)

    # disable this test for now. When the version where the fail* methods will
    # be removed is decided, re-enable it and update the version
    def _testDeprecatedFailMethods(self):
        """Test that the deprecated fail* methods get removed in 3.x"""
        if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 3):
            return
        deprecated_names = [
            'failIfEqual', 'failUnlessEqual', 'failUnlessAlmostEqual',
            'failIfAlmostEqual', 'failUnless', 'failUnlessRaises', 'failIf',
            'assertDictContainsSubset',
        ]
        for deprecated_name in deprecated_names:
            with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
                getattr(self, deprecated_name)  # remove these in 3.x

    def testDeepcopy(self):
        # Issue: 5660
        class TestableTest(unittest.TestCase):
            def testNothing(self):
                pass

        test = TestableTest('testNothing')

        # This shouldn't blow up
        deepcopy(test)

    def testPickle(self):
        # Issue 10326

        # Can't use TestCase classes defined in Test class as
        # pickle does not work with inner classes
        test = unittest.TestCase('run')
        for protocol in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):

            # blew up prior to fix
            pickled_test = pickle.dumps(test, protocol=protocol)
            unpickled_test = pickle.loads(pickled_test)
            self.assertEqual(test, unpickled_test)

            # exercise the TestCase instance in a way that will invoke
            # the type equality lookup mechanism
            unpickled_test.assertEqual(set(), set())

    def testKeyboardInterrupt(self):
        def _raise(self=None):
            raise KeyboardInterrupt
        def nothing(self):
            pass

        class Test1(unittest.TestCase):
            test_something = _raise

        class Test2(unittest.TestCase):
            setUp = _raise
            test_something = nothing

        class Test3(unittest.TestCase):
            test_something = nothing
            tearDown = _raise

        class Test4(unittest.TestCase):
            def test_something(self):
                self.addCleanup(_raise)

        for klass in (Test1, Test2, Test3, Test4):
            with self.assertRaises(KeyboardInterrupt):
                klass('test_something').run()

    def testSkippingEverywhere(self):
        def _skip(self=None):
            raise unittest.SkipTest('some reason')
        def nothing(self):
            pass

        class Test1(unittest.TestCase):
            test_something = _skip

        class Test2(unittest.TestCase):
            setUp = _skip
            test_something = nothing

        class Test3(unittest.TestCase):
            test_something = nothing
            tearDown = _skip

        class Test4(unittest.TestCase):
            def test_something(self):
                self.addCleanup(_skip)

        for klass in (Test1, Test2, Test3, Test4):
            result = unittest.TestResult()
            klass('test_something').run(result)
            self.assertEqual(len(result.skipped), 1)
            self.assertEqual(result.testsRun, 1)

    def testSystemExit(self):
        def _raise(self=None):
            raise SystemExit
        def nothing(self):
            pass

        class Test1(unittest.TestCase):
            test_something = _raise

        class Test2(unittest.TestCase):
            setUp = _raise
            test_something = nothing

        class Test3(unittest.TestCase):
            test_something = nothing
            tearDown = _raise

        class Test4(unittest.TestCase):
            def test_something(self):
                self.addCleanup(_raise)

        for klass in (Test1, Test2, Test3, Test4):
            result = unittest.TestResult()
            klass('test_something').run(result)
            self.assertEqual(len(result.errors), 1)
            self.assertEqual(result.testsRun, 1)

    @support.cpython_only
    def testNoCycles(self):
        case = unittest.TestCase()
        wr = weakref.ref(case)
        with support.disable_gc():
            del case
            self.assertFalse(wr())

    def test_no_exception_leak(self):
        # Issue #19880: TestCase.run() should not keep a reference
        # to the exception
        class MyException(Exception):
            ninstance = 0

            def __init__(self):
                MyException.ninstance += 1
                Exception.__init__(self)

            def __del__(self):
                MyException.ninstance -= 1

        class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
            def test1(self):
                raise MyException()

            @unittest.expectedFailure
            def test2(self):
                raise MyException()

        for method_name in ('test1', 'test2'):
            testcase = TestCase(method_name)
            testcase.run()
            self.assertEqual(MyException.ninstance, 0)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()
generated by cgit v0.12 at 2025-12-02 15:05:45 (GMT)