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path: root/tools/testfiles/tarray6.h5.xml
blob: ffbd8496a5d4527ca11110ca7a5a37440c6d2369 (plain)
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#############################
Expected output for 'h5dump --xml tarray6.h5'
#############################
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<hdf5:HDF5-File xmlns:hdf5="http://hdf.ncsa.uiuc.edu/DTDs/HDF5-File" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://hdf.ncsa.uiuc.edu/DTDs/HDF5File http://hdf.ncsa.uiuc.edu/DTDs/HDF5-File.xsd">
<hdf5:RootGroup OBJ-XID="xid_928" H5Path="/">
   <hdf5:Dataset Name="Dataset1" OBJ-XID="xid_976" H5Path= "/Dataset1" Parents="xid_928" H5ParentPaths="/">
      <hdf5:StorageLayout>
         <hdf5:ContiguousLayout/>
      </hdf5:StorageLayout>
         <hdf5:FillValueInfo FillTime="FillIfSet" AllocationTime="Late">
         <hdf5:FillValue>
               <hdf5:NoFill/>
         </hdf5:FillValue>
      </hdf5:FillValueInfo>
      <hdf5:Dataspace>
         <hdf5:SimpleDataspace Ndims="1">
            <hdf5:Dimension  DimSize="4" MaxDimSize="4"/>
         </hdf5:SimpleDataspace>
      </hdf5:Dataspace>
      <hdf5:DataType>
         <hdf5:ArrayType Ndims="1">
            <hdf5:ArrayDimension DimSize="4" DimPerm="0"/>
            <hdf5:DataType>
               <hdf5:VLType>
                  <hdf5:DataType>
                     <hdf5:AtomicType>
                        <hdf5:IntegerType ByteOrder="LE" Sign="false" Size="4" />
                     </hdf5:AtomicType>
                  </hdf5:DataType>
               </hdf5:VLType>
            </hdf5:DataType>
         </hdf5:ArrayType>
      </hdf5:DataType>
      <hdf5:Data>
         <hdf5:DataFromFile>
           0  10 11  20 21 22  30 31 32 33
           100 101  110 111 112  120 121 122 123  130 131 132 133 134
           200 201 202  210 211 212 213  220 221 222 223 224  230 231 232 233 234 235
           300 301 302 303  310 311 312 313 314  320 321 322 323 324 325  330 331 332 333 334 335 336
         </hdf5:DataFromFile>
      </hdf5:Data>
   </hdf5:Dataset>
</hdf5:RootGroup>
</hdf5:HDF5-File>
'>editorconfig Tk is a free and open-source, cross-platform widget toolkit that provides a library of basic elements of GUI widgets for building a graphical user interface (GUI) in many programming languages.
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path: root/doc/tk4.0.ps
blob: d79642d11245338356b1944fca1411cede7be82d (plain)
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%!
%%BoundingBox: (atend)
%%Pages: (atend)
%%DocumentFonts: (atend)
%%EndComments
%%BeginProlog
%
% FrameMaker postscript_prolog 3.0, for use with FrameMaker 3.0
% This postscript_prolog file is Copyright (c) 1986-1991 Frame Technology
% Corporation.  All rights reserved.  This postscript_prolog file may be
% freely copied and distributed in conjunction with documents created using
% FrameMaker.
% NOTE
% This file fixes the problem with NeWS printers dithering color output.
% Any questions should be sent to mickey@magickingdom.eng.sun.com
%
% Known Problems:
%	Due to bugs in Transcript, the 'PS-Adobe-' is omitted from line 1
/FMversion (3.0) def 
% Set up Color vs. Black-and-White

/FMPrintInColor { % once-thru loop gimmick
    % See if we're a NeWSprint printer
     /currentcanvas where {
        pop systemdict /separationdict known
	exit
     } if
% originally had the following, which should always be false:
%    /currentcanvas where {
%        pop currentcanvas /Color known {
%	    currentcanvas /Color get
%	    exit
%        } if
%    } if
    systemdict /colorimage known
    systemdict /currentcolortransfer known and
exit } loop def

% Uncomment the following line to force b&w on color printer
%   /FMPrintInColor false def
/FrameDict 195 dict def 
systemdict /errordict known not {/errordict 10 dict def
		errordict /rangecheck {stop} put} if
% The readline in 23.0 doesn't recognize cr's as nl's on AppleTalk
FrameDict /tmprangecheck errordict /rangecheck get put 
errordict /rangecheck {FrameDict /bug true put} put 
FrameDict /bug false put 
mark 
% Some PS machines read past the CR, so keep the following 3 lines together!
currentfile 5 string readline
00
0000000000
cleartomark 
errordict /rangecheck FrameDict /tmprangecheck get put 
FrameDict /bug get { 
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FMPrintInColor 
	
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/gn { 
	0 
	{	46 mul 
		cf read pop 
		32 sub 
		dup 46 lt {exit} if 
		46 sub add 
		} loop
	add 
	} bind def
	/str FMLOCAL
/cfs { 
	/str sl string def 
	0 1 sl 1 sub {str exch val put} for 
	str def 
	} bind def
/ic [ 
	0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0223
	0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0223
	0
	{0 hx} {1 hx} {2 hx} {3 hx} {4 hx} {5 hx} {6 hx} {7 hx} {8 hx} {9 hx}
	{10 hx} {11 hx} {12 hx} {13 hx} {14 hx} {15 hx} {16 hx} {17 hx} {18 hx}
	{19 hx} {gn hx} {0} {1} {2} {3} {4} {5} {6} {7} {8} {9} {10} {11} {12}
	{13} {14} {15} {16} {17} {18} {19} {gn} {0 wh} {1 wh} {2 wh} {3 wh}
	{4 wh} {5 wh} {6 wh} {7 wh} {8 wh} {9 wh} {10 wh} {11 wh} {12 wh}
	{13 wh} {14 wh} {gn wh} {0 bl} {1 bl} {2 bl} {3 bl} {4 bl} {5 bl} {6 bl}
	{7 bl} {8 bl} {9 bl} {10 bl} {11 bl} {12 bl} {13 bl} {14 bl} {gn bl}
	{0 fl} {1 fl} {2 fl} {3 fl} {4 fl} {5 fl} {6 fl} {7 fl} {8 fl} {9 fl}
	{10 fl} {11 fl} {12 fl} {13 fl} {14 fl} {gn fl}
	] def
	/sl FMLOCAL
	/val FMLOCAL
	/ws FMLOCAL
	/im FMLOCAL
	/bs FMLOCAL
	/cs FMLOCAL
	/len FMLOCAL
	/pos FMLOCAL
/ms { 
	/sl exch def 
	/val 255 def 
	/ws cfs 
	/im cfs 
	/val 0 def 
	/bs cfs 
	/cs cfs 
	} bind def
400 ms 
/ip { 
	is 
	0 
	cf cs readline pop 
	{	ic exch get exec 
		add 
		} forall 
	pop 
	
	} bind def
/wh { 
	/len exch def 
	/pos exch def 
	ws 0 len getinterval im pos len getinterval copy pop
	pos len 
	} bind def
/bl { 
	/len exch def 
	/pos exch def 
	bs 0 len getinterval im pos len getinterval copy pop
	pos len 
	} bind def
/s1 1 string def
/fl { 
	/len exch def 
	/pos exch def 
	/val cf s1 readhexstring pop 0 get def
	pos 1 pos len add 1 sub {im exch val put} for
	pos len 
	} bind def
/hx { 
	3 copy getinterval 
	cf exch readhexstring pop pop 
	} bind def
	/h FMLOCAL
	/w FMLOCAL
	/d FMLOCAL
	/lb FMLOCAL
	/bitmapsave FMLOCAL
	/is FMLOCAL
	/cf FMLOCAL
/wbytes { 
	dup 
	8 eq {pop} {1 eq {7 add 8 idiv} {3 add 4 idiv} ifelse} ifelse
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPBWc { 
	1 {} COMMONBITMAPc
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPGRAYc { 
	8 {} COMMONBITMAPc
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAP2BITc { 
	2 {} COMMONBITMAPc
	} bind def
/COMMONBITMAPc { 
	/r exch def
	/d exch def
	gsave
	translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
	/lb w d wbytes def 
	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
	/bitmapsave save def 
	r                    
	/is im 0 lb getinterval def 
	ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
	/cf currentfile def 
	w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
	{ip} image 
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPBW { 
	1 {} COMMONBITMAP
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPGRAY { 
	8 {} COMMONBITMAP
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAP2BIT { 
	2 {} COMMONBITMAP
	} bind def
/COMMONBITMAP { 
	/r exch def
	/d exch def
	gsave
	translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
	/bitmapsave save def 
	r                    
	/is w d wbytes string def
	/cf currentfile def 
	w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
	{cf is readhexstring pop} image
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
	/proc1 FMLOCAL
	/proc2 FMLOCAL
	/newproc FMLOCAL
/Fmcc {
    /proc2 exch cvlit def
    /proc1 exch cvlit def
    /newproc proc1 length proc2 length add array def
    newproc 0 proc1 putinterval
    newproc proc1 length proc2 putinterval
    newproc cvx
} bind def
/ngrayt 256 array def
/nredt 256 array def
/nbluet 256 array def
/ngreent 256 array def
	/gryt FMLOCAL
	/blut FMLOCAL
	/grnt FMLOCAL
	/redt FMLOCAL
	/indx FMLOCAL
	/cynu FMLOCAL
	/magu FMLOCAL
	/yelu FMLOCAL
	/k FMLOCAL
	/u FMLOCAL
/colorsetup {
	currentcolortransfer
	/gryt exch def
	/blut exch def
	/grnt exch def
	/redt exch def
	0 1 255 {
		/indx exch def
		/cynu 1 red indx get 255 div sub def
		/magu 1 green indx get 255 div sub def
		/yelu 1 blue indx get 255 div sub def
		/k cynu magu min yelu min def
		/u k currentundercolorremoval exec def
		nredt indx 1 0 cynu u sub max sub redt exec put
		ngreent indx 1 0 magu u sub max sub grnt exec put
		nbluet indx 1 0 yelu u sub max sub blut exec put
		ngrayt indx 1 k currentblackgeneration exec sub gryt exec put
	} for
	{255 mul cvi nredt exch get}
	{255 mul cvi ngreent exch get}
	{255 mul cvi nbluet exch get}
	{255 mul cvi ngrayt exch get}
	setcolortransfer
	{pop 0} setundercolorremoval
	{} setblackgeneration
	} bind def
	/tran FMLOCAL
/fakecolorsetup {
	/tran 256 string def
	0 1 255 {/indx exch def 
		tran indx
		red indx get 77 mul
		green indx get 151 mul
		blue indx get 28 mul
		add add 256 idiv put} for
	currenttransfer
	{255 mul cvi tran exch get 255.0 div}
	exch Fmcc settransfer
} bind def
/BITMAPCOLOR { 
	/d 8 def
	gsave
	translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
	/bitmapsave save def 
	colorsetup
	/is w d wbytes string def
	/cf currentfile def 
	w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
	{cf is readhexstring pop} {is} {is} true 3 colorimage 
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
/BITMAPCOLORc { 
	/d 8 def
	gsave
	translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
	/lb w d wbytes def 
	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
	/bitmapsave save def 
	colorsetup
	/is im 0 lb getinterval def 
	ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
	/cf currentfile def 
	w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
	{ip} {is} {is} true 3 colorimage
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
/BITMAPTRUECOLORc { 
        gsave
        translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
        /bitmapsave save def 
        
        /is w string def
        
        ws 0 w getinterval is copy pop 
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        {ip} {gip} {bip} true 3 colorimage
        bitmapsave restore 
        grestore
        } bind def
/BITMAPTRUECOLOR { 
        gsave
        translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
        /bitmapsave save def 
        /is w string def
        /gis w string def
        /bis w string def
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        { cf is readhexstring pop } 
        { cf gis readhexstring pop } 
        { cf bis readhexstring pop } 
        true 3 colorimage 
        bitmapsave restore 
        grestore
        } bind def
/BITMAPTRUEGRAYc { 
        gsave
        translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
        /bitmapsave save def 
        
        /is w string def
        
        ws 0 w getinterval is copy pop 
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        {ip gip bip w gray} image
        bitmapsave restore 
        grestore
        } bind def
/ww FMLOCAL
/r FMLOCAL
/g FMLOCAL
/b FMLOCAL
/i FMLOCAL
/gray { 
        /ww exch def
        /b exch def
        /g exch def
        /r exch def
        0 1 ww 1 sub { /i exch def r i get .299 mul g i get .587 mul
			b i get .114 mul add add r i 3 -1 roll floor cvi put } for
        r
        } bind def
/BITMAPTRUEGRAY { 
        gsave
        translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
        /bitmapsave save def 
        /is w string def
        /gis w string def
        /bis w string def
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        { cf is readhexstring pop 
          cf gis readhexstring pop 
          cf bis readhexstring pop w gray}  image
        bitmapsave restore 
        grestore
        } bind def
/BITMAPGRAY { 
	8 {fakecolorsetup} COMMONBITMAP
	} bind def
/BITMAPGRAYc { 
	8 {fakecolorsetup} COMMONBITMAPc
	} bind def
/ENDBITMAP {
	} bind def
end 
	/ALDsave FMLOCAL
	/ALDmatrix matrix def ALDmatrix currentmatrix pop
/StartALD {
	/ALDsave save def
	 savematrix
	 ALDmatrix setmatrix
	} bind def
/InALD {
	 restorematrix
	} bind def
/DoneALD {
	 ALDsave restore
	} bind def
%%EndProlog
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612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
98.1 675 512.1 675 2 L
7 X
0 K
V
2 H
0 Z
0 X
N
98.1 450 512.1 450 2 L
7 X
V
2 Z
0 X
N
98.1 108 512.1 126 R
7 X
V
0 10 Q
0 X
(1) 506.54 119.33 T
1 24 Q
-0.48 (Tk4.0 Overview and Porting Guide) 152.1 605 S
2 12 Q
(John Ouster) 152.1 563 T
(hout) 210.84 563 T
98.1 135 512.1 423 R
7 X
V
3 10 Q
0 X
(Tk version 4.0 is a major new release with many improvements, new features, and bug) 152.1 416.33 T
(\336xes. This document provides an introduction to the new features and describes the most) 152.1 404.33 T
-0.18 (common problems you are likely to encounter when porting scripts from Tk 3.6, the previ-) 152.1 392.33 P
(ous release. This is) 152.1 380.33 T
2 F
(not) 230.66 380.33 T
3 F
( an introduction to Tk: I assume that you are already familiar with) 243.43 380.33 T
(Tk 3.6 as described in the book) 152.1 368.33 T
2 F
(T) 279.79 368.33 T
(cl and the Tk T) 284.43 368.33 T
(oolkit) 343.48 368.33 T
3 F
(.) 366.24 368.33 T
-0.26 (The good news about Tk 4.0 is that it has many improvements over Tk 3.6. Here are a) 170.1 356.33 P
(few of the most important new features:) 152.1 344.33 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 152.1 329.33 T
3 10 Q
(Tk 4.0 includes a general-purpose mechanism for manipulating color images \050Tk 3.6) 162.9 329.33 T
(supports only monochrome images\051.) 162.9 317.33 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 152.1 302.33 T
3 10 Q
-0.17 (The text widget in Tk 4.0 includes many new features such as tab stops, embedded win-) 162.9 302.33 P
(dows, horizontal scrolling, and many new formatting options.) 162.9 290.33 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 152.1 275.33 T
3 10 Q
(The binding mechanism in Tk 4.0 is much more powerful in Tk 3.6.) 162.9 275.33 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 152.1 260.33 T
3 10 Q
(Motif compliance is much better) 162.9 260.33 T
(. For example, there is now support for keyboard tra-) 292.82 260.33 T
(versal and focus highlights.) 162.9 248.33 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 152.1 233.33 T
3 10 Q
(Many widgets have been improved. For example, buttons and labels can display multi-) 162.9 233.33 T
(line justi\336ed text, and scales can handle real values.) 162.9 221.33 T
(The bad news about Tk 4.0 is that it contains several incompatibilities with Tk 3.6.) 170.1 206.33 T
(Ever since the \336rst release of Tk I have assumed that there would eventually be a major) 152.1 194.33 T
(new release of Tk with substantial incompatibilities. I knew that I wouldn\325) 152.1 182.33 T
(t be able to get) 450.06 182.33 T
(all of the features of Tk right the \336rst time; rather than live forever with all of my early) 152.1 170.33 T
(mistakes, I wanted to have a chance to correct them. Tk 4.0 is that correction. I apologize) 152.1 158.33 T
-0.05 (for the incompatibilities, but I hope they improve Tk enough to justify the dif) 152.1 146.33 P
-0.05 (\336culties you) 460.55 146.33 P
44.1 351 98.1 423 C
35.1 360 197.1 414 R
7 X
0 K
V
1 9 Q
0 X
(FIGURE  1) 35.1 408 T
(T) 35.1 387 T
(ABLE  1) 40.43 387 T
26.1 351 125.1 423 R
7 X
V
40.5 63 571.5 729 C
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "1" 2
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612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
0 10 Q
0 X
0 K
(2) 98.1 668.33 T
4 F
(Tk4.0 Overview and Porting Guide) 359.34 668.33 T
98.1 660.6 512.1 660.6 2 L
0.25 H
0 Z
N
98.1 135 512.1 639 R
7 X
V
3 F
0 X
(encounter during porting. Tk 4.0 is a one-time correction: we will try very hard to avoid) 152.1 632.33 T
(substantial incompatibilities \050especially in Tk\325) 152.1 620.3 T
(s T) 337 620.3 T
(cl-level interfaces\051 in future releases.) 348.79 620.3 T
-0.4 (Sections 1-1) 170.1 608.3 P
-0.4 (1 cover the major areas of change in Tk 4.0: bindings, focus, text widgets,) 219.02 608.3 P
-0 (Motif compliance, other widget changes, images, color management, event handling, sup-) 152.1 596.26 P
(port for multiple displays, the) 152.1 584.23 T
5 F
(send) 273.14 584.23 T
3 F
( command, and the selection. Section 12 summarizes) 297.13 584.23 T
(several smaller changes. Section 13 lists all of the incompatibilities that af) 152.1 572.19 T
(fect T) 448.4 572.19 T
(cl scripts,) 471.29 572.19 T
-0.02 (along with suggestions for how to deal with them. The explanations here are not intended) 152.1 560.16 P
(to be comprehensive, but rather to introduce you to the issues; for complete information) 152.1 548.12 T
(on new or modi\336ed commands, refer to the reference documentation that comes with the) 152.1 536.09 T
(distribution.) 152.1 524.05 T
98.1 480.7 512.1 483.72 C
152.1 481.92 512.1 481.92 2 L
0.5 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
98.1 482.21 143.1 482.21 2 L
0 Z
N
40.5 63 571.5 729 C
0 12 Q
0 X
0 K
(1) 134.63 487.72 T
(Bindings) 152.1 487.72 T
3 10 Q
-0.35 (The changes for Tk 4.0 that are most likely to af) 152.1 464.03 P
-0.35 (fect existing T) 341.31 464.03 P
-0.35 (cl scripts are those related to) 397.64 464.03 P
(bindings. The new binding mechanism in Tk 4.0 is much more powerful than that of Tk) 152.1 452 T
(3.6, particularly in the way it allows behaviors to be combined, but several incompatible) 152.1 439.96 T
(changes were required to implement the new features. These changes are likely to break) 152.1 427.93 T
(most Tk 3.6 scripts. Fortunately) 152.1 415.89 T
(, it is relatively easy to upgrade your bindings to work) 279.16 415.89 T
(under Tk 4.0.) 152.1 403.86 T
-0.27 (The basic mechanism for bindings is the same as in Tk 3.6. A binding associates a T) 170.1 391.86 P
-0.27 (cl) 502.65 391.86 P
(script with a particular event \050or sequence of events\051 occurring in one or more windows;) 152.1 379.82 T
-0.11 (the script will be invoked automatically whenever the event sequence occurs in any of the) 152.1 367.79 P
-0.13 (speci\336ed windows. The Tk 4.0 binding mechanism has three major feature changes. First,) 152.1 355.75 P
(there is a more general mechanism for specifying the relationship between windows and) 152.1 343.72 T
(bindings, called) 152.1 331.68 T
2 F
(binding tags) 217.89 331.68 T
3 F
(. Second, the con\337ict resolution mechanism \050which is) 267.6 331.68 T
(invoked when more than one binding matches an event\051 has been changed to allow more) 152.1 319.65 T
(than one binding script to execute for a single event. Third, the) 152.1 307.61 T
5 F
(Any) 405.81 307.61 T
3 F
( modi\336er is now) 423.8 307.61 T
(implicit in all binding patterns. These changes are discussed separately in the subsections) 152.1 295.58 T
(that follow) 152.1 283.54 T
(.) 195.04 283.54 T
-0.16 (Overall, the main ef) 170.1 271.54 P
-0.16 (fect of Tk 4.0\325) 249.37 271.54 P
-0.16 (s binding changes is that it allows more bindings to) 306.06 271.54 P
(trigger than Tk 3.6 does. Feedback from the T) 152.1 259.51 T
(cl/Tk community about the Tk 3.6 binding) 335.71 259.51 T
(mechanism indicated that it was too conservative about triggering bindings. This caused) 152.1 247.47 T
(the system to lose behaviors relatively easily and made the binding structure fragile. It) 152.1 235.44 T
-0.35 (appears to be easier to deal with too many binding invocations than too few) 152.1 223.4 P
-0.35 (, so Tk 4.0 tries) 449.17 223.4 P
(to err in this direction.) 152.1 211.37 T
0 F
(1.1) 127.41 181.37 T
(Binding tags) 152.1 181.37 T
3 F
(In Tk 3.6 you specify the window\050s\051 for a binding in one of three ways:) 152.1 165.37 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 152.1 150.37 T
3 10 Q
(Y) 162.9 150.37 T
(ou give the name of a window) 169.12 150.37 T
(, such as) 289.49 150.37 T
5 F
(.a.b.c) 326.13 150.37 T
3 F
(, in which case the binding applies) 362.11 150.37 T
(only to that window) 162.9 138.33 T
(.) 242.49 138.33 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "2" 3
%%Page: "3" 3
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
4 10 Q
0 X
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(1 Bindings) 98.1 668.33 T
0 F
(3) 506.54 668.33 T
98.1 660.6 512.1 660.6 2 L
0.25 H
0 Z
N
98.1 135 512.1 639 R
7 X
V
3 12 Q
0 X
(\245) 152.1 632.33 T
3 10 Q
-0.06 (Y) 162.9 632.33 P
-0.06 (ou give the name of a class, such as) 169.12 632.33 P
5 F
-0.15 (Button) 313.45 632.33 P
3 F
-0.06 (, in which case the binding applies to all) 349.43 632.33 P
(the windows of that class.) 162.9 620.33 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 152.1 605.33 T
3 10 Q
(Y) 162.9 605.33 T
(ou specify) 169.12 605.33 T
5 F
(all) 212.97 605.33 T
3 F
(, in which case the binding applies to all windows.) 230.96 605.33 T
-0.3 (In Tk4.0 you specify the window\050s\051 using a more general mechanism called a) 170.1 590.33 P
2 F
-0.3 (binding) 479.35 590.33 P
(tag) 152.1 578.33 T
3 F
(. A binding tag may be an arbitrary string, but if it starts with a \322.\323 then it must be the) 164.87 578.33 T
(name of a window) 152.1 566.33 T
(. If you specify a class name or) 225.56 566.33 T
5 F
(all) 352.4 566.33 T
3 F
( as a binding tag, it will usually) 370.39 566.33 T
-0.1 (have the same ef) 152.1 554.33 P
-0.1 (fect as in Tk 3.6, but you may also specify other strings that were not per-) 218.51 554.33 P
(mitted in Tk 3.6.) 152.1 542.33 T
-0.07 (Each window in Tk 4.0 has a list of binding tags. When an event occurs in a window) 170.1 530.33 P
-0.07 (,) 507.17 530.33 P
-0.19 (Tk fetches the window\325) 152.1 518.33 P
-0.19 (s binding tags and matches the event against all of the bindings for) 245.62 518.33 P
-0.09 (any of the tags. By default, the binding tags for a window consist of the window name, its) 152.1 506.33 P
-0.14 (class name, the name of its nearest toplevel ancestor) 152.1 494.33 P
-0.14 (, and) 359.61 494.33 P
5 F
-0.33 (all) 381.26 494.33 P
3 F
-0.14 (. For example, a button win-) 399.25 494.33 P
(dow named) 152.1 482.33 T
5 F
(.b) 200.95 482.33 T
3 F
( will have the tags) 212.95 482.33 T
5 9 Q
(.b Button . all) 179.1 468 T
3 10 Q
(by default and all of the following bindings will apply to the window:) 152.1 454.33 T
5 9 Q
(bind .b <Enter> {identify "press here to exit"}) 179.1 440 T
(bind Button <Button-Release-1> {%W invoke}) 179.1 430 T
(bind all <Help> {help %W}) 179.1 420 T
3 10 Q
(So far) 152.1 406.33 T
(, this mechanism produces the same behavior as in Tk 3.6 except that bindings cre-) 175.85 406.33 T
(ated for a toplevel also apply to its descendants \050see Section 1.5 for more on this issue\051.) 152.1 394.33 T
(Y) 170.1 382.33 T
(ou can use the) 176.32 382.33 T
5 F
(bindtags) 235.71 382.33 T
3 F
( command to change the binding tags for a window or) 283.69 382.33 T
(their order) 152.1 370.33 T
(. For example, the command) 193.46 370.33 T
5 9 Q
(bindtags .b {.b MyButton all}) 179.1 356 T
3 10 Q
(will change the binding tags for) 152.1 342.33 T
5 F
(.b) 281.46 342.33 T
3 F
( to the three values in the list. This provides a simple) 293.45 342.33 T
(way to make radical changes the behavior of a window) 152.1 330.33 T
(. After the above command is) 371.55 330.33 T
(invoked none of the) 152.1 318.33 T
5 F
(Button) 234.26 318.33 T
3 F
( class bindings will apply to) 270.24 318.33 T
5 F
(.b) 384.63 318.33 T
3 F
(. Instead, bindings for) 396.63 318.33 T
5 F
-0.81 (MyButton) 152.1 306.33 P
3 F
-0.34 ( will apply; this might give the button a totally dif) 200.07 306.33 P
-0.34 (ferent set of behaviors than a) 395.88 306.33 P
(normal button. In addition, the) 152.1 294.33 T
5 F
(bindtags) 276.75 294.33 T
3 F
( command removes the \322.\323 tag, so bindings on) 324.72 294.33 T
(\322.\323 will not apply to) 152.1 282.33 T
5 F
(.b) 234.27 282.33 T
3 F
(.) 246.27 282.33 T
(Y) 170.1 270.33 T
(ou can also place additional tags on a window with the) 176.32 270.33 T
5 F
(bindtags) 397.55 270.33 T
3 F
( command to) 445.53 270.33 T
(combine a number of behaviors. For example,) 152.1 258.33 T
5 9 Q
(bindtags .b {.b MyButton Button . all}) 179.1 244 T
3 10 Q
(gives) 152.1 230.33 T
5 F
(.b) 175.7 230.33 T
3 F
( the behaviors of) 187.69 230.33 T
5 F
(MyButton) 257.08 230.33 T
3 F
( bindings as well as those speci\336ed by) 305.06 230.33 T
5 F
(Button) 459.96 230.33 T
3 F
(bindings.) 152.1 218.33 T
(Overall, binding tags are similar to the tag mechanisms already used internally by) 170.1 206.33 T
(canvas and text widgets in Tk 3.6, except that binding tags apply to windows instead of) 152.1 194.33 T
(graphical objects or textual characters.) 152.1 182.33 T
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5 F
(<Control-a>) 204.57 567.89 T
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( takes precedence over a binding on) 270.54 567.89 T
5 F
(<KeyPress>.) 416.24 567.89 T
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-0.35 ( binding tag on the window where the event occurs. The bindings trigger in) 213.57 543.78 P
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(.b) 296.17 531.67 T
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(.b) 489.71 531.67 T
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(.) 408.34 519.56 T
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(, and if there) 456.98 507.44 T
(are several matching bindings for a given tag then a single one is chosen using the same) 152.1 495.33 T
(rules as in Tk 3.6.) 152.1 483.22 T
(The philosophy behind binding tags in Tk 4.0 is that each binding tag corresponds to) 170.1 471.22 T
(an independent behavior) 152.1 459.11 T
(, so bindings with dif) 249.96 459.11 T
(ferent tags should usually be additive. Sup-) 334.46 459.11 T
(pose you de\336ned the following binding:) 152.1 447 T
5 9 Q
(bind .b <Enter> {puts "press here to exit"}) 179.1 432.67 T
3 10 Q
(This binding will add to the behavior de\336ned by the Button class binding for) 152.1 419 T
5 F
(<Enter>) 460.81 419 T
3 F
(.) 502.79 419 T
(In Tk 3.6, the widget-speci\336c binding will replace the class binding, which will break the) 152.1 406.89 T
(behavior of the button so that it no longer has normal button behavior) 152.1 394.78 T
(.) 429.71 394.78 T
(Sometimes there need to be interactions between binding tags. For example, you) 170.1 382.78 T
(might wish to keep most of the default button behavior for) 152.1 370.67 T
5 F
(.b) 388.34 370.67 T
3 F
( but replace the default) 400.33 370.67 T
(behavior for) 152.1 358.56 T
5 F
(<ButtonRelease>) 203.72 358.56 T
3 F
( with some other behavior) 293.67 358.56 T
(. T) 397.49 358.56 T
(o allow bindings to be) 407.9 358.56 T
-0.17 (overridden, Tk 4.0 allows the) 152.1 346.44 P
5 F
-0.41 (break) 271.44 346.44 P
3 F
-0.17 ( command to be invoked from inside a binding. This) 301.43 346.44 P
(causes all remaining binding tags for that binding to be skipped. Consider the following) 152.1 334.33 T
(binding:) 152.1 322.22 T
5 9 Q
(bind .b <ButtonRelease-1> {myRelease .b; break}) 179.1 307.89 T
3 10 Q
-0.21 (This will cause the) 152.1 294.22 P
5 F
-0.5 (myRelease) 228.99 294.22 P
3 F
-0.21 ( procedure to be invoked, then the) 282.96 294.22 P
5 F
-0.5 (break) 420.28 294.22 P
3 F
-0.21 ( command will) 450.26 294.22 P
-0.37 (cause the class binding for the event to be skipped \050assuming that the widget name appears) 152.1 282.11 P
(before its class in the binding tags for) 152.1 270 T
5 F
(.b) 304.78 270 T
3 F
(\051, along with any bindings for other tags.) 316.77 270 T
2 F
(Note:) 119.09 254 T
-0.07 (Y) 152.1 254 P
-0.07 (ou cannot invoke) 156.74 254 P
6 F
-0.17 (break) 227.31 254 P
2 F
-0.07 ( fr) 257.29 254 P
-0.07 (om within the) 266.02 254 P
6 F
-0.17 (myRelease) 322.73 254 P
2 F
-0.07 ( pr) 376.7 254 P
-0.07 (ocedur) 387.64 254 P
-0.07 (e in the above example:) 415.03 254 P
-0.02 (this will generate a T) 152.1 242.89 P
-0.02 (cl err) 236.05 242.89 P
-0.02 (or) 257.59 242.89 P
-0.02 (. However) 265.37 242.89 P
-0.02 (, you can invoke the command \322) 305.31 242.89 P
6 F
-0.05 (return -code) 434.25 242.89 P
(break) 152.1 231.78 T
2 F
(\323 in the pr) 182.08 231.78 T
(ocedur) 223.64 231.78 T
(e to achieve the same effect as the) 251.03 231.78 T
6 F
(break) 389.25 231.78 T
2 F
( in the binding script.) 419.23 231.78 T
0 F
(1.3) 127.41 202.78 T
(Implicit Any) 152.1 202.78 T
3 F
-0.13 (In Tk 3.6 extraneous modi\336ers prevent a binding from matching an event. For example, if) 152.1 186.78 P
(a binding is de\336ned for) 152.1 174.67 T
5 F
(<Button-1>) 247.32 174.67 T
3 F
( and the mouse button is pressed with the) 307.29 174.67 T
5 F
(Num-) 474.68 174.67 T
(Lock) 152.1 162.56 T
3 F
( key down, then the binding will not match. If you want a binding to trigger even) 176.09 162.56 T
(when extraneous modi\336ers are present, you must specify the) 152.1 150.45 T
5 F
(Any) 396.37 150.45 T
3 F
( modi\336er) 414.36 150.45 T
(, as in) 450.33 150.45 T
5 F
(<Any-) 476.42 150.45 T
(Button-1>) 152.1 138.33 T
3 F
(.) 206.07 138.33 T
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(<Button-1>) 443.23 620.33 T
3 F
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(NumLock) 309.21 608.33 T
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(,) 351.19 608.33 T
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(Shift) 356.19 608.33 T
3 F
(,) 386.17 608.33 T
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(Control) 391.17 608.33 T
3 F
(, or any combina-) 433.15 608.33 T
(tion of them. If you wish for a binding not to trigger when a modi\336er is present, you can) 152.1 596.33 T
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5 9 Q
(bind .b <Control-ButtonPress-1> {# this script is a no-op}) 179.1 570 T
3 10 Q
(creates a binding that will trigger on mouse button presses when the) 152.1 556.33 T
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(Control) 426.36 556.33 T
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( key is) 468.34 556.33 T
-0.22 (down. If there is also a) 152.1 544.33 P
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-0.52 (<ButtonPress-1>) 244.35 544.33 P
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-0.22 ( binding for) 334.3 544.33 P
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-0.52 (.b) 383.35 544.33 P
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-0.22 (, it will no longer be invoked) 395.34 544.33 P
-0.02 (if the) 152.1 532.33 P
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-0.05 (Control) 175.37 532.33 P
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-0.02 ( key is down, due to the con\337ict resolution rules. The script for the above) 217.35 532.33 P
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(cl comment, so it has no ef) 223.59 520.33 T
(fect when it is invoked. Alternatively) 330.84 520.33 T
(, you) 478.98 520.33 T
(could use) 152.1 508.33 T
5 F
(%s) 192.63 508.33 T
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( in the binding script to extract the modi\336er state, then test to see that only) 204.62 508.33 T
(desired modi\336ers are present.) 152.1 496.33 T
0 F
(1.4) 127.41 466.33 T
(Porting problems: widget bindings vs. class bindings) 152.1 466.33 T
3 F
-0.38 (Y) 152.1 450.33 P
-0.38 (ou are likely to encounter two problems with bindings when you port Tk 3.6 scripts to Tk) 158.32 450.33 P
-0.18 (4.0: widget bindings vs. class bindings, and events on top-level windows. This section dis-) 152.1 438.33 P
(cusses the \336rst problem and the following section discusses the second problem.) 152.1 426.33 T
(In Tk 3.6, if a widget-speci\336c binding matches an event then no class binding will) 170.1 414.33 T
-0.15 (trigger for the event; in Tk 4.0 both bindings will trigger) 152.1 402.33 P
-0.15 (. Because of this change, you will) 375.75 402.33 P
-0.09 (need to modify most of your widget-speci\336c bindings in one of two ways. If a widget-spe-) 152.1 390.33 P
(ci\336c binding in Tk 3.6 was intended to supplement the class binding, this could only be) 152.1 378.33 T
(done by duplicating the code of the class binding in the widget binding script. This dupli-) 152.1 366.33 T
-0.02 (cated code is no longer necessary in Tk 4.0 and will probably interfere with the new class) 152.1 354.33 P
(bindings in Tk 4.0; you should remove the duplicated class code, leaving only the widget-) 152.1 342.33 T
(speci\336c code in the binding script. If a widget-speci\336c binding in Tk 3.6 was intended to) 152.1 330.33 T
-0.17 (override the class binding, this will no longer occur by default in Tk 4.0; you should add a) 152.1 318.33 P
5 F
-0.54 (break) 152.1 306.33 P
3 F
-0.22 ( command at the end of the binding script to prevent the class binding from trigger-) 182.08 306.33 P
(ing. If a widget binding in Tk 3.6 didn\325) 152.1 294.33 T
(t con\337ict with a class binding, then you will not) 308.49 294.33 T
(need to modify it for Tk 4.0. For example, a widget binding for) 152.1 282.33 T
5 F
(<Help>) 407.49 282.33 T
3 F
( in a text widget) 443.47 282.33 T
(would not need to be modi\336ed, since it doesn\325) 152.1 270.33 T
(t con\337ict with a class binding.) 336.53 270.33 T
0 F
(1.5) 127.41 240.33 T
(Porting problems: events on top-levels) 152.1 240.33 T
3 F
-0.26 (The second binding problem you are likely to encounter in porting Tk 3.6 scripts to Tk 4.0) 152.1 224.33 P
(is that in Tk 4.0 a binding on a toplevel will match events on any of the internal windows) 152.1 212.33 T
(within that top-level. For example, suppose you have a binding created as follows:) 152.1 200.33 T
5 9 Q
(toplevel .t) 179.1 186 T
(button .t.b1 ...) 179.1 176 T
(button .t.b2 ...) 179.1 166 T
(bind .t <Enter> action) 179.1 156 T
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(bind .t <Control-a> {controlAProc %W}) 179.1 582 T
3 10 Q
(will cause) 152.1 568.33 T
5 F
(controlAProc) 194.85 568.33 T
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( to be invoked whenever) 266.81 568.33 T
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(Control-a) 367.56 568.33 T
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( is typed in any of the) 421.53 568.33 T
-0.12 (windows in) 152.1 556.33 P
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-0.29 (.t) 200.72 556.33 P
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-0.12 (. The procedure will receive the name of the focus window as its ar) 212.71 556.33 P
-0.12 (gument.) 479.62 556.33 P
(Unfortunately) 170.1 544.33 T
(, if you have created bindings on toplevel windows in your Tk 3.6) 225.52 544.33 T
-0.16 (scripts, they probably expect to trigger only for events in the toplevel, so the bindings will) 152.1 532.33 P
(misbehave under Tk 4.0. Fortunately you can reproduce the behavior of Tk 3.6 by using) 152.1 520.33 T
(the) 152.1 508.33 T
5 F
(%W) 166.81 508.33 T
3 F
( substitution in the binding script. For example, to ensure that) 178.8 508.33 T
5 F
(action) 427.28 508.33 T
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( is invoked) 463.26 508.33 T
(only for) 152.1 496.33 T
5 F
(Enter) 186.52 496.33 T
3 F
( events in a toplevel window itself, create the following binding in place) 216.51 496.33 T
(of the one above:) 152.1 484.33 T
5 9 Q
(bind .t <Enter> {) 179.1 470 T
(if {"%W" == ".t"} {) 200.63 460 T
(action) 222.23 450 T
(}) 200.63 440 T
(}) 179.1 430 T
3 10 Q
-0.01 (When an) 152.1 416.33 P
5 F
-0.03 (Enter) 190.38 416.33 P
3 F
-0.01 ( event occurs in a descendant of) 220.36 416.33 P
5 F
-0.03 (.t) 350.45 416.33 P
3 F
-0.01 ( such as) 362.45 416.33 P
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-0.03 (.t.x) 396.56 416.33 P
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-0.01 (, a binding for) 420.54 416.33 P
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-0.03 (Enter) 479.63 416.33 P
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(in) 152.1 404.33 T
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(.t.x) 162.37 404.33 T
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( will trigger \336rst, if there is one. Then the above binding will trigger) 186.36 404.33 T
(. Since) 457.58 404.33 T
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(%W) 487.29 404.33 T
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(will be substituted with) 152.1 392.33 T
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(.t.x) 248.17 392.33 T
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(, the) 272.15 392.33 T
5 F
(if) 291.86 392.33 T
3 F
( condition will not be satis\336ed and the binding will) 303.86 392.33 T
(not do anything.) 152.1 380.33 T
-0.14 ( An alternative solution is to remove the toplevel window from the binding tags of all) 170.1 368.33 P
-0.12 (its internal windows. However) 152.1 356.33 P
-0.12 (, this means that you won\325) 274.03 356.33 P
-0.12 (t be able to take advantage of the) 378.73 356.33 P
(tag to create key bindings that apply everywhere within the toplevel.) 152.1 344.33 T
0 F
(1.6) 127.41 314.33 T
(Internal bindings in canvases and texts) 152.1 314.33 T
3 F
(The same changes in con\337ict resolution described in Section 1.2 also apply to bindings) 152.1 298.33 T
-0.05 (created internally for the items of a canvas or the tags of a text widget. If a canvas item or) 152.1 286.33 P
-0.29 (character of text has multiple tags, then one binding can trigger for each tag on each event.) 152.1 274.33 P
-0.32 (The bindings trigger in the priority order of the tags. Similar porting problems are likely to) 152.1 262.33 P
-0.19 (occur as described in Section 1.4; if a binding for one tag needs to override that of another) 152.1 250.33 P
(tag, you\325ll need to add a) 152.1 238.33 T
5 F
(break) 251.2 238.33 T
3 F
( command under Tk 4.0; if a binding for one tag dupli-) 281.18 238.33 T
-0.28 (cated the code from another tag\325) 152.1 226.33 P
-0.28 (s binding, so that they will compose in Tk 3.6, you\325ll have) 279.76 226.33 P
(to remove the duplicated code in Tk 4.0.) 152.1 214.33 T
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(The input focus is another area where Tk 4.0 contains major changes. Fortunately) 152.1 607.31 T
(, the) 477.87 607.31 T
-0.09 (focus changes should not require as many modi\336cations to your Tk 3.6 scripts as the bind-) 152.1 595.31 P
(ing changes.) 152.1 583.31 T
0 F
(2.1) 127.41 553.31 T
(One focus window per toplevel) 152.1 553.31 T
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(Tk 3.6 only keeps track of a single focus window for each application, and this results in) 152.1 537.31 T
(two problems. First, it doesn\325) 152.1 525.31 T
(t allow an application to use multiple displays since this) 269.64 525.31 T
-0.16 (could result in multiple simultaneous focus windows, one on each display) 152.1 513.31 P
-0.16 (. Second, the Tk) 444.99 513.31 P
(3.6 model doesn\325) 152.1 501.31 T
(t work very well for applications that have multiple toplevels: when the) 221.04 501.31 T
(mouse moves from one toplevel to another) 152.1 489.31 T
(, the focus window should switch to whatever) 322.7 489.31 T
-0.24 (window had the focus the last time the mouse was in the new toplevel, but Tk 3.6 does not) 152.1 477.31 P
(remember this information.) 152.1 465.31 T
(Tk 4.0 corrects both of these problems. It remembers one focus window for each) 170.1 453.31 T
(toplevel, which can be queried with the) 152.1 441.31 T
5 F
(focus -lastfor) 311.98 441.31 T
3 F
( command. When the win-) 395.94 441.31 T
(dow manager gives the focus to a toplevel window \050because the mouse entered the win-) 152.1 429.31 T
(dow or because you clicked on the window) 152.1 417.31 T
(, depending on the focus model being used by) 324.38 417.31 T
(the window manager\051, Tk passes the focus on to the remembered window) 152.1 405.31 T
(. Several win-) 446.23 405.31 T
(dows in an application can have the focus at the same time, one on each display the appli-) 152.1 393.31 T
(cation is using. When asking for the current focus window in the) 152.1 381.31 T
5 F
(focus) 413.31 381.31 T
3 F
( command, you) 443.29 381.31 T
(can use the) 152.1 369.31 T
5 F
(-displayof) 199 369.31 T
3 F
( switch to specify a particular display) 258.97 369.31 T
(.) 407.66 369.31 T
(When you set the focus to a window with the) 170.1 357.31 T
5 F
(focus) 353.31 357.31 T
3 F
( command, Tk remembers that) 383.29 357.31 T
(window as the most recent focus window for its toplevel. In addition, if the application) 152.1 345.31 T
(currently has the focus for the window\325) 152.1 333.31 T
(s display) 309.2 333.31 T
(, Tk moves the focus to the speci\336ed win-) 343.82 333.31 T
-0.35 (dow; this can be used, for example to move the focus to a dialog when the dialog is posted,) 152.1 321.31 P
(or to perform keyboard traversal among the toplevels of an application. If the application) 152.1 309.31 T
(doesn\325) 152.1 297.31 T
(t currently have the focus for the display) 178.57 297.31 T
(, then Tk will not normally take the focus) 339.74 297.31 T
(from its current owner) 152.1 285.31 T
(. However) 241.2 285.31 T
(, you can specify the) 282.43 285.31 T
5 F
(-force) 367.36 285.31 T
3 F
( ar) 403.34 285.31 T
(gument to) 413.43 285.31 T
5 F
(focus) 456.18 285.31 T
3 F
( to) 486.17 285.31 T
(insist that Tk grab the focus for this application \050in general this is probably not a good) 152.1 273.31 T
(idea, since it may clash with the window manager) 152.1 261.31 T
(\325) 352.05 261.31 T
(s focus policy\051.) 354.83 261.31 T
0 F
(2.2) 127.41 231.31 T
(Keyboard traversal) 152.1 231.31 T
3 F
-0.38 (Tk 4.0 has a much more complete implementation of keyboard traversal than Tk 3.6. In Tk) 152.1 215.31 P
(3.6 there is built-in support only for keyboard traversal of menus. In Tk 4.0 keyboard tra-) 152.1 203.31 T
(versal is implemented for all widgets. Y) 152.1 191.31 T
(ou can type) 311.27 191.31 T
5 F
(Tab) 359.85 191.31 T
3 F
( to move the focus among the) 377.84 191.31 T
-0.4 (windows within a toplevel and) 152.1 179.31 P
5 F
-0.95 (Shift+Tab) 275.31 179.31 P
3 F
-0.4 ( to move in the reverse direction. The order of) 329.28 179.31 P
-0.11 (traversal is de\336ned by the stacking order of widgets, with the lowest widget \336rst in the tra-) 152.1 167.31 P
(versal order) 152.1 155.31 T
(. All Tk widgets now provide a) 199 155.31 T
5 F
(-takefocus) 326.14 155.31 T
3 F
( option, which determines) 386.11 155.31 T
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(8) 98.1 668.33 T
4 F
(Tk4.0 Overview and Porting Guide) 359.34 668.33 T
98.1 660.6 512.1 660.6 2 L
0.25 H
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7 X
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3 F
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(whether the window should accept the focus during traversal or be skipped. This option) 152.1 632.33 T
(has several features; see the) 152.1 620.33 T
5 F
(options.n) 265.61 620.33 T
3 F
( manual entry for details.) 319.58 620.33 T
(All of the Tk widgets provide a traversal highlight ring as required by Motif. The) 170.1 608.33 T
(highlight ring turns dark when the widget has the input focus. Its size and colors are con-) 152.1 596.33 T
(trolled by the) 152.1 584.33 T
5 F
(-highlightthickness) 207.9 584.33 T
3 F
(,) 321.84 584.33 T
5 F
(-highlightbackground) 326.83 584.33 T
3 F
(, and) 446.77 584.33 T
5 F
(-) 152.1 572.33 T
(highlightcolor) 158.1 572.33 T
3 F
( options. Y) 242.05 572.33 T
(ou may notice that widgets appear to have extra space) 285.2 572.33 T
(around them in Tk 4.0; this is due to the traversal highlight ring, which is normally the) 152.1 560.33 T
(same color as the background for widgets.) 152.1 548.33 T
0 F
(2.3) 127.41 518.33 T
(Support for focus-follows-mouse) 152.1 518.33 T
3 F
(Both Tk 3.6 and Tk 4.0 use an) 152.1 502.33 T
2 F
(explicit focus model) 275.91 502.33 T
3 F
( within a toplevel. This means that) 355.86 502.33 T
(moving the mouse among the windows of a toplevel does not normally move the focus;) 152.1 490.33 T
-0.06 (you have to click or perform some other action \050such as pressing) 152.1 478.33 P
5 F
-0.15 (Tab) 412.26 478.33 P
3 F
-0.06 (\051 to move the focus.) 430.25 478.33 P
(Tk 3.6 has no support for an) 152.1 466.33 T
2 F
(implicit focus model) 267.58 466.33 T
3 F
( where the window under the mouse) 348.64 466.33 T
(always has the focus. In Tk 4.0 you can invoke the library procedure) 152.1 454.33 T
5 F
(tk_focusFol-) 428.83 454.33 T
(lowsMouse) 152.1 442.33 T
3 F
( to switch to an implicit focus model; in this mode whenever the mouse) 206.07 442.33 T
(enters a new window the focus will switch to that window) 152.1 430.33 T
(.) 384.07 430.33 T
0 F
(2.4) 127.41 400.33 T
(No default focus window) 152.1 400.33 T
(, no \322none\323 focus.) 269.45 400.33 T
3 F
-0.16 (Tk 3.6 has the notion of a default focus window) 152.1 384.33 P
-0.16 (, which receives the focus if the focus win-) 341.56 384.33 P
(dow is deleted. It is also possible for an application to abandon the input focus by setting) 152.1 372.33 T
(the focus to) 152.1 360.33 T
5 F
(none) 201.23 360.33 T
3 F
(. In Tk 4.0 both of these features have been eliminated. There is no) 225.22 360.33 T
(default focus window) 152.1 348.33 T
(, and the focus can never be explicitly abandoned. If the focus win-) 238.05 348.33 T
(dow is destroyed, Tk resets the input focus to the toplevel containing the old focus win-) 152.1 336.33 T
(dow) 152.1 324.33 T
(. If the toplevel is destroyed, the window manager will reclaim the focus and move it) 168.66 324.33 T
(elsewhere.) 152.1 312.33 T
-0.18 (If you really want to abandon the focus in Tk 4.0 so that keyboard events are ignored,) 170.1 300.33 P
(you can create a dummy window with no key bindings \050set its binding tags to an empty) 152.1 288.33 T
(string to be sure\051, make sure that is never mapped, and give it the input focus.) 152.1 276.33 T
0 F
(2.5) 127.41 246.33 T
(Better focus events) 152.1 246.33 T
3 F
-0.13 (Tk 3.6 has a quirky event model for) 152.1 230.33 P
5 F
-0.32 (FocusIn) 296.77 230.33 P
3 F
-0.13 ( and) 338.75 230.33 P
5 F
-0.32 (FocusOut) 357.92 230.33 P
3 F
-0.13 ( events: when the window) 405.89 230.33 P
-0.23 (manager gives the focus to a toplevel, Tk generates a) 152.1 218.33 P
5 F
-0.55 (FocusIn) 364.36 218.33 P
3 F
-0.23 ( event for the toplevel and) 406.33 218.33 P
(another) 152.1 206.33 T
5 F
(FocusIn) 184.57 206.33 T
3 F
( event for the focus window) 226.55 206.33 T
(, but no events for any other windows.) 337.76 206.33 T
(When the window manager moves the focus somewhere else,) 152.1 194.33 T
5 F
(FocusOut) 400.79 194.33 T
3 F
( events are gen-) 448.77 194.33 T
-0 (erated for these same two windows. In Tk 4.0,) 152.1 182.33 P
5 F
-0 (FocusIn) 339.73 182.33 P
3 F
-0 ( and) 381.71 182.33 P
5 F
-0 (FocusOut) 401.13 182.33 P
3 F
-0 ( events are gen-) 449.11 182.33 P
-0.26 (erated in the same way as) 152.1 170.33 P
5 F
-0.63 (Enter) 255.43 170.33 P
3 F
-0.26 ( and) 285.41 170.33 P
5 F
-0.63 (Leave) 304.31 170.33 P
3 F
-0.26 ( events: when the focus arrives, a) 334.29 170.33 P
5 F
-0.63 (FocusIn) 467.89 170.33 P
3 F
-0.05 (event is generated for each window from the toplevel down to the focus window) 152.1 158.33 P
-0.05 (, with dif-) 472.5 158.33 P
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(9) 506.54 668.33 T
98.1 660.6 512.1 660.6 2 L
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0 Z
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98.1 135 512.1 639 R
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3 F
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-0.33 (ferent detail \336elds for dif) 152.1 632.33 P
-0.33 (ferent windows \050see Xlib documentation for information on these) 250.53 632.33 P
(values\051. The reverse happens when the focus leaves a window) 152.1 620.33 T
(.) 399.57 620.33 T
0 F
(2.6) 127.41 590.33 T
(Porting issues) 152.1 590.33 T
3 F
(If you didn\325) 152.1 574.33 T
(t have any special focus-related code in Tk 3.6, then you shouldn\325) 199.66 574.33 T
(t need to) 462.9 574.33 T
(make any changes for 4.0; things will just work better) 152.1 562.33 T
(. If you wrote code in Tk 3.6 to get) 366.96 562.33 T
(around the weaknesses with its focus mechanism, then you should remove most or all of) 152.1 550.33 T
(that code. For example, if you implemented keyboard traversal yourself, or if you built) 152.1 538.33 T
(your own mechanism to remember a separate focus window for each toplevel and give it) 152.1 526.33 T
(the input focus whenever the toplevel gets the focus, you can simply remove this code,) 152.1 514.33 T
-0.33 (since Tk 4.0 performs these functions for you. If you wrote code that depends on the weird) 152.1 502.33 P
-0.03 (event model in Tk 3.6, that code will need to be rewritten for Tk 4.0. The Tk 4.0 model is) 152.1 490.33 P
(general enough to duplicate any ef) 152.1 478.33 T
(fects that were possible in Tk 3.6.) 289.86 478.33 T
98.1 434.98 512.1 438 C
152.1 436.2 512.1 436.2 2 L
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98.1 436.49 143.1 436.49 2 L
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(3) 134.63 442 T
(T) 152.1 442 T
(ext widgets) 158.54 442 T
3 10 Q
(T) 152.1 418.31 T
(ext widgets have under) 157.51 418.31 T
(gone a major overhaul for Tk 4.0 and they have improved in) 249.76 418.31 T
(many ways. The changes to text widgets are almost entirely upward-compatible from Tk) 152.1 406.31 T
(3.6.) 152.1 394.31 T
0 F
(3.1) 127.41 364.31 T
(Embedded windows.) 152.1 364.31 T
3 F
(Tk 3.6 supported two kinds of annotations in texts: marks and tags. In Tk 4.0 a third kind) 152.1 348.31 T
-0.04 (of annotation is available: an embedded window) 152.1 336.31 P
-0.04 (. This allows you to embed other widgets) 344.99 336.31 P
(inside a text widget, mixed in with the text. The text widget acts as a geometry manager) 152.1 324.31 T
(for these windows, laying them out and wrapping them just as if each embedded window) 152.1 312.31 T
(were a single character in the text. Y) 152.1 300.31 T
(ou can even have texts with nothing in them but) 297.64 300.31 T
(embedded windows. The) 152.1 288.31 T
5 F
(window) 254.8 288.31 T
3 F
( widget command for text widgets provides several) 290.78 288.31 T
(options to manage embedded windows.) 152.1 276.31 T
0 F
(3.2) 127.41 246.31 T
(More options for tags.) 152.1 246.31 T
3 F
(In Tk 4.0 tags support many new options providing additional control over how informa-) 152.1 230.31 T
(tion is displayed. Here is a summary of the new options:) 152.1 218.31 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 152.1 203.31 T
3 10 Q
(Y) 162.9 203.31 T
(ou can now specify tab stops with the) 169.12 203.31 T
5 F
(-tabs) 321.79 203.31 T
3 F
( option. Each tab stop can use left, cen-) 351.78 203.31 T
(ter) 162.9 191.31 T
(, right, or numeric justi\336cation. T) 173.04 191.31 T
(ab stops can also be speci\336ed for the widget as a) 305.6 191.31 T
(whole.) 162.9 179.31 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 152.1 164.31 T
3 10 Q
(Y) 162.9 164.31 T
(ou can specify justi\336cation \050left, center or right\051 with the) 169.12 164.31 T
5 F
(-justify) 398.12 164.31 T
3 F
( option.) 446.09 164.31 T
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(Tk4.0 Overview and Porting Guide) 359.34 668.33 T
98.1 660.6 512.1 660.6 2 L
0.25 H
0 Z
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98.1 135 512.1 639 R
7 X
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3 12 Q
0 X
(\245) 152.1 632.33 T
3 10 Q
(Y) 162.9 632.33 T
(ou can now specify line spacing with three options,) 169.12 632.33 T
5 F
(-spacing1) 376.75 632.33 T
3 F
(,) 430.72 632.33 T
5 F
(-spacing2) 435.72 632.33 T
3 F
(, and) 489.69 632.33 T
5 F
(-) 162.9 620.2 T
(spacing3) 168.9 620.2 T
3 F
(, which control the spacing above a line, between wrapped lines, and) 216.87 620.2 T
(below a line.) 162.9 608.06 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 152.1 593.06 T
3 10 Q
(Y) 162.9 593.06 T
(ou can now specify mar) 169.12 593.06 T
(gins with the) 264.41 593.06 T
5 F
(-lmargin1) 318.55 593.06 T
3 F
(,) 372.52 593.06 T
5 F
(-lmargin2) 377.52 593.06 T
3 F
(, and) 431.49 593.06 T
5 F
(-rmargin) 453.42 593.06 T
3 F
(options.) 162.9 580.92 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 152.1 565.92 T
3 10 Q
-0.25 (Y) 162.9 565.92 P
-0.25 (ou can now adjust the vertical position of text \050e.g. for superscripts or subscripts\051 with) 169.12 565.92 P
(the) 162.9 553.79 T
5 F
(-offset) 177.61 553.79 T
3 F
( option.) 219.59 553.79 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 152.1 538.79 T
3 10 Q
-0.03 (Y) 162.9 538.79 P
-0.03 (ou can now specify the wrapping style \050word wrapping, character wrapping, or none\051) 169.12 538.79 P
(with the) 162.9 526.65 T
5 F
(-wrap) 197.88 526.65 T
3 F
( option.) 227.86 526.65 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 152.1 511.65 T
3 10 Q
(Y) 162.9 511.65 T
(ou can now request overstriking with the) 169.12 511.65 T
5 F
(-overstrike) 334.83 511.65 T
3 F
( option.) 400.8 511.65 T
0 F
(3.3) 127.41 481.65 T
(Bindings) 152.1 481.65 T
3 F
-0.19 (The default bindings for text widgets have been completely rewritten in Tk 4.0. They now) 152.1 465.65 P
(support almost all of the Motif behavior \050everything except add mode and secondary) 152.1 453.52 T
-0.36 (selections\051. They also include a substantial subset of the Emacs bindings for cursor motion) 152.1 441.38 P
(and basic editing. The) 152.1 429.24 T
5 F
(tk_strictMotif) 242.87 429.24 T
3 F
( variable disables the Emacs bindings.) 326.82 429.24 T
0 F
(3.4) 127.41 399.24 T
(Miscellaneous new features) 152.1 399.24 T
3 F
(In addition to the major changes described above, text widgets also include the following) 152.1 383.24 T
(new features:) 152.1 371.11 T
1 F
(Horizontal scr) 162.9 356.11 T
(olling) 224.07 356.11 T
3 F
(. T) 247.95 356.11 T
(ext widgets can now be scrolled horizontally as well as verti-) 258.36 356.11 T
(cally) 162.9 343.97 T
(, using the) 181.68 343.97 T
5 F
(-) 225.55 343.97 T
(xscrollcommand) 231.54 343.97 T
3 F
( option and the) 315.5 343.97 T
5 F
(xview) 377.68 343.97 T
3 F
( widget command.) 407.67 343.97 T
1 F
(Sear) 162.9 328.97 T
(ching) 182.15 328.97 T
3 F
(. T) 205.48 328.97 T
(ext widgets have a new) 215.88 328.97 T
5 F
(search) 311.64 328.97 T
3 F
( widget command, which provides ef) 347.62 328.97 T
(\336-) 495.67 328.97 T
-0.19 (cient searching of text widgets using either exact matching, glob-style matching, or reg-) 162.9 316.83 P
(ular expressions. Y) 162.9 304.7 T
(ou can search forwards or backwards.) 238.79 304.7 T
1 F
(Mark gravity) 162.9 289.7 T
3 F
(. In Tk 3.6 marks always had \322right gravity\323, which means they stick to) 219.71 289.7 T
(the character on the right side of the mark; if you insert at the position of a mark, the) 162.9 277.56 T
-0.1 (new character goes before the mark. In Tk 4.0 you can specify whether marks have left) 162.9 265.42 P
(or right gravity) 162.9 253.29 T
(.) 222.77 253.29 T
1 F
(Scr) 162.9 238.29 T
(een information) 177.15 238.29 T
3 F
(. In Tk 4.0 there are two new widget commands for text widgets) 245.16 238.29 T
(that return information about the screen layout. The) 162.9 226.15 T
5 F
(dlineinfo) 371.92 226.15 T
3 F
( widget command) 425.89 226.15 T
(returns the bounding box of a display line \050all the information displayed on one line of) 162.9 214.02 T
(the window) 162.9 201.88 T
(, which may be either a whole line of text or a partial line if wrapping has) 209.16 201.88 T
(occurred\051. The) 162.9 189.74 T
5 F
(bbox) 224.23 189.74 T
3 F
( widget command returns the screen area occupied by a single) 248.21 189.74 T
(character) 162.9 177.61 T
(.) 198.97 177.61 T
1 F
(Extended insert command) 162.9 162.61 T
3 F
(. The) 275.06 162.61 T
5 F
(insert) 298.1 162.61 T
3 F
( widget command now supports an addi-) 334.08 162.61 T
-0.32 (tional ar) 162.9 150.47 P
-0.32 (gument giving a list of tags to apply to the new characters. Y) 195.43 150.47 P
-0.32 (ou can also include) 434 150.47 P
(several text and tag ar) 162.9 138.33 T
(guments in a single) 250.42 138.33 T
5 F
(insert) 330.38 138.33 T
3 F
( command.) 366.36 138.33 T
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(1) 501.54 668.33 T
(1) 506.54 668.33 T
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(See command) 162.9 632.33 T
3 F
(. There is a new) 222.03 632.33 T
5 F
(see) 288.08 632.33 T
3 F
( widget command, which adjusts the view in the) 306.07 632.33 T
(widget if needed to ensure that a particular character is visible in the window) 162.9 620.29 T
(.) 470.07 620.29 T
0 F
(3.5) 127.41 590.29 T
(Porting issues: tag stickiness, change in end) 152.1 590.29 T
3 F
(There are two changes in text widgets that may require modi\336cations to Tk 3.6 scripts.) 152.1 574.29 T
-0.06 (The \336rst change has to do with tag stickiness. In Tk 3.6, tags are sticky to the right: if you) 152.1 562.24 P
(insert new text just after a tagged range, the new text acquires the tags of the preceding) 152.1 550.19 T
(character) 152.1 538.14 T
(. If you insert text before a tagged range in Tk 3.6, the new characters do not) 188.17 538.14 T
-0.34 (acquire the tags of the range. In Tk 4.0, tags are not sticky on either side: new text acquires) 152.1 526.09 P
(a tag from surrounding characters only if the tag is present on both sides of the insertion) 152.1 514.05 T
(position. The sticky behavior in Tk 3.6 was rarely useful and special code was often) 152.1 502 T
(needed to work around it. Y) 152.1 489.95 T
(ou should be able to eliminate this code in Tk 4.0.) 263.24 489.95 T
(The second incompatible change in text widgets is that the index) 170.1 477.95 T
5 F
(end) 431.32 477.95 T
3 F
( now refers to) 449.31 477.95 T
-0.14 (the position just after the \336nal newline in the text, whereas in Tk 3.6 it referred to the posi-) 152.1 465.9 P
-0.1 (tion just before the \336nal newline. This makes it possible to apply tags to the \336nal newline,) 152.1 453.86 P
(which was not possible in Tk 3.6, but you may need to modify your scripts if you depend) 152.1 441.81 T
(on the old position of) 152.1 429.76 T
5 F
(end) 240.11 429.76 T
3 F
(.) 258.1 429.76 T
98.1 386.4 512.1 389.43 C
152.1 387.63 512.1 387.63 2 L
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98.1 387.92 143.1 387.92 2 L
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40.5 63 571.5 729 C
0 12 Q
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(4) 134.63 393.43 T
(Better Motif compliance) 152.1 393.43 T
3 10 Q
(All of the widgets have been modi\336ed in Tk 4.0 to improve their Motif compliance. This) 152.1 369.74 T
-0.3 (was done by adding features that were missing and reworking the bindings to comply with) 152.1 357.69 P
(Motif conventions. I believe that the widgets are now completely Motif compliant except) 152.1 345.64 T
(for the following missing features:) 152.1 333.6 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 152.1 318.6 T
3 10 Q
(There is no support for secondary selections.) 162.9 318.6 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 152.1 303.6 T
3 10 Q
(There is no support for \322add mode\323 in widgets such as texts and listboxes.) 162.9 303.6 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 152.1 288.6 T
3 10 Q
(There is no support for drag and drop.) 162.9 288.6 T
-0.02 (Please let me know if you \336nd any other discrepancies between the Tk widgets and Motif) 152.1 273.59 P
(widgets. W) 152.1 261.55 T
(e plan to eliminate the remaining incompatibilities over the next year or two.) 196.82 261.55 T
98.1 218.19 512.1 221.21 C
152.1 219.41 512.1 219.41 2 L
0.5 H
2 Z
0 X
0 K
N
98.1 219.7 143.1 219.7 2 L
0 Z
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40.5 63 571.5 729 C
0 12 Q
0 X
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(5) 134.63 225.21 T
(W) 152.1 225.21 T
(idget changes) 163.31 225.21 T
3 10 Q
-0.07 (All of the Tk 4.0 widgets have been improved over their 3.6 counterparts, mostly in small) 152.1 201.52 P
-0.23 (and backwards compatible ways. Here is a summary of the widget improvements; see Sec-) 152.1 189.48 P
(tion 13 for information about incompatible changes.) 152.1 177.43 T
3 12 Q
(\245) 152.1 162.43 T
3 10 Q
(All widgets now have a) 162.9 162.43 T
5 F
(cget) 259.78 162.43 T
3 F
( command, which provides an easier way to retrieve the) 283.76 162.43 T
(value of a con\336guration option. In other situations where con\336guration options are) 162.9 150.38 T
(used, such as for menu entries or text tags, a) 162.9 138.33 T
5 F
(cget) 342.21 138.33 T
3 F
( command is also available.) 366.2 138.33 T
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0.25 H
0 Z
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98.1 135 512.1 639 R
7 X
V
3 12 Q
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(\245) 152.1 632.33 T
3 10 Q