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diff --git a/googlemock/docs/v1_6/CheatSheet.md b/googlemock/docs/v1_6/CheatSheet.md deleted file mode 100644 index 91de1d2..0000000 --- a/googlemock/docs/v1_6/CheatSheet.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,534 +0,0 @@ - - -# Defining a Mock Class # - -## Mocking a Normal Class ## - -Given -``` -class Foo { - ... - virtual ~Foo(); - virtual int GetSize() const = 0; - virtual string Describe(const char* name) = 0; - virtual string Describe(int type) = 0; - virtual bool Process(Bar elem, int count) = 0; -}; -``` -(note that `~Foo()` **must** be virtual) we can define its mock as -``` -#include "gmock/gmock.h" - -class MockFoo : public Foo { - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(GetSize, int()); - MOCK_METHOD1(Describe, string(const char* name)); - MOCK_METHOD1(Describe, string(int type)); - MOCK_METHOD2(Process, bool(Bar elem, int count)); -}; -``` - -To create a "nice" mock object which ignores all uninteresting calls, -or a "strict" mock object, which treats them as failures: -``` -NiceMock<MockFoo> nice_foo; // The type is a subclass of MockFoo. -StrictMock<MockFoo> strict_foo; // The type is a subclass of MockFoo. -``` - -## Mocking a Class Template ## - -To mock -``` -template <typename Elem> -class StackInterface { - public: - ... - virtual ~StackInterface(); - virtual int GetSize() const = 0; - virtual void Push(const Elem& x) = 0; -}; -``` -(note that `~StackInterface()` **must** be virtual) just append `_T` to the `MOCK_*` macros: -``` -template <typename Elem> -class MockStack : public StackInterface<Elem> { - public: - ... - MOCK_CONST_METHOD0_T(GetSize, int()); - MOCK_METHOD1_T(Push, void(const Elem& x)); -}; -``` - -## Specifying Calling Conventions for Mock Functions ## - -If your mock function doesn't use the default calling convention, you -can specify it by appending `_WITH_CALLTYPE` to any of the macros -described in the previous two sections and supplying the calling -convention as the first argument to the macro. For example, -``` - MOCK_METHOD_1_WITH_CALLTYPE(STDMETHODCALLTYPE, Foo, bool(int n)); - MOCK_CONST_METHOD2_WITH_CALLTYPE(STDMETHODCALLTYPE, Bar, int(double x, double y)); -``` -where `STDMETHODCALLTYPE` is defined by `<objbase.h>` on Windows. - -# Using Mocks in Tests # - -The typical flow is: - 1. Import the Google Mock names you need to use. All Google Mock names are in the `testing` namespace unless they are macros or otherwise noted. - 1. Create the mock objects. - 1. Optionally, set the default actions of the mock objects. - 1. Set your expectations on the mock objects (How will they be called? What wil they do?). - 1. Exercise code that uses the mock objects; if necessary, check the result using [Google Test](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/) assertions. - 1. When a mock objects is destructed, Google Mock automatically verifies that all expectations on it have been satisfied. - -Here is an example: -``` -using ::testing::Return; // #1 - -TEST(BarTest, DoesThis) { - MockFoo foo; // #2 - - ON_CALL(foo, GetSize()) // #3 - .WillByDefault(Return(1)); - // ... other default actions ... - - EXPECT_CALL(foo, Describe(5)) // #4 - .Times(3) - .WillRepeatedly(Return("Category 5")); - // ... other expectations ... - - EXPECT_EQ("good", MyProductionFunction(&foo)); // #5 -} // #6 -``` - -# Setting Default Actions # - -Google Mock has a **built-in default action** for any function that -returns `void`, `bool`, a numeric value, or a pointer. - -To customize the default action for functions with return type `T` globally: -``` -using ::testing::DefaultValue; - -DefaultValue<T>::Set(value); // Sets the default value to be returned. -// ... use the mocks ... -DefaultValue<T>::Clear(); // Resets the default value. -``` - -To customize the default action for a particular method, use `ON_CALL()`: -``` -ON_CALL(mock_object, method(matchers)) - .With(multi_argument_matcher) ? - .WillByDefault(action); -``` - -# Setting Expectations # - -`EXPECT_CALL()` sets **expectations** on a mock method (How will it be -called? What will it do?): -``` -EXPECT_CALL(mock_object, method(matchers)) - .With(multi_argument_matcher) ? - .Times(cardinality) ? - .InSequence(sequences) * - .After(expectations) * - .WillOnce(action) * - .WillRepeatedly(action) ? - .RetiresOnSaturation(); ? -``` - -If `Times()` is omitted, the cardinality is assumed to be: - - * `Times(1)` when there is neither `WillOnce()` nor `WillRepeatedly()`; - * `Times(n)` when there are `n WillOnce()`s but no `WillRepeatedly()`, where `n` >= 1; or - * `Times(AtLeast(n))` when there are `n WillOnce()`s and a `WillRepeatedly()`, where `n` >= 0. - -A method with no `EXPECT_CALL()` is free to be invoked _any number of times_, and the default action will be taken each time. - -# Matchers # - -A **matcher** matches a _single_ argument. You can use it inside -`ON_CALL()` or `EXPECT_CALL()`, or use it to validate a value -directly: - -| `EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher)` | Asserts that `value` matches `matcher`. | -|:------------------------------|:----------------------------------------| -| `ASSERT_THAT(value, matcher)` | The same as `EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher)`, except that it generates a **fatal** failure. | - -Built-in matchers (where `argument` is the function argument) are -divided into several categories: - -## Wildcard ## -|`_`|`argument` can be any value of the correct type.| -|:--|:-----------------------------------------------| -|`A<type>()` or `An<type>()`|`argument` can be any value of type `type`. | - -## Generic Comparison ## - -|`Eq(value)` or `value`|`argument == value`| -|:---------------------|:------------------| -|`Ge(value)` |`argument >= value`| -|`Gt(value)` |`argument > value` | -|`Le(value)` |`argument <= value`| -|`Lt(value)` |`argument < value` | -|`Ne(value)` |`argument != value`| -|`IsNull()` |`argument` is a `NULL` pointer (raw or smart).| -|`NotNull()` |`argument` is a non-null pointer (raw or smart).| -|`Ref(variable)` |`argument` is a reference to `variable`.| -|`TypedEq<type>(value)`|`argument` has type `type` and is equal to `value`. You may need to use this instead of `Eq(value)` when the mock function is overloaded.| - -Except `Ref()`, these matchers make a _copy_ of `value` in case it's -modified or destructed later. If the compiler complains that `value` -doesn't have a public copy constructor, try wrap it in `ByRef()`, -e.g. `Eq(ByRef(non_copyable_value))`. If you do that, make sure -`non_copyable_value` is not changed afterwards, or the meaning of your -matcher will be changed. - -## Floating-Point Matchers ## - -|`DoubleEq(a_double)`|`argument` is a `double` value approximately equal to `a_double`, treating two NaNs as unequal.| -|:-------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`FloatEq(a_float)` |`argument` is a `float` value approximately equal to `a_float`, treating two NaNs as unequal. | -|`NanSensitiveDoubleEq(a_double)`|`argument` is a `double` value approximately equal to `a_double`, treating two NaNs as equal. | -|`NanSensitiveFloatEq(a_float)`|`argument` is a `float` value approximately equal to `a_float`, treating two NaNs as equal. | - -These matchers use ULP-based comparison (the same as used in -[Google Test](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/)). They -automatically pick a reasonable error bound based on the absolute -value of the expected value. `DoubleEq()` and `FloatEq()` conform to -the IEEE standard, which requires comparing two NaNs for equality to -return false. The `NanSensitive*` version instead treats two NaNs as -equal, which is often what a user wants. - -## String Matchers ## - -The `argument` can be either a C string or a C++ string object: - -|`ContainsRegex(string)`|`argument` matches the given regular expression.| -|:----------------------|:-----------------------------------------------| -|`EndsWith(suffix)` |`argument` ends with string `suffix`. | -|`HasSubstr(string)` |`argument` contains `string` as a sub-string. | -|`MatchesRegex(string)` |`argument` matches the given regular expression with the match starting at the first character and ending at the last character.| -|`StartsWith(prefix)` |`argument` starts with string `prefix`. | -|`StrCaseEq(string)` |`argument` is equal to `string`, ignoring case. | -|`StrCaseNe(string)` |`argument` is not equal to `string`, ignoring case.| -|`StrEq(string)` |`argument` is equal to `string`. | -|`StrNe(string)` |`argument` is not equal to `string`. | - -`ContainsRegex()` and `MatchesRegex()` use the regular expression -syntax defined -[here](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/V1_6_AdvancedGuide#Regular_Expression_Syntax). -`StrCaseEq()`, `StrCaseNe()`, `StrEq()`, and `StrNe()` work for wide -strings as well. - -## Container Matchers ## - -Most STL-style containers support `==`, so you can use -`Eq(expected_container)` or simply `expected_container` to match a -container exactly. If you want to write the elements in-line, -match them more flexibly, or get more informative messages, you can use: - -| `Contains(e)` | `argument` contains an element that matches `e`, which can be either a value or a matcher. | -|:--------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -| `Each(e)` | `argument` is a container where _every_ element matches `e`, which can be either a value or a matcher. | -| `ElementsAre(e0, e1, ..., en)` | `argument` has `n + 1` elements, where the i-th element matches `ei`, which can be a value or a matcher. 0 to 10 arguments are allowed. | -| `ElementsAreArray(array)` or `ElementsAreArray(array, count)` | The same as `ElementsAre()` except that the expected element values/matchers come from a C-style array. | -| `ContainerEq(container)` | The same as `Eq(container)` except that the failure message also includes which elements are in one container but not the other. | -| `Pointwise(m, container)` | `argument` contains the same number of elements as in `container`, and for all i, (the i-th element in `argument`, the i-th element in `container`) match `m`, which is a matcher on 2-tuples. E.g. `Pointwise(Le(), upper_bounds)` verifies that each element in `argument` doesn't exceed the corresponding element in `upper_bounds`. | - -These matchers can also match: - - 1. a native array passed by reference (e.g. in `Foo(const int (&a)[5])`), and - 1. an array passed as a pointer and a count (e.g. in `Bar(const T* buffer, int len)` -- see [Multi-argument Matchers](#Multiargument_Matchers.md)). - -where the array may be multi-dimensional (i.e. its elements can be arrays). - -## Member Matchers ## - -|`Field(&class::field, m)`|`argument.field` (or `argument->field` when `argument` is a plain pointer) matches matcher `m`, where `argument` is an object of type _class_.| -|:------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`Key(e)` |`argument.first` matches `e`, which can be either a value or a matcher. E.g. `Contains(Key(Le(5)))` can verify that a `map` contains a key `<= 5`.| -|`Pair(m1, m2)` |`argument` is an `std::pair` whose `first` field matches `m1` and `second` field matches `m2`. | -|`Property(&class::property, m)`|`argument.property()` (or `argument->property()` when `argument` is a plain pointer) matches matcher `m`, where `argument` is an object of type _class_.| - -## Matching the Result of a Function or Functor ## - -|`ResultOf(f, m)`|`f(argument)` matches matcher `m`, where `f` is a function or functor.| -|:---------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------| - -## Pointer Matchers ## - -|`Pointee(m)`|`argument` (either a smart pointer or a raw pointer) points to a value that matches matcher `m`.| -|:-----------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| - -## Multiargument Matchers ## - -Technically, all matchers match a _single_ value. A "multi-argument" -matcher is just one that matches a _tuple_. The following matchers can -be used to match a tuple `(x, y)`: - -|`Eq()`|`x == y`| -|:-----|:-------| -|`Ge()`|`x >= y`| -|`Gt()`|`x > y` | -|`Le()`|`x <= y`| -|`Lt()`|`x < y` | -|`Ne()`|`x != y`| - -You can use the following selectors to pick a subset of the arguments -(or reorder them) to participate in the matching: - -|`AllArgs(m)`|Equivalent to `m`. Useful as syntactic sugar in `.With(AllArgs(m))`.| -|:-----------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`Args<N1, N2, ..., Nk>(m)`|The tuple of the `k` selected (using 0-based indices) arguments matches `m`, e.g. `Args<1, 2>(Eq())`.| - -## Composite Matchers ## - -You can make a matcher from one or more other matchers: - -|`AllOf(m1, m2, ..., mn)`|`argument` matches all of the matchers `m1` to `mn`.| -|:-----------------------|:---------------------------------------------------| -|`AnyOf(m1, m2, ..., mn)`|`argument` matches at least one of the matchers `m1` to `mn`.| -|`Not(m)` |`argument` doesn't match matcher `m`. | - -## Adapters for Matchers ## - -|`MatcherCast<T>(m)`|casts matcher `m` to type `Matcher<T>`.| -|:------------------|:--------------------------------------| -|`SafeMatcherCast<T>(m)`| [safely casts](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_6_CookBook#Casting_Matchers) matcher `m` to type `Matcher<T>`. | -|`Truly(predicate)` |`predicate(argument)` returns something considered by C++ to be true, where `predicate` is a function or functor.| - -## Matchers as Predicates ## - -|`Matches(m)(value)`|evaluates to `true` if `value` matches `m`. You can use `Matches(m)` alone as a unary functor.| -|:------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`ExplainMatchResult(m, value, result_listener)`|evaluates to `true` if `value` matches `m`, explaining the result to `result_listener`. | -|`Value(value, m)` |evaluates to `true` if `value` matches `m`. | - -## Defining Matchers ## - -| `MATCHER(IsEven, "") { return (arg % 2) == 0; }` | Defines a matcher `IsEven()` to match an even number. | -|:-------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------| -| `MATCHER_P(IsDivisibleBy, n, "") { *result_listener << "where the remainder is " << (arg % n); return (arg % n) == 0; }` | Defines a macher `IsDivisibleBy(n)` to match a number divisible by `n`. | -| `MATCHER_P2(IsBetween, a, b, std::string(negation ? "isn't" : "is") + " between " + PrintToString(a) + " and " + PrintToString(b)) { return a <= arg && arg <= b; }` | Defines a matcher `IsBetween(a, b)` to match a value in the range [`a`, `b`]. | - -**Notes:** - - 1. The `MATCHER*` macros cannot be used inside a function or class. - 1. The matcher body must be _purely functional_ (i.e. it cannot have any side effect, and the result must not depend on anything other than the value being matched and the matcher parameters). - 1. You can use `PrintToString(x)` to convert a value `x` of any type to a string. - -## Matchers as Test Assertions ## - -|`ASSERT_THAT(expression, m)`|Generates a [fatal failure](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/V1_6_Primer#Assertions) if the value of `expression` doesn't match matcher `m`.| -|:---------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`EXPECT_THAT(expression, m)`|Generates a non-fatal failure if the value of `expression` doesn't match matcher `m`. | - -# Actions # - -**Actions** specify what a mock function should do when invoked. - -## Returning a Value ## - -|`Return()`|Return from a `void` mock function.| -|:---------|:----------------------------------| -|`Return(value)`|Return `value`. If the type of `value` is different to the mock function's return type, `value` is converted to the latter type <i>at the time the expectation is set</i>, not when the action is executed.| -|`ReturnArg<N>()`|Return the `N`-th (0-based) argument.| -|`ReturnNew<T>(a1, ..., ak)`|Return `new T(a1, ..., ak)`; a different object is created each time.| -|`ReturnNull()`|Return a null pointer. | -|`ReturnPointee(ptr)`|Return the value pointed to by `ptr`.| -|`ReturnRef(variable)`|Return a reference to `variable`. | -|`ReturnRefOfCopy(value)`|Return a reference to a copy of `value`; the copy lives as long as the action.| - -## Side Effects ## - -|`Assign(&variable, value)`|Assign `value` to variable.| -|:-------------------------|:--------------------------| -| `DeleteArg<N>()` | Delete the `N`-th (0-based) argument, which must be a pointer. | -| `SaveArg<N>(pointer)` | Save the `N`-th (0-based) argument to `*pointer`. | -| `SaveArgPointee<N>(pointer)` | Save the value pointed to by the `N`-th (0-based) argument to `*pointer`. | -| `SetArgReferee<N>(value)` | Assign value to the variable referenced by the `N`-th (0-based) argument. | -|`SetArgPointee<N>(value)` |Assign `value` to the variable pointed by the `N`-th (0-based) argument.| -|`SetArgumentPointee<N>(value)`|Same as `SetArgPointee<N>(value)`. Deprecated. Will be removed in v1.7.0.| -|`SetArrayArgument<N>(first, last)`|Copies the elements in source range [`first`, `last`) to the array pointed to by the `N`-th (0-based) argument, which can be either a pointer or an iterator. The action does not take ownership of the elements in the source range.| -|`SetErrnoAndReturn(error, value)`|Set `errno` to `error` and return `value`.| -|`Throw(exception)` |Throws the given exception, which can be any copyable value. Available since v1.1.0.| - -## Using a Function or a Functor as an Action ## - -|`Invoke(f)`|Invoke `f` with the arguments passed to the mock function, where `f` can be a global/static function or a functor.| -|:----------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`Invoke(object_pointer, &class::method)`|Invoke the {method on the object with the arguments passed to the mock function. | -|`InvokeWithoutArgs(f)`|Invoke `f`, which can be a global/static function or a functor. `f` must take no arguments. | -|`InvokeWithoutArgs(object_pointer, &class::method)`|Invoke the method on the object, which takes no arguments. | -|`InvokeArgument<N>(arg1, arg2, ..., argk)`|Invoke the mock function's `N`-th (0-based) argument, which must be a function or a functor, with the `k` arguments.| - -The return value of the invoked function is used as the return value -of the action. - -When defining a function or functor to be used with `Invoke*()`, you can declare any unused parameters as `Unused`: -``` - double Distance(Unused, double x, double y) { return sqrt(x*x + y*y); } - ... - EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo("Hi", _, _)).WillOnce(Invoke(Distance)); -``` - -In `InvokeArgument<N>(...)`, if an argument needs to be passed by reference, wrap it inside `ByRef()`. For example, -``` - InvokeArgument<2>(5, string("Hi"), ByRef(foo)) -``` -calls the mock function's #2 argument, passing to it `5` and `string("Hi")` by value, and `foo` by reference. - -## Default Action ## - -|`DoDefault()`|Do the default action (specified by `ON_CALL()` or the built-in one).| -|:------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------| - -**Note:** due to technical reasons, `DoDefault()` cannot be used inside a composite action - trying to do so will result in a run-time error. - -## Composite Actions ## - -|`DoAll(a1, a2, ..., an)`|Do all actions `a1` to `an` and return the result of `an` in each invocation. The first `n - 1` sub-actions must return void. | -|:-----------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -|`IgnoreResult(a)` |Perform action `a` and ignore its result. `a` must not return void. | -|`WithArg<N>(a)` |Pass the `N`-th (0-based) argument of the mock function to action `a` and perform it. | -|`WithArgs<N1, N2, ..., Nk>(a)`|Pass the selected (0-based) arguments of the mock function to action `a` and perform it. | -|`WithoutArgs(a)` |Perform action `a` without any arguments. | - -## Defining Actions ## - -| `ACTION(Sum) { return arg0 + arg1; }` | Defines an action `Sum()` to return the sum of the mock function's argument #0 and #1. | -|:--------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -| `ACTION_P(Plus, n) { return arg0 + n; }` | Defines an action `Plus(n)` to return the sum of the mock function's argument #0 and `n`. | -| `ACTION_Pk(Foo, p1, ..., pk) { statements; }` | Defines a parameterized action `Foo(p1, ..., pk)` to execute the given `statements`. | - -The `ACTION*` macros cannot be used inside a function or class. - -# Cardinalities # - -These are used in `Times()` to specify how many times a mock function will be called: - -|`AnyNumber()`|The function can be called any number of times.| -|:------------|:----------------------------------------------| -|`AtLeast(n)` |The call is expected at least `n` times. | -|`AtMost(n)` |The call is expected at most `n` times. | -|`Between(m, n)`|The call is expected between `m` and `n` (inclusive) times.| -|`Exactly(n) or n`|The call is expected exactly `n` times. In particular, the call should never happen when `n` is 0.| - -# Expectation Order # - -By default, the expectations can be matched in _any_ order. If some -or all expectations must be matched in a given order, there are two -ways to specify it. They can be used either independently or -together. - -## The After Clause ## - -``` -using ::testing::Expectation; -... -Expectation init_x = EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitX()); -Expectation init_y = EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitY()); -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .After(init_x, init_y); -``` -says that `Bar()` can be called only after both `InitX()` and -`InitY()` have been called. - -If you don't know how many pre-requisites an expectation has when you -write it, you can use an `ExpectationSet` to collect them: - -``` -using ::testing::ExpectationSet; -... -ExpectationSet all_inits; -for (int i = 0; i < element_count; i++) { - all_inits += EXPECT_CALL(foo, InitElement(i)); -} -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Bar()) - .After(all_inits); -``` -says that `Bar()` can be called only after all elements have been -initialized (but we don't care about which elements get initialized -before the others). - -Modifying an `ExpectationSet` after using it in an `.After()` doesn't -affect the meaning of the `.After()`. - -## Sequences ## - -When you have a long chain of sequential expectations, it's easier to -specify the order using **sequences**, which don't require you to given -each expectation in the chain a different name. <i>All expected<br> -calls</i> in the same sequence must occur in the order they are -specified. - -``` -using ::testing::Sequence; -Sequence s1, s2; -... -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Reset()) - .InSequence(s1, s2) - .WillOnce(Return(true)); -EXPECT_CALL(foo, GetSize()) - .InSequence(s1) - .WillOnce(Return(1)); -EXPECT_CALL(foo, Describe(A<const char*>())) - .InSequence(s2) - .WillOnce(Return("dummy")); -``` -says that `Reset()` must be called before _both_ `GetSize()` _and_ -`Describe()`, and the latter two can occur in any order. - -To put many expectations in a sequence conveniently: -``` -using ::testing::InSequence; -{ - InSequence dummy; - - EXPECT_CALL(...)...; - EXPECT_CALL(...)...; - ... - EXPECT_CALL(...)...; -} -``` -says that all expected calls in the scope of `dummy` must occur in -strict order. The name `dummy` is irrelevant.) - -# Verifying and Resetting a Mock # - -Google Mock will verify the expectations on a mock object when it is destructed, or you can do it earlier: -``` -using ::testing::Mock; -... -// Verifies and removes the expectations on mock_obj; -// returns true iff successful. -Mock::VerifyAndClearExpectations(&mock_obj); -... -// Verifies and removes the expectations on mock_obj; -// also removes the default actions set by ON_CALL(); -// returns true iff successful. -Mock::VerifyAndClear(&mock_obj); -``` - -You can also tell Google Mock that a mock object can be leaked and doesn't -need to be verified: -``` -Mock::AllowLeak(&mock_obj); -``` - -# Mock Classes # - -Google Mock defines a convenient mock class template -``` -class MockFunction<R(A1, ..., An)> { - public: - MOCK_METHODn(Call, R(A1, ..., An)); -}; -``` -See this [recipe](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/V1_6_CookBook#Using_Check_Points) for one application of it. - -# Flags # - -| `--gmock_catch_leaked_mocks=0` | Don't report leaked mock objects as failures. | -|:-------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------| -| `--gmock_verbose=LEVEL` | Sets the default verbosity level (`info`, `warning`, or `error`) of Google Mock messages. |
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