path: root/src/H5Znbit.c

/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 * Copyright by The HDF Group.                                               *
 * Copyright by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois.         *
 * All rights reserved.                                                      *
 *                                                                           *
 * This file is part of HDF5.  The full HDF5 copyright notice, including     *
 * terms governing use, modification, and redistribution, is contained in    *
 * the COPYING file, which can be found at the root of the source code       *
 * distribution tree, or in https://support.hdfgroup.org/ftp/HDF5/releases.  *
 * If you do not have access to either file, you may request a copy from     *
 * help@hdfgroup.org.                                                        *
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */

#define H5Z_PACKAGE		/*suppress error about including H5Zpkg	  */

#include "H5private.h"		/* Generic Functions			*/
#include "H5Eprivate.h"		/* Error handling		  	*/
#include "H5Iprivate.h"		/* IDs			  		*/
#include "H5MMprivate.h"	/* Memory management			*/
#include "H5Ppublic.h"		/* Property lists			*/
#include "H5Oprivate.h"         /* Object headers                       */
#include "H5Sprivate.h"		/* Dataspaces         			*/
#include "H5Tprivate.h"		/* Datatypes         			*/
#include "H5Zpkg.h"		/* Data filters				*/

/* Struct of parameters needed for compressing/decompressing
 * one nbit atomic datatype: integer or floating-point
 */
typedef struct {
   size_t size;   /* size of datatype */
   int order;     /* datatype endianness order */
   int precision; /* datatype precision */
   int offset;    /* datatype offset */
} parms_atomic;

/* Local function prototypes */
static htri_t H5Z_can_apply_nbit(hid_t dcpl_id, hid_t type_id, hid_t space_id);
static herr_t H5Z_set_local_nbit(hid_t dcpl_id, hid_t type_id, hid_t space_id);
static size_t H5Z_filter_nbit(unsigned flags, size_t cd_nelmts, const unsigned cd_values[],
                              size_t nbytes, size_t *buf_size, void **buf);

static void H5Z_calc_parms_nooptype(void);
static void H5Z_calc_parms_atomic(void);
static herr_t H5Z_calc_parms_array(const H5T_t *type);
static herr_t H5Z_calc_parms_compound(const H5T_t *type);

static herr_t H5Z_set_parms_nooptype(const H5T_t *type, unsigned cd_values[]);
static herr_t H5Z_set_parms_atomic(const H5T_t *type, unsigned cd_values[]);
static herr_t H5Z_set_parms_array(const H5T_t *type, unsigned cd_values[]);
static herr_t H5Z_set_parms_compound(const H5T_t *type, unsigned cd_values[]);

static void H5Z_nbit_next_byte(size_t *j, int *buf_len);
static void H5Z_nbit_decompress_one_byte(unsigned char *data, size_t data_offset, int k, int begin_i,
int end_i, unsigned char *buffer, size_t *j, int *buf_len, parms_atomic p, int datatype_len);
static void H5Z_nbit_compress_one_byte(unsigned char *data, size_t data_offset, int k, int begin_i,
int end_i, unsigned char *buffer, size_t *j, int *buf_len, parms_atomic p, int datatype_len);
static void H5Z_nbit_decompress_one_nooptype(unsigned char *data, size_t data_offset,
                       unsigned char *buffer, size_t *j, int *buf_len, unsigned size);
static void H5Z_nbit_decompress_one_atomic(unsigned char *data, size_t data_offset,
                    unsigned char *buffer, size_t *j, int *buf_len, parms_atomic p);
static herr_t H5Z__nbit_decompress_one_array(unsigned char *data, size_t data_offset,
           unsigned char *buffer, size_t *j, int *buf_len, const unsigned parms[]);
static herr_t H5Z__nbit_decompress_one_compound(unsigned char *data, size_t data_offset,
              unsigned char *buffer, size_t *j, int *buf_len, const unsigned parms[]);
static herr_t H5Z__nbit_decompress(unsigned char *data, unsigned d_nelmts, unsigned char *buffer,
                                const unsigned parms[]);
static void H5Z_nbit_compress_one_nooptype(unsigned char *data, size_t data_offset,
                     unsigned char *buffer, size_t *j, int *buf_len, unsigned size);
static void H5Z_nbit_compress_one_atomic(unsigned char *data, size_t data_offset,
                  unsigned char *buffer, size_t *j, int *buf_len, parms_atomic p);
static void H5Z_nbit_compress_one_array(unsigned char *data, size_t data_offset,
         unsigned char *buffer, size_t *j, int *buf_len, const unsigned parms[]);
static void H5Z_nbit_compress_one_compound(unsigned char *data, size_t data_offset,
            unsigned char *buffer, size_t *j, int *buf_len, const unsigned parms[]);
static void H5Z_nbit_compress(unsigned char *data, unsigned d_nelmts, unsigned char *buffer,
                              size_t *buffer_size, const unsigned parms[]);

/* This message derives from H5Z */
H5Z_class2_t H5Z_NBIT[1] = {{
    H5Z_CLASS_T_VERS,       /* H5Z_class_t version */
    H5Z_FILTER_NBIT,		/* Filter id number		*/
    1,              /* Assume encoder present: check before registering */
    1,                  /* decoder_present flag (set to true) */
    "nbit",			    /* Filter name for debugging	*/
    H5Z_can_apply_nbit,		/* The "can apply" callback     */
    H5Z_set_local_nbit,         /* The "set local" callback     */
    H5Z_filter_nbit,		/* The actual filter function	*/
}};

/* Local macros */
#define H5Z_NBIT_ATOMIC          1     /* Atomic datatype class: integer/floating-point */
#define H5Z_NBIT_ARRAY           2     /* Array datatype class */
#define H5Z_NBIT_COMPOUND        3     /* Compound datatype class */
#define H5Z_NBIT_NOOPTYPE        4     /* Other datatype class: nbit does no compression */
#define H5Z_NBIT_MAX_NPARMS      4096  /* Max number of parameters for filter */
#define H5Z_NBIT_ORDER_LE        0     /* Little endian for datatype byte order */
#define H5Z_NBIT_ORDER_BE        1     /* Big endian for datatype byte order */

/* Local variables */
/*
 * cd_values_index: index of array cd_values inside function H5Z_set_local_nbit
 * cd_values_actual_nparms: number of parameters in array cd_values[]
 * need_not_compress: flag if TRUE indicating no need to do nbit compression
 * parms_index: index of array parms used by compression/decompression functions
 */
static unsigned cd_values_index = 0;
static size_t cd_values_actual_nparms = 0;
static unsigned char need_not_compress = FALSE;
static unsigned parms_index = 0;


/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:	H5Z_can_apply_nbit
 *
 * Purpose:	Check the parameters for nbit compression for validity and
 *              whether they fit a particular dataset.
 *
 * Return:	Success: Non-negative
 *		Failure: Negative
 *
 * Programmer:  Xiaowen Wu
 *              Tuesday, December 21, 2004
 *
 * Modifications:
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static htri_t
H5Z_can_apply_nbit(hid_t H5_ATTR_UNUSED dcpl_id, hid_t type_id, hid_t H5_ATTR_UNUSED space_id)
{
    const H5T_t	*type;                  /* Datatype */
    htri_t ret_value = TRUE;            /* Return value */

    FUNC_ENTER_NOAPI_NOINIT

    /* Get datatype */
    if(NULL == (type = (H5T_t *)H5I_object_verify(type_id, H5I_DATATYPE)))
	HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_ARGS, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "not a datatype")

    /* Get datatype's class, for checking the "datatype class" */
    if(H5T_get_class(type, TRUE) == H5T_NO_CLASS)
	HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "bad datatype class")

    /* Get datatype's size, for checking the "datatype size" */
    if(H5T_get_size(type) == 0)
	HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "bad datatype size")

done:
    FUNC_LEAVE_NOAPI(ret_value)
} /* end H5Z_can_apply_nbit() */


/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:    H5Z_calc_parms_nooptype
 *
 * Purpose:     Calculate the number of parameters of array cd_values[]
 *              of datatype that is not integer, nor floating-point, nor
 *              compound, and nor array.
 *
 * Programmer:  Xiaowen Wu
 *              Thursday, March 3, 2005
 *
 * Modifications:
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static void H5Z_calc_parms_nooptype(void)
{
    /* Store datatype class code */
    ++cd_values_actual_nparms;

    /* Store datatype size */
    ++cd_values_actual_nparms;
}


/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:    H5Z_calc_parms_atomic
 *
 * Purpose:     Calculate the number of parameters of array cd_values[]
 *              of atomic datatype whose datatype class is integer
 *              or floating point
 *
 * Programmer:  Xiaowen Wu
 *              Saturday, January 29, 2005
 *
 * Modifications:
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static void H5Z_calc_parms_atomic(void)
{
    /* Store datatype class code */
    ++cd_values_actual_nparms;

    /* Store datatype size */
    ++cd_values_actual_nparms;

    /* Store datatype endianness */
    ++cd_values_actual_nparms;

    /* Store datatype's precision */
    ++cd_values_actual_nparms;

    /* Store datatype's offset */
    ++cd_values_actual_nparms;
}


/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:    H5Z_calc_parms_array
 *
 * Purpose:     Calculate the number of parameters of array cd_values[]
 *              for a given datatype identifier type_id
 *              if its datatype class is array datatype
 *
 * Return:      Success: Non-negative
 *              Failure: Negative
 *
 * Programmer:  Xiaowen Wu
 *              Wednesday, January 19, 2005
 *
 * Modifications:
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static herr_t
H5Z_calc_parms_array(const H5T_t *type)
{
    H5T_t *dtype_base = NULL;      /* Array datatype's base datatype */
    H5T_class_t dtype_base_class;  /* Array datatype's base datatype's class */
    herr_t ret_value = SUCCEED;    /* Return value */

    FUNC_ENTER_NOAPI_NOINIT

    /* Store datatype class code */
    ++cd_values_actual_nparms;

    /* Store array datatype's size */
    ++cd_values_actual_nparms;

    /* Get array datatype's base datatype */
    if(NULL == (dtype_base = H5T_get_super(type)))
        HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "bad base datatype")

    /* Get base datatype's class */
    if((dtype_base_class = H5T_get_class(dtype_base, TRUE)) == H5T_NO_CLASS)
        HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "bad base datatype class")

    /* Calculate number of the rest parameters according to base datatype's class */
    switch(dtype_base_class) {
        case H5T_INTEGER:
        case H5T_FLOAT:
            H5Z_calc_parms_atomic();
            break;

        case H5T_ARRAY:
            if(H5Z_calc_parms_array(dtype_base) == FAIL)
                HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "nbit cannot compute parameters for datatype")
            break;

        case H5T_COMPOUND:
            if(H5Z_calc_parms_compound(dtype_base) == FAIL)
                HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "nbit cannot compute parameters for datatype")
            break;

        default: /* Other datatype class: nbit does no compression */
            H5Z_calc_parms_nooptype();
            break;
    } /* end switch */

done:
    if(dtype_base)
        if(H5T_close(dtype_base) < 0)
            HDONE_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_CLOSEERROR, FAIL, "Unable to close base datatype")

    FUNC_LEAVE_NOAPI(ret_value)
} /* end H5Z_calc_parms_array() */


/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:    H5Z_calc_parms_compound
 *
 * Purpose:     Calculate the number of parameters of array cd_values[]
 *              for a given datatype identifier type_id
 *              if its datatype class is compound datatype
 *
 * Return:      Success: Non-negative
 *              Failure: Negative
 *
 * Programmer:  Xiaowen Wu
 *              Wednesday, January 19, 2005
 *
 * Modifications:
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static herr_t
H5Z_calc_parms_compound(const H5T_t *type)
{
    int         nmembers;           /* Compound datatype's number of members */
    H5T_t *dtype_member = NULL;     /* Compound datatype's member datatype */
    H5T_class_t dtype_member_class; /* Compound datatype's member datatype's class */
    unsigned    u;                  /* Local index variable */
    herr_t ret_value = SUCCEED;     /* Return value */

    FUNC_ENTER_NOAPI_NOINIT

    /* Store compound datatype class code */
    ++cd_values_actual_nparms;

    /* Store compound datatype's size */
    ++cd_values_actual_nparms;

    /* Get number of members */
    if((nmembers = H5T_get_nmembers(type)) < 0)
        HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "bad datatype number of members")

    /* Store number of members */
    ++cd_values_actual_nparms;

    /* For each member, calculate parameters */
    for(u = 0; u < (unsigned)nmembers; u++) {
        /* Get member datatype */
        if(NULL == (dtype_member = H5T_get_member_type(type, u, H5T_COPY_TRANSIENT)))
            HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "bad member datatype")

        /* Get member datatype's class */
        if((dtype_member_class = H5T_get_class(dtype_member, TRUE)) == H5T_NO_CLASS)
            HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "bad member datatype class")

        /* Store member offset */
        ++cd_values_actual_nparms;

        /* Calculate parameters according to member's datatype class */
        switch(dtype_member_class) {
            case H5T_INTEGER:
            case H5T_FLOAT:
                H5Z_calc_parms_atomic();
                break;

            case H5T_ARRAY:
                if(H5Z_calc_parms_array(dtype_member) == FAIL)
                    HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "nbit cannot compute parameters for datatype")
                break;

            case H5T_COMPOUND:
                if(H5Z_calc_parms_compound(dtype_member) == FAIL)
                    HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "nbit cannot compute parameters for datatype")
                break;

            default: /* Other datatype class: nbit does no compression */
                H5Z_calc_parms_nooptype();
                break;
        } /* end switch */

        /* Close member datatype */
        if(H5T_close(dtype_member) < 0)
            HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_CLOSEERROR, FAIL, "Unable to close member datatype")
        dtype_member = NULL;
    } /* end for */

done:
    if(dtype_member)
        if(H5T_close(dtype_member) < 0)
            HDONE_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_CLOSEERROR, FAIL, "Unable to close member datatype")

    FUNC_LEAVE_NOAPI(ret_value)
} /* end H5Z_calc_params_compound */


/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:    H5Z_set_parms_nooptype
 *
 * Purpose:     Set the array cd_values[] for a given datatype identifier
 *              type_id if its datatype class is not integer, nor
 *              floating-point, nor array, nor compound, nor VL datatype,
 *              and nor VL string
 *
 * Return:      Success: Non-negative
 *              Failure: Negative
 *
 * Programmer:  Xiaowen Wu
 *              Tuesday, April 5, 2005
 *
 * Modifications:
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static herr_t
H5Z_set_parms_nooptype(const H5T_t *type, unsigned cd_values[])
{
    size_t dtype_size;          /* No-op datatype's size (in bytes) */
    herr_t ret_value = SUCCEED; /* Return value */

    FUNC_ENTER_NOAPI_NOINIT

    /* Set datatype class code */
    cd_values[cd_values_index++] = H5Z_NBIT_NOOPTYPE;

    /* Get datatype's size */
    if((dtype_size = H5T_get_size(type)) == 0)
	HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "bad datatype size")

    /* Set "local" parameter for datatype size */
    cd_values[cd_values_index++] = dtype_size;

done:
    FUNC_LEAVE_NOAPI(ret_value)
} /* end H5Z_set_parms_nooptype() */


/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:    H5Z_set_parms_atomic
 *
 * Purpose:     Set the array cd_values[] for a given datatype identifier
 *              type_id if its datatype class is integer or floating point
 *
 * Return:      Success: Non-negative
 *              Failure: Negative
 *
 * Programmer:  Xiaowen Wu
 *              Tuesday, January 11, 2005
 *
 * Modifications:
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static herr_t
H5Z_set_parms_atomic(const H5T_t *type, unsigned cd_values[])
{
    H5T_order_t dtype_order;    /* Atomic datatype's endianness order */
    size_t dtype_size;          /* Atomic datatype's size (in bytes) */
    size_t dtype_precision;     /* Atomic datatype's precision (in bits) */
    int dtype_offset;           /* Atomic datatype's offset (in bits) */
    herr_t ret_value = SUCCEED; /* Return value */

    FUNC_ENTER_NOAPI_NOINIT

    /* Set datatype class code */
    cd_values[cd_values_index++] = H5Z_NBIT_ATOMIC;

    /* Get datatype's size */
    if((dtype_size = H5T_get_size(type)) == 0)
	HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "bad datatype size")

    /* Set "local" parameter for datatype size */
    cd_values[cd_values_index++] = dtype_size;

    /* Get datatype's endianness order */
    if((dtype_order = H5T_get_order(type)) == H5T_ORDER_ERROR)
        HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "bad datatype endianness order")

    /* Set "local" parameter for datatype endianness */
    switch(dtype_order) {
        case H5T_ORDER_LE:      /* Little-endian byte order */
            cd_values[cd_values_index++] = H5Z_NBIT_ORDER_LE;
            break;

        case H5T_ORDER_BE:      /* Big-endian byte order */
            cd_values[cd_values_index++] = H5Z_NBIT_ORDER_BE;
            break;

        default:
            HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "bad datatype endianness order")
    } /* end switch */

    /* Get datatype's precision */
    if((dtype_precision = H5T_get_precision(type)) == 0)
        HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "bad datatype precision")

    /* Get datatype's offset */
    if((dtype_offset = H5T_get_offset(type)) < 0)
        HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "bad datatype offset")

    /* Check values of precision and offset */
    if(dtype_precision > dtype_size * 8 || (dtype_precision + dtype_offset) > dtype_size * 8
            || dtype_precision <= 0 || dtype_offset < 0)
        HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "invalid datatype precision/offset")

    /* Set "local" parameter for datatype precision */
    cd_values[cd_values_index++] = dtype_precision;

    /* Set "local" parameter for datatype offset */
    cd_values[cd_values_index++] = dtype_offset;

    /* If before this point, there is no need to compress, check the need to
     * compress at this point. If current datatype is not full-precision,
     * flag need_not_compress should be set to FALSE.
     */
    if(need_not_compress) /* so far no need to compress */
       if(dtype_offset != 0 || dtype_precision != dtype_size * 8)
          need_not_compress = FALSE;
done:
    FUNC_LEAVE_NOAPI(ret_value)
} /* end H5Z_set_parms_atomic() */


/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:    H5Z_set_parms_array
 *
 * Purpose:     Set the array cd_values[] for a given datatype identifier
 *              type_id if its datatype class is array datatype
 *
 * Return:      Success: Non-negative
 *              Failure: Negative
 *
 * Programmer:  Xiaowen Wu
 *              Tuesday, April 5, 2005
 *
 * Modifications:
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static herr_t
H5Z_set_parms_array(const H5T_t *type, unsigned cd_values[])
{
    H5T_t *dtype_base = NULL;      /* Array datatype's base datatype */
    H5T_class_t dtype_base_class;  /* Array datatype's base datatype's class */
    size_t dtype_size;             /* Array datatype's size (in bytes) */
    htri_t is_vlstring;            /* flag indicating if datatype is varible-length string */
    herr_t ret_value=SUCCEED;      /* Return value */

    FUNC_ENTER_NOAPI_NOINIT

    /* Set datatype class code */
    cd_values[cd_values_index++] = H5Z_NBIT_ARRAY;

    /* Get array datatype's size */
    if((dtype_size = H5T_get_size(type)) == 0)
	HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "bad datatype size")

    /* Set "local" parameter for array datatype's size */
    cd_values[cd_values_index++]=dtype_size;

    /* Get array datatype's base datatype */
    if(NULL == (dtype_base = H5T_get_super(type)))
        HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "bad base datatype")

    /* Get base datatype's class */
    if((dtype_base_class = H5T_get_class(dtype_base, TRUE)) == H5T_NO_CLASS)
        HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "bad base datatype class")

    /* Call appropriate function according to base datatype's class */
    switch(dtype_base_class) {
        case H5T_INTEGER:
        case H5T_FLOAT:
            if(H5Z_set_parms_atomic(dtype_base, cd_values) == FAIL)
                HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "nbit cannot set parameters for datatype")
            break;

        case H5T_ARRAY:
            if(H5Z_set_parms_array(dtype_base, cd_values) == FAIL)
                HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "nbit cannot set parameters for datatype")
            break;

        case H5T_COMPOUND:
            if(H5Z_set_parms_compound(dtype_base, cd_values) == FAIL)
                HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "nbit cannot set parameters for datatype")
            break;

        default: /* other datatype that nbit does no compression */
            /* Check if base datatype is a variable-length string */
            if((is_vlstring = H5T_is_variable_str(dtype_base)) < 0)
                HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "cannot determine if datatype is a variable-length string")

            /* base datatype of VL or VL-string is not supported */
            if(dtype_base_class == H5T_VLEN || is_vlstring)
                HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "datatype not supported by nbit")

            if(H5Z_set_parms_nooptype(dtype_base, cd_values) == FAIL)
                HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "nbit cannot set parameters for datatype")
            break;
    } /* end switch */

done:
    if(dtype_base)
        if(H5T_close(dtype_base) < 0)
            HDONE_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_CLOSEERROR, FAIL, "Unable to close base datatype")

    FUNC_LEAVE_NOAPI(ret_value)
} /* end H5Z_set_parms_array() */


/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:    H5Z_set_parms_compound
 *
 * Purpose:     Set the array cd_values[] for a given datatype identifier
 *              type_id if its datatype class is compound datatype
 *
 * Return:      Success: Non-negative
 *              Failure: Negative
 *
 * Programmer:  Xiaowen Wu
 *              Tuesday, April 5, 2005
 *
 * Modifications:
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static herr_t
H5Z_set_parms_compound(const H5T_t *type, unsigned cd_values[])
{
    int         nmembers;           /* Compound datatype's number of members */
    H5T_t *dtype_member = NULL;     /* Compound datatype's member datatype */
    H5T_class_t dtype_member_class; /* Compound datatype's member datatype's class */
    size_t dtype_member_offset;     /* Compound datatype's current member datatype's offset (in bytes) */
    size_t dtype_next_member_offset;/* Compound datatype's next member datatype's offset (in bytes) */
    size_t dtype_size;              /* Compound datatype's size (in bytes) */
    htri_t is_vlstring;             /* flag indicating if datatype is varible-length string */
    unsigned u;                     /* Local index variable */
    herr_t ret_value = SUCCEED;     /* Return value */

    FUNC_ENTER_NOAPI_NOINIT

    /* Set "local" parameter for compound datatype class code */
    cd_values[cd_values_index++] = H5Z_NBIT_COMPOUND;

    /* Get datatype's size */
    if((dtype_size = H5T_get_size(type)) == 0)
	HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "bad datatype size")

    /* Set "local" parameter for compound datatype size */
    cd_values[cd_values_index++] = dtype_size;

    /* Get number of members */
    if((nmembers = H5T_get_nmembers(type)) < 0)
        HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "bad datatype number of members")

    /* Set "local" parameter for number of members */
    cd_values[cd_values_index++] = nmembers;

    /* For each member, set parameters */
    for(u = 0; u < (unsigned)nmembers; u++) {
        /* Get member datatype */
        if(NULL == (dtype_member = H5T_get_member_type(type, u, H5T_COPY_TRANSIENT)))
            HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "bad member datatype")

        /* Get member datatype's class */
        if((dtype_member_class = H5T_get_class(dtype_member, TRUE)) < 0)
            HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "bad member datatype class")

        /* Get member offset, success if H5T_get_class() success */
        dtype_member_offset =  H5T_get_member_offset(type, u);

        /* Set "local" parameter for member offset */
        cd_values[cd_values_index++] = dtype_member_offset;

        /* Call appropriate function according to member's datatype class */
        switch(dtype_member_class) {
            case H5T_INTEGER:
            case H5T_FLOAT:
                if(H5Z_set_parms_atomic(dtype_member, cd_values) == FAIL)
                    HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "nbit cannot set parameters for datatype")
                break;

            case H5T_ARRAY:
                if(H5Z_set_parms_array(dtype_member, cd_values) == FAIL)
                    HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "nbit cannot set parameters for datatype")
                break;

            case H5T_COMPOUND:
                if(H5Z_set_parms_compound(dtype_member, cd_values) == FAIL)
                    HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "nbit cannot set parameters for datatype")
                break;

            default: /* other datatype that nbit does no compression */
                /* Check if datatype is a variable-length string */
                if((is_vlstring = H5T_is_variable_str(dtype_member)) < 0)
                    HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "cannot determine if datatype is a variable-length string")

                /* Because for some no-op datatype (VL datatype and VL string datatype), its
		 * size can not be retrieved correctly by using function call H5T_get_size,
		 * special handling is needed for getting the size. Here the difference between
                 * adjacent member offset is used (if alignment is present, the result can be
		 * larger, but it does not affect the nbit filter's correctness).
                 */
                if(dtype_member_class == H5T_VLEN || is_vlstring) {
                    /* Set datatype class code */
                    cd_values[cd_values_index++] = H5Z_NBIT_NOOPTYPE;

                    if(u != (unsigned)nmembers - 1)
                        dtype_next_member_offset = H5T_get_member_offset(type, u + 1);
                    else /* current member is the last member */
                        dtype_next_member_offset = dtype_size;

                    /* Set "local" parameter for datatype size */
                    cd_values[cd_values_index++] = dtype_next_member_offset - dtype_member_offset;
                } else
                    if(H5Z_set_parms_nooptype(dtype_member, cd_values)==FAIL)
                        HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "nbit cannot set parameters for datatype")
                break;
        } /* end switch */

        /* Close member datatype */
        if(H5T_close(dtype_member) < 0)
            HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_CLOSEERROR, FAIL, "Unable to close member datatype")
        dtype_member = NULL;
    } /* end for */

done:
    if(dtype_member)
        if(H5T_close(dtype_member) < 0)
            HDONE_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_CLOSEERROR, FAIL, "Unable to close member datatype")

    FUNC_LEAVE_NOAPI(ret_value)
} /* end H5Z_set_params_compound */


/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:	H5Z_set_local_nbit
 *
 * Purpose:	Set the "local" dataset parameters for nbit compression.
 *
 * Return:	Success: Non-negative
 *		Failure: Negative
 *
 * Programmer:	Xiaowen Wu
 *              Tuesday, January 11, 2005
 *
 * Modifications:
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static herr_t
H5Z_set_local_nbit(hid_t dcpl_id, hid_t type_id, hid_t space_id)
{
    H5P_genplist_t *dcpl_plist;     /* Property list pointer */
    const H5T_t	*type;              /* Datatype */
    const H5S_t	*ds;                /* Dataspace */
    unsigned flags;                 /* Filter flags */
    size_t cd_nelmts = H5Z_NBIT_USER_NPARMS;  /* Number of filter parameters */
    unsigned *cd_values = NULL;     /* Filter parameters */
    hssize_t npoints;               /* Number of points in the dataspace */
    H5T_class_t dtype_class;        /* Datatype's class */
    herr_t ret_value = SUCCEED;     /* Return value */

    FUNC_ENTER_NOAPI_NOINIT

    /* Get datatype */
    if(NULL == (type = (H5T_t *)H5I_object_verify(type_id, H5I_DATATYPE)))
	HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_ARGS, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "not a datatype")

    /* Get datatype's class */
    if((dtype_class = H5T_get_class(type, TRUE)) == H5T_NO_CLASS)
	HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "bad datatype class")

    /* Calculate how many parameters will fill the cd_values array
     * First three parameters reserved for:
     *   1. number of parameters in array cd_values
     *   2. flag if TRUE indicating no need to do nbit compression
     *   3. number of elements in the chunk
     */
    cd_values_actual_nparms = 3;
    switch(dtype_class) {
        case H5T_INTEGER:
        case H5T_FLOAT:
            H5Z_calc_parms_atomic();
            break;

        case H5T_ARRAY:
            if(H5Z_calc_parms_array(type) == FAIL)
                HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "nbit cannot compute parameters for datatype")
            break;

        case H5T_COMPOUND:
            if(H5Z_calc_parms_compound(type) == FAIL)
                HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "nbit cannot compute parameters for datatype")
            break;

        default: /* no need to calculate other datatypes at top level */
             break;
    } /* end switch */

    /* Check if the number of parameters exceed what cd_values[] can store */
    if(cd_values_actual_nparms > H5Z_NBIT_MAX_NPARMS)
        HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "datatype needs too many nbit parameters")

    /* Allocate memory space for cd_values[] */
    if(NULL == (cd_values = (unsigned *)H5MM_malloc(cd_values_actual_nparms * sizeof(unsigned))))
        HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_RESOURCE, H5E_NOSPACE, FAIL, "memory allocation failed for cd_values[]")

    /* Get the plist structure */
    if(NULL == (dcpl_plist = H5P_object_verify(dcpl_id, H5P_DATASET_CREATE)))
        HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_ATOM, H5E_BADATOM, FAIL, "can't find object for ID")

    /* Get the filter's current parameters */
    if(H5P_get_filter_by_id(dcpl_plist, H5Z_FILTER_NBIT, &flags, &cd_nelmts, cd_values, (size_t)0, NULL, NULL) < 0)
	HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_CANTGET, FAIL, "can't get nbit parameters")

    /* Get dataspace */
    if(NULL == (ds = (H5S_t *)H5I_object_verify(space_id, H5I_DATASPACE)))
        HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_ARGS, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "not a data space")

    /* Get total number of elements in the chunk */
    if((npoints = H5S_GET_EXTENT_NPOINTS(ds)) < 0)
        HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_CANTGET, FAIL, "unable to get number of points in the dataspace")
    HDassert(npoints);

    /* Initialize index for cd_values array starting from the third entry */
    cd_values_index = 2;

    /* Set "local" parameter for number of elements in the chunk */
    H5_CHECKED_ASSIGN(cd_values[cd_values_index++], unsigned, npoints, hssize_t);

    /* Assume no need to compress now, will be changed to FALSE later if not */
    need_not_compress = TRUE;

    /* Call appropriate function according to the datatype class */
    switch(dtype_class) {
        case H5T_INTEGER:
        case H5T_FLOAT:
            if(H5Z_set_parms_atomic(type, cd_values) < 0)
                HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "nbit cannot set parameters for datatype")
            break;

        case H5T_ARRAY:
            if(H5Z_set_parms_array(type, cd_values) < 0)
                HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "nbit cannot set parameters for datatype")
            break;

        case H5T_COMPOUND:
            if(H5Z_set_parms_compound(type, cd_values) < 0)
                HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "nbit cannot set parameters for datatype")
            break;

        default: /* no need to set parameters for other datatypes at top level */
             break;
    } /* end switch */

    /* Check if calculation of parameters matches with setting of parameters */
    HDassert(cd_values_actual_nparms == cd_values_index);

    /* Finally set the first two entries of cd_values[] */
    cd_values[0] = cd_values_actual_nparms;
    cd_values[1] = need_not_compress;

    /* Modify the filter's parameters for this dataset */
    if(H5P_modify_filter(dcpl_plist, H5Z_FILTER_NBIT, flags, cd_values_actual_nparms, cd_values) < 0)
	HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_CANTSET, FAIL, "can't set local nbit parameters")

done:
    if(cd_values)
	H5MM_xfree(cd_values);

    FUNC_LEAVE_NOAPI(ret_value)
} /* end H5Z_set_local_nbit() */


/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Function:	H5Z_filter_nbit
 *
 * Purpose:	Implement an I/O filter for storing packed nbit data
 *
 * Return:	Success: Size of buffer filtered
 *		Failure: 0
 *
 * Programmer:	Xiaowen Wu
 *              Friday, January 21, 2005
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static size_t
H5Z_filter_nbit(unsigned flags, size_t cd_nelmts, const unsigned cd_values[],
                size_t nbytes, size_t *buf_size, void **buf)
{
    unsigned char *outbuf;      /* pointer to new output buffer */
    size_t size_out  = 0;       /* size of output buffer */
    unsigned d_nelmts = 0;      /* number of elements in the chunk */
    size_t ret_value = 0;       /* return value */

    FUNC_ENTER_NOAPI_NOINIT

    /* check arguments
     * cd_values[0] stores actual number of parameters in cd_values[]
     */
    if(cd_nelmts != cd_values[0])
	HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_ARGS, H5E_BADVALUE, 0, "invalid nbit aggression level")

    /* check if need to do nbit compress or decompress
     * cd_values[1] stores the flag if true indicating no need to compress
     */
    if(cd_values[1])
        HGOTO_DONE(*buf_size)

    /* copy a filter parameter to d_nelmts */
    d_nelmts = cd_values[2];

    /* input; decompress */
    if(flags & H5Z_FLAG_REVERSE) {
        size_out = d_nelmts * cd_values[4]; /* cd_values[4] stores datatype size */

        /* allocate memory space for decompressed buffer */
        if(NULL == (outbuf = (unsigned char *)H5MM_malloc(size_out)))
            HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_RESOURCE, H5E_NOSPACE, 0, "memory allocation failed for nbit decompression")

        /* decompress the buffer */
        if(H5Z__nbit_decompress(outbuf, d_nelmts, (unsigned char *)*buf, cd_values) < 0)
            HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_CANTFILTER, 0, "can't decompress buffer")
    } /* end if */
    /* output; compress */
    else {
        HDassert(nbytes == d_nelmts * cd_values[4]);

        size_out = nbytes;

        /* allocate memory space for compressed buffer */
        if(NULL == (outbuf = (unsigned char *)H5MM_malloc(size_out)))
            HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_RESOURCE, H5E_NOSPACE, 0, "memory allocation failed for nbit compression")

        /* compress the buffer, size_out will be changed */
        H5Z_nbit_compress((unsigned char *)*buf, d_nelmts, outbuf, &size_out, cd_values);
    } /* end else */

    /* free the input buffer */
    H5MM_xfree(*buf);

    /* set return values */
    *buf = outbuf;
    *buf_size = size_out;
    ret_value = size_out;

done:
    FUNC_LEAVE_NOAPI(ret_value)
} /* end H5Z_filter_nbit() */

/* ======== Nbit Algorithm ===============================================
 * assume one byte has 8 bit
 * assume padding bit is 0
 * assume size of unsigned char is one byte
 * assume one data item of certain datatype is stored continously in bytes
 * atomic datatype is treated on byte basis
 */

static void
H5Z_nbit_next_byte(size_t *j, int *buf_len)
{
   ++(*j);
   *buf_len = 8 * sizeof(unsigned char);
}

static void
H5Z_nbit_decompress_one_byte(unsigned char *data, size_t data_offset, int k,
    int begin_i, int end_i, unsigned char *buffer, size_t *j, int *buf_len,
    parms_atomic p, int datatype_len)
{
   int dat_len; /* dat_len is the number of bits to be copied in each data byte */
   int uchar_offset;
   unsigned char val; /* value to be copied in each data byte */

   /* initialize value and bits of unsigned char to be copied */
   val = buffer[*j];
   uchar_offset = 0;

   if(begin_i != end_i) { /* significant bits occupy >1 unsigned char */
      if(k == begin_i)
         dat_len = 8 - (datatype_len - p.precision - p.offset) % 8;
      else if(k == end_i) {
         dat_len = 8 - p.offset %8;
         uchar_offset = 8 - dat_len;
      }
      else
         dat_len = 8;
   } else { /* all significant bits in one unsigned char */
      uchar_offset = p.offset % 8;
      dat_len = p.precision;
   }

   if(*buf_len > dat_len) {
      data[data_offset + k] =
      ((val >> (*buf_len - dat_len)) & ~(~0 << dat_len)) << uchar_offset;
      *buf_len -= dat_len;
   } else {
      data[data_offset + k] =
      ((val & ~(~0 << *buf_len)) << (dat_len - *buf_len)) << uchar_offset;
      dat_len -= *buf_len;
      H5Z_nbit_next_byte(j, buf_len);
      if(dat_len == 0) return;

      val = buffer[*j];
      data[data_offset + k] |=
      ((val >> (*buf_len - dat_len)) & ~(~0 << dat_len)) << uchar_offset;
      *buf_len -= dat_len;
   }
}

static void
H5Z_nbit_decompress_one_nooptype(unsigned char *data, size_t data_offset,
                       unsigned char *buffer, size_t *j, int *buf_len, unsigned size)
{
   unsigned i;        /* index */
   unsigned dat_len;  /* dat_len is the number of bits to be copied in each data byte */
   unsigned char val; /* value to be copied in each data byte */

   for(i = 0; i < size; i++) {
      /* initialize value and bits of unsigned char to be copied */
      val = buffer[*j];
      dat_len = sizeof(unsigned char) * 8;

      data[data_offset + i] = ((val & ~(~0 << *buf_len)) << (dat_len - *buf_len));
      dat_len -= *buf_len;
      H5Z_nbit_next_byte(j, buf_len);
      if(dat_len == 0) continue;

      val = buffer[*j];
      data[data_offset + i] |= ((val >> (*buf_len - dat_len)) & ~(~0 << dat_len));
      *buf_len -= dat_len;
   }
}

static void
H5Z_nbit_decompress_one_atomic(unsigned char *data, size_t data_offset,
                    unsigned char *buffer, size_t *j, int *buf_len, parms_atomic p)
{
   /* begin_i: the index of byte having first significant bit
      end_i: the index of byte having last significant bit */
   int k, begin_i, end_i, datatype_len;

   datatype_len = p.size * 8;

   if(p.order == H5Z_NBIT_ORDER_LE) { /* little endian */
      /* calculate begin_i and end_i */
      if((p.precision + p.offset) % 8 != 0)
         begin_i = (p.precision + p.offset) / 8;
      else
         begin_i = (p.precision + p.offset) / 8 - 1;
      end_i = p.offset / 8;

      for(k = begin_i; k >= end_i; k--)
         H5Z_nbit_decompress_one_byte(data, data_offset, k, begin_i, end_i,
                                      buffer, j, buf_len, p, datatype_len);
   }

   if(p.order == H5Z_NBIT_ORDER_BE) { /* big endian */
      /* calculate begin_i and end_i */
      begin_i = (datatype_len - p.precision - p.offset) / 8;
      if(p.offset % 8 != 0)
         end_i = (datatype_len - p.offset) / 8;
      else
         end_i = (datatype_len - p.offset) / 8 - 1;

      for(k = begin_i; k <= end_i; k++)
         H5Z_nbit_decompress_one_byte(data, data_offset, k, begin_i, end_i,
                                      buffer, j, buf_len, p, datatype_len);
   }
}

static herr_t
H5Z__nbit_decompress_one_array(unsigned char *data, size_t data_offset,
           unsigned char *buffer, size_t *j, int *buf_len, const unsigned parms[])
{
   unsigned i, total_size, base_class, base_size, n, begin_index;
   parms_atomic p;
   herr_t ret_value = SUCCEED; /* Return value */

   FUNC_ENTER_STATIC

   total_size = parms[parms_index++];
   base_class = parms[parms_index++];

   switch(base_class) {
      case H5Z_NBIT_ATOMIC:
           p.size = parms[parms_index++];
           p.order = parms[parms_index++];
           p.precision = parms[parms_index++];
           p.offset = parms[parms_index++];

           /* Check values of precision and offset */
           if(p.precision > p.size * 8 || (p.precision + p.offset) > p.size * 8)
              HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "invalid datatype precision/offset")

           n = total_size / p.size;
           for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
              H5Z_nbit_decompress_one_atomic(data, data_offset + i*p.size,
                                             buffer, j, buf_len, p);
           break;
      case H5Z_NBIT_ARRAY:
           base_size = parms[parms_index]; /* read in advance */
           n = total_size/base_size; /* number of base_type elements inside the array datatype */
           begin_index = parms_index;
           for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
              if(H5Z__nbit_decompress_one_array(data, data_offset + i * base_size,
                                            buffer, j, buf_len, parms) < 0)
                 HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_CANTFILTER, FAIL, "can't decompress array")
              parms_index = begin_index;
           }
           break;
      case H5Z_NBIT_COMPOUND:
           base_size = parms[parms_index]; /* read in advance */
           n = total_size/base_size; /* number of base_type elements inside the array datatype */
           begin_index = parms_index;
           for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
              if(H5Z__nbit_decompress_one_compound(data, data_offset + i * base_size,
                                               buffer, j, buf_len, parms) < 0)
                 HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_CANTFILTER, FAIL, "can't decompress compound")
              parms_index = begin_index;
           }
           break;
      case H5Z_NBIT_NOOPTYPE:
           parms_index++; /* skip size of no-op type */
           H5Z_nbit_decompress_one_nooptype(data, data_offset, buffer, j, buf_len, total_size);
           break;
      default:
          HDassert(0 && "This Should never be executed!");
   } /* end switch */

done:
    FUNC_LEAVE_NOAPI(ret_value)
}

static herr_t
H5Z__nbit_decompress_one_compound(unsigned char *data, size_t data_offset,
              unsigned char *buffer, size_t *j, int *buf_len, const unsigned parms[])
{
   unsigned i, nmembers, member_offset, member_class, member_size, used_size = 0, size;
   parms_atomic p;
   herr_t ret_value = SUCCEED; /* Return value */

   FUNC_ENTER_STATIC

   size = parms[parms_index++];
   nmembers = parms[parms_index++];

   for(i = 0; i < nmembers; i++) {
      member_offset = parms[parms_index++];
      member_class = parms[parms_index++];

      /* Check for overflow */
      member_size = parms[parms_index];
      used_size += member_size;
      if(used_size > size)
         HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "compound member offset overflowed compound size")
      switch(member_class) {
         case H5Z_NBIT_ATOMIC:
              p.size = member_size;
              /* Advance past member size */
              parms_index++;
              p.order = parms[parms_index++];
              p.precision = parms[parms_index++];
              p.offset = parms[parms_index++];

              /* Check values of precision and offset */
              if(p.precision > p.size * 8 || (p.precision + p.offset) > p.size * 8)
                 HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "invalid datatype precision/offset")

              H5Z_nbit_decompress_one_atomic(data, data_offset + member_offset,
                                             buffer, j, buf_len, p);
              break;
         case H5Z_NBIT_ARRAY:
              if(H5Z__nbit_decompress_one_array(data, data_offset + member_offset,
                                            buffer, j, buf_len, parms) < 0)
                 HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_CANTFILTER, FAIL, "can't decompress array")
              break;
         case H5Z_NBIT_COMPOUND:
              if(H5Z__nbit_decompress_one_compound(data, data_offset+member_offset,
                                            buffer, j, buf_len, parms) < 0)
                 HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_CANTFILTER, FAIL, "can't decompress compound")
              break;
         case H5Z_NBIT_NOOPTYPE:
              /* Advance past member size */
              parms_index++;
              H5Z_nbit_decompress_one_nooptype(data, data_offset+member_offset,
                                               buffer, j, buf_len, member_size);
              break;
          default:
              HDassert(0 && "This Should never be executed!");
      } /* end switch */
   }

done:
    FUNC_LEAVE_NOAPI(ret_value)
}

static herr_t
H5Z__nbit_decompress(unsigned char *data, unsigned d_nelmts, unsigned char *buffer,
                                const unsigned parms[])
{
   /* i: index of data, j: index of buffer,
      buf_len: number of bits to be filled in current byte */
   size_t i, j, size;
   int buf_len;
   parms_atomic p;
   herr_t ret_value = SUCCEED; /* Return value */

   FUNC_ENTER_STATIC

   /* may not have to initialize to zeros */
   for(i = 0; i < d_nelmts*parms[4]; i++) data[i] = 0;

   /* initialization before the loop */
   j = 0;
   buf_len = sizeof(unsigned char) * 8;

   switch(parms[3]) {
      case H5Z_NBIT_ATOMIC:
           /* set the index before goto function call */
           p.size = parms[4];
           p.order = parms[5];
           p.precision = parms[6];
           p.offset = parms[7];

           /* Check values of precision and offset */
           if(p.precision > p.size * 8 || (p.precision + p.offset) > p.size * 8)
              HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_BADTYPE, FAIL, "invalid datatype precision/offset")

           for(i = 0; i < d_nelmts; i++) {
              H5Z_nbit_decompress_one_atomic(data, i*p.size, buffer, &j, &buf_len, p);
           }
           break;
      case H5Z_NBIT_ARRAY:
           size = parms[4];
           parms_index = 4;
           for(i = 0; i < d_nelmts; i++) {
              if(H5Z__nbit_decompress_one_array(data, i*size, buffer, &j, &buf_len, parms) < 0)
                 HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_CANTFILTER, FAIL, "can't decompress array")
              parms_index = 4;
           }
           break;
      case H5Z_NBIT_COMPOUND:
           size = parms[4];
           parms_index = 4;
           for(i = 0; i < d_nelmts; i++) {
              if(H5Z__nbit_decompress_one_compound(data, i*size, buffer, &j, &buf_len, parms) < 0)
                 HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_PLINE, H5E_CANTFILTER, FAIL, "can't decompress compound")
              parms_index = 4;
           }
           break;
      default:
          HDassert(0 && "This Should never be executed!");
   } /* end switch */

done:
    FUNC_LEAVE_NOAPI(ret_value)
}

static void H5Z_nbit_compress_one_byte(unsigned char *data, size_t data_offset, int k, int begin_i,
int end_i, unsigned char *buffer, size_t *j, int *buf_len, parms_atomic p, int datatype_len)
{
   int dat_len; /* dat_len is the number of bits to be copied in each data byte */
   unsigned char val; /* value to be copied in each data byte */

   /* initialize value and bits of unsigned char to be copied */
   val = data[data_offset + k];
   if(begin_i != end_i) { /* significant bits occupy >1 unsigned char */
      if(k == begin_i)
         dat_len = 8 - (datatype_len - p.precision - p.offset) % 8;
      else if(k == end_i) {
         dat_len = 8 - p.offset % 8;
         val >>= 8 - dat_len;
      }
      else
         dat_len = 8;
   } else { /* all significant bits in one unsigned char */
      val >>= p.offset % 8;
      dat_len = p.precision;
   }

   if(*buf_len > dat_len) {
      buffer[*j] |= (val & ~(~0 << dat_len)) << (*buf_len - dat_len);
      *buf_len -= dat_len;
   } else {
      buffer[*j] |= (val >> (dat_len - *buf_len)) & ~(~0 << *buf_len);
      dat_len -= *buf_len;
      H5Z_nbit_next_byte(j, buf_len);
      if(dat_len == 0) return;

      buffer[*j] = (val & ~(~0 << dat_len)) << (*buf_len - dat_len);
      *buf_len -= dat_len;
   }
}

static void H5Z_nbit_compress_one_nooptype(unsigned char *data, size_t data_offset,
                     unsigned char *buffer, size_t *j, int *buf_len, unsigned size)
{
   unsigned i;        /* index */
   unsigned dat_len;  /* dat_len is the number of bits to be copied in each data byte */
   unsigned char val; /* value to be copied in each data byte */

   for(i = 0; i < size; i++) {
      /* initialize value and bits of unsigned char to be copied */
      val = data[data_offset + i];
      dat_len = sizeof(unsigned char) * 8;

      buffer[*j] |= (val >> (dat_len - *buf_len)) & ~(~0 << *buf_len);
      dat_len -= *buf_len;
      H5Z_nbit_next_byte(j, buf_len);
      if(dat_len == 0) continue;

      buffer[*j] = (val & ~(~0 << dat_len)) << (*buf_len - dat_len);
      *buf_len -= dat_len;
   }
}

static void H5Z_nbit_compress_one_atomic(unsigned char *data, size_t data_offset,
                  unsigned char *buffer, size_t *j, int *buf_len, parms_atomic p)
{
   /* begin_i: the index of byte having first significant bit
      end_i: the index of byte having last significant bit */
   int k, begin_i, end_i, datatype_len;

   datatype_len = p.size * 8;

   if(p.order == H5Z_NBIT_ORDER_LE) { /* little endian */
      /* calculate begin_i and end_i */
      if((p.precision + p.offset) % 8 != 0)
         begin_i = (p.precision + p.offset) / 8;
      else
         begin_i = (p.precision + p.offset) / 8 - 1;
      end_i = p.offset / 8;

      for(k = begin_i; k >= end_i; k--)
         H5Z_nbit_compress_one_byte(data, data_offset, k, begin_i, end_i,
                                    buffer, j, buf_len, p, datatype_len);
   }

   if(p.order == H5Z_NBIT_ORDER_BE) { /* big endian */
      /* calculate begin_i and end_i */
      begin_i = (datatype_len - p.precision - p.offset) / 8;
      if(p.offset % 8 != 0)
         end_i = (datatype_len - p.offset) / 8;
      else
         end_i = (datatype_len - p.offset) / 8 - 1;

      for(k = begin_i; k <= end_i; k++)
         H5Z_nbit_compress_one_byte(data, data_offset, k, begin_i, end_i,
                                    buffer, j, buf_len, p, datatype_len);
   }
}

static void H5Z_nbit_compress_one_array(unsigned char *data, size_t data_offset, unsigned char *buffer,
                                 size_t *j, int *buf_len, const unsigned parms[])
{
   unsigned i, total_size, base_class, base_size, n, begin_index;
   parms_atomic p;

   total_size = parms[parms_index++];
   base_class = parms[parms_index++];

   switch(base_class) {
      case H5Z_NBIT_ATOMIC:
           p.size = parms[parms_index++];
           p.order = parms[parms_index++];
           p.precision = parms[parms_index++];
           p.offset = parms[parms_index++];
           n = total_size/p.size;
           for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
              H5Z_nbit_compress_one_atomic(data, data_offset + i*p.size,
                                           buffer, j, buf_len, p);
           break;
      case H5Z_NBIT_ARRAY:
           base_size = parms[parms_index]; /* read in advance */
           n = total_size/base_size; /* number of base_type elements inside the array datatype */
           begin_index = parms_index;
           for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
              H5Z_nbit_compress_one_array(data, data_offset + i*base_size,
                                          buffer, j, buf_len, parms);
              parms_index = begin_index;
           }
           break;
      case H5Z_NBIT_COMPOUND:
           base_size = parms[parms_index]; /* read in advance */
           n = total_size/base_size; /* number of base_type elements inside the array datatype */
           begin_index = parms_index;
           for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
              H5Z_nbit_compress_one_compound(data, data_offset + i*base_size,
                                             buffer, j, buf_len, parms);
              parms_index = begin_index;
           }
           break;
      case H5Z_NBIT_NOOPTYPE:
           parms_index++; /* skip size of no-op type */
           H5Z_nbit_compress_one_nooptype(data, data_offset, buffer, j, buf_len, total_size);
           break;
      default:
          HDassert(0 && "This Should never be executed!");
   } /* end switch */
}

static void H5Z_nbit_compress_one_compound(unsigned char *data, size_t data_offset,
            unsigned char *buffer, size_t *j, int *buf_len, const unsigned parms[])
{
   unsigned i, nmembers, member_offset, member_class, size;
   parms_atomic p;

   parms_index++; /* skip size of compound datatype */
   nmembers = parms[parms_index++];

   for(i = 0; i < nmembers; i++) {
      member_offset = parms[parms_index++];
      member_class = parms[parms_index++];

      switch(member_class) {
         case H5Z_NBIT_ATOMIC:
              p.size = parms[parms_index++];
              p.order = parms[parms_index++];
              p.precision = parms[parms_index++];
              p.offset = parms[parms_index++];
              H5Z_nbit_compress_one_atomic(data, data_offset + member_offset,
                                           buffer, j, buf_len, p);
              break;
         case H5Z_NBIT_ARRAY:
              H5Z_nbit_compress_one_array(data, data_offset + member_offset,
                                          buffer, j, buf_len, parms);
              break;
         case H5Z_NBIT_COMPOUND:
              H5Z_nbit_compress_one_compound(data, data_offset+member_offset,
                                             buffer, j, buf_len, parms);
              break;
         case H5Z_NBIT_NOOPTYPE:
              size = parms[parms_index++];
              H5Z_nbit_compress_one_nooptype(data, data_offset+member_offset,
                                             buffer, j, buf_len, size);
              break;
         default:
             HDassert(0 && "This Should never be executed!");
      } /* end switch */
   }
}

static void H5Z_nbit_compress(unsigned char *data, unsigned d_nelmts, unsigned char *buffer,
                              size_t *buffer_size, const unsigned parms[])
{
   /* i: index of data, new_size: index of buffer,
      buf_len: number of bits to be filled in current byte */
   size_t i, size;
   size_t new_size = 0;
   int buf_len;
   parms_atomic p;

   /* must initialize buffer to be zeros */
   HDmemset(buffer, 0, *buffer_size);

   /* initialization before the loop */
   buf_len = sizeof(unsigned char) * 8;

   switch(parms[3]) {
      case H5Z_NBIT_ATOMIC:
           /* set the index before goto function call */
           p.size = parms[4];
           p.order = parms[5];
           p.precision = parms[6];
           p.offset = parms[7];

           for(i = 0; i < d_nelmts; i++) {
              H5Z_nbit_compress_one_atomic(data, i*p.size, buffer, &new_size, &buf_len, p);
           }
           break;
      case H5Z_NBIT_ARRAY:
           size = parms[4];
           parms_index = 4;
           for(i = 0; i < d_nelmts; i++) {
              H5Z_nbit_compress_one_array(data, i*size, buffer, &new_size, &buf_len, parms);
              parms_index = 4;
           }
           break;
      case H5Z_NBIT_COMPOUND:
           size = parms[4];
           parms_index = 4;
           for(i = 0; i < d_nelmts; i++) {
              H5Z_nbit_compress_one_compound(data, i*size, buffer, &new_size, &buf_len, parms);
              parms_index = 4;
           }
           break;
       default:
           HDassert(0 && "This Should never be executed!");
   } /* end switch */

   /* Update the size to the new value after compression.  If there are any bits hanging over in
    * the last byte, increment the value by 1. */
   *buffer_size = new_size + 1;
}