path: root/Python/errors.c

/* Error handling */

#include "Python.h"

#ifndef __STDC__
#ifndef MS_WINDOWS
extern char *strerror(int);
#endif
#endif

#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
#include <windows.h>
#include <winbase.h>
#endif

#include <ctype.h>

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

_Py_IDENTIFIER(builtins);
_Py_IDENTIFIER(stderr);


void
PyErr_Restore(PyObject *type, PyObject *value, PyObject *traceback)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
    PyObject *oldtype, *oldvalue, *oldtraceback;

    if (traceback != NULL && !PyTraceBack_Check(traceback)) {
        /* XXX Should never happen -- fatal error instead? */
        /* Well, it could be None. */
        Py_DECREF(traceback);
        traceback = NULL;
    }

    /* Save these in locals to safeguard against recursive
       invocation through Py_XDECREF */
    oldtype = tstate->curexc_type;
    oldvalue = tstate->curexc_value;
    oldtraceback = tstate->curexc_traceback;

    tstate->curexc_type = type;
    tstate->curexc_value = value;
    tstate->curexc_traceback = traceback;

    Py_XDECREF(oldtype);
    Py_XDECREF(oldvalue);
    Py_XDECREF(oldtraceback);
}

void
PyErr_SetObject(PyObject *exception, PyObject *value)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
    PyObject *exc_value;
    PyObject *tb = NULL;

    if (exception != NULL &&
        !PyExceptionClass_Check(exception)) {
        PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
                     "exception %R not a BaseException subclass",
                     exception);
        return;
    }
    Py_XINCREF(value);
    exc_value = tstate->exc_value;
    if (exc_value != NULL && exc_value != Py_None) {
        /* Implicit exception chaining */
        Py_INCREF(exc_value);
        if (value == NULL || !PyExceptionInstance_Check(value)) {
            /* We must normalize the value right now */
            PyObject *args, *fixed_value;
#ifdef Py_DEBUG
            /* in debug mode, PyEval_EvalFrameEx() fails with an assertion
               error if an exception is set when it is called */
            PyErr_Clear();
#endif
            if (value == NULL || value == Py_None)
                args = PyTuple_New(0);
            else if (PyTuple_Check(value)) {
                Py_INCREF(value);
                args = value;
            }
            else
                args = PyTuple_Pack(1, value);
            fixed_value = args ?
                PyEval_CallObject(exception, args) : NULL;
            Py_XDECREF(args);
            Py_XDECREF(value);
            if (fixed_value == NULL)
                return;
            value = fixed_value;
        }
        /* Avoid reference cycles through the context chain.
           This is O(chain length) but context chains are
           usually very short. Sensitive readers may try
           to inline the call to PyException_GetContext. */
        if (exc_value != value) {
            PyObject *o = exc_value, *context;
            while ((context = PyException_GetContext(o))) {
                Py_DECREF(context);
                if (context == value) {
                    PyException_SetContext(o, NULL);
                    break;
                }
                o = context;
            }
            PyException_SetContext(value, exc_value);
        } else {
            Py_DECREF(exc_value);
        }
    }
    if (value != NULL && PyExceptionInstance_Check(value))
        tb = PyException_GetTraceback(value);
    Py_XINCREF(exception);
    PyErr_Restore(exception, value, tb);
}

/* Set a key error with the specified argument, wrapping it in a
 * tuple automatically so that tuple keys are not unpacked as the
 * exception arguments. */
void
_PyErr_SetKeyError(PyObject *arg)
{
    PyObject *tup;
    tup = PyTuple_Pack(1, arg);
    if (!tup)
        return; /* caller will expect error to be set anyway */
    PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_KeyError, tup);
    Py_DECREF(tup);
}

void
PyErr_SetNone(PyObject *exception)
{
    PyErr_SetObject(exception, (PyObject *)NULL);
}

void
PyErr_SetString(PyObject *exception, const char *string)
{
    PyObject *value = PyUnicode_FromString(string);
    PyErr_SetObject(exception, value);
    Py_XDECREF(value);
}


PyObject *
PyErr_Occurred(void)
{
    /* If there is no thread state, PyThreadState_GET calls
       Py_FatalError, which calls PyErr_Occurred.  To avoid the
       resulting infinite loop, we inline PyThreadState_GET here and
       treat no thread as no error. */
    PyThreadState *tstate =
        ((PyThreadState*)_Py_atomic_load_relaxed(&_PyThreadState_Current));

    return tstate == NULL ? NULL : tstate->curexc_type;
}


int
PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(PyObject *err, PyObject *exc)
{
    if (err == NULL || exc == NULL) {
        /* maybe caused by "import exceptions" that failed early on */
        return 0;
    }
    if (PyTuple_Check(exc)) {
        Py_ssize_t i, n;
        n = PyTuple_Size(exc);
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            /* Test recursively */
             if (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(
                 err, PyTuple_GET_ITEM(exc, i)))
             {
                 return 1;
             }
        }
        return 0;
    }
    /* err might be an instance, so check its class. */
    if (PyExceptionInstance_Check(err))
        err = PyExceptionInstance_Class(err);

    if (PyExceptionClass_Check(err) && PyExceptionClass_Check(exc)) {
        int res = 0;
        PyObject *exception, *value, *tb;
        PyErr_Fetch(&exception, &value, &tb);
        /* PyObject_IsSubclass() can recurse and therefore is
           not safe (see test_bad_getattr in test.pickletester). */
        res = PyType_IsSubtype((PyTypeObject *)err, (PyTypeObject *)exc);
        /* This function must not fail, so print the error here */
        if (res == -1) {
            PyErr_WriteUnraisable(err);
            res = 0;
        }
        PyErr_Restore(exception, value, tb);
        return res;
    }

    return err == exc;
}


int
PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyObject *exc)
{
    return PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(PyErr_Occurred(), exc);
}


/* Used in many places to normalize a raised exception, including in
   eval_code2(), do_raise(), and PyErr_Print()

   XXX: should PyErr_NormalizeException() also call
            PyException_SetTraceback() with the resulting value and tb?
*/
void
PyErr_NormalizeException(PyObject **exc, PyObject **val, PyObject **tb)
{
    PyObject *type = *exc;
    PyObject *value = *val;
    PyObject *inclass = NULL;
    PyObject *initial_tb = NULL;
    PyThreadState *tstate = NULL;

    if (type == NULL) {
        /* There was no exception, so nothing to do. */
        return;
    }

    /* If PyErr_SetNone() was used, the value will have been actually
       set to NULL.
    */
    if (!value) {
        value = Py_None;
        Py_INCREF(value);
    }

    if (PyExceptionInstance_Check(value))
        inclass = PyExceptionInstance_Class(value);

    /* Normalize the exception so that if the type is a class, the
       value will be an instance.
    */
    if (PyExceptionClass_Check(type)) {
        int is_subclass;
        if (inclass) {
            is_subclass = PyObject_IsSubclass(inclass, type);
            if (is_subclass < 0)
                goto finally;
        }
        else
            is_subclass = 0;

        /* if the value was not an instance, or is not an instance
           whose class is (or is derived from) type, then use the
           value as an argument to instantiation of the type
           class.
        */
        if (!inclass || !is_subclass) {
            PyObject *args, *res;

            if (value == Py_None)
                args = PyTuple_New(0);
            else if (PyTuple_Check(value)) {
                Py_INCREF(value);
                args = value;
            }
            else
                args = PyTuple_Pack(1, value);

            if (args == NULL)
                goto finally;
            res = PyEval_CallObject(type, args);
            Py_DECREF(args);
            if (res == NULL)
                goto finally;
            Py_DECREF(value);
            value = res;
        }
        /* if the class of the instance doesn't exactly match the
           class of the type, believe the instance
        */
        else if (inclass != type) {
            Py_DECREF(type);
            type = inclass;
            Py_INCREF(type);
        }
    }
    *exc = type;
    *val = value;
    return;
finally:
    Py_DECREF(type);
    Py_DECREF(value);
    /* If the new exception doesn't set a traceback and the old
       exception had a traceback, use the old traceback for the
       new exception.  It's better than nothing.
    */
    initial_tb = *tb;
    PyErr_Fetch(exc, val, tb);
    if (initial_tb != NULL) {
        if (*tb == NULL)
            *tb = initial_tb;
        else
            Py_DECREF(initial_tb);
    }
    /* normalize recursively */
    tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
    if (++tstate->recursion_depth > Py_GetRecursionLimit()) {
        --tstate->recursion_depth;
        /* throw away the old exception... */
        Py_DECREF(*exc);
        Py_DECREF(*val);
        /* ... and use the recursion error instead */
        *exc = PyExc_RuntimeError;
        *val = PyExc_RecursionErrorInst;
        Py_INCREF(*exc);
        Py_INCREF(*val);
        /* just keeping the old traceback */
        return;
    }
    PyErr_NormalizeException(exc, val, tb);
    --tstate->recursion_depth;
}


void
PyErr_Fetch(PyObject **p_type, PyObject **p_value, PyObject **p_traceback)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();

    *p_type = tstate->curexc_type;
    *p_value = tstate->curexc_value;
    *p_traceback = tstate->curexc_traceback;

    tstate->curexc_type = NULL;
    tstate->curexc_value = NULL;
    tstate->curexc_traceback = NULL;
}

void
PyErr_Clear(void)
{
    PyErr_Restore(NULL, NULL, NULL);
}

void
PyErr_GetExcInfo(PyObject **p_type, PyObject **p_value, PyObject **p_traceback)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();

    *p_type = tstate->exc_type;
    *p_value = tstate->exc_value;
    *p_traceback = tstate->exc_traceback;

    Py_XINCREF(*p_type);
    Py_XINCREF(*p_value);
    Py_XINCREF(*p_traceback);
}

void
PyErr_SetExcInfo(PyObject *p_type, PyObject *p_value, PyObject *p_traceback)
{
    PyObject *oldtype, *oldvalue, *oldtraceback;
    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();

    oldtype = tstate->exc_type;
    oldvalue = tstate->exc_value;
    oldtraceback = tstate->exc_traceback;

    tstate->exc_type = p_type;
    tstate->exc_value = p_value;
    tstate->exc_traceback = p_traceback;

    Py_XDECREF(oldtype);
    Py_XDECREF(oldvalue);
    Py_XDECREF(oldtraceback);
}

/* Like PyErr_Restore(), but if an exception is already set,
   set the context associated with it.
 */
void
_PyErr_ChainExceptions(PyObject *exc, PyObject *val, PyObject *tb)
{
    if (exc == NULL)
        return;

    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
        PyObject *exc2, *val2, *tb2;
        PyErr_Fetch(&exc2, &val2, &tb2);
        PyErr_NormalizeException(&exc, &val, &tb);
        Py_DECREF(exc);
        Py_XDECREF(tb);
        PyErr_NormalizeException(&exc2, &val2, &tb2);
        PyException_SetContext(val2, val);
        PyErr_Restore(exc2, val2, tb2);
    }
    else {
        PyErr_Restore(exc, val, tb);
    }
}

/* Convenience functions to set a type error exception and return 0 */

int
PyErr_BadArgument(void)
{
    PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                    "bad argument type for built-in operation");
    return 0;
}

PyObject *
PyErr_NoMemory(void)
{
    if (Py_TYPE(PyExc_MemoryError) == NULL) {
        /* PyErr_NoMemory() has been called before PyExc_MemoryError has been
           initialized by _PyExc_Init() */
        Py_FatalError("Out of memory and PyExc_MemoryError is not "
                      "initialized yet");
    }
    PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_MemoryError);
    return NULL;
}

PyObject *
PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject(PyObject *exc, PyObject *filenameObject)
{
    return PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObjects(exc, filenameObject, NULL);
}

PyObject *
PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObjects(PyObject *exc, PyObject *filenameObject, PyObject *filenameObject2)
{
    PyObject *message;
    PyObject *v, *args;
    int i = errno;
#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
    WCHAR *s_buf = NULL;
#endif /* Unix/Windows */

#ifdef EINTR
    if (i == EINTR && PyErr_CheckSignals())
        return NULL;
#endif

#ifndef MS_WINDOWS
    if (i != 0) {
        char *s = strerror(i);
        message = PyUnicode_DecodeLocale(s, "surrogateescape");
    }
    else {
        /* Sometimes errno didn't get set */
        message = PyUnicode_FromString("Error");
    }
#else
    if (i == 0)
        message = PyUnicode_FromString("Error"); /* Sometimes errno didn't get set */
    else
    {
        /* Note that the Win32 errors do not lineup with the
           errno error.  So if the error is in the MSVC error
           table, we use it, otherwise we assume it really _is_
           a Win32 error code
        */
        if (i > 0 && i < _sys_nerr) {
            message = PyUnicode_FromString(_sys_errlist[i]);
        }
        else {
            int len = FormatMessageW(
                FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER |
                FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
                FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
                NULL,                   /* no message source */
                i,
                MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL,
                           SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
                           /* Default language */
                (LPWSTR) &s_buf,
                0,                      /* size not used */
                NULL);                  /* no args */
            if (len==0) {
                /* Only ever seen this in out-of-mem
                   situations */
                s_buf = NULL;
                message = PyUnicode_FromFormat("Windows Error 0x%x", i);
            } else {
                /* remove trailing cr/lf and dots */
                while (len > 0 && (s_buf[len-1] <= L' ' || s_buf[len-1] == L'.'))
                    s_buf[--len] = L'\0';
                message = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(s_buf, len);
            }
        }
    }
#endif /* Unix/Windows */

    if (message == NULL)
    {
#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
        LocalFree(s_buf);
#endif
        return NULL;
    }

    if (filenameObject != NULL) {
        if (filenameObject2 != NULL)
            args = Py_BuildValue("(iOOiO)", i, message, filenameObject, 0, filenameObject2);
        else
            args = Py_BuildValue("(iOO)", i, message, filenameObject);
    } else {
        assert(filenameObject2 == NULL);
        args = Py_BuildValue("(iO)", i, message);
    }
    Py_DECREF(message);

    if (args != NULL) {
        v = PyObject_Call(exc, args, NULL);
        Py_DECREF(args);
        if (v != NULL) {
            PyErr_SetObject((PyObject *) Py_TYPE(v), v);
            Py_DECREF(v);
        }
    }
#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
    LocalFree(s_buf);
#endif
    return NULL;
}

PyObject *
PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename(PyObject *exc, const char *filename)
{
    PyObject *name = filename ? PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(filename) : NULL;
    PyObject *result = PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObjects(exc, name, NULL);
    Py_XDECREF(name);
    return result;
}

#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
PyObject *
PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithUnicodeFilename(PyObject *exc, const Py_UNICODE *filename)
{
    PyObject *name = filename ?
                     PyUnicode_FromUnicode(filename, wcslen(filename)) :
             NULL;
    PyObject *result = PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObjects(exc, name, NULL);
    Py_XDECREF(name);
    return result;
}
#endif /* MS_WINDOWS */

PyObject *
PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyObject *exc)
{
    return PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObjects(exc, NULL, NULL);
}

#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
/* Windows specific error code handling */
PyObject *PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObject(
    PyObject *exc,
    int ierr,
    PyObject *filenameObject)
{
    return PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObjects(exc, ierr,
        filenameObject, NULL);
}

PyObject *PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObjects(
    PyObject *exc,
    int ierr,
    PyObject *filenameObject,
    PyObject *filenameObject2)
{
    int len;
    WCHAR *s_buf = NULL; /* Free via LocalFree */
    PyObject *message;
    PyObject *args, *v;
    DWORD err = (DWORD)ierr;
    if (err==0) err = GetLastError();
    len = FormatMessageW(
        /* Error API error */
        FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER |
        FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
        FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
        NULL,           /* no message source */
        err,
        MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL,
        SUBLANG_DEFAULT), /* Default language */
        (LPWSTR) &s_buf,
        0,              /* size not used */
        NULL);          /* no args */
    if (len==0) {
        /* Only seen this in out of mem situations */
        message = PyUnicode_FromFormat("Windows Error 0x%x", err);
        s_buf = NULL;
    } else {
        /* remove trailing cr/lf and dots */
        while (len > 0 && (s_buf[len-1] <= L' ' || s_buf[len-1] == L'.'))
            s_buf[--len] = L'\0';
        message = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(s_buf, len);
    }

    if (message == NULL)
    {
        LocalFree(s_buf);
        return NULL;
    }

    if (filenameObject == NULL) {
        assert(filenameObject2 == NULL);
        filenameObject = filenameObject2 = Py_None;
    }
    else if (filenameObject2 == NULL)
        filenameObject2 = Py_None;
    /* This is the constructor signature for OSError.
       The POSIX translation will be figured out by the constructor. */
    args = Py_BuildValue("(iOOiO)", 0, message, filenameObject, err, filenameObject2);
    Py_DECREF(message);

    if (args != NULL) {
        v = PyObject_Call(exc, args, NULL);
        Py_DECREF(args);
        if (v != NULL) {
            PyErr_SetObject((PyObject *) Py_TYPE(v), v);
            Py_DECREF(v);
        }
    }
    LocalFree(s_buf);
    return NULL;
}

PyObject *PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilename(
    PyObject *exc,
    int ierr,
    const char *filename)
{
    PyObject *name = filename ? PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(filename) : NULL;
    PyObject *ret = PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObjects(exc,
                                                                 ierr,
                                                                 name,
                                                                 NULL);
    Py_XDECREF(name);
    return ret;
}

PyObject *PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithUnicodeFilename(
    PyObject *exc,
    int ierr,
    const Py_UNICODE *filename)
{
    PyObject *name = filename ?
                     PyUnicode_FromUnicode(filename, wcslen(filename)) :
             NULL;
    PyObject *ret = PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObjects(exc,
                                                                 ierr,
                                                                 name,
                                                                 NULL);
    Py_XDECREF(name);
    return ret;
}

PyObject *PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErr(PyObject *exc, int ierr)
{
    return PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilename(exc, ierr, NULL);
}

PyObject *PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr(int ierr)
{
    return PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilename(PyExc_OSError,
                                                  ierr, NULL);
}

PyObject *PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename(
    int ierr,
    const char *filename)
{
    PyObject *name = filename ? PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(filename) : NULL;
    PyObject *result = PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObjects(
                                                  PyExc_OSError,
                                                  ierr, name, NULL);
    Py_XDECREF(name);
    return result;
}

PyObject *PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithUnicodeFilename(
    int ierr,
    const Py_UNICODE *filename)
{
    PyObject *name = filename ?
                     PyUnicode_FromUnicode(filename, wcslen(filename)) :
             NULL;
    PyObject *result = PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObjects(
                                                  PyExc_OSError,
                                                  ierr, name, NULL);
    Py_XDECREF(name);
    return result;
}
#endif /* MS_WINDOWS */

PyObject *
PyErr_SetImportError(PyObject *msg, PyObject *name, PyObject *path)
{
    PyObject *args, *kwargs, *error;

    if (msg == NULL)
        return NULL;

    args = PyTuple_New(1);
    if (args == NULL)
        return NULL;

    kwargs = PyDict_New();
    if (kwargs == NULL) {
        Py_DECREF(args);
        return NULL;
    }

    if (name == NULL) {
        name = Py_None;
    }

    if (path == NULL) {
        path = Py_None;
    }

    Py_INCREF(msg);ass="hl opt">(result == NULL) {
        PyEval_SetProfile(NULL, NULL);
        return -1;
    }
    Py_DECREF(result);
    return 0;
}

static int
trace_trampoline(PyObject *self, PyFrameObject *frame,
                 int what, PyObject *arg)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = frame->f_tstate;
    PyObject *callback;
    PyObject *result;

    if (what == PyTrace_CALL)
        callback = self;
    else
        callback = frame->f_trace;
    if (callback == NULL)
        return 0;
    result = call_trampoline(tstate, callback, frame, what, arg);
    if (result == NULL) {
        PyEval_SetTrace(NULL, NULL);
        Py_XDECREF(frame->f_trace);
        frame->f_trace = NULL;
        return -1;
    }
    if (result != Py_None) {
        PyObject *temp = frame->f_trace;
        frame->f_trace = NULL;
        Py_XDECREF(temp);
        frame->f_trace = result;
    }
    else {
        Py_DECREF(result);
    }
    return 0;
}

static PyObject *
sys_settrace(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (trace_init() == -1)
        return NULL;
    if (args == Py_None)
        PyEval_SetTrace(NULL, NULL);
    else
        PyEval_SetTrace(trace_trampoline, args);
    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    return Py_None;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(settrace_doc,
"settrace(function)\n\
\n\
Set the global debug tracing function.  It will be called on each\n\
function call.  See the debugger chapter in the library manual."
);

static PyObject *
sys_gettrace(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
    PyObject *temp = tstate->c_traceobj;

    if (temp == NULL)
        temp = Py_None;
    Py_INCREF(temp);
    return temp;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(gettrace_doc,
"gettrace()\n\
\n\
Return the global debug tracing function set with sys.settrace.\n\
See the debugger chapter in the library manual."
);

static PyObject *
sys_setprofile(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (trace_init() == -1)
        return NULL;
    if (args == Py_None)
        PyEval_SetProfile(NULL, NULL);
    else
        PyEval_SetProfile(profile_trampoline, args);
    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    return Py_None;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(setprofile_doc,
"setprofile(function)\n\
\n\
Set the profiling function.  It will be called on each function call\n\
and return.  See the profiler chapter in the library manual."
);

static PyObject *
sys_getprofile(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
    PyObject *temp = tstate->c_profileobj;

    if (temp == NULL)
        temp = Py_None;
    Py_INCREF(temp);
    return temp;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(getprofile_doc,
"getprofile()\n\
\n\
Return the profiling function set with sys.setprofile.\n\
See the profiler chapter in the library manual."
);

static int _check_interval = 100;

static PyObject *
sys_setcheckinterval(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
                     "sys.getcheckinterval() and sys.setcheckinterval() "
                     "are deprecated.  Use sys.setswitchinterval() "
                     "instead.", 1) < 0)
        return NULL;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i:setcheckinterval", &_check_interval))
        return NULL;
    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    return Py_None;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(setcheckinterval_doc,
"setcheckinterval(n)\n\
\n\
Tell the Python interpreter to check for asynchronous events every\n\
n instructions.  This also affects how often thread switches occur."
);

static PyObject *
sys_getcheckinterval(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    if (PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
                     "sys.getcheckinterval() and sys.setcheckinterval() "
                     "are deprecated.  Use sys.getswitchinterval() "
                     "instead.", 1) < 0)
        return NULL;
    return PyLong_FromLong(_check_interval);
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(getcheckinterval_doc,
"getcheckinterval() -> current check interval; see setcheckinterval()."
);

#ifdef WITH_THREAD
static PyObject *
sys_setswitchinterval(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    double d;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "d:setswitchinterval", &d))
        return NULL;
    if (d <= 0.0) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                        "switch interval must be strictly positive");
        return NULL;
    }
    _PyEval_SetSwitchInterval((unsigned long) (1e6 * d));
    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    return Py_None;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(setswitchinterval_doc,
"setswitchinterval(n)\n\
\n\
Set the ideal thread switching delay inside the Python interpreter\n\
The actual frequency of switching threads can be lower if the\n\
interpreter executes long sequences of uninterruptible code\n\
(this is implementation-specific and workload-dependent).\n\
\n\
The parameter must represent the desired switching delay in seconds\n\
A typical value is 0.005 (5 milliseconds)."
);

static PyObject *
sys_getswitchinterval(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    return PyFloat_FromDouble(1e-6 * _PyEval_GetSwitchInterval());
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(getswitchinterval_doc,
"getswitchinterval() -> current thread switch interval; see setswitchinterval()."
);

#endif /* WITH_THREAD */

#ifdef WITH_TSC
static PyObject *
sys_settscdump(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    int bool;
    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_Get();

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i:settscdump", &bool))
        return NULL;
    if (bool)
        tstate->interp->tscdump = 1;
    else
        tstate->interp->tscdump = 0;
    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    return Py_None;

}

PyDoc_STRVAR(settscdump_doc,
"settscdump(bool)\n\
\n\
If true, tell the Python interpreter to dump VM measurements to\n\
stderr.  If false, turn off dump.  The measurements are based on the\n\
processor's time-stamp counter."
);
#endif /* TSC */

static PyObject *
sys_setrecursionlimit(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    int new_limit;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i:setrecursionlimit", &new_limit))
        return NULL;
    if (new_limit <= 0) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                        "recursion limit must be positive");
        return NULL;
    }
    Py_SetRecursionLimit(new_limit);
    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    return Py_None;
}

static PyTypeObject Hash_InfoType;

PyDoc_STRVAR(hash_info_doc,
"hash_info\n\
\n\
A struct sequence providing parameters used for computing\n\
numeric hashes.  The attributes are read only.");

static PyStructSequence_Field hash_info_fields[] = {
    {"width", "width of the type used for hashing, in bits"},
    {"modulus", "prime number giving the modulus on which the hash "
                "function is based"},
    {"inf", "value to be used for hash of a positive infinity"},
    {"nan", "value to be used for hash of a nan"},
    {"imag", "multiplier used for the imaginary part of a complex number"},
    {NULL, NULL}
};

static PyStructSequence_Desc hash_info_desc = {
    "sys.hash_info",
    hash_info_doc,
    hash_info_fields,
    5,
};

static PyObject *
get_hash_info(void)
{
    PyObject *hash_info;
    int field = 0;
    hash_info = PyStructSequence_New(&Hash_InfoType);
    if (hash_info == NULL)
        return NULL;
    PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(hash_info, field++,
                              PyLong_FromLong(8*sizeof(Py_hash_t)));
    PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(hash_info, field++,
                              PyLong_FromSsize_t(_PyHASH_MODULUS));
    PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(hash_info, field++,
                              PyLong_FromLong(_PyHASH_INF));
    PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(hash_info, field++,
                              PyLong_FromLong(_PyHASH_NAN));
    PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(hash_info, field++,
                              PyLong_FromLong(_PyHASH_IMAG));
    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
        Py_CLEAR(hash_info);
        return NULL;
    }
    return hash_info;
}


PyDoc_STRVAR(setrecursionlimit_doc,
"setrecursionlimit(n)\n\
\n\
Set the maximum depth of the Python interpreter stack to n.  This\n\
limit prevents infinite recursion from causing an overflow of the C\n\
stack and crashing Python.  The highest possible limit is platform-\n\
dependent."
);

static PyObject *
sys_getrecursionlimit(PyObject *self)
{
    return PyLong_FromLong(Py_GetRecursionLimit());
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(getrecursionlimit_doc,
"getrecursionlimit()\n\
\n\
Return the current value of the recursion limit, the maximum depth\n\
of the Python interpreter stack.  This limit prevents infinite\n\
recursion from causing an overflow of the C stack and crashing Python."
);

#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
PyDoc_STRVAR(getwindowsversion_doc,
"getwindowsversion()\n\
\n\
Return information about the running version of Windows as a named tuple.\n\
The members are named: major, minor, build, platform, service_pack,\n\
service_pack_major, service_pack_minor, suite_mask, and product_type. For\n\
backward compatibility, only the first 5 items are available by indexing.\n\
All elements are numbers, except service_pack which is a string. Platform\n\
may be 0 for win32s, 1 for Windows 9x/ME, 2 for Windows NT/2000/XP/Vista/7,\n\
3 for Windows CE. Product_type may be 1 for a workstation, 2 for a domain\n\
controller, 3 for a server."
);

static PyTypeObject WindowsVersionType = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};

static PyStructSequence_Field windows_version_fields[] = {
    {"major", "Major version number"},
    {"minor", "Minor version number"},
    {"build", "Build number"},
    {"platform", "Operating system platform"},
    {"service_pack", "Latest Service Pack installed on the system"},
    {"service_pack_major", "Service Pack major version number"},
    {"service_pack_minor", "Service Pack minor version number"},
    {"suite_mask", "Bit mask identifying available product suites"},
    {"product_type", "System product type"},
    {0}
};

static PyStructSequence_Desc windows_version_desc = {
    "sys.getwindowsversion",  /* name */
    getwindowsversion_doc,    /* doc */
    windows_version_fields,   /* fields */
    5                         /* For backward compatibility,
                                 only the first 5 items are accessible
                                 via indexing, the rest are name only */
};

static PyObject *
sys_getwindowsversion(PyObject *self)
{
    PyObject *version;
    int pos = 0;
    OSVERSIONINFOEX ver;
    ver.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(ver);
    if (!GetVersionEx((OSVERSIONINFO*) &ver))
        return PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr(0);

    version = PyStructSequence_New(&WindowsVersionType);
    if (version == NULL)
        return NULL;

    PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(version, pos++, PyLong_FromLong(ver.dwMajorVersion));
    PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(version, pos++, PyLong_FromLong(ver.dwMinorVersion));
    PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(version, pos++, PyLong_FromLong(ver.dwBuildNumber));
    PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(version, pos++, PyLong_FromLong(ver.dwPlatformId));
    PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(version, pos++, PyUnicode_FromString(ver.szCSDVersion));
    PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(version, pos++, PyLong_FromLong(ver.wServicePackMajor));
    PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(version, pos++, PyLong_FromLong(ver.wServicePackMinor));
    PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(version, pos++, PyLong_FromLong(ver.wSuiteMask));
    PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(version, pos++, PyLong_FromLong(ver.wProductType));

    return version;
}

#endif /* MS_WINDOWS */

#ifdef HAVE_DLOPEN
static PyObject *
sys_setdlopenflags(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    int new_val;
    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i:setdlopenflags", &new_val))
        return NULL;
    if (!tstate)
        return NULL;
    tstate->interp->dlopenflags = new_val;
    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    return Py_None;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(setdlopenflags_doc,
"setdlopenflags(n) -> None\n\
\n\
Set the flags used by the interpreter for dlopen calls, such as when the\n\
interpreter loads extension modules.  Among other things, this will enable\n\
a lazy resolving of symbols when importing a module, if called as\n\
sys.setdlopenflags(0).  To share symbols across extension modules, call as\n\
sys.setdlopenflags(ctypes.RTLD_GLOBAL).  Symbolic names for the flag modules\n\
can be either found in the ctypes module, or in the DLFCN module. If DLFCN\n\
is not available, it can be generated from /usr/include/dlfcn.h using the\n\
h2py script.");

static PyObject *
sys_getdlopenflags(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
    if (!tstate)
        return NULL;
    return PyLong_FromLong(tstate->interp->dlopenflags);
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(getdlopenflags_doc,
"getdlopenflags() -> int\n\
\n\
Return the current value of the flags that are used for dlopen calls.\n\
The flag constants are defined in the ctypes and DLFCN modules.");

#endif  /* HAVE_DLOPEN */

#ifdef USE_MALLOPT
/* Link with -lmalloc (or -lmpc) on an SGI */
#include <malloc.h>

static PyObject *
sys_mdebug(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    int flag;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i:mdebug", &flag))
        return NULL;
    mallopt(M_DEBUG, flag);
    Py_INCREF(Py_None);
    return Py_None;
}
#endif /* USE_MALLOPT */

static PyObject *
sys_getsizeof(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
{
    PyObject *res = NULL;
    static PyObject *str__sizeof__ = NULL, *gc_head_size = NULL;
    static char *kwlist[] = {"object", "default", 0};
    PyObject *o, *dflt = NULL;
    PyObject *method;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(args, kwds, "O|O:getsizeof",
                                     kwlist, &o, &dflt))
        return NULL;

    /* Initialize static variable for GC head size */
    if (gc_head_size == NULL) {
        gc_head_size = PyLong_FromSsize_t(sizeof(PyGC_Head));
        if (gc_head_size == NULL)
            return NULL;
    }

    /* Make sure the type is initialized. float gets initialized late */
    if (PyType_Ready(Py_TYPE(o)) < 0)
        return NULL;

    method = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(o, "__sizeof__",
                                     &str__sizeof__);
    if (method == NULL) {
        if (!PyErr_Occurred())
            PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                         "Type %.100s doesn't define __sizeof__",
                         Py_TYPE(o)->tp_name);
    }
    else {
        res = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(method, NULL);
        Py_DECREF(method);
    }

    /* Has a default value been given */
    if ((res == NULL) && (dflt != NULL) &&
        PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError))
    {
        PyErr_Clear();
        Py_INCREF(dflt);
        return dflt;
    }
    else if (res == NULL)
        return res;

    /* add gc_head size */
    if (PyObject_IS_GC(o)) {
        PyObject *tmp = res;
        res = PyNumber_Add(tmp, gc_head_size);
        Py_DECREF(tmp);
    }
    return res;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(getsizeof_doc,
"getsizeof(object, default) -> int\n\
\n\
Return the size of object in bytes.");

static PyObject *
sys_getrefcount(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
{
    return PyLong_FromSsize_t(arg->ob_refcnt);
}

#ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
static PyObject *
sys_gettotalrefcount(PyObject *self)
{
    return PyLong_FromSsize_t(_Py_GetRefTotal());
}
#endif /* Py_REF_DEBUG */

PyDoc_STRVAR(getrefcount_doc,
"getrefcount(object) -> integer\n\
\n\
Return the reference count of object.  The count returned is generally\n\
one higher than you might expect, because it includes the (temporary)\n\
reference as an argument to getrefcount()."
);

#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
static PyObject *
sys_getcounts(PyObject *self)
{
    extern PyObject *get_counts(void);

    return get_counts();
}
#endif

PyDoc_STRVAR(getframe_doc,
"_getframe([depth]) -> frameobject\n\
\n\
Return a frame object from the call stack.  If optional integer depth is\n\
given, return the frame object that many calls below the top of the stack.\n\
If that is deeper than the call stack, ValueError is raised.  The default\n\
for depth is zero, returning the frame at the top of the call stack.\n\
\n\
This function should be used for internal and specialized\n\
purposes only."
);

static PyObject *
sys_getframe(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyFrameObject *f = PyThreadState_GET()->frame;
    int depth = -1;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|i:_getframe", &depth))
        return NULL;

    while (depth > 0 && f != NULL) {
        f = f->f_back;
        --depth;
    }
    if (f == NULL) {
        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
                        "call stack is not deep enough");
        return NULL;
    }
    Py_INCREF(f);
    return (PyObject*)f;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(current_frames_doc,
"_current_frames() -> dictionary\n\
\n\
Return a dictionary mapping each current thread T's thread id to T's\n\
current stack frame.\n\
\n\
This function should be used for specialized purposes only."
);

static PyObject *
sys_current_frames(PyObject *self, PyObject *noargs)
{
    return _PyThread_CurrentFrames();
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(call_tracing_doc,
"call_tracing(func, args) -> object\n\
\n\
Call func(*args), while tracing is enabled.  The tracing state is\n\
saved, and restored afterwards.  This is intended to be called from\n\
a debugger from a checkpoint, to recursively debug some other code."
);

static PyObject *
sys_call_tracing(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
    PyObject *func, *funcargs;
    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO!:call_tracing", &func, &PyTuple_Type, &funcargs))
        return NULL;
    return _PyEval_CallTracing(func, funcargs);
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(callstats_doc,
"callstats() -> tuple of integers\n\
\n\
Return a tuple of function call statistics, if CALL_PROFILE was defined\n\
when Python was built.  Otherwise, return None.\n\
\n\
When enabled, this function returns detailed, implementation-specific\n\
details about the number of function calls executed. The return value is\n\
a 11-tuple where the entries in the tuple are counts of:\n\
0. all function calls\n\
1. calls to PyFunction_Type objects\n\
2. PyFunction calls that do not create an argument tuple\n\
3. PyFunction calls that do not create an argument tuple\n\
   and bypass PyEval_EvalCodeEx()\n\
4. PyMethod calls\n\
5. PyMethod calls on bound methods\n\
6. PyType calls\n\
7. PyCFunction calls\n\
8. generator calls\n\
9. All other calls\n\
10. Number of stack pops performed by call_function()"
);

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

#ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
/* Defined in objects.c because it uses static globals if that file */
extern PyObject *_Py_GetObjects(PyObject *, PyObject *);
#endif

#ifdef DYNAMIC_EXECUTION_PROFILE
/* Defined in ceval.c because it uses static globals if that file */
extern PyObject *_Py_GetDXProfile(PyObject *,  PyObject *);
#endif

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

static PyObject *
sys_clear_type_cache(PyObject* self, PyObject* args)
{
    PyType_ClearCache();
    Py_RETURN_NONE;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(sys_clear_type_cache__doc__,
"_clear_type_cache() -> None\n\
Clear the internal type lookup cache.");


static PyMethodDef sys_methods[] = {
    /* Might as well keep this in alphabetic order */
    {"callstats", (PyCFunction)PyEval_GetCallStats, METH_NOARGS,
     callstats_doc},
    {"_clear_type_cache",       sys_clear_type_cache,     METH_NOARGS,
     sys_clear_type_cache__doc__},
    {"_current_frames", sys_current_frames, METH_NOARGS,
     current_frames_doc},
    {"displayhook",     sys_displayhook, METH_O, displayhook_doc},
    {"exc_info",        sys_exc_info, METH_NOARGS, exc_info_doc},
    {"excepthook",      sys_excepthook, METH_VARARGS, excepthook_doc},
    {"exit",            sys_exit, METH_VARARGS, exit_doc},
    {"getdefaultencoding", (PyCFunction)sys_getdefaultencoding,
     METH_NOARGS, getdefaultencoding_doc},
#ifdef HAVE_DLOPEN
    {"getdlopenflags", (PyCFunction)sys_getdlopenflags, METH_NOARGS,
     getdlopenflags_doc},
#endif
#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
    {"getcounts",       (PyCFunction)sys_getcounts, METH_NOARGS},
#endif
#ifdef DYNAMIC_EXECUTION_PROFILE
    {"getdxp",          _Py_GetDXProfile, METH_VARARGS},
#endif
    {"getfilesystemencoding", (PyCFunction)sys_getfilesystemencoding,
     METH_NOARGS, getfilesystemencoding_doc},
#ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
    {"getobjects",      _Py_GetObjects, METH_VARARGS},
#endif
#ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
    {"gettotalrefcount", (PyCFunction)sys_gettotalrefcount, METH_NOARGS},
#endif
    {"getrefcount",     (PyCFunction)sys_getrefcount, METH_O, getrefcount_doc},
    {"getrecursionlimit", (PyCFunction)sys_getrecursionlimit, METH_NOARGS,
     getrecursionlimit_doc},
    {"getsizeof",   (PyCFunction)sys_getsizeof,
     METH_VARARGS | METH_KEYWORDS, getsizeof_doc},
    {"_getframe", sys_getframe, METH_VARARGS, getframe_doc},
#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
    {"getwindowsversion", (PyCFunction)sys_getwindowsversion, METH_NOARGS,
     getwindowsversion_doc},
#endif /* MS_WINDOWS */
    {"intern",          sys_intern,     METH_VARARGS, intern_doc},
#ifdef USE_MALLOPT
    {"mdebug",          sys_mdebug, METH_VARARGS},
#endif
    {"setcheckinterval",        sys_setcheckinterval, METH_VARARGS,
     setcheckinterval_doc},
    {"getcheckinterval",        sys_getcheckinterval, METH_NOARGS,
     getcheckinterval_doc},
#ifdef WITH_THREAD
    {"setswitchinterval",       sys_setswitchinterval, METH_VARARGS,
     setswitchinterval_doc},
    {"getswitchinterval",       sys_getswitchinterval, METH_NOARGS,
     getswitchinterval_doc},
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_DLOPEN
    {"setdlopenflags", sys_setdlopenflags, METH_VARARGS,
     setdlopenflags_doc},
#endif
    {"setprofile",      sys_setprofile, METH_O, setprofile_doc},
    {"getprofile",      sys_getprofile, METH_NOARGS, getprofile_doc},
    {"setrecursionlimit", sys_setrecursionlimit, METH_VARARGS,
     setrecursionlimit_doc},
#ifdef WITH_TSC
    {"settscdump", sys_settscdump, METH_VARARGS, settscdump_doc},
#endif
    {"settrace",        sys_settrace, METH_O, settrace_doc},
    {"gettrace",        sys_gettrace, METH_NOARGS, gettrace_doc},
    {"call_tracing", sys_call_tracing, METH_VARARGS, call_tracing_doc},
    {NULL,              NULL}           /* sentinel */
};

static PyObject *
list_builtin_module_names(void)
{
    PyObject *list = PyList_New(0);
    int i;
    if (list == NULL)
        return NULL;
    for (i = 0; PyImport_Inittab[i].name != NULL; i++) {
        PyObject *name = PyUnicode_FromString(
            PyImport_Inittab[i].name);
        if (name == NULL)
            break;
        PyList_Append(list, name);
        Py_DECREF(name);
    }
    if (PyList_Sort(list) != 0) {
        Py_DECREF(list);
        list = NULL;
    }
    if (list) {
        PyObject *v = PyList_AsTuple(list);
        Py_DECREF(list);
        list = v;
    }
    return list;
}

static PyObject *warnoptions = NULL;

void
PySys_ResetWarnOptions(void)
{
    if (warnoptions == NULL || !PyList_Check(warnoptions))
        return;
    PyList_SetSlice(warnoptions, 0, PyList_GET_SIZE(warnoptions), NULL);
}

void
PySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode(PyObject *unicode)
{
    if (warnoptions == NULL || !PyList_Check(warnoptions)) {
        Py_XDECREF(warnoptions);
        warnoptions = PyList_New(0);
        if (warnoptions == NULL)
            return;
    }
    PyList_Append(warnoptions, unicode);
}

void
PySys_AddWarnOption(const wchar_t *s)
{
    PyObject *unicode;
    unicode = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(s, -1);
    if (unicode == NULL)
        return;
    PySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode(unicode);
    Py_DECREF(unicode);
}

int
PySys_HasWarnOptions(void)
{
    return (warnoptions != NULL && (PyList_Size(warnoptions) > 0)) ? 1 : 0;
}

static PyObject *xoptions = NULL;

static PyObject *
get_xoptions(void)
{
    if (xoptions == NULL || !PyDict_Check(xoptions)) {
        Py_XDECREF(xoptions);
        xoptions = PyDict_New();
    }
    return xoptions;
}

void
PySys_AddXOption(const wchar_t *s)
{
    PyObject *opts;
    PyObject *name = NULL, *value = NULL;
    const wchar_t *name_end;
    int r;

    opts = get_xoptions();
    if (opts == NULL)
        goto error;

    name_end = wcschr(s, L'=');
    if (!name_end) {
        name = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(s, -1);
        value = Py_True;
        Py_INCREF(value);
    }
    else {
        name = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(s, name_end - s);
        value = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(name_end + 1, -1);
    }
    if (name == NULL || value == NULL)
        goto error;
    r = PyDict_SetItem(opts, name, value);
    Py_DECREF(name);
    Py_DECREF(value);
    return;

error:
    Py_XDECREF(name);
    Py_XDECREF(value);
    /* No return value, therefore clear error state if possible */
    if (_Py_atomic_load_relaxed(&_PyThreadState_Current))
        PyErr_Clear();
}

PyObject *
PySys_GetXOptions(void)
{
    return get_xoptions();
}

/* XXX This doc string is too long to be a single string literal in VC++ 5.0.
   Two literals concatenated works just fine.  If you have a K&R compiler
   or other abomination that however *does* understand longer strings,
   get rid of the !!! comment in the middle and the quotes that surround it. */
PyDoc_VAR(sys_doc) =
PyDoc_STR(
"This module provides access to some objects used or maintained by the\n\
interpreter and to functions that interact strongly with the interpreter.\n\
\n\
Dynamic objects:\n\
\n\
argv -- command line arguments; argv[0] is the script pathname if known\n\
path -- module search path; path[0] is the script directory, else ''\n\
modules -- dictionary of loaded modules\n\
\n\
displayhook -- called to show results in an interactive session\n\
excepthook -- called to handle any uncaught exception other than SystemExit\n\
  To customize printing in an interactive session or to install a custom\n\
  top-level exception handler, assign other functions to replace these.\n\
\n\
stdin -- standard input file object; used by input()\n\
stdout -- standard output file object; used by print()\n\
stderr -- standard error object; used for error messages\n\
  By assigning other file objects (or objects that behave like files)\n\
  to these, it is possible to redirect all of the interpreter's I/O.\n\
\n\
last_type -- type of last uncaught exception\n\
last_value -- value of last uncaught exception\n\
last_traceback -- traceback of last uncaught exception\n\
  These three are only available in an interactive session after a\n\
  traceback has been printed.\n\
"
)
/* concatenating string here */
PyDoc_STR(
"\n\
Static objects:\n\
\n\
float_info -- a dict with information about the float implementation.\n\
int_info -- a struct sequence with information about the int implementation.\n\
maxsize -- the largest supported length of containers.\n\
maxunicode -- the largest supported character\n\
builtin_module_names -- tuple of module names built into this interpreter\n\
subversion -- subversion information of the build as tuple\n\
version -- the version of this interpreter as a string\n\
version_info -- version information as a named tuple\n\
hexversion -- version information encoded as a single integer\n\
copyright -- copyright notice pertaining to this interpreter\n\
platform -- platform identifier\n\
executable -- absolute path of the executable binary of the Python interpreter\n\
prefix -- prefix used to find the Python library\n\
exec_prefix -- prefix used to find the machine-specific Python library\n\
float_repr_style -- string indicating the style of repr() output for floats\n\
"
)
#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
/* concatenating string here */
PyDoc_STR(
"dllhandle -- [Windows only] integer handle of the Python DLL\n\
winver -- [Windows only] version number of the Python DLL\n\
"
)
#endif /* MS_WINDOWS */
PyDoc_STR(
"__stdin__ -- the original stdin; don't touch!\n\
__stdout__ -- the original stdout; don't touch!\n\
__stderr__ -- the original stderr; don't touch!\n\
__displayhook__ -- the original displayhook; don't touch!\n\
__excepthook__ -- the original excepthook; don't touch!\n\
\n\
Functions:\n\
\n\
displayhook() -- print an object to the screen, and save it in builtins._\n\
excepthook() -- print an exception and its traceback to sys.stderr\n\
exc_info() -- return thread-safe information about the current exception\n\
exit() -- exit the interpreter by raising SystemExit\n\
getdlopenflags() -- returns flags to be used for dlopen() calls\n\
getprofile() -- get the global profiling function\n\
getrefcount() -- return the reference count for an object (plus one :-)\n\
getrecursionlimit() -- return the max recursion depth for the interpreter\n\
getsizeof() -- return the size of an object in bytes\n\
gettrace() -- get the global debug tracing function\n\
setcheckinterval() -- control how often the interpreter checks for events\n\
setdlopenflags() -- set the flags to be used for dlopen() calls\n\
setprofile() -- set the global profiling function\n\
setrecursionlimit() -- set the max recursion depth for the interpreter\n\
settrace() -- set the global debug tracing function\n\
"
)
/* end of sys_doc */ ;

/* Subversion branch and revision management */
static int svn_initialized;
static char patchlevel_revision[50]; /* Just the number */
static char branch[50];
static char shortbranch[50];
static const char *svn_revision;

static void
svnversion_init(void)
{
    if (svn_initialized)
        return;

    svn_initialized = 1;
    *patchlevel_revision = '\0';
    strcpy(branch, "");
    strcpy(shortbranch, "unknown");
    svn_revision = "";
}

/* Return svnversion output if available.
   Else return Revision of patchlevel.h if on branch.
   Else return empty string */
const char*
Py_SubversionRevision()
{
    svnversion_init();
    return svn_revision;
}

const char*
Py_SubversionShortBranch()
{
    svnversion_init();
    return shortbranch;
}


PyDoc_STRVAR(flags__doc__,
"sys.flags\n\
\n\
Flags provided through command line arguments or environment vars.");

static PyTypeObject FlagsType;

static PyStructSequence_Field flags_fields[] = {
    {"debug",                   "-d"},
    {"division_warning",        "-Q"},
    {"inspect",                 "-i"},
    {"interactive",             "-i"},
    {"optimize",                "-O or -OO"},
    {"dont_write_bytecode",     "-B"},
    {"no_user_site",            "-s"},
    {"no_site",                 "-S"},
    {"ignore_environment",      "-E"},
    {"verbose",                 "-v"},
#ifdef RISCOS
    {"riscos_wimp",             "???"},
#endif
    /* {"unbuffered",                   "-u"}, */
    /* {"skip_first",                   "-x"}, */
    {"bytes_warning",           "-b"},
    {"quiet",                   "-q"},
    {"hash_randomization",      "-R"},
    {0}
};

static PyStructSequence_Desc flags_desc = {
    "sys.flags",        /* name */
    flags__doc__,       /* doc */
    flags_fields,       /* fields */
#ifdef RISCOS
    14
#else
    13
#endif
};

static PyObject*
make_flags(void)
{
    int pos = 0;
    PyObject *seq;

    seq = PyStructSequence_New(&FlagsType);
    if (seq == NULL)
        return NULL;

#define SetFlag(flag) \
    PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(seq, pos++, PyLong_FromLong(flag))

    SetFlag(Py_DebugFlag);
    SetFlag(Py_DivisionWarningFlag);
    SetFlag(Py_InspectFlag);
    SetFlag(Py_InteractiveFlag);
    SetFlag(Py_OptimizeFlag);
    SetFlag(Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag);
    SetFlag(Py_NoUserSiteDirectory);
    SetFlag(Py_NoSiteFlag);
    SetFlag(Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag);
    SetFlag(Py_VerboseFlag);
#ifdef RISCOS
    SetFlag(Py_RISCOSWimpFlag);
#endif
    /* SetFlag(saw_unbuffered_flag); */
    /* SetFlag(skipfirstline); */
    SetFlag(Py_BytesWarningFlag);
    SetFlag(Py_QuietFlag);
    SetFlag(Py_HashRandomizationFlag);
#undef SetFlag

    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return seq;
}

PyDoc_STRVAR(version_info__doc__,
"sys.version_info\n\
\n\
Version information as a named tuple.");

static PyTypeObject VersionInfoType;

static PyStructSequence_Field version_info_fields[] = {
    {"major", "Major release number"},
    {"minor", "Minor release number"},
    {"micro", "Patch release number"},
    {"releaselevel", "'alpha', 'beta', 'candidate', or 'release'"},
    {"serial", "Serial release number"},
    {0}
};

static PyStructSequence_Desc version_info_desc = {
    "sys.version_info",     /* name */
    version_info__doc__,    /* doc */
    version_info_fields,    /* fields */
    5
};

static PyObject *
make_version_info(void)
{
    PyObject *version_info;
    char *s;
    int pos = 0;

    version_info = PyStructSequence_New(&VersionInfoType);
    if (version_info == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    /*
     * These release level checks are mutually exclusive and cover
     * the field, so don't get too fancy with the pre-processor!
     */
#if PY_RELEASE_LEVEL == PY_RELEASE_LEVEL_ALPHA
    s = "alpha";
#elif PY_RELEASE_LEVEL == PY_RELEASE_LEVEL_BETA
    s = "beta";
#elif PY_RELEASE_LEVEL == PY_RELEASE_LEVEL_GAMMA
    s = "candidate";
#elif PY_RELEASE_LEVEL == PY_RELEASE_LEVEL_FINAL
    s = "final";
#endif

#define SetIntItem(flag) \
    PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(version_info, pos++, PyLong_FromLong(flag))
#define SetStrItem(flag) \
    PyStructSequence_SET_ITEM(version_info, pos++, PyUnicode_FromString(flag))

    SetIntItem(PY_MAJOR_VERSION);
    SetIntItem(PY_MINOR_VERSION);
    SetIntItem(PY_MICRO_VERSION);
    SetStrItem(s);
    SetIntItem(PY_RELEASE_SERIAL);
#undef SetIntItem
#undef SetStrItem

    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
        Py_CLEAR(version_info);
        return NULL;
    }
    return version_info;
}

static struct PyModuleDef sysmodule = {
    PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
    "sys",
    sys_doc,
    -1, /* multiple "initialization" just copies the module dict. */
    sys_methods,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    NULL
};

PyObject *
_PySys_Init(void)
{
    PyObject *m, *v, *sysdict;
    char *s;

    m = PyModule_Create(&sysmodule);
    if (m == NULL)
        return NULL;
    sysdict = PyModule_GetDict(m);
#define SET_SYS_FROM_STRING(key, value)                 \
    v = value;                                          \
    if (v != NULL)                                      \
        PyDict_SetItemString(sysdict, key, v);          \
    Py_XDECREF(v)

    /* Check that stdin is not a directory
    Using shell redirection, you can redirect stdin to a directory,
    crashing the Python interpreter. Catch this common mistake here
    and output a useful error message. Note that under MS Windows,
    the shell already prevents that. */
#if !defined(MS_WINDOWS)
    {
        struct stat sb;
        if (fstat(fileno(stdin), &sb) == 0 &&
            S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) {
            /* There's nothing more we can do. */
            /* Py_FatalError() will core dump, so just exit. */
            PySys_WriteStderr("Python error: <stdin> is a directory, cannot continue\n");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    }
#endif

    /* stdin/stdout/stderr are now set by pythonrun.c */

    PyDict_SetItemString(sysdict, "__displayhook__",
                         PyDict_GetItemString(sysdict, "displayhook"));
    PyDict_SetItemString(sysdict, "__excepthook__",
                         PyDict_GetItemString(sysdict, "excepthook"));
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("version",
                         PyUnicode_FromString(Py_GetVersion()));
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("hexversion",
                         PyLong_FromLong(PY_VERSION_HEX));
    svnversion_init();
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("subversion",
                        Py_BuildValue("(sss)", "CPython", branch,
                                      svn_revision));
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("_mercurial",
                        Py_BuildValue("(szz)", "CPython", _Py_hgidentifier(),
                                      _Py_hgversion()));
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("dont_write_bytecode",
                         PyBool_FromLong(Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag));
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("api_version",
                        PyLong_FromLong(PYTHON_API_VERSION));
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("copyright",
                        PyUnicode_FromString(Py_GetCopyright()));
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("platform",
                        PyUnicode_FromString(Py_GetPlatform()));
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("executable",
                        PyUnicode_FromWideChar(
                               Py_GetProgramFullPath(), -1));
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("prefix",
                        PyUnicode_FromWideChar(Py_GetPrefix(), -1));
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("exec_prefix",
                        PyUnicode_FromWideChar(Py_GetExecPrefix(), -1));
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("maxsize",
                        PyLong_FromSsize_t(PY_SSIZE_T_MAX));
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("float_info",
                        PyFloat_GetInfo());
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("int_info",
                        PyLong_GetInfo());
    /* initialize hash_info */
    if (Hash_InfoType.tp_name == 0)
        PyStructSequence_InitType(&Hash_InfoType, &hash_info_desc);
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("hash_info",
                        get_hash_info());
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("maxunicode",
                        PyLong_FromLong(PyUnicode_GetMax()));
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("builtin_module_names",
                        list_builtin_module_names());
    {
        /* Assumes that longs are at least 2 bytes long.
           Should be safe! */
        unsigned long number = 1;
        char *value;

        s = (char *) &number;
        if (s[0] == 0)
            value = "big";
        else
            value = "little";
        SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("byteorder",
                            PyUnicode_FromString(value));
    }
#ifdef MS_COREDLL
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("dllhandle",
                        PyLong_FromVoidPtr(PyWin_DLLhModule));
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("winver",
                        PyUnicode_FromString(PyWin_DLLVersionString));
#endif
#ifdef ABIFLAGS
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("abiflags",
                        PyUnicode_FromString(ABIFLAGS));
#endif
    if (warnoptions == NULL) {
        warnoptions = PyList_New(0);
    }
    else {
        Py_INCREF(warnoptions);
    }
    if (warnoptions != NULL) {
        PyDict_SetItemString(sysdict, "warnoptions", warnoptions);
    }

    v = get_xoptions();
    if (v != NULL) {
        PyDict_SetItemString(sysdict, "_xoptions", v);
    }

    /* version_info */
    if (VersionInfoType.tp_name == 0)
        PyStructSequence_InitType(&VersionInfoType, &version_info_desc);
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("version_info", make_version_info());
    /* prevent user from creating new instances */
    VersionInfoType.tp_init = NULL;
    VersionInfoType.tp_new = NULL;

    /* flags */
    if (FlagsType.tp_name == 0)
        PyStructSequence_InitType(&FlagsType, &flags_desc);
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("flags", make_flags());
    /* prevent user from creating new instances */
    FlagsType.tp_init = NULL;
    FlagsType.tp_new = NULL;


#if defined(MS_WINDOWS)
    /* getwindowsversion */
    if (WindowsVersionType.tp_name == 0)
        PyStructSequence_InitType(&WindowsVersionType, &windows_version_desc);
    /* prevent user from creating new instances */
    WindowsVersionType.tp_init = NULL;
    WindowsVersionType.tp_new = NULL;
#endif

    /* float repr style: 0.03 (short) vs 0.029999999999999999 (legacy) */
#ifndef PY_NO_SHORT_FLOAT_REPR
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("float_repr_style",
                        PyUnicode_FromString("short"));
#else
    SET_SYS_FROM_STRING("float_repr_style",
                        PyUnicode_FromString("legacy"));
#endif

#undef SET_SYS_FROM_STRING
    if (PyErr_Occurred())
        return NULL;
    return m;
}

static PyObject *
makepathobject(const wchar_t *path, wchar_t delim)
{
    int i, n;
    const wchar_t *p;
    PyObject *v, *w;

    n = 1;
    p = path;
    while ((p = wcschr(p, delim)) != NULL) {
        n++;
        p++;
    }
    v = PyList_New(n);
    if (v == NULL)
        return NULL;
    for (i = 0; ; i++) {
        p = wcschr(path, delim);
        if (p == NULL)
            p = path + wcslen(path); /* End of string */
        w = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(path, (Py_ssize_t)(p - path));
        if (w == NULL) {
            Py_DECREF(v);
            return NULL;
        }
        PyList_SetItem(v, i, w);
        if (*p == '\0')
            break;
        path = p+1;
    }
    return v;
}

void
PySys_SetPath(const wchar_t *path)
{
    PyObject *v;
    if ((v = makepathobject(path, DELIM)) == NULL)
        Py_FatalError("can't create sys.path");
    if (PySys_SetObject("path", v) != 0)
        Py_FatalError("can't assign sys.path");
    Py_DECREF(v);
}

static PyObject *
makeargvobject(int argc, wchar_t **argv)
{
    PyObject *av;
    if (argc <= 0 || argv == NULL) {
        /* Ensure at least one (empty) argument is seen */
        static wchar_t *empty_argv[1] = {L""};
        argv = empty_argv;
        argc = 1;
    }
    av = PyList_New(argc);
    if (av != NULL) {
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
#ifdef __VMS
            PyObject *v;

            /* argv[0] is the script pathname if known */
            if (i == 0) {
                char* fn = decc$translate_vms(argv[0]);
                if ((fn == (char *)0) || fn == (char *)-1)
                    v = PyUnicode_FromString(argv[0]);
                else
                    v = PyUnicode_FromString(
                        decc$translate_vms(argv[0]));
            } else
                v = PyUnicode_FromString(argv[i]);
#else
            PyObject *v = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(argv[i], -1);
#endif
            if (v == NULL) {
                Py_DECREF(av);
                av = NULL;
                break;
            }
            PyList_SetItem(av, i, v);
        }
    }
    return av;
}

#define _HAVE_SCRIPT_ARGUMENT(argc, argv) \
  (argc > 0 && argv0 != NULL && \
   wcscmp(argv0, L"-c") != 0 && wcscmp(argv0, L"-m") != 0)

static void
sys_update_path(int argc, wchar_t **argv)
{
    wchar_t *argv0;
    wchar_t *p = NULL;
    Py_ssize_t n = 0;
    PyObject *a;
    PyObject *path;
#ifdef HAVE_READLINK
    wchar_t link[MAXPATHLEN+1];
    wchar_t argv0copy[2*MAXPATHLEN+1];
    int nr = 0;
#endif
#if defined(HAVE_REALPATH)
    wchar_t fullpath[MAXPATHLEN];
#elif defined(MS_WINDOWS) && !defined(MS_WINCE)
    wchar_t fullpath[MAX_PATH];
#endif

    path = PySys_GetObject("path");
    if (path == NULL)
        return;

    argv0 = argv[0];

#ifdef HAVE_READLINK
    if (_HAVE_SCRIPT_ARGUMENT(argc, argv))
        nr = _Py_wreadlink(argv0, link, MAXPATHLEN);
    if (nr > 0) {
        /* It's a symlink */
        link[nr] = '\0';
        if (link[0] == SEP)
            argv0 = link; /* Link to absolute path */
        else if (wcschr(link, SEP) == NULL)
            ; /* Link without path */
        else {
            /* Must join(dirname(argv0), link) */
            wchar_t *q = wcsrchr(argv0, SEP);
            if (q == NULL)
                argv0 = link; /* argv0 without path */
            else {
                /* Must make a copy */
                wcscpy(argv0copy, argv0);
                q = wcsrchr(argv0copy, SEP);
                wcscpy(q+1, link);
                argv0 = argv0copy;
            }
        }
    }
#endif /* HAVE_READLINK */
#if SEP == '\\' /* Special case for MS filename syntax */
    if (_HAVE_SCRIPT_ARGUMENT(argc, argv)) {
        wchar_t *q;
#if defined(MS_WINDOWS) && !defined(MS_WINCE)
        /* This code here replaces the first element in argv with the full
        path that it represents. Under CE, there are no relative paths so
        the argument must be the full path anyway. */
        wchar_t *ptemp;
        if (GetFullPathNameW(argv0,
                           sizeof(fullpath)/sizeof(fullpath[0]),
                           fullpath,
                           &ptemp)) {
            argv0 = fullpath;
        }
#endif
        p = wcsrchr(argv0, SEP);
        /* Test for alternate separator */
        q = wcsrchr(p ? p : argv0, '/');
        if (q != NULL)
            p = q;
        if (p != NULL) {
            n = p + 1 - argv0;
            if (n > 1 && p[-1] != ':')
                n--; /* Drop trailing separator */
        }
    }
#else /* All other filename syntaxes */
    if (_HAVE_SCRIPT_ARGUMENT(argc, argv)) {
#if defined(HAVE_REALPATH)
        if (_Py_wrealpath(argv0, fullpath, PATH_MAX)) {
            argv0 = fullpath;
        }
#endif
        p = wcsrchr(argv0, SEP);
    }
    if (p != NULL) {
        n = p + 1 - argv0;
#if SEP == '/' /* Special case for Unix filename syntax */
        if (n > 1)
            n--; /* Drop trailing separator */
#endif /* Unix */
    }
#endif /* All others */
    a = PyUnicode_FromWideChar(argv0, n);
    if (a == NULL)
        Py_FatalError("no mem for sys.path insertion");
    if (PyList_Insert(path, 0, a) < 0)
        Py_FatalError("sys.path.insert(0) failed");
    Py_DECREF(a);
}

void
PySys_SetArgvEx(int argc, wchar_t **argv, int updatepath)
{
    PyObject *av = makeargvobject(argc, argv);
    if (av == NULL)
        Py_FatalError("no mem for sys.argv");
    if (PySys_SetObject("argv", av) != 0)
        Py_FatalError("can't assign sys.argv");
    Py_DECREF(av);
    if (updatepath)
        sys_update_path(argc, argv);
}

void
PySys_SetArgv(int argc, wchar_t **argv)
{
    PySys_SetArgvEx(argc, argv, 1);
}

/* Reimplementation of PyFile_WriteString() no calling indirectly
   PyErr_CheckSignals(): avoid the call to PyObject_Str(). */

static int
sys_pyfile_write_unicode(PyObject *unicode, PyObject *file)
{
    PyObject *writer = NULL, *args = NULL, *result = NULL;
    int err;

    if (file == NULL)
        return -1;

    writer = PyObject_GetAttrString(file, "write");
    if (writer == NULL)
        goto error;

    args = PyTuple_Pack(1, unicode);
    if (args == NULL)
        goto error;

    result = PyEval_CallObject(writer, args);
    if (result == NULL) {
        goto error;
    } else {
        err = 0;
        goto finally;
    }

error:
    err = -1;
finally:
    Py_XDECREF(writer);
    Py_XDECREF(args);
    Py_XDECREF(result);
    return err;
}

static int
sys_pyfile_write(const char *text, PyObject *file)
{
    PyObject *unicode = NULL;
    int err;

    if (file == NULL)
        return -1;

    unicode = PyUnicode_FromString(text);
    if (unicode == NULL)
        return -1;

    err = sys_pyfile_write_unicode(unicode, file);
    Py_DECREF(unicode);
    return err;
}

/* APIs to write to sys.stdout or sys.stderr using a printf-like interface.
   Adapted from code submitted by Just van Rossum.

   PySys_WriteStdout(format, ...)
   PySys_WriteStderr(format, ...)

      The first function writes to sys.stdout; the second to sys.stderr.  When
      there is a problem, they write to the real (C level) stdout or stderr;
      no exceptions are raised.

      PyErr_CheckSignals() is not called to avoid the execution of the Python
      signal handlers: they may raise a new exception whereas sys_write()
      ignores all exceptions.

      Both take a printf-style format string as their first argument followed
      by a variable length argument list determined by the format string.

      *** WARNING ***

      The format should limit the total size of the formatted output string to
      1000 bytes.  In particular, this means that no unrestricted "%s" formats
      should occur; these should be limited using "%.<N>s where <N> is a
      decimal number calculated so that <N> plus the maximum size of other
      formatted text does not exceed 1000 bytes.  Also watch out for "%f",
      which can print hundreds of digits for very large numbers.

 */

static void
sys_write(char *name, FILE *fp, const char *format, va_list va)
{
    PyObject *file;
    PyObject *error_type, *error_value, *error_traceback;
    char buffer[1001];
    int written;

    PyErr_Fetch(&error_type, &error_value, &error_traceback);
    file = PySys_GetObject(name);
    written = PyOS_vsnprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), format, va);
    if (sys_pyfile_write(buffer, file) != 0) {
        PyErr_Clear();
        fputs(buffer, fp);
    }
    if (written < 0 || (size_t)written >= sizeof(buffer)) {
        const char *truncated = "... truncated";
        if (sys_pyfile_write(truncated, file) != 0)
            fputs(truncated, fp);
    }
    PyErr_Restore(error_type, error_value, error_traceback);
}

void
PySys_WriteStdout(const char *format, ...)
{
    va_list va;

    va_start(va, format);
    sys_write("stdout", stdout, format, va);
    va_end(va);
}

void
PySys_WriteStderr(const char *format, ...)
{
    va_list va;

    va_start(va, format);
    sys_write("stderr", stderr, format, va);
    va_end(va);
}

static void
sys_format(char *name, FILE *fp, const char *format, va_list va)
{
    PyObject *file, *message;
    PyObject *error_type, *error_value, *error_traceback;
    char *utf8;

    PyErr_Fetch(&error_type, &error_value, &error_traceback);
    file = PySys_GetObject(name);
    message = PyUnicode_FromFormatV(format, va);
    if (message != NULL) {
        if (sys_pyfile_write_unicode(message, file) != 0) {
            PyErr_Clear();
            utf8 = _PyUnicode_AsString(message);
            if (utf8 != NULL)
                fputs(utf8, fp);
        }
        Py_DECREF(message);
    }
    PyErr_Restore(error_type, error_value, error_traceback);
}

void
PySys_FormatStdout(const char *format, ...)
{
    va_list va;

    va_start(va, format);
    sys_format("stdout", stdout, format, va);
    va_end(va);
}

void
PySys_FormatStderr(const char *format, ...)
{
    va_list va;

    va_start(va, format);
    sys_format("stderr", stderr, format, va);
    va_end(va);
}