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authordkf <donal.k.fellows@manchester.ac.uk>2004-05-24 12:47:56 (GMT)
committerdkf <donal.k.fellows@manchester.ac.uk>2004-05-24 12:47:56 (GMT)
commit4eae4ede74c71ac4778d347daaaafa69ca6f4fe4 (patch)
tree22023a970e83b87bdff53dbdf5c134fa67425352
parent69dd309d27ba0056161f35744a1639d5eb4e1254 (diff)
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Added examples and more cross-references
-rw-r--r--doc/expr.n58
1 files changed, 49 insertions, 9 deletions
diff --git a/doc/expr.n b/doc/expr.n
index b7425f1..5053bd1 100644
--- a/doc/expr.n
+++ b/doc/expr.n
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
'\"
-'\" RCS: @(#) $Id: expr.n,v 1.12 2003/09/12 23:55:32 dkf Exp $
+'\" RCS: @(#) $Id: expr.n,v 1.13 2004/05/24 12:47:56 dkf Exp $
'\"
.so man.macros
.TH expr n 8.5 Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ evaluates to 14.2.
Tcl expressions differ from C expressions in the way that
operands are specified. Also, Tcl expressions support
non-numeric operands and string comparisons.
-.SH OPERANDS
+.SS OPERANDS
.PP
A Tcl expression consists of a combination of operands, operators,
and parentheses.
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ expr 2 + "$a.$b" 5.6
expr 4*[llength "6 2"] 8
expr {{word one} < "word $a"} 0\fR
.CE
-.SH OPERATORS
+.SS OPERATORS
.PP
The valid operators are listed below, grouped in decreasing order
of precedence:
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ depending on the value of \fB$v\fR. Note, however, that this is
only true if the entire expression is enclosed in braces; otherwise
the Tcl parser will evaluate both \fB[a]\fR and \fB[b]\fR before
invoking the \fBexpr\fR command.
-.SH "MATH FUNCTIONS"
+.SS "MATH FUNCTIONS"
.PP
Tcl supports the following mathematical functions in expressions, all
of which work solely with floating-point numbers unless otherwise noted:
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ if \fIarg\fR is a 32-bit number) if it is not one already.
.PP
In addition to these predefined functions, applications may
define additional functions using \fBTcl_CreateMathFunc\fR().
-.SH "TYPES, OVERFLOW, AND PRECISION"
+.SS "TYPES, OVERFLOW, AND PRECISION"
.PP
All internal computations involving integers are done with the C type
\fIlong\fR, and all internal computations involving floating-point are
@@ -362,8 +362,7 @@ example,
\fBexpr 20.0/5.0\fR
.CE
returns \fB4.0\fR, not \fB4\fR.
-
-.SH "STRING OPERATIONS"
+.SS "STRING OPERATIONS"
.PP
String values may be used as operands of the comparison operators,
although the expression evaluator tries to do comparisons as integer
@@ -386,7 +385,6 @@ possible, it isn't generally a good idea to use operators like \fB==\fR
when you really want string comparison and the values of the
operands could be arbitrary; it's better in these cases to use
the \fBeq\fR or \fBne\fR operators, or the \fBstring\fR command instead.
-
.SH "PERFORMANCE CONSIDERATIONS"
.PP
Enclose expressions in braces for the best speed and the smallest
@@ -418,9 +416,51 @@ The most expensive code is required for
unbraced expressions that contain command substitutions.
These expressions must be implemented by generating new code
each time the expression is executed.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+Define a procedure that computes an "interesting" mathematical
+function:
+.CS
+proc calc {x y} {
+ expr { ($x**2 - $y**2) / exp($x**2 + $y**2) }
+}
+.CE
+
+Convert polar coordinates into cartesian coordinates:
+.CS
+# convert from ($radius,$angle)
+set x [expr { $radius * cos($angle) }]
+set y [expr { $radius * sin($angle) }]
+.CE
+
+Convert cartesian coordinates into polar coordinates:
+.CS
+# convert from ($x,$y)
+set radius [expr { hypot($y, $x) }]
+set angle [expr { atan2($y, $x) }]
+.CE
+
+Print a message describing the relationship of two string values to
+each other:
+.CS
+puts "a and b are [expr {$a eq $b ? {equal} : {different}}]"
+.CE
+
+Set a variable to whether an environment variable is both defined at
+all and also set to a true boolean value:
+.CS
+set isTrue [expr {
+ [info exists ::env(SOME_ENV_VAR)] &&
+ [string is true -strict $::env(SOME_ENV_VAR)]
+}]
+.CE
+
+Generate a random integer in the range 0..99 inclusive:
+.CS
+set randNum [expr { int(100 * rand()) }]
+.CE
.SH "SEE ALSO"
-array(n), string(n), Tcl(n)
+array(n), for(n), if(n), string(n), Tcl(n), while(n)
.SH KEYWORDS
arithmetic, boolean, compare, expression, fuzzy comparison