path: root/test/tunicode.c

/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 * Copyright by The HDF Group.                                               *
 * All rights reserved.                                                      *
 *                                                                           *
 * This file is part of HDF5.  The full HDF5 copyright notice, including     *
 * terms governing use, modification, and redistribution, is contained in    *
 * the COPYING file, which can be found at the root of the source code       *
 * distribution tree, or in https://www.hdfgroup.org/licenses.               *
 * If you do not have access to either file, you may request a copy from     *
 * help@hdfgroup.org.                                                        *
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */

/* Unicode test */
#include "testhdf5.h"

#define NUM_CHARS         16
#define MAX_STRING_LENGTH ((NUM_CHARS * 4) + 1)    /* Max length in bytes */
#define MAX_PATH_LENGTH   (MAX_STRING_LENGTH + 20) /* Max length in bytes */
#define MAX_CODE_POINT    0x200000
#define FILENAME          "unicode.h5"
/* A buffer to hold two copies of the UTF-8 string */
#define LONG_BUF_SIZE (2 * MAX_STRING_LENGTH + 4)

#define DSET1_NAME    "fl_string_dataset"
#define DSET3_NAME    "dataset3"
#define DSET4_NAME    "dataset4"
#define VL_DSET1_NAME "vl_dset_1"
#define GROUP1_NAME   "group1"
#define GROUP2_NAME   "group2"
#define GROUP3_NAME   "group3"
#define GROUP4_NAME   "group4"

#define RANK            1
#define COMP_INT_VAL    7
#define COMP_FLOAT_VAL  (-42.0F)
#define COMP_DOUBLE_VAL 42.0

/* Test function prototypes */
void test_fl_string(hid_t fid, const char *string);
void test_strpad(hid_t fid, const char *string);
void test_vl_string(hid_t fid, const char *string);
void test_objnames(hid_t fid, const char *string);
void test_attrname(hid_t fid, const char *string);
void test_compound(hid_t fid, const char *string);
void test_enum(hid_t fid, const char *string);
void test_opaque(hid_t fid, const char *string);

/* Utility function prototypes */
static hid_t mkstr(size_t len, H5T_str_t strpad);
unsigned int write_char(unsigned int c, char *test_string, unsigned int cur_pos);
void         dump_string(const char *string);

/*
 * test_fl_string
 * Tests that UTF-8 can be used for fixed-length string data.
 * Writes the string to a dataset and reads it back again.
 */
void
test_fl_string(hid_t fid, const char *string)
{
    hid_t      dtype_id, space_id, dset_id;
    hsize_t    dims = 1;
    char       read_buf[MAX_STRING_LENGTH];
    H5T_cset_t cset;
    herr_t     ret;

    /* Create the datatype, ensure that the character set behaves
     * correctly (it should default to ASCII and can be set to UTF8)
     */
    dtype_id = H5Tcopy(H5T_C_S1);
    CHECK(dtype_id, FAIL, "H5Tcopy");
    ret = H5Tset_size(dtype_id, (size_t)MAX_STRING_LENGTH);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tset_size");
    cset = H5Tget_cset(dtype_id);
    VERIFY(cset, H5T_CSET_ASCII, "H5Tget_cset");
    ret = H5Tset_cset(dtype_id, H5T_CSET_UTF8);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tset_cset");
    cset = H5Tget_cset(dtype_id);
    VERIFY(cset, H5T_CSET_UTF8, "H5Tget_cset");

    /* Create dataspace for a dataset */
    space_id = H5Screate_simple(RANK, &dims, NULL);
    CHECK(space_id, FAIL, "H5Screate_simple");

    /* Create a dataset */
    dset_id = H5Dcreate2(fid, DSET1_NAME, dtype_id, space_id, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(dset_id, FAIL, "H5Dcreate2");

    /* Write UTF-8 string to dataset */
    ret = H5Dwrite(dset_id, dtype_id, H5S_ALL, H5S_ALL, H5P_DEFAULT, string);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Dwrite");

    /* Read string back and make sure it is unchanged */
    ret = H5Dread(dset_id, dtype_id, H5S_ALL, H5S_ALL, H5P_DEFAULT, read_buf);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Dread");

    VERIFY(HDstrcmp(string, read_buf), 0, "strcmp");

    /* Close all */
    ret = H5Dclose(dset_id);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Dclose");

    ret = H5Tclose(dtype_id);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tclose");
    ret = H5Sclose(space_id);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Sclose");
}

/*
 * test_strpad
 * Tests string padding for a UTF-8 string.
 * Converts strings to shorter and then longer strings.
 * Borrows heavily from dtypes.c, but is more complicated because
 * the string is randomly generated.
 */
void
test_strpad(hid_t H5_ATTR_UNUSED fid, const char *string)
{
    /* buf is used to hold the data that H5Tconvert operates on. */
    char buf[LONG_BUF_SIZE];

    /* cmpbuf holds the output that H5Tconvert should produce,
     * to compare against the actual output. */
    char cmpbuf[LONG_BUF_SIZE];

    /* new_string is a slightly modified version of the UTF-8
     * string to make the tests run more smoothly. */
    char new_string[MAX_STRING_LENGTH + 2];

    size_t length;    /* Length of new_string in bytes */
    size_t small_len; /* Size of the small datatype */
    size_t big_len;   /* Size of the larger datatype */
    hid_t  src_type, dst_type;
    herr_t ret;

    /* The following tests are simpler if the UTF-8 string contains
     * the right number of bytes (even or odd, depending on the test).
     * We create a 'new_string' whose length is convenient by prepending
     * an 'x' to 'string' when necessary. */
    length = HDstrlen(string);
    if (length % 2 != 1) {
        HDstrcpy(new_string, "x");
        HDstrcat(new_string, string);
        length++;
    }
    else {
        HDstrcpy(new_string, string);
    }

    /* Convert a null-terminated string to a shorter and longer null
     * terminated string. */

    /* Create a src_type that holds the UTF-8 string and its final NULL */
    big_len = length + 1; /* +1 byte for final NULL */
    assert((2 * big_len) <= sizeof(cmpbuf));
    src_type = mkstr(big_len, H5T_STR_NULLTERM);
    CHECK(src_type, FAIL, "mkstr");
    /* Create a dst_type that holds half of the UTF-8 string and a final
     * NULL */
    small_len = (length + 1) / 2;
    dst_type  = mkstr(small_len, H5T_STR_NULLTERM);
    CHECK(dst_type, FAIL, "mkstr");

    /* Fill the buffer with two copies of the UTF-8 string, each with a
     * terminating NULL.  It will look like "abcdefg\0abcdefg\0". */
    HDstrncpy(buf, new_string, big_len);
    HDstrncpy(&buf[big_len], new_string, big_len);

    ret = H5Tconvert(src_type, dst_type, (size_t)2, buf, NULL, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tconvert");

    /* After conversion, the buffer should look like
     * "abc\0abc\0abcdefg\0".  Note that this is just what the bytes look
     * like; UTF-8 characters may well have been truncated.
     * To check that the conversion worked properly, we'll build this
     * string manually. */
    HDstrncpy(cmpbuf, new_string, small_len - 1);
    cmpbuf[small_len - 1] = '\0';
    HDstrncpy(&cmpbuf[small_len], new_string, small_len - 1);
    cmpbuf[2 * small_len - 1] = '\0';
    HDstrcpy(&cmpbuf[2 * small_len], new_string);

    VERIFY(memcmp(buf, cmpbuf, 2 * big_len), 0, "memcmp");

    /* Now convert from smaller datatype to bigger datatype.  This should
     * leave our buffer looking like: "abc\0\0\0\0\0abc\0\0\0\0\0" */
    ret = H5Tconvert(dst_type, src_type, (size_t)2, buf, NULL, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tconvert");

    /* First fill the buffer with NULLs */
    memset(cmpbuf, '\0', (size_t)LONG_BUF_SIZE);
    /* Copy in the characters */
    HDstrncpy(cmpbuf, new_string, small_len - 1);
    HDstrncpy(&cmpbuf[big_len], new_string, small_len - 1);

    VERIFY(memcmp(buf, cmpbuf, 2 * big_len), 0, "memcmp");

    ret = H5Tclose(src_type);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tclose");
    ret = H5Tclose(dst_type);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tclose");

    /* Now test null padding.  Null-padded strings do *not* need
     * terminating NULLs, so the sizes of the datatypes are slightly
     * different and we want a string with an even number of characters. */
    length = HDstrlen(string);
    if (length % 2 != 0) {
        HDstrcpy(new_string, "x");
        HDstrcat(new_string, string);
        length++;
    }
    else {
        HDstrcpy(new_string, string);
    }

    /* Create a src_type that holds the UTF-8 string */
    big_len = length;
    assert((2 * big_len) <= sizeof(cmpbuf));
    src_type = mkstr(big_len, H5T_STR_NULLPAD);
    CHECK(src_type, FAIL, "mkstr");
    /* Create a dst_type that holds half of the UTF-8 string */
    small_len = length / 2;
    dst_type  = mkstr(small_len, H5T_STR_NULLPAD);
    CHECK(dst_type, FAIL, "mkstr");

    /* Fill the buffer with two copies of the UTF-8 string.
     * It will look like "abcdefghabcdefgh". */
    HDstrncpy(buf, new_string, big_len);
    HDstrncpy(&buf[big_len], new_string, big_len);

    ret = H5Tconvert(src_type, dst_type, (size_t)2, buf, NULL, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tconvert");

    /* After conversion, the buffer should look like
     * "abcdabcdabcdefgh".  Note that this is just what the bytes look
     * like; UTF-8 characters may well have been truncated.
     * To check that the conversion worked properly, we'll build this
     * string manually. */
    HDstrncpy(cmpbuf, new_string, small_len);
    HDstrncpy(&cmpbuf[small_len], new_string, small_len);
    HDstrncpy(&cmpbuf[2 * small_len], new_string, big_len);

    VERIFY(memcmp(buf, cmpbuf, 2 * big_len), 0, "memcmp");

    /* Now convert from smaller datatype to bigger datatype.  This should
     * leave our buffer looking like: "abcd\0\0\0\0abcd\0\0\0\0" */
    ret = H5Tconvert(dst_type, src_type, (size_t)2, buf, NULL, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tconvert");

    /* First fill the buffer with NULLs */
    memset(cmpbuf, '\0', (size_t)LONG_BUF_SIZE);
    /* Copy in the characters */
    HDstrncpy(cmpbuf, new_string, small_len);
    HDstrncpy(&cmpbuf[big_len], new_string, small_len);

    VERIFY(memcmp(buf, cmpbuf, 2 * big_len), 0, "memcmp");

    ret = H5Tclose(src_type);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tclose");
    ret = H5Tclose(dst_type);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tclose");

    /* Test space padding.  This is very similar to null-padding; we can
       use the same values of length, small_len, and big_len. */

    src_type = mkstr(big_len, H5T_STR_SPACEPAD);
    CHECK(src_type, FAIL, "mkstr");
    dst_type = mkstr(small_len, H5T_STR_SPACEPAD);
    CHECK(src_type, FAIL, "mkstr");

    /* Fill the buffer with two copies of the UTF-8 string.
     * It will look like "abcdefghabcdefgh". */
    HDstrcpy(buf, new_string);
    HDstrcpy(&buf[big_len], new_string);

    ret = H5Tconvert(src_type, dst_type, (size_t)2, buf, NULL, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tconvert");

    /* After conversion, the buffer should look like
     * "abcdabcdabcdefgh".  Note that this is just what the bytes look
     * like; UTF-8 characters may have been truncated.
     * To check that the conversion worked properly, we'll build this
     * string manually. */
    HDstrncpy(cmpbuf, new_string, small_len);
    HDstrncpy(&cmpbuf[small_len], new_string, small_len);
    HDstrncpy(&cmpbuf[2 * small_len], new_string, big_len);

    VERIFY(memcmp(buf, cmpbuf, 2 * big_len), 0, "memcmp");

    /* Now convert from smaller datatype to bigger datatype.  This should
     * leave our buffer looking like: "abcd    abcd    " */
    ret = H5Tconvert(dst_type, src_type, (size_t)2, buf, NULL, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tconvert");

    /* First fill the buffer with spaces */
    memset(cmpbuf, ' ', (size_t)LONG_BUF_SIZE);
    /* Copy in the characters */
    HDstrncpy(cmpbuf, new_string, small_len);
    HDstrncpy(&cmpbuf[big_len], new_string, small_len);

    VERIFY(memcmp(buf, cmpbuf, 2 * big_len), 0, "memcmp");

    ret = H5Tclose(src_type);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tclose");
    ret = H5Tclose(dst_type);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tclose");
}

/*
 * test_vl_string
 * Tests variable-length string datatype with UTF-8 strings.
 */
void
test_vl_string(hid_t fid, const char *string)
{
    hid_t   type_id, space_id, dset_id;
    hsize_t dims = 1;
    hsize_t size; /* Number of bytes used */
    char   *read_buf[1];
    herr_t  ret;

    /* Create dataspace for datasets */
    space_id = H5Screate_simple(RANK, &dims, NULL);
    CHECK(space_id, FAIL, "H5Screate_simple");

    /* Create a datatype to refer to */
    type_id = H5Tcopy(H5T_C_S1);
    CHECK(type_id, FAIL, "H5Tcopy");
    ret = H5Tset_size(type_id, H5T_VARIABLE);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tset_size");

    /* Create a dataset */
    dset_id = H5Dcreate2(fid, VL_DSET1_NAME, type_id, space_id, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(dset_id, FAIL, "H5Dcreate2");

    /* Write dataset to disk */
    ret = H5Dwrite(dset_id, type_id, H5S_ALL, H5S_ALL, H5P_DEFAULT, &string);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Dwrite");

    /* Make certain the correct amount of memory will be used */
    ret = H5Dvlen_get_buf_size(dset_id, type_id, space_id, &size);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Dvlen_get_buf_size");
    VERIFY(size, (hsize_t)HDstrlen(string) + 1, "H5Dvlen_get_buf_size");

    /* Read dataset from disk */
    ret = H5Dread(dset_id, type_id, H5S_ALL, H5S_ALL, H5P_DEFAULT, read_buf);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Dread");

    /* Compare data read in */
    VERIFY(HDstrcmp(string, read_buf[0]), 0, "strcmp");

    /* Reclaim the read VL data */
    ret = H5Treclaim(type_id, space_id, H5P_DEFAULT, read_buf);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Treclaim");

    /* Close all */
    ret = H5Dclose(dset_id);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Dclose");
    ret = H5Tclose(type_id);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tclose");
    ret = H5Sclose(space_id);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Sclose");
}

/*
 * test_objnames
 * Tests that UTF-8 can be used for object names in the file.
 * Tests groups, datasets, named datatypes, and soft links.
 * Note that this test doesn't actually mark the names as being
 * in UTF-8.  At the time this test was written, that feature
 * didn't exist in HDF5, and when the character encoding property
 * was added to links it didn't change how they were stored in the file,
 * -JML 2/2/2006
 */
void
test_objnames(hid_t fid, const char *string)
{
    hid_t      grp_id, grp1_id, grp2_id, grp3_id;
    hid_t      type_id, dset_id, space_id;
    char       read_buf[MAX_STRING_LENGTH];
    char       path_buf[MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
    hsize_t    dims = 1;
    hobj_ref_t obj_ref;
    ssize_t    size;
    herr_t     ret;

    /* Create a group with a UTF-8 name */
    grp_id = H5Gcreate2(fid, string, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(grp_id, FAIL, "H5Gcreate2");

    /* Set a comment on the group to test that we can access the group
     * Also test that UTF-8 comments can be read.
     */
    ret = H5Oset_comment_by_name(fid, string, string, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Oset_comment_by_name");
    size = H5Oget_comment_by_name(fid, string, read_buf, (size_t)MAX_STRING_LENGTH, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(size, FAIL, "H5Oget_comment_by_name");

    ret = H5Gclose(grp_id);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Gclose");

    VERIFY(HDstrcmp(string, read_buf), 0, "strcmp");

    /* Create a new dataset with a UTF-8 name */
    grp1_id = H5Gcreate2(fid, GROUP1_NAME, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(grp1_id, FAIL, "H5Gcreate2");

    space_id = H5Screate_simple(RANK, &dims, NULL);
    CHECK(space_id, FAIL, "H5Screate_simple");
    dset_id = H5Dcreate2(grp1_id, string, H5T_NATIVE_INT, space_id, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(dset_id, FAIL, "H5Dcreate2");

    /* Make sure that dataset can be opened again */
    ret = H5Dclose(dset_id);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Dclose");
    ret = H5Sclose(space_id);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Sclose");

    dset_id = H5Dopen2(grp1_id, string, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Dopen2");
    ret = H5Dclose(dset_id);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Dclose");
    ret = H5Gclose(grp1_id);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Gclose");

    /* Do the same for a named datatype */
    grp2_id = H5Gcreate2(fid, GROUP2_NAME, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(grp2_id, FAIL, "H5Gcreate2");

    type_id = H5Tcreate(H5T_OPAQUE, (size_t)1);
    CHECK(type_id, FAIL, "H5Tcreate");
    ret = H5Tcommit2(grp2_id, string, type_id, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(type_id, FAIL, "H5Tcommit2");
    ret = H5Tclose(type_id);
    CHECK(type_id, FAIL, "H5Tclose");

    type_id = H5Topen2(grp2_id, string, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(type_id, FAIL, "H5Topen2");
    ret = H5Tclose(type_id);
    CHECK(type_id, FAIL, "H5Tclose");

    /* Don't close the group -- use it to test that object references
     * can refer to objects named in UTF-8 */

    space_id = H5Screate_simple(RANK, &dims, NULL);
    CHECK(space_id, FAIL, "H5Screate_simple");
    dset_id =
        H5Dcreate2(grp2_id, DSET3_NAME, H5T_STD_REF_OBJ, space_id, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Dcreate2");

    /* Create reference to named datatype */
    ret = H5Rcreate(&obj_ref, grp2_id, string, H5R_OBJECT, (hid_t)-1);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Rcreate");
    /* Write selection and read it back*/
    ret = H5Dwrite(dset_id, H5T_STD_REF_OBJ, H5S_ALL, H5S_ALL, H5P_DEFAULT, &obj_ref);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Dwrite");
    ret = H5Dread(dset_id, H5T_STD_REF_OBJ, H5S_ALL, H5S_ALL, H5P_DEFAULT, &obj_ref);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Dread");

    /* Ensure that we can open named datatype using object reference */
    type_id = H5Rdereference2(dset_id, H5P_DEFAULT, H5R_OBJECT, &obj_ref);
    CHECK(type_id, FAIL, "H5Rdereference2");
    ret = H5Tcommitted(type_id);
    VERIFY(ret, 1, "H5Tcommitted");

    ret = H5Tclose(type_id);
    CHECK(type_id, FAIL, "H5Tclose");
    ret = H5Dclose(dset_id);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Dclose");
    ret = H5Sclose(space_id);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Sclose");

    ret = H5Gclose(grp2_id);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Gclose");

    /* Create "group3".  Build a hard link from group3 to group2, which has
     * a datatype with the UTF-8 name.  Create a soft link in group3
     * pointing through the hard link to the datatype.  Give the soft
     * link a name in UTF-8.  Ensure that the soft link works. */

    grp3_id = H5Gcreate2(fid, GROUP3_NAME, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(grp3_id, FAIL, "H5Gcreate2");

    ret = H5Lcreate_hard(fid, GROUP2_NAME, grp3_id, GROUP2_NAME, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Lcreate_hard");
    HDstrcpy(path_buf, GROUP2_NAME);
    HDstrcat(path_buf, "/");
    HDstrcat(path_buf, string);
    ret = H5Lcreate_hard(grp3_id, path_buf, H5L_SAME_LOC, string, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Lcreate_hard");

    /* Open named datatype using soft link */
    type_id = H5Topen2(grp3_id, string, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(type_id, FAIL, "H5Topen2");

    ret = H5Tclose(type_id);
    CHECK(type_id, FAIL, "H5Tclose");
    ret = H5Gclose(grp3_id);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Gclose");
}

/*
 * test_attrname
 * Test that attributes can deal with UTF-8 strings
 */
void
test_attrname(hid_t fid, const char *string)
{
    hid_t   group_id, attr_id;
    hid_t   dtype_id, space_id;
    hsize_t dims = 1;
    char    read_buf[MAX_STRING_LENGTH];
    ssize_t size;
    herr_t  ret;

    /* Create a new group and give it an attribute whose
     * name and value are UTF-8 strings.
     */
    group_id = H5Gcreate2(fid, GROUP4_NAME, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(group_id, FAIL, "H5Gcreate2");

    space_id = H5Screate_simple(RANK, &dims, NULL);
    CHECK(space_id, FAIL, "H5Screate_simple");
    dtype_id = H5Tcopy(H5T_C_S1);
    CHECK(dtype_id, FAIL, "H5Tcopy");
    ret = H5Tset_size(dtype_id, (size_t)MAX_STRING_LENGTH);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tset_size");

    /* Create the attribute and check that its name is correct */
    attr_id = H5Acreate2(group_id, string, dtype_id, space_id, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(attr_id, FAIL, "H5Acreate2");
    size = H5Aget_name(attr_id, (size_t)MAX_STRING_LENGTH, read_buf);
    CHECK(size, FAIL, "H5Aget_name");
    ret = HDstrcmp(read_buf, string);
    VERIFY(ret, 0, "strcmp");
    read_buf[0] = '\0';

    /* Try writing and reading from the attribute */
    ret = H5Awrite(attr_id, dtype_id, string);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Awrite");
    ret = H5Aread(attr_id, dtype_id, read_buf);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Aread");
    ret = HDstrcmp(read_buf, string);
    VERIFY(ret, 0, "strcmp");

    /* Clean up */
    ret = H5Aclose(attr_id);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Aclose");
    ret = H5Tclose(dtype_id);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tclose");
    ret = H5Sclose(space_id);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Sclose");
    ret = H5Gclose(group_id);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Gclose");
}

/*
 * test_compound
 * Test that compound datatypes can have UTF-8 field names.
 */
void
test_compound(hid_t fid, const char *string)
{
    /* Define two compound structures, s1_t and s2_t.
     * s2_t is a subset of s1_t, with two out of three
     * fields.
     * This is stolen from the h5_compound example.
     */
    typedef struct s1_t {
        int    a;
        double c;
        float  b;
    } s1_t;
    typedef struct s2_t {
        double c;
        int    a;
    } s2_t;
    /* Actual variable declarations */
    s1_t    s1;
    s2_t    s2;
    hid_t   s1_tid, s2_tid;
    hid_t   space_id, dset_id;
    hsize_t dim = 1;
    char   *readbuf;
    herr_t  ret;

    /* Initialize compound data */
    memset(&s1, 0, sizeof(s1_t)); /* To make purify happy */
    s1.a = COMP_INT_VAL;
    s1.c = COMP_DOUBLE_VAL;
    s1.b = COMP_FLOAT_VAL;

    /* Create compound datatypes using UTF-8 field name */
    s1_tid = H5Tcreate(H5T_COMPOUND, sizeof(s1_t));
    CHECK(s1_tid, FAIL, "H5Tcreate");
    ret = H5Tinsert(s1_tid, string, HOFFSET(s1_t, a), H5T_NATIVE_INT);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tinsert");

    /* Check that the field name was stored correctly */
    readbuf = H5Tget_member_name(s1_tid, 0);
    ret     = HDstrcmp(readbuf, string);
    VERIFY(ret, 0, "strcmp");
    H5free_memory(readbuf);

    /* Add the other fields to the datatype */
    ret = H5Tinsert(s1_tid, "c_name", HOFFSET(s1_t, c), H5T_NATIVE_DOUBLE);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tinsert");
    ret = H5Tinsert(s1_tid, "b_name", HOFFSET(s1_t, b), H5T_NATIVE_FLOAT);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tinsert");

    /* Create second datatype, with only two fields. */
    s2_tid = H5Tcreate(H5T_COMPOUND, sizeof(s2_t));
    CHECK(s2_tid, FAIL, "H5Tcreate");
    ret = H5Tinsert(s2_tid, "c_name", HOFFSET(s2_t, c), H5T_NATIVE_DOUBLE);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tinsert");
    ret = H5Tinsert(s2_tid, string, HOFFSET(s2_t, a), H5T_NATIVE_INT);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tinsert");

    /* Create the dataspace and dataset. */
    space_id = H5Screate_simple(1, &dim, NULL);
    CHECK(space_id, FAIL, "H5Screate_simple");
    dset_id = H5Dcreate2(fid, DSET4_NAME, s1_tid, space_id, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(dset_id, FAIL, "H5Dcreate2");

    /* Write data to the dataset. */
    ret = H5Dwrite(dset_id, s1_tid, H5S_ALL, H5S_ALL, H5P_DEFAULT, &s1);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Dwrite");

    /* Ensure that data can be read back by field name into s2 struct */
    ret = H5Dread(dset_id, s2_tid, H5S_ALL, H5S_ALL, H5P_DEFAULT, &s2);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Dread");

    VERIFY(s2.a, COMP_INT_VAL, "H5Dread");
    VERIFY(s2.c, COMP_DOUBLE_VAL, "H5Dread");

    /* Clean up */
    ret = H5Tclose(s1_tid);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tclose");
    ret = H5Tclose(s2_tid);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tclose");
    ret = H5Sclose(space_id);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Sclose");
    ret = H5Dclose(dset_id);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Dclose");
}

/*
 * test_enum
 * Test that enumerated datatypes can have UTF-8 member names.
 */
void
test_enum(hid_t H5_ATTR_UNUSED fid, const char *string)
{
    /* Define an enumerated type */
    typedef enum { E1_RED, E1_GREEN, E1_BLUE, E1_WHITE } c_e1;
    /* Variable declarations */
    c_e1   val;
    herr_t ret;
    hid_t  type_id;
    char   readbuf[MAX_STRING_LENGTH];

    /* Create an enumerated datatype in HDF5 with a UTF-8 member name*/
    type_id = H5Tcreate(H5T_ENUM, sizeof(c_e1));
    CHECK(type_id, FAIL, "H5Tcreate");
    val = E1_RED;
    ret = H5Tenum_insert(type_id, "RED", &val);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tenum_insert");
    val = E1_GREEN;
    ret = H5Tenum_insert(type_id, "GREEN", &val);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tenum_insert");
    val = E1_BLUE;
    ret = H5Tenum_insert(type_id, "BLUE", &val);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tenum_insert");
    val = E1_WHITE;
    ret = H5Tenum_insert(type_id, string, &val);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tenum_insert");

    /* Ensure that UTF-8 member name gives the right value and vice versa. */
    ret = H5Tenum_valueof(type_id, string, &val);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tenum_valueof");
    VERIFY(val, E1_WHITE, "H5Tenum_valueof");
    ret = H5Tenum_nameof(type_id, &val, readbuf, (size_t)MAX_STRING_LENGTH);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tenum_nameof");
    ret = HDstrcmp(readbuf, string);
    VERIFY(ret, 0, "strcmp");

    /* Close the datatype */
    ret = H5Tclose(type_id);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tclose");
}

/*
 * test_opaque
 * Test comments on opaque datatypes
 */
void
test_opaque(hid_t H5_ATTR_UNUSED fid, const char *string)
{
    hid_t  type_id;
    char  *read_buf;
    herr_t ret;

    /* Create an opaque type and give it a UTF-8 tag */
    type_id = H5Tcreate(H5T_OPAQUE, (size_t)4);
    CHECK(type_id, FAIL, "H5Tcreate");
    ret = H5Tset_tag(type_id, string);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tset_tag");

    /* Read the tag back. */
    read_buf = H5Tget_tag(type_id);
    ret      = HDstrcmp(read_buf, string);
    VERIFY(ret, 0, "H5Tget_tag");
    H5free_memory(read_buf);

    ret = H5Tclose(type_id);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Tclose");
}

/*********************/
/* Utility functions */
/*********************/

/* mkstr
 * Borrwed from dtypes.c.
 * Creates a new string data type.  Used in string padding tests */
static hid_t
mkstr(size_t len, H5T_str_t strpad)
{
    hid_t t;
    if ((t = H5Tcopy(H5T_C_S1)) < 0)
        return -1;
    if (H5Tset_size(t, len) < 0)
        return -1;
    if (H5Tset_strpad(t, strpad) < 0)
        return -1;
    return t;
}

/* write_char
 * Append a unicode code point c to test_string in UTF-8 encoding.
 * Return the new end of the string.
 */
unsigned int
write_char(unsigned int c, char *test_string, unsigned int cur_pos)
{
    if (c < 0x80) {
        test_string[cur_pos] = (char)c;
        cur_pos++;
    }
    else if (c < 0x800) {
        test_string[cur_pos]     = (char)(0xC0 | c >> 6);
        test_string[cur_pos + 1] = (char)(0x80 | (c & 0x3F));
        cur_pos += 2;
    }
    else if (c < 0x10000) {
        test_string[cur_pos]     = (char)(0xE0 | c >> 12);
        test_string[cur_pos + 1] = (char)(0x80 | (c >> 6 & 0x3F));
        test_string[cur_pos + 2] = (char)(0x80 | (c & 0x3F));
        cur_pos += 3;
    }
    else if (c < 0x200000) {
        test_string[cur_pos]     = (char)(0xF0 | c >> 18);
        test_string[cur_pos + 1] = (char)(0x80 | (c >> 12 & 0x3F));
        test_string[cur_pos + 2] = (char)(0x80 | (c >> 6 & 0x3F));
        test_string[cur_pos + 3] = (char)(0x80 | (c & 0x3F));
        cur_pos += 4;
    }

    return cur_pos;
}

/* dump_string
 * Print a string both as text (which will look like garbage) and as hex.
 * The text display is not guaranteed to be accurate--certain characters
 * could confuse printf (e.g., '\n'). */
void
dump_string(const char *string)
{
    size_t length;
    size_t x;

    printf("The string was:\n %s", string);
    printf("Or in hex:\n");

    length = HDstrlen(string);

    for (x = 0; x < length; x++)
        printf("%x ", string[x] & (0x000000FF));

    printf("\n");
}

/* Main test.
 * Create a string of random Unicode characters, then run each test with
 * that string.
 */
void
test_unicode(void)
{
    char         test_string[MAX_STRING_LENGTH];
    unsigned int cur_pos = 0;   /* Current position in test_string */
    unsigned int unicode_point; /* Unicode code point for a single character */
    hid_t        fid;           /* ID of file */
    int          x;             /* Temporary variable */
    herr_t       ret;           /* Generic return value */

    /* Output message about test being performed */
    MESSAGE(5, ("Testing UTF-8 Encoding\n"));

    /* Create a random string with length NUM_CHARS */
    HDsrandom((unsigned)HDtime(NULL));

    memset(test_string, 0, sizeof(test_string));
    for (x = 0; x < NUM_CHARS; x++) {
        /* We need to avoid unprintable characters (codes 0-31) and the
         * . and / characters, since they aren't allowed in path names.
         */
        unicode_point = (unsigned)(HDrandom() % (MAX_CODE_POINT - 32)) + 32;
        if (unicode_point != 46 && unicode_point != 47)
            cur_pos = write_char(unicode_point, test_string, cur_pos);
    }

    /* Avoid unlikely case of the null string */
    if (cur_pos == 0) {
        test_string[cur_pos] = 'Q';
        cur_pos++;
    }
    test_string[cur_pos] = '\0';

    /* Create file */
    fid = H5Fcreate(FILENAME, H5F_ACC_TRUNC, H5P_DEFAULT, H5P_DEFAULT);
    CHECK(fid, FAIL, "H5Fcreate");

    test_fl_string(fid, test_string);
    test_strpad(fid, "abcdefgh");
    test_strpad(fid, test_string);
    test_vl_string(fid, test_string);
    test_objnames(fid, test_string);
    test_attrname(fid, test_string);
    test_compound(fid, test_string);
    test_enum(fid, test_string);
    test_opaque(fid, test_string);

    /* Close file */
    ret = H5Fclose(fid);
    CHECK(ret, FAIL, "H5Fclose");

    /* This function could be useful in debugging if certain strings
     * create errors.
     */
#ifdef DEBUG
    dump_string(test_string);
#endif /* DEBUG */
}

/* cleanup_unicode(void)
 * Delete the file this test created.
 */
void
cleanup_unicode(void)
{
    H5E_BEGIN_TRY
    {
        H5Fdelete(FILENAME, H5P_DEFAULT);
    }
    H5E_END_TRY
}