diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/http.n')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/http.n | 271 |
1 files changed, 147 insertions, 124 deletions
@@ -7,21 +7,22 @@ '\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES. '\" .so man.macros -.TH "http" n 2.5 http "Tcl Bundled Packages" +.TH "http" n 2.7 http "Tcl Bundled Packages" .BS '\" Note: do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below! .SH NAME -http \- Client-side implementation of the HTTP/1.0 protocol. +http \- Client-side implementation of the HTTP/1.1 protocol .SH SYNOPSIS -\fBpackage require http ?2.5?\fR +\fBpackage require http ?2.7?\fR +.\" See Also -useragent option documentation in body! .sp \fB::http::config \fI?options?\fR .sp \fB::http::geturl \fIurl ?options?\fR .sp -\fB::http::formatQuery\fP \fIkey value\fP ?\fIkey value\fP ...? +\fB::http::formatQuery\fR \fIkey value\fR ?\fIkey value\fR ...? .sp -\fB::http::reset\fP \fItoken\fP ?\fIwhy\fP? +\fB::http::reset\fR \fItoken\fR ?\fIwhy\fR? .sp \fB::http::wait \fItoken\fR .sp @@ -45,12 +46,12 @@ http \- Client-side implementation of the HTTP/1.0 protocol. .sp \fB::http::unregister \fIproto\fR .BE - .SH DESCRIPTION .PP -The \fBhttp\fR package provides the client side of the HTTP/1.0 -protocol. The package implements the GET, POST, and HEAD operations -of HTTP/1.0. It allows configuration of a proxy host to get through +The \fBhttp\fR package provides the client side of the HTTP/1.1 +protocol, as defined in RFC 2616. +The package implements the GET, POST, and HEAD operations +of HTTP/1.1. It allows configuration of a proxy host to get through firewalls. The package is compatible with the \fBSafesock\fR security policy, so it can be used by untrusted applets to do URL fetching from a restricted set of hosts. This package can be extended to support @@ -63,9 +64,9 @@ is performed. The return value of \fB::http::geturl\fR is a token for the transaction. The value is also the name of an array in the ::http namespace that contains state information about the transaction. The elements -of this array are described in the STATE ARRAY section. +of this array are described in the \fBSTATE ARRAY\fR section. .PP -If the \fB-command\fP option is specified, then +If the \fB\-command\fR option is specified, then the HTTP operation is done in the background. \fB::http::geturl\fR returns immediately after generating the HTTP request and the callback is invoked @@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ applications, the caller can use \fB::http::wait\fR after calling \fB::http::geturl\fR to start the event loop. .SH COMMANDS .TP -\fB::http::config\fP ?\fIoptions\fR? +\fB::http::config\fR ?\fIoptions\fR? The \fB::http::config\fR command is used to set and query the name of the proxy server and port, and the User-Agent name used in the HTTP requests. If no options are specified, then the current configuration @@ -85,20 +86,21 @@ that setting is returned. Otherwise, the options should be a set of flags and values that define the configuration: .RS .TP -\fB\-accept\fP \fImimetypes\fP +\fB\-accept\fR \fImimetypes\fR The Accept header of the request. The default is */*, which means that all types of documents are accepted. Otherwise you can supply a comma-separated list of mime type patterns that you are -willing to receive. For example, "image/gif, image/jpeg, text/*". +willing to receive. For example, +.QW "image/gif, image/jpeg, text/*" . .TP -\fB\-proxyhost\fP \fIhostname\fP +\fB\-proxyhost\fR \fIhostname\fR The name of the proxy host, if any. If this value is the empty string, the URL host is contacted directly. .TP -\fB\-proxyport\fP \fInumber\fP +\fB\-proxyport\fR \fInumber\fR The proxy port number. .TP -\fB\-proxyfilter\fP \fIcommand\fP +\fB\-proxyfilter\fR \fIcommand\fR The command is a callback that is made during \fB::http::geturl\fR to determine if a proxy is required for a given host. One argument, a @@ -109,7 +111,7 @@ an empty list. The default filter returns the values of the \fB\-proxyhost\fR and \fB\-proxyport\fR settings if they are non-empty. .TP -\fB\-urlencoding\fP \fIencoding\fP +\fB\-urlencoding\fR \fIencoding\fR The \fIencoding\fR used for creating the x-url-encoded URLs with \fB::http::formatQuery\fR. The default is \fButf-8\fR, as specified by RFC 2718. Prior to http 2.5 this was unspecified, and that behavior can be @@ -118,45 +120,46 @@ returned by specifying the empty string (\fB{}\fR), although \fB::http::formatQuery\fR throwing an error processing non-latin-1 characters. .TP -\fB\-useragent\fP \fIstring\fP -The value of the User-Agent header in the HTTP request. The default -is \fB"Tcl http client package 2.4."\fR +\fB\-useragent\fR \fIstring\fR +The value of the User-Agent header in the HTTP request. The default is +.QW "\fBTcl http client package 2.7\fR" . .RE .TP -\fB::http::geturl\fP \fIurl\fP ?\fIoptions\fP? +\fB::http::geturl\fR \fIurl\fR ?\fIoptions\fR? The \fB::http::geturl\fR command is the main procedure in the package. The \fB\-query\fR option causes a POST operation and the \fB\-validate\fR option causes a HEAD operation; otherwise, a GET operation is performed. The \fB::http::geturl\fR command returns a \fItoken\fR value that can be used to get -information about the transaction. See the STATE ARRAY and ERRORS section for +information about the transaction. See the \fBSTATE ARRAY\fR and +\fBERRORS\fR section for details. The \fB::http::geturl\fR command blocks until the operation completes, unless the \fB\-command\fR option specifies a callback that is invoked when the HTTP transaction completes. \fB::http::geturl\fR takes several options: .RS .TP -\fB\-binary\fP \fIboolean\fP +\fB\-binary\fR \fIboolean\fR Specifies whether to force interpreting the URL data as binary. Normally this is auto-detected (anything not beginning with a \fBtext\fR content type or whose content encoding is \fBgzip\fR or \fBcompress\fR is considered binary data). .TP -\fB\-blocksize\fP \fIsize\fP +\fB\-blocksize\fR \fIsize\fR The block size used when reading the URL. At most \fIsize\fR bytes are read at once. After each block, a call to the \fB\-progress\fR callback is made (if that option is specified). .TP -\fB\-channel\fP \fIname\fP +\fB\-channel\fR \fIname\fR Copy the URL contents to channel \fIname\fR instead of saving it in \fBstate(body)\fR. .TP -\fB\-command\fP \fIcallback\fP -Invoke \fIcallback\fP after the HTTP transaction completes. -This option causes \fB::http::geturl\fP to return immediately. -The \fIcallback\fP gets an additional argument that is the \fItoken\fR returned +\fB\-command\fR \fIcallback\fR +Invoke \fIcallback\fR after the HTTP transaction completes. +This option causes \fB::http::geturl\fR to return immediately. +The \fIcallback\fR gets an additional argument that is the \fItoken\fR returned from \fB::http::geturl\fR. This token is the name of an array that is -described in the STATE ARRAY section. Here is a template for the +described in the \fBSTATE ARRAY\fR section. Here is a template for the callback: .RS .CS @@ -167,27 +170,30 @@ proc httpCallback {token} { .CE .RE .TP -\fB\-handler\fP \fIcallback\fP -Invoke \fIcallback\fP whenever HTTP data is available; if present, nothing +\fB\-handler\fR \fIcallback\fR +Invoke \fIcallback\fR whenever HTTP data is available; if present, nothing else will be done with the HTTP data. This procedure gets two additional arguments: the socket for the HTTP data and the \fItoken\fR returned from -\fB::http::geturl\fR. The token is the name of a global array that is described -in the STATE ARRAY section. The procedure is expected to return the number -of bytes read from the socket. Here is a template for the callback: +\fB::http::geturl\fR. The token is the name of a global array that is +described in the \fBSTATE ARRAY\fR section. The procedure is expected +to return the number of bytes read from the socket. Here is a +template for the callback: .RS .CS proc httpHandlerCallback {socket token} { upvar #0 $token state # Access socket, and state as a Tcl array + # For example... ... - (example: set data [read $socket 1000];set nbytes [string length $data]) + set data [read $socket 1000] + set nbytes [string length $data] ... - return nbytes + return $nbytes } .CE .RE .TP -\fB\-headers\fP \fIkeyvaluelist\fP +\fB\-headers\fR \fIkeyvaluelist\fR This option is used to add extra headers to the HTTP request. The \fIkeyvaluelist\fR argument must be a list with an even number of elements that alternate between keys and values. The keys become @@ -199,7 +205,20 @@ HTTP request: Pragma: no-cache .CE .TP -\fB\-progress\fP \fIcallback\fP +\fB\-keepalive\fR \fIboolean\fR +If true, attempt to keep the connection open for servicing +multiple requests. Default is 0. +.TP +\fB\-method\fR \fItype\fR +Force the HTTP request method to \fItype\fR. \fB::http::geturl\fR will +auto-select GET, POST or HEAD based on other options, but this option +enables choices like PUT and DELETE for webdav support. +.TP +\fB\-myaddr\fR \fIaddress\fR +Pass an specific local address to the underlying \fBsocket\fR call in case +multiple interfaces are available. +.TP +\fB\-progress\fR \fIcallback\fR The \fIcallback\fR is made after each transfer of data from the URL. The callback gets three additional arguments: the \fItoken\fR from \fB::http::geturl\fR, the expected total size of the contents from the @@ -215,13 +234,18 @@ proc httpProgress {token total current} { .CE .RE .TP -\fB\-query\fP \fIquery\fP +\fB\-protocol\fR \fIversion\fR +Select the HTTP protocol version to use. This should be 1.0 or 1.1 (the +default). Should only be necessary for servers that do not understand or +otherwise complain about HTTP/1.1. +.TP +\fB\-query\fR \fIquery\fR This flag causes \fB::http::geturl\fR to do a POST request that passes the \fIquery\fR to the server. The \fIquery\fR must be an x-url-encoding formatted query. The \fB::http::formatQuery\fR procedure can be used to do the formatting. .TP -\fB\-queryblocksize\fP \fIsize\fP +\fB\-queryblocksize\fR \fIsize\fR The block size used when posting query data to the URL. At most \fIsize\fR @@ -229,103 +253,106 @@ bytes are written at once. After each block, a call to the \fB\-queryprogress\fR callback is made (if that option is specified). .TP -\fB\-querychannel\fP \fIchannelID\fP +\fB\-querychannel\fR \fIchannelID\fR This flag causes \fB::http::geturl\fR to do a POST request that passes the data contained in \fIchannelID\fR to the server. The data contained in \fIchannelID\fR must be an x-url-encoding -formatted query unless the \fB\-type\fP option below is used. +formatted query unless the \fB\-type\fR option below is used. If a Content-Length header is not specified via the \fB\-headers\fR options, \fB::http::geturl\fR attempts to determine the size of the post data in order to create that header. If it is unable to determine the size, it returns an error. .TP -\fB\-queryprogress\fP \fIcallback\fP +\fB\-queryprogress\fR \fIcallback\fR The \fIcallback\fR is made after each transfer of data to the URL (i.e. POST) and acts exactly like the \fB\-progress\fR option (the callback format is the same). .TP -\fB\-timeout\fP \fImilliseconds\fP +\fB\-strict\fR \fIboolean\fR +Whether to enforce RFC 3986 URL validation on the request. Default is 1. +.TP +\fB\-timeout\fR \fImilliseconds\fR If \fImilliseconds\fR is non-zero, then \fB::http::geturl\fR sets up a timeout to occur after the specified number of milliseconds. -A timeout results in a call to \fB::http::reset\fP and to -the \fB-command\fP callback, if specified. -The return value of \fB::http::status\fP is \fBtimeout\fP +A timeout results in a call to \fB::http::reset\fR and to +the \fB\-command\fR callback, if specified. +The return value of \fB::http::status\fR is \fBtimeout\fR after a timeout has occurred. .TP -\fB\-type\fP \fImime-type\fP +\fB\-type\fR \fImime-type\fR Use \fImime-type\fR as the \fBContent-Type\fR value, instead of the default value (\fBapplication/x-www-form-urlencoded\fR) during a POST operation. .TP -\fB\-validate\fP \fIboolean\fP +\fB\-validate\fR \fIboolean\fR If \fIboolean\fR is non-zero, then \fB::http::geturl\fR does an HTTP HEAD request. This request returns meta information about the URL, but the contents are not returned. The meta information is available in the -\fBstate(meta) \fR variable after the transaction. See the STATE -ARRAY section for details. +\fBstate(meta) \fR variable after the transaction. See the +\fBSTATE ARRAY\fR section for details. .RE .TP -\fB::http::formatQuery\fP \fIkey value\fP ?\fIkey value\fP ...? +\fB::http::formatQuery\fR \fIkey value\fR ?\fIkey value\fR ...? This procedure does x-url-encoding of query data. It takes an even number of arguments that are the keys and values of the query. It encodes the keys and values, and generates one string that has the proper & and = separators. The result is suitable for the \fB\-query\fR value passed to \fB::http::geturl\fR. .TP -\fB::http::reset\fP \fItoken\fP ?\fIwhy\fP? +\fB::http::reset\fR \fItoken\fR ?\fIwhy\fR? This command resets the HTTP transaction identified by \fItoken\fR, if -any. This sets the \fBstate(status)\fP value to \fIwhy\fP, which defaults to \fBreset\fR, and then calls the registered \fB\-command\fR callback. +any. This sets the \fBstate(status)\fR value to \fIwhy\fR, which defaults to \fBreset\fR, and then calls the registered \fB\-command\fR callback. .TP -\fB::http::wait\fP \fItoken\fP +\fB::http::wait\fR \fItoken\fR This is a convenience procedure that blocks and waits for the transaction to complete. This only works in trusted code because it -uses \fBvwait\fR. Also, it's not useful for the case where -\fB::http::geturl\fP is called \fIwithout\fP the \fB-command\fP option -because in this case the \fB::http::geturl\fP call doesn't return -until the HTTP transaction is complete, and thus there's nothing to +uses \fBvwait\fR. Also, it is not useful for the case where +\fB::http::geturl\fR is called \fIwithout\fR the \fB\-command\fR option +because in this case the \fB::http::geturl\fR call does not return +until the HTTP transaction is complete, and thus there is nothing to wait for. .TP -\fB::http::data\fP \fItoken\fP -This is a convenience procedure that returns the \fBbody\fP element +\fB::http::data\fR \fItoken\fR +This is a convenience procedure that returns the \fBbody\fR element (i.e., the URL data) of the state array. .TP -\fB::http::error\fP \fItoken\fP -This is a convenience procedure that returns the \fBerror\fP element +\fB::http::error\fR \fItoken\fR +This is a convenience procedure that returns the \fBerror\fR element of the state array. .TP -\fB::http::status\fP \fItoken\fP -This is a convenience procedure that returns the \fBstatus\fP element of +\fB::http::status\fR \fItoken\fR +This is a convenience procedure that returns the \fBstatus\fR element of the state array. .TP -\fB::http::code\fP \fItoken\fP -This is a convenience procedure that returns the \fBhttp\fP element of the +\fB::http::code\fR \fItoken\fR +This is a convenience procedure that returns the \fBhttp\fR element of the state array. .TP -\fB::http::ncode\fP \fItoken\fP +\fB::http::ncode\fR \fItoken\fR This is a convenience procedure that returns just the numeric return -code (200, 404, etc.) from the \fBhttp\fP element of the state array. +code (200, 404, etc.) from the \fBhttp\fR element of the state array. .TP -\fB::http::size\fP \fItoken\fP -This is a convenience procedure that returns the \fBcurrentsize\fP +\fB::http::size\fR \fItoken\fR +This is a convenience procedure that returns the \fBcurrentsize\fR element of the state array, which represents the number of bytes -received from the URL in the \fB::http::geturl\fP call. +received from the URL in the \fB::http::geturl\fR call. .TP -\fB::http::meta\fP \fItoken\fP -This is a convenience procedure that returns the \fBmeta\fP +\fB::http::meta\fR \fItoken\fR +This is a convenience procedure that returns the \fBmeta\fR element of the state array which contains the HTTP response headers. See below for an explanation of this element. .TP -\fB::http::cleanup\fP \fItoken\fP +\fB::http::cleanup\fR \fItoken\fR This procedure cleans up the state associated with the connection -identified by \fItoken\fP. After this call, the procedures -like \fB::http::data\fP cannot be used to get information -about the operation. It is \fIstrongly\fP recommended that you call -this function after you're done with a given HTTP request. Not doing +identified by \fItoken\fR. After this call, the procedures +like \fB::http::data\fR cannot be used to get information +about the operation. It is \fIstrongly\fR recommended that you call +this function after you are done with a given HTTP request. Not doing so will result in memory not being freed, and if your app calls -\fB::http::geturl\fP enough times, the memory leak could cause a +\fB::http::geturl\fR enough times, the memory leak could cause a performance hit...or worse. .TP -\fB::http::register\fP \fIproto port command\fP +\fB::http::register\fR \fIproto port command\fR This procedure allows one to provide custom HTTP transport types such as HTTPS, by registering a prefix, the default port, and the command to execute to create the Tcl \fBchannel\fR. E.g.: @@ -340,12 +367,11 @@ set token [::http::geturl https://my.secure.site/] .CE .RE .TP -\fB::http::unregister\fP \fIproto\fP +\fB::http::unregister\fR \fIproto\fR This procedure unregisters a protocol handler that was previously registered via \fB::http::register\fR. - -.SH "ERRORS" -The \fB::http::geturl\fP procedure will raise errors in the following cases: +.SH ERRORS +The \fB::http::geturl\fR procedure will raise errors in the following cases: invalid command line options, an invalid URL, a URL on a non-existent host, @@ -354,60 +380,59 @@ These errors mean that it cannot even start the network transaction. It will also raise an error if it gets an I/O error while writing out the HTTP request header. -For synchronous \fB::http::geturl\fP calls (where \fB-command\fP is +For synchronous \fB::http::geturl\fR calls (where \fB\-command\fR is not specified), it will raise an error if it gets an I/O error while -reading the HTTP reply headers or data. Because \fB::http::geturl\fP -doesn't return a token in these cases, it does all the required -cleanup and there's no issue of your app having to call -\fB::http::cleanup\fP. +reading the HTTP reply headers or data. Because \fB::http::geturl\fR +does not return a token in these cases, it does all the required +cleanup and there is no issue of your app having to call +\fB::http::cleanup\fR. .PP -For asynchronous \fB::http::geturl\fP calls, all of the above error -situations apply, except that if there's any error while -reading the +For asynchronous \fB::http::geturl\fR calls, all of the above error +situations apply, except that if there is any error while reading the HTTP reply headers or data, no exception is thrown. This is because -after writing the HTTP headers, \fB::http::geturl\fP returns, and the +after writing the HTTP headers, \fB::http::geturl\fR returns, and the rest of the HTTP transaction occurs in the background. The command callback can check if any error occurred during the read by calling -\fB::http::status\fP to check the status and if its \fIerror\fP, -calling \fB::http::error\fP to get the error message. +\fB::http::status\fR to check the status and if its \fIerror\fR, +calling \fB::http::error\fR to get the error message. .PP Alternatively, if the main program flow reaches a point where it needs to know the result of the asynchronous HTTP request, it can call -\fB::http::wait\fP and then check status and error, just as the +\fB::http::wait\fR and then check status and error, just as the callback does. .PP In any case, you must still call -\fB::http::cleanup\fP to delete the state array when you're done. +\fB::http::cleanup\fR to delete the state array when you are done. .PP There are other possible results of the HTTP transaction -determined by examining the status from \fB::http::status\fP. +determined by examining the status from \fB::http::status\fR. These are described below. .TP ok -If the HTTP transaction completes entirely, then status will be \fBok\fP. -However, you should still check the \fB::http::code\fP value to get -the HTTP status. The \fB::http::ncode\fP procedure provides just -the numeric error (e.g., 200, 404 or 500) while the \fB::http::code\fP -procedure returns a value like "HTTP 404 File not found". +If the HTTP transaction completes entirely, then status will be \fBok\fR. +However, you should still check the \fB::http::code\fR value to get +the HTTP status. The \fB::http::ncode\fR procedure provides just +the numeric error (e.g., 200, 404 or 500) while the \fB::http::code\fR +procedure returns a value like +.QW "HTTP 404 File not found" . .TP eof If the server closes the socket without replying, then no error -is raised, but the status of the transaction will be \fBeof\fP. +is raised, but the status of the transaction will be \fBeof\fR. .TP error -The error message will also be stored in the \fBerror\fP status -array element, accessible via \fB::http::error\fP. +The error message will also be stored in the \fBerror\fR status +array element, accessible via \fB::http::error\fR. .PP -Another error possibility is that \fB::http::geturl\fP is unable to +Another error possibility is that \fB::http::geturl\fR is unable to write all the post query data to the server before the server responds and closes the socket. -The error message is saved in the \fBposterror\fP status array -element and then \fB::http::geturl\fP attempts to complete the +The error message is saved in the \fBposterror\fR status array +element and then \fB::http::geturl\fR attempts to complete the transaction. If it can read the server's response -it will end up with an \fBok\fP status, otherwise it will have -an \fBeof\fP status. - +it will end up with an \fBok\fR status, otherwise it will have +an \fBeof\fR status. .SH "STATE ARRAY" The \fB::http::geturl\fR procedure returns a \fItoken\fR that can be used to get to the state of the HTTP transaction in the form of a Tcl array. @@ -417,14 +442,14 @@ upvar #0 $token state .CE Once the data associated with the URL is no longer needed, the state array should be unset to free up storage. -The \fB::http::cleanup\fP procedure is provided for that purpose. +The \fB::http::cleanup\fR procedure is provided for that purpose. The following elements of the array are supported: .RS .TP \fBbody\fR The contents of the URL. This will be empty if the \fB\-channel\fR -option has been specified. This value is returned by the \fB::http::data\fP command. +option has been specified. This value is returned by the \fB::http::data\fR command. .TP \fBcharset\fR The value of the charset attribute from the \fBContent-Type\fR meta-data @@ -437,7 +462,7 @@ A copy of the \fBContent-Encoding\fR meta-data value. .TP \fBcurrentsize\fR The current number of bytes fetched from the URL. -This value is returned by the \fB::http::size\fP command. +This value is returned by the \fB::http::size\fR command. .TP \fBerror\fR If defined, this is the error string seen when the HTTP transaction @@ -445,10 +470,10 @@ was aborted. .TP \fBhttp\fR The HTTP status reply from the server. This value -is returned by the \fB::http::code\fP command. The format of this value is: +is returned by the \fB::http::code\fR command. The format of this value is: .RS .CS -\fIHTTP/1.0 code string\fP +\fIHTTP/1.1 code string\fR .CE The \fIcode\fR is a three-digit number defined in the HTTP standard. A code of 200 is OK. Codes beginning with 4 or 5 indicate errors. @@ -488,7 +513,7 @@ the post query data to the server. .TP \fBstatus\fR Either \fBok\fR, for successful completion, \fBreset\fR for -user-reset, \fBtimeout\fP if a timeout occurred before the transaction +user-reset, \fBtimeout\fR if a timeout occurred before the transaction could complete, or \fBerror\fR for an error condition. During the transaction this value is the empty string. .TP @@ -506,7 +531,7 @@ The requested URL. # Copy a URL to a file and print meta-data proc httpcopy { url file {chunk 4096} } { set out [open $file w] - set token [\fB::http::geturl\fR $url -channel $out \\ + set token [\fB::http::geturl\fR $url -channel $out \e -progress httpCopyProgress -blocksize $chunk] close $out @@ -537,9 +562,7 @@ proc httpCopyProgress {args} { flush stderr } .CE - .SH "SEE ALSO" safe(n), socket(n), safesock(n) - .SH KEYWORDS security policy, socket |