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+# Commands covered:  exec
+#
+# This file contains a collection of tests for one or more of the Tcl
+# built-in commands.  Sourcing this file into Tcl runs the tests and
+# generates output for errors.  No output means no errors were found.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 1991-1994 The Regents of the University of California.
+# Copyright (c) 1994-1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
+#
+# See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
+# of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
+#
+# SCCS: @(#) exec.test 1.58 97/08/01 11:10:00
+
+if {[string compare test [info procs test]] == 1} then {source defs}
+
+# If exec is not defined just return with no error
+# Some platforms like the Macintosh do not have the exec command
+if {[info commands exec] == ""} {
+    puts "exec not implemented for this machine"
+    return
+}
+if {$testConfig(stdio) == 0} {
+    return
+}
+
+set f [open echo w]
+puts $f {
+    puts -nonewline [lindex $argv 0]
+    foreach str [lrange $argv 1 end] {
+	puts -nonewline " $str"
+    }
+    puts {}
+}
+close $f
+
+set f [open cat w]
+puts $f {
+    if {$argv == {}} {
+	set argv -
+    }
+    foreach name $argv {
+	if {$name == "-"} {
+	    set f stdin
+	} elseif {[catch {open $name r} f] != 0} {
+	    puts stderr $f
+	    continue
+	}
+	while {[eof $f] == 0} {
+	    puts -nonewline [read $f]
+	}
+	if {$f != "stdin"} {
+	    close $f
+	}
+    }
+}
+close $f
+
+set f [open wc w]
+puts $f {
+    set data [read stdin]
+    set lines [regsub -all "\n" $data {} dummy]
+    set words [regsub -all "\[^ \t\n]+" $data {} dummy]
+    set chars [string length $data]
+    puts [format "%8.d%8.d%8.d" $lines $words $chars]
+}
+close $f
+
+set f [open sh w]
+puts $f {
+    if {[lindex $argv 0] != "-c"} {
+	error "sh: unexpected arguments $argv"
+    }
+    set cmd [lindex $argv 1]
+    lappend cmd ";"
+
+    set newcmd {}
+    
+    foreach arg $cmd {
+	if {$arg == ";"} {
+	    eval exec >@stdout 2>@stderr [list [info nameofexecutable]] $newcmd
+	    set newcmd {}
+	    continue
+	}
+	if {$arg == "1>&2"} {
+	    set arg >@stderr
+	}
+	lappend newcmd $arg
+    }
+}
+close $f
+
+set f [open sleep w]
+puts $f {
+    after [expr $argv*1000]
+}
+close $f
+
+set f [open exit w]
+puts $f {
+    exit $argv
+}
+close $f
+
+# Basic operations.
+
+test exec-1.1 {basic exec operation} {
+    exec $tcltest echo a b c
+} "a b c"
+test exec-1.2 {pipelining} {
+    exec $tcltest echo a b c d | $tcltest cat | $tcltest cat
+} "a b c d"
+test exec-1.3 {pipelining} {
+    set a [exec $tcltest echo a b c d | $tcltest cat | $tcltest wc]
+    list [scan $a "%d %d %d" b c d] $b $c
+} {3 1 4}
+set arg {12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890}
+set arg "$arg$arg$arg$arg$arg$arg"
+test exec-1.4 {long command lines} {
+    exec $tcltest echo $arg
+} $arg
+set arg {}
+
+# I/O redirection: input from Tcl command.
+
+test exec-2.1 {redirecting input from immediate source} {
+    exec $tcltest cat << "Sample text"
+} {Sample text}
+test exec-2.2 {redirecting input from immediate source} {
+    exec << "Sample text" $tcltest cat | $tcltest cat
+} {Sample text}
+test exec-2.3 {redirecting input from immediate source} {
+    exec $tcltest cat << "Sample text" | $tcltest cat
+} {Sample text}
+test exec-2.4 {redirecting input from immediate source} {
+    exec $tcltest cat | $tcltest cat << "Sample text"
+} {Sample text}
+test exec-2.5 {redirecting input from immediate source} {
+    exec $tcltest cat "<<Joined to arrows"
+} {Joined to arrows}
+
+# I/O redirection: output to file.
+
+file delete gorp.file
+test exec-3.1 {redirecting output to file} {
+    exec $tcltest echo "Some simple words" > gorp.file
+    exec $tcltest cat gorp.file
+} "Some simple words"
+test exec-3.2 {redirecting output to file} {
+    exec $tcltest echo "More simple words" | >gorp.file $tcltest cat | $tcltest cat
+    exec $tcltest cat gorp.file
+} "More simple words"
+test exec-3.3 {redirecting output to file} {
+    exec > gorp.file $tcltest echo "Different simple words" | $tcltest cat | $tcltest cat
+    exec $tcltest cat gorp.file
+} "Different simple words"
+test exec-3.4 {redirecting output to file} {
+    exec $tcltest echo "Some simple words" >gorp.file
+    exec $tcltest cat gorp.file
+} "Some simple words"
+test exec-3.5 {redirecting output to file} {
+    exec $tcltest echo "First line" >gorp.file
+    exec $tcltest echo "Second line" >> gorp.file
+    exec $tcltest cat gorp.file
+} "First line\nSecond line"
+test exec-3.6 {redirecting output to file} {
+    exec $tcltest echo "First line" >gorp.file
+    exec $tcltest echo "Second line" >>gorp.file
+    exec $tcltest cat gorp.file
+} "First line\nSecond line"
+test exec-3.7 {redirecting output to file} {
+    set f [open gorp.file w]
+    puts $f "Line 1"
+    flush $f
+    exec $tcltest echo "More text" >@ $f
+    exec $tcltest echo >@$f "Even more"
+    puts $f "Line 3"
+    close $f
+    exec $tcltest cat gorp.file
+} "Line 1\nMore text\nEven more\nLine 3"
+
+# I/O redirection: output and stderr to file.
+
+file delete gorp.file
+test exec-4.1 {redirecting output and stderr to file} {
+    exec $tcltest echo "test output" >& gorp.file
+    exec $tcltest cat gorp.file
+} "test output"
+test exec-4.2 {redirecting output and stderr to file} {
+    list [exec $tcltest sh -c "echo foo bar 1>&2" >&gorp.file] \
+	    [exec $tcltest cat gorp.file]
+} {{} {foo bar}}
+test exec-4.3 {redirecting output and stderr to file} {
+    exec $tcltest echo "first line" > gorp.file
+    list [exec $tcltest sh -c "echo foo bar 1>&2" >>&gorp.file] \
+	    [exec $tcltest cat gorp.file]
+} "{} {first line\nfoo bar}"
+test exec-4.4 {redirecting output and stderr to file} {
+    set f [open gorp.file w]
+    puts $f "Line 1"
+    flush $f
+    exec $tcltest echo "More text" >&@ $f
+    exec $tcltest echo >&@$f "Even more"
+    puts $f "Line 3"
+    close $f
+    exec $tcltest cat gorp.file
+} "Line 1\nMore text\nEven more\nLine 3"
+test exec-4.5 {redirecting output and stderr to file} {
+    set f [open gorp.file w]
+    puts $f "Line 1"
+    flush $f
+    exec >&@ $f $tcltest sh -c "echo foo bar 1>&2"
+    exec >&@$f $tcltest sh -c "echo xyzzy 1>&2"
+    puts $f "Line 3"
+    close $f
+    exec $tcltest cat gorp.file
+} "Line 1\nfoo bar\nxyzzy\nLine 3"
+
+# I/O redirection: input from file.
+
+exec $tcltest echo "Just a few thoughts" > gorp.file
+test exec-5.1 {redirecting input from file} {
+    exec $tcltest cat < gorp.file
+} {Just a few thoughts}
+test exec-5.2 {redirecting input from file} {
+    exec $tcltest cat | $tcltest cat < gorp.file
+} {Just a few thoughts}
+test exec-5.3 {redirecting input from file} {
+    exec $tcltest cat < gorp.file | $tcltest cat
+} {Just a few thoughts}
+test exec-5.4 {redirecting input from file} {
+    exec < gorp.file $tcltest cat | $tcltest cat
+} {Just a few thoughts}
+test exec-5.5 {redirecting input from file} {
+    exec $tcltest cat <gorp.file
+} {Just a few thoughts}
+test exec-5.6 {redirecting input from file} {
+    set f [open gorp.file r]
+    set result [exec $tcltest cat <@ $f]
+    close $f
+    set result
+} {Just a few thoughts}
+test exec-5.7 {redirecting input from file} {
+    set f [open gorp.file r]
+    set result [exec <@$f $tcltest cat]
+    close $f
+    set result
+} {Just a few thoughts}
+
+# I/O redirection: standard error through a pipeline.
+
+test exec-6.1 {redirecting stderr through a pipeline} {
+    exec $tcltest sh -c "echo foo bar" |& $tcltest cat
+} "foo bar"
+test exec-6.2 {redirecting stderr through a pipeline} {
+    exec $tcltest sh -c "echo foo bar 1>&2" |& $tcltest cat
+} "foo bar"
+test exec-6.3 {redirecting stderr through a pipeline} {
+    exec $tcltest sh -c "echo foo bar 1>&2" \
+	|& $tcltest sh -c "echo second msg 1>&2 ; cat" |& $tcltest cat
+} "second msg\nfoo bar"
+
+# I/O redirection: combinations.
+
+catch {exec rm -f gorp.file2}
+test exec-7.1 {multiple I/O redirections} {
+    exec << "command input" > gorp.file2 $tcltest cat < gorp.file
+    exec $tcltest cat gorp.file2
+} {Just a few thoughts}
+test exec-7.2 {multiple I/O redirections} {
+    exec < gorp.file << "command input" $tcltest cat
+} {command input}
+
+# Long input to command and output from command.
+
+set a "0123456789 xxxxxxxxx abcdefghi ABCDEFGHIJK\n"
+set a [concat $a $a $a $a]
+set a [concat $a $a $a $a]
+set a [concat $a $a $a $a]
+set a [concat $a $a $a $a]
+test exec-8.1 {long input and output} {
+    exec $tcltest cat << $a
+} $a
+
+# Commands that return errors.
+
+test exec-9.1 {commands returning errors} {
+    set x [catch {exec gorp456} msg]
+    list $x [string tolower $msg] [string tolower $errorCode]
+} {1 {couldn't execute "gorp456": no such file or directory} {posix enoent {no such file or directory}}}
+test exec-9.2 {commands returning errors} {
+    string tolower [list [catch {exec $tcltest echo foo | foo123} msg] $msg $errorCode]
+} {1 {couldn't execute "foo123": no such file or directory} {posix enoent {no such file or directory}}}
+test exec-9.3 {commands returning errors} {
+    list [catch {exec $tcltest sleep 1 | $tcltest exit 43 | $tcltest sleep 1} msg] $msg
+} {1 {child process exited abnormally}}
+test exec-9.4 {commands returning errors} {
+    list [catch {exec $tcltest exit 43 | $tcltest echo "foo bar"} msg] $msg
+} {1 {foo bar
+child process exited abnormally}}
+test exec-9.5 {commands returning errors} {
+    list [catch {exec gorp456 | $tcltest echo a b c} msg] [string tolower $msg]
+} {1 {couldn't execute "gorp456": no such file or directory}}
+test exec-9.6 {commands returning errors} {
+    list [catch {exec $tcltest sh -c "echo error msg 1>&2"} msg] $msg
+} {1 {error msg}}
+test exec-9.7 {commands returning errors} {
+    list [catch {exec $tcltest sh -c "echo error msg 1>&2" \
+		     | $tcltest sh -c "echo error msg 1>&2"} msg] $msg
+} {1 {error msg
+error msg}}
+
+# Errors in executing the Tcl command, as opposed to errors in the
+# processes that are invoked.
+
+test exec-10.1 {errors in exec invocation} {
+    list [catch {exec} msg] $msg
+} {1 {wrong # args: should be "exec ?switches? arg ?arg ...?"}}
+test exec-10.2 {errors in exec invocation} {
+    list [catch {exec | cat} msg] $msg
+} {1 {illegal use of | or |& in command}}
+test exec-10.3 {errors in exec invocation} {
+    list [catch {exec cat |} msg] $msg
+} {1 {illegal use of | or |& in command}}
+test exec-10.4 {errors in exec invocation} {
+    list [catch {exec cat | | cat} msg] $msg
+} {1 {illegal use of | or |& in command}}
+test exec-10.5 {errors in exec invocation} {
+    list [catch {exec cat | |& cat} msg] $msg
+} {1 {illegal use of | or |& in command}}
+test exec-10.6 {errors in exec invocation} {
+    list [catch {exec cat |&} msg] $msg
+} {1 {illegal use of | or |& in command}}
+test exec-10.7 {errors in exec invocation} {
+    list [catch {exec cat <} msg] $msg
+} {1 {can't specify "<" as last word in command}}
+test exec-10.8 {errors in exec invocation} {
+    list [catch {exec cat >} msg] $msg
+} {1 {can't specify ">" as last word in command}}
+test exec-10.9 {errors in exec invocation} {
+    list [catch {exec cat <<} msg] $msg
+} {1 {can't specify "<<" as last word in command}}
+test exec-10.10 {errors in exec invocation} {
+    list [catch {exec cat >>} msg] $msg
+} {1 {can't specify ">>" as last word in command}}
+test exec-10.11 {errors in exec invocation} {
+    list [catch {exec cat >&} msg] $msg
+} {1 {can't specify ">&" as last word in command}}
+test exec-10.12 {errors in exec invocation} {
+    list [catch {exec cat >>&} msg] $msg
+} {1 {can't specify ">>&" as last word in command}}
+test exec-10.13 {errors in exec invocation} {
+    list [catch {exec cat >@} msg] $msg
+} {1 {can't specify ">@" as last word in command}}
+test exec-10.14 {errors in exec invocation} {
+    list [catch {exec cat <@} msg] $msg
+} {1 {can't specify "<@" as last word in command}}
+test exec-10.15 {errors in exec invocation} {
+    list [catch {exec cat < a/b/c} msg] [string tolower $msg]
+} {1 {couldn't read file "a/b/c": no such file or directory}}
+test exec-10.16 {errors in exec invocation} {
+    list [catch {exec cat << foo > a/b/c} msg] [string tolower $msg]
+} {1 {couldn't write file "a/b/c": no such file or directory}}
+test exec-10.17 {errors in exec invocation} {
+    list [catch {exec cat << foo > a/b/c} msg] [string tolower $msg]
+} {1 {couldn't write file "a/b/c": no such file or directory}}
+set f [open gorp.file w]
+test exec-10.18 {errors in exec invocation} {
+    list [catch {exec cat <@ $f} msg] $msg
+} "1 {channel \"$f\" wasn't opened for reading}"
+close $f
+set f [open gorp.file r]
+test exec-10.19 {errors in exec invocation} {
+    list [catch {exec cat >@ $f} msg] $msg
+} "1 {channel \"$f\" wasn't opened for writing}"
+close $f
+test exec-10.20 {errors in exec invocation} {
+    list [catch {exec ~non_existent_user/foo/bar} msg] $msg
+} {1 {user "non_existent_user" doesn't exist}}
+test exec-10.21 {errors in exec invocation} {
+    list [catch {exec $tcltest true | ~xyzzy_bad_user/x | false} msg] $msg
+} {1 {user "xyzzy_bad_user" doesn't exist}}
+
+# Commands in background.
+
+test exec-11.1 {commands in background} {
+    set x [lindex [time {exec $tcltest sleep 2 &}] 0]
+    expr $x<1000000
+} 1
+test exec-11.2 {commands in background} {
+    list [catch {exec $tcltest echo a &b} msg] $msg
+} {0 {a &b}}
+test exec-11.3 {commands in background} {
+    llength [exec $tcltest sleep 1 &]
+} 1
+test exec-11.4 {commands in background} {
+    llength [exec $tcltest sleep 1 | $tcltest sleep 1 | $tcltest sleep 1 &]
+} 3
+test exec-11.5 {commands in background} {
+    set f [open gorp.file w]
+    puts $f { catch { exec [info nameofexecutable] echo foo & } }
+    close $f
+    string compare "foo" [exec $tcltest gorp.file]
+} 0
+
+# Make sure that background commands are properly reaped when
+# they eventually die.
+
+exec $tcltest sleep 3
+test exec-12.1 {reaping background processes} {unixOnly nonPortable} {
+    for {set i 0} {$i < 20} {incr i} {
+	exec echo foo > /dev/null &
+    }
+    exec sleep 1
+    catch {exec ps | fgrep "echo foo" | fgrep -v fgrep | wc} msg
+    lindex $msg 0
+} 0
+test exec-12.2 {reaping background processes} {unixOnly nonPortable} {
+    exec sleep 2 | sleep 2 | sleep 2 &
+    catch {exec ps | fgrep -i "sleep" | fgrep -i -v fgrep | wc} msg
+    set x [lindex $msg 0]
+    exec sleep 3
+    catch {exec ps | fgrep -i "sleep" | fgrep -i -v fgrep | wc} msg
+    list $x [lindex $msg 0]
+} {3 0}
+test exec-12.3 {reaping background processes} {unixOnly nonPortable} {
+    exec sleep 1000 &
+    exec sleep 1000 &
+    set x [exec ps | fgrep "sleep" | fgrep -v fgrep]
+    set pids {}
+    foreach i [split $x \n] {
+	lappend pids [lindex $i 0]
+    }
+    foreach i $pids {
+	catch {exec kill -STOP $i}
+    }
+    catch {exec ps | fgrep "sleep" | fgrep -v fgrep | wc} msg
+    set x [lindex $msg 0]
+
+    foreach i $pids {
+	catch {exec kill -KILL $i}
+    }
+    catch {exec ps | fgrep "sleep" | fgrep -v fgrep | wc} msg
+    list $x [lindex $msg 0]
+} {2 0}
+
+# Make sure "errorCode" is set correctly.
+
+test exec-13.1 {setting errorCode variable} {
+    list [catch {exec $tcltest cat < a/b/c} msg] [string tolower $errorCode]
+} {1 {posix enoent {no such file or directory}}}
+test exec-13.2 {setting errorCode variable} {
+    list [catch {exec $tcltest cat > a/b/c} msg] [string tolower $errorCode]
+} {1 {posix enoent {no such file or directory}}}
+test exec-13.3 {setting errorCode variable} {
+    set x [catch {exec _weird_cmd_} msg]
+    list $x [string tolower $msg] [lindex $errorCode 0] \
+	    [string tolower [lrange $errorCode 2 end]]
+} {1 {couldn't execute "_weird_cmd_": no such file or directory} POSIX {{no such file or directory}}}
+
+# Switches before the first argument
+
+test exec-14.1 {-keepnewline switch} {
+    exec -keepnewline $tcltest echo foo
+} "foo\n"
+test exec-14.2 {-keepnewline switch} {
+    list [catch {exec -keepnewline} msg] $msg
+} {1 {wrong # args: should be "exec ?switches? arg ?arg ...?"}}
+test exec-14.3 {unknown switch} {
+    list [catch {exec -gorp} msg] $msg
+} {1 {bad switch "-gorp": must be -keepnewline or --}}
+test exec-14.4 {-- switch} {
+    list [catch {exec -- -gorp} msg] [string tolower $msg]
+} {1 {couldn't execute "-gorp": no such file or directory}}
+
+# Redirecting standard error separately from standard output
+
+test exec-15.1 {standard error redirection} {
+    exec $tcltest echo "First line" > gorp.file
+    list [exec $tcltest sh -c "echo foo bar 1>&2" 2> gorp.file] \
+	    [exec $tcltest cat gorp.file]
+} {{} {foo bar}}
+test exec-15.2 {standard error redirection} {
+    list [exec $tcltest sh -c "echo foo bar 1>&2" \
+		| $tcltest echo biz baz >gorp.file 2> gorp.file2] \
+	    [exec $tcltest cat gorp.file] \
+	    [exec $tcltest cat gorp.file2]
+} {{} {biz baz} {foo bar}}
+test exec-15.3 {standard error redirection} {
+    list [exec $tcltest sh -c "echo foo bar 1>&2" \
+	        | $tcltest echo biz baz 2>gorp.file > gorp.file2] \
+	    [exec $tcltest cat gorp.file] \
+	    [exec $tcltest cat gorp.file2]
+} {{} {foo bar} {biz baz}}
+test exec-15.4 {standard error redirection} {
+    set f [open gorp.file w]
+    puts $f "Line 1"
+    flush $f
+    exec $tcltest sh -c "echo foo bar 1>&2" 2>@ $f
+    puts $f "Line 3"
+    close $f
+    exec $tcltest cat gorp.file
+} {Line 1
+foo bar
+Line 3}
+test exec-15.5 {standard error redirection} {
+    exec $tcltest echo "First line" > gorp.file
+    exec $tcltest sh -c "echo foo bar 1>&2" 2>> gorp.file
+    exec $tcltest cat gorp.file
+} {First line
+foo bar}
+test exec-15.6 {standard error redirection} {
+    exec $tcltest sh -c "echo foo bar 1>&2" > gorp.file2 2> gorp.file \
+	    >& gorp.file 2> gorp.file2 | $tcltest echo biz baz
+    list [exec $tcltest cat gorp.file] [exec $tcltest cat gorp.file2]
+} {{biz baz} {foo bar}}
+
+test exec-16.1 {flush output before exec} {
+    set f [open gorp.file w]
+    puts $f "First line"
+    exec $tcltest echo "Second line" >@ $f
+    puts $f "Third line"
+    close $f
+    exec $tcltest cat gorp.file
+} {First line
+Second line
+Third line}
+test exec-16.2 {flush output before exec} {} {
+    set f [open gorp.file w]
+    puts $f "First line"
+    exec $tcltest << {puts stderr {Second line}} >&@ $f > gorp.file2
+    puts $f "Third line"
+    close $f
+    exec $tcltest cat gorp.file
+} {First line
+Second line
+Third line}
+
+test exec-17.1 { inheriting standard I/O } {
+    set f [open script w]
+    puts $f {close stdout
+	set f [open gorp.file w]
+	catch {exec [info nameofexecutable] echo foobar &}
+	exec [info nameofexecutable] sleep 2
+	close $f
+    }
+    close $f
+    catch {exec $tcltest script} result
+    set f [open gorp.file r]
+    lappend result [read $f]
+    close $f
+    set result
+} {{foobar
+}}
+
+file delete script gorp.file gorp.file2
+file delete echo cat wc sh sleep exit