'\" '\" Copyright (c) 1995-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc. '\" '\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution '\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES. '\" '\" RCS: @(#) $Id: fconfigure.n,v 1.7.2.2 2004/10/27 12:52:40 dkf Exp $ '\" .so man.macros .TH fconfigure n 8.3 Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands" .BS '\" Note: do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below! .SH NAME fconfigure \- Set and get options on a channel .SH SYNOPSIS .nf \fBfconfigure \fIchannelId\fR \fBfconfigure \fIchannelId\fR \fIname\fR \fBfconfigure \fIchannelId\fR \fIname value \fR?\fIname value ...\fR? .fi .BE .SH DESCRIPTION .PP The \fBfconfigure\fR command sets and retrieves options for channels. .PP \fIChannelId\fR identifies the channel for which to set or query an option and must refer to an open channel such as a Tcl standard channel (\fBstdin\fR, \fBstdout\fR, or \fBstderr\fR), the return value from an invocation of \fBopen\fR or \fBsocket\fR, or the result of a channel creation command provided by a Tcl extension. .PP If no \fIname\fR or \fIvalue\fR arguments are supplied, the command returns a list containing alternating option names and values for the channel. If \fIname\fR is supplied but no \fIvalue\fR then the command returns the current value of the given option. If one or more pairs of \fIname\fR and \fIvalue\fR are supplied, the command sets each of the named options to the corresponding \fIvalue\fR; in this case the return value is an empty string. .PP The options described below are supported for all channels. In addition, each channel type may add options that only it supports. See the manual entry for the command that creates each type of channels for the options that that specific type of channel supports. For example, see the manual entry for the \fBsocket\fR command for its additional options. .TP \fB\-blocking\fR \fIboolean\fR The \fB\-blocking\fR option determines whether I/O operations on the channel can cause the process to block indefinitely. The value of the option must be a proper boolean value. Channels are normally in blocking mode; if a channel is placed into nonblocking mode it will affect the operation of the \fBgets\fR, \fBread\fR, \fBputs\fR, \fBflush\fR, and \fBclose\fR commands; see the documentation for those commands for details. For nonblocking mode to work correctly, the application must be using the Tcl event loop (e.g. by calling \fBTcl_DoOneEvent\fR or invoking the \fBvwait\fR command). .TP \fB\-buffering\fR \fInewValue\fR . If \fInewValue\fR is \fBfull\fR then the I/O system will buffer output until its internal buffer is full or until the \fBflush\fR command is invoked. If \fInewValue\fR is \fBline\fR, then the I/O system will automatically flush output for the channel whenever a newline character is output. If \fInewValue\fR is \fBnone\fR, the I/O system will flush automatically after every output operation. The default is for \fB\-buffering\fR to be set to \fBfull\fR except for channels that connect to terminal-like devices; for these channels the initial setting is \fBline\fR. Additionally, \fBstdin\fR and \fBstdout\fR are initially set to \fBline\fR, and \fBstderr\fR is set to \fBnone\fR. .TP \fB\-buffersize\fR \fInewSize\fR . \fINewvalue\fR must be an integer; its value is used to set the size of buffers, in bytes, subsequently allocated for this channel to store input or output. \fINewvalue\fR must be between ten and one million, allowing buffers of ten to one million bytes in size. .TP \fB\-encoding\fR \fIname\fR . This option is used to specify the encoding of the channel, so that the data can be converted to and from Unicode for use in Tcl. For instance, in order for Tcl to read characters from a Japanese file in \fBshiftjis\fR and properly process and display the contents, the encoding would be set to \fBshiftjis\fR. Thereafter, when reading from the channel, the bytes in the Japanese file would be converted to Unicode as they are read. Writing is also supported \- as Tcl strings are written to the channel they will automatically be converted to the specified encoding on output. .RS .PP If a file contains pure binary data (for instance, a JPEG image), the encoding for the channel should be configured to be \fBbinary\fR. Tcl will then assign no interpretation to the data in the file and simply read or write raw bytes. The Tcl \fBbinary\fR command can be used to manipulate this byte-oriented data. .PP The default encoding for newly opened channels is the same platform- and locale-dependent system encoding used for interfacing with the operating system. .RE .TP \fB\-eofchar\fR \fIchar\fR .TP \fB\-eofchar\fR \fB{\fIinChar outChar\fB}\fR . This option supports DOS file systems that use Control-z (\ex1a) as an end of file marker. If \fIchar\fR is not an empty string, then this character signals end-of-file when it is encountered during input. For output, the end-of-file character is output when the channel is closed. If \fIchar\fR is the empty string, then there is no special end of file character marker. For read-write channels, a two-element list specifies the end of file marker for input and output, respectively. As a convenience, when setting the end-of-file character for a read-write channel you can specify a single value that will apply to both reading and writing. When querying the end-of-file character of a read-write channel, a two-element list will always be returned. The default value for \fB\-eofchar\fR is the empty string in all cases except for files under Windows. In that case the \fB\-eofchar\fR is Control-z (\ex1a) for reading and the empty string for writing. .TP \fB\-translation\fR \fImode\fR .TP \fB\-translation\fR \fB{\fIinMode outMode\fB}\fR . In Tcl scripts the end of a line is always represented using a single newline character (\en). However, in actual files and devices the end of a line may be represented differently on different platforms, or even for different devices on the same platform. For example, under UNIX newlines are used in files, whereas carriage-return-linefeed sequences are normally used in network connections. On input (i.e., with \fBgets\fP and \fBread\fP) the Tcl I/O system automatically translates the external end-of-line representation into newline characters. Upon output (i.e., with \fBputs\fP), the I/O system translates newlines to the external end-of-line representation. The default translation mode, \fBauto\fP, handles all the common cases automatically, but the \fB\-translation\fR option provides explicit control over the end of line translations. .RS .PP The value associated with \fB\-translation\fR is a single item for read-only and write-only channels. The value is a two-element list for read-write channels; the read translation mode is the first element of the list, and the write translation mode is the second element. As a convenience, when setting the translation mode for a read-write channel you can specify a single value that will apply to both reading and writing. When querying the translation mode of a read-write channel, a two-element list will always be returned. The following values are currently supported: .TP \fBauto\fR . As the input translation mode, \fBauto\fR treats any of newline (\fBlf\fP), carriage return (\fBcr\fP), or carriage return followed by a newline (\fBcrlf\fP) as the end of line representation. The end of line representation can even change from line-to-line, and all cases are translated to a newline. As the output translation mode, \fBauto\fR chooses a platform specific representation; for sockets on all platforms Tcl chooses \fBcrlf\fR, for all Unix flavors, it chooses \fBlf\fR, for the Macintosh platform it chooses \fBcr\fR and for the various flavors of Windows it chooses \fBcrlf\fR. The default setting for \fB\-translation\fR is \fBauto\fR for both input and output. .TP \fBbinary\fR . No end-of-line translations are performed. This is nearly identical to \fBlf\fP mode, except that in addition \fBbinary\fP mode also sets the end-of-file character to the empty string (which disables it) and sets the encoding to \fBbinary\fR (which disables encoding filtering). See the description of \fB\-eofchar\fR and \fB\-encoding\fR for more information. .TP \fBcr\fR . The end of a line in the underlying file or device is represented by a single carriage return character. As the input translation mode, \fBcr\fP mode converts carriage returns to newline characters. As the output translation mode, \fBcr\fP mode translates newline characters to carriage returns. This mode is typically used on Macintosh platforms. .TP \fBcrlf\fR . The end of a line in the underlying file or device is represented by a carriage return character followed by a linefeed character. As the input translation mode, \fBcrlf\fP mode converts carriage-return-linefeed sequences to newline characters. As the output translation mode, \fBcrlf\fP mode translates newline characters to carriage-return-linefeed sequences. This mode is typically used on Windows platforms and for network connections. .TP \fBlf\fR . The end of a line in the underlying file or device is represented by a single newline (linefeed) character. In this mode no translations occur during either input or output. This mode is typically used on UNIX platforms. .RE .PP .SH "STANDARD CHANNELS" .PP The Tcl standard channels (\fBstdin\fR, \fBstdout\fR, and \fBstderr\fR) can be configured through this command like every other channel opened by the Tcl library. Beyond the standard options described above they will also support any special option according to their current type. If, for example, a Tcl application is started by the \fBinet\fR super-server common on Unix system its Tcl standard channels will be sockets and thus support the socket options. .SH EXAMPLES Instruct Tcl to always send output to \fBstdout\fR immediately, whether or not it is to a terminal: .CS \fBfconfigure\fR stdout -buffering none .CE .PP Open a socket and read lines from it without ever blocking the processing of other events: .CS set s [socket some.where.com 12345] \fBfconfigure\fR $s -blocking 0 fileevent $s readable "readMe $s" proc readMe chan { if {[gets $chan line] < 0} { if {[eof $chan]} { close $chan return } # Could not read a complete line this time; Tcl's # internal buffering will hold the partial line for us # until some more data is available over the socket. } else { puts stdout $line } } .CE .PP Read a PPM-format image from a file: .CS # Open the file and put it into Unix ASCII mode set f [open teapot.ppm] \fBfconfigure\fR $f \-encoding ascii \-translation lf # Get the header if {[gets $f] ne "P6"} { error "not a raw\-bits PPM" } # Read lines until we have got non-comment lines # that supply us with three decimal values. set words {} while {[llength $words] < 3} { gets $f line if {[string match "#*" $line]} continue lappend words [eval concat [scan $line %d%d%d]] } # Those words supply the size of the image and its # overall depth per channel. Assign to variables. foreach {xSize ySize depth} $words {break} # Now switch to binary mode to pull in the data, # one byte per channel (red,green,blue) per pixel. \fBfconfigure\fR $f \-translation binary set numDataBytes [expr {3 * $xSize * $ySize}] set data [read $f $numDataBytes] close $f .CE .SH "SEE ALSO" close(n), flush(n), gets(n), open(n), puts(n), read(n), socket(n), Tcl_StandardChannels(3) .SH KEYWORDS blocking, buffering, carriage return, end of line, flushing, linemode, newline, nonblocking, platform, translation, encoding, filter, byte array, binary