/* * tclBinary.c -- * * This file contains the implementation of the "binary" Tcl built-in * command and the Tcl binary data object. * * Copyright (c) 1997 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. * Copyright (c) 1998-1999 by Scriptics Corporation. * * See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution of * this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES. */ #include "tclInt.h" #include "tommath.h" #include /* * The following constants are used by GetFormatSpec to indicate various * special conditions in the parsing of a format specifier. */ #define BINARY_ALL -1 /* Use all elements in the argument. */ #define BINARY_NOCOUNT -2 /* No count was specified in format. */ /* * The following flags may be ORed together and returned by GetFormatSpec */ #define BINARY_SIGNED 0 /* Field to be read as signed data */ #define BINARY_UNSIGNED 1 /* Field to be read as unsigned data */ /* * The following defines the maximum number of different (integer) numbers * placed in the object cache by 'binary scan' before it bails out and * switches back to Plan A (creating a new object for each value.) * Theoretically, it would be possible to keep the cache about for the values * that are already in it, but that makes the code slower in practise when * overflow happens, and makes little odds the rest of the time (as measured * on my machine.) It is also slower (on the sample I tried at least) to grow * the cache to hold all items we might want to put in it; presumably the * extra cost of managing the memory for the enlarged table outweighs the * benefit from allocating fewer objects. This is probably because as the * number of objects increases, the likelihood of reuse of any particular one * drops, and there is very little gain from larger maximum cache sizes (the * value below is chosen to allow caching to work in full with conversion of * bytes.) - DKF */ #define BINARY_SCAN_MAX_CACHE 260 /* * Prototypes for local procedures defined in this file: */ static void DupByteArrayInternalRep(Tcl_Obj *srcPtr, Tcl_Obj *copyPtr); static int FormatNumber(Tcl_Interp *interp, int type, Tcl_Obj *src, unsigned char **cursorPtr); static void FreeByteArrayInternalRep(Tcl_Obj *objPtr); static int GetFormatSpec(const char **formatPtr, char *cmdPtr, int *countPtr, int *flagsPtr); static Tcl_Obj * ScanNumber(unsigned char *buffer, int type, int flags, Tcl_HashTable **numberCachePtr); static int SetByteArrayFromAny(Tcl_Interp *interp, Tcl_Obj *objPtr); static void UpdateStringOfByteArray(Tcl_Obj *listPtr); static void DeleteScanNumberCache(Tcl_HashTable *numberCachePtr); static int NeedReversing(int format); static void CopyNumber(const void *from, void *to, unsigned length, int type); /* Binary ensemble commands */ static int BinaryFormatCmd(ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp, int objc, Tcl_Obj *const objv[]); static int BinaryScanCmd(ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp, int objc, Tcl_Obj *const objv[]); /* Binary encoding sub-ensemble commands */ static int BinaryEncodeHex(ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp, int objc, Tcl_Obj *const objv[]); static int BinaryDecodeHex(ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp, int objc, Tcl_Obj *const objv[]); static int BinaryEncode64(ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp, int objc, Tcl_Obj *const objv[]); static int BinaryDecode64(ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp, int objc, Tcl_Obj *const objv[]); static int BinaryEncodeUu(ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp, int objc, Tcl_Obj *const objv[]); static int BinaryDecodeUu(ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp, int objc, Tcl_Obj *const objv[]); /* * The following tables are used by the binary encoders */ static const char HexDigits[16] = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f' }; static const char UueDigits[65] = { '`', '!', '"', '#', '$', '%', '&', '\'', '(', ')', '*', '+', ',', '-', '.', '/', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', ':', ';', '<', '=', '>', '?', '@', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', '[', '\\',']', '^', '_', '`' }; static const char B64Digits[65] = { 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/', '=' }; /* * How to construct the ensembles. */ static const EnsembleImplMap binaryMap[] = { { "format", BinaryFormatCmd, TclCompileBasicMin1ArgCmd, NULL, NULL, 0 }, { "scan", BinaryScanCmd, TclCompileBasicMin2ArgCmd, NULL, NULL, 0 }, { "encode", NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0 }, { "decode", NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0 }, { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0 } }; static const EnsembleImplMap encodeMap[] = { { "hex", BinaryEncodeHex, TclCompileBasic1ArgCmd, NULL, (ClientData)HexDigits, 0 }, { "uuencode", BinaryEncodeUu, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0 }, { "base64", BinaryEncode64, NULL, NULL, (ClientData)B64Digits, 0 }, { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0 } }; static const EnsembleImplMap decodeMap[] = { { "hex", BinaryDecodeHex, TclCompileBasic1Or2ArgCmd, NULL, NULL, 0 }, { "uuencode", BinaryDecodeUu, TclCompileBasic1Or2ArgCmd, NULL, NULL, 0 }, { "base64", BinaryDecode64, TclCompileBasic1Or2ArgCmd, NULL, NULL, 0 }, { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0 } }; /* * The following object type represents an array of bytes. An array of bytes * is not equivalent to an internationalized string. Conceptually, a string is * an array of 16-bit quantities organized as a sequence of properly formed * UTF-8 characters, while a ByteArray is an array of 8-bit quantities. * Accessor functions are provided to convert a ByteArray to a String or a * String to a ByteArray. Two or more consecutive bytes in an array of bytes * may look like a single UTF-8 character if the array is casually treated as * a string. But obtaining the String from a ByteArray is guaranteed to * produced properly formed UTF-8 sequences so that there is a one-to-one map * between bytes and characters. * * Converting a ByteArray to a String proceeds by casting each byte in the * array to a 16-bit quantity, treating that number as a Unicode character, * and storing the UTF-8 version of that Unicode character in the String. For * ByteArrays consisting entirely of values 1..127, the corresponding String * representation is the same as the ByteArray representation. * * Converting a String to a ByteArray proceeds by getting the Unicode * representation of each character in the String, casting it to a byte by * truncating the upper 8 bits, and then storing the byte in the ByteArray. * Converting from ByteArray to String and back to ByteArray is not lossy, but * converting an arbitrary String to a ByteArray may be. */ const Tcl_ObjType tclByteArrayType = { "bytearray", FreeByteArrayInternalRep, DupByteArrayInternalRep, UpdateStringOfByteArray, SetByteArrayFromAny }; /* * The following structure is the internal rep for a ByteArray object. Keeps * track of how much memory has been used and how much has been allocated for * the byte array to enable growing and shrinking of the ByteArray object with * fewer mallocs. */ typedef struct ByteArray { int used; /* The number of bytes used in the byte * array. */ int allocated; /* The amount of space actually allocated * minus 1 byte. */ unsigned char bytes[1]; /* The array of bytes. The actual size of this * field depends on the 'allocated' field * above. */ } ByteArray; #define BYTEARRAY_SIZE(len) \ ((unsigned) (TclOffset(ByteArray, bytes) + (len))) #define GET_BYTEARRAY(objPtr) \ ((ByteArray *) (objPtr)->internalRep.twoPtrValue.ptr1) #define SET_BYTEARRAY(objPtr, baPtr) \ (objPtr)->internalRep.twoPtrValue.ptr1 = (void *) (baPtr) /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * Tcl_NewByteArrayObj -- * * This procedure is creates a new ByteArray object and initializes it * from the given array of bytes. * * Results: * The newly create object is returned. This object will have no initial * string representation. The returned object has a ref count of 0. * * Side effects: * Memory allocated for new object and copy of byte array argument. * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ #undef Tcl_NewByteArrayObj Tcl_Obj * Tcl_NewByteArrayObj( const unsigned char *bytes, /* The array of bytes used to initialize the * new object. */ int length) /* Length of the array of bytes, which must be * >= 0. */ { #ifdef TCL_MEM_DEBUG return Tcl_DbNewByteArrayObj(bytes, length, "unknown", 0); #else /* if not TCL_MEM_DEBUG */ Tcl_Obj *objPtr; TclNewObj(objPtr); Tcl_SetByteArrayObj(objPtr, bytes, length); return objPtr; #endif /* TCL_MEM_DEBUG */ } /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * Tcl_DbNewByteArrayObj -- * * This procedure is normally called when debugging: i.e., when * TCL_MEM_DEBUG is defined. It is the same as the Tcl_NewByteArrayObj * above except that it calls Tcl_DbCkalloc directly with the file name * and line number from its caller. This simplifies debugging since then * the [memory active] command will report the correct file name and line * number when reporting objects that haven't been freed. * * When TCL_MEM_DEBUG is not defined, this procedure just returns the * result of calling Tcl_NewByteArrayObj. * * Results: * The newly create object is returned. This object will have no initial * string representation. The returned object has a ref count of 0. * * Side effects: * Memory allocated for new object and copy of byte array argument. * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ Tcl_Obj * Tcl_DbNewByteArrayObj( const unsigned char *bytes, /* The array of bytes used to initialize the * new object. */ int length, /* Length of the array of bytes, which must be * >= 0. */ const char *file, /* The name of the source file calling this * procedure; used for debugging. */ int line) /* Line number in the source file; used for * debugging. */ { #ifdef TCL_MEM_DEBUG Tcl_Obj *objPtr; TclDbNewObj(objPtr, file, line); Tcl_SetByteArrayObj(objPtr, bytes, length); return objPtr; #else /* if not TCL_MEM_DEBUG */ return Tcl_NewByteArrayObj(bytes, length); #endif /* TCL_MEM_DEBUG */ } /* *--------------------------------------------------------------------------- * * Tcl_SetByteArrayObj -- * * Modify an object to be a ByteArray object and to have the specified * array of bytes as its value. * * Results: * None. * * Side effects: * The object's old string rep and internal rep is freed. Memory * allocated for copy of byte array argument. * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ void Tcl_SetByteArrayObj( Tcl_Obj *objPtr, /* Object to initialize as a ByteArray. */ const unsigned char *bytes, /* The array of bytes to use as the new value. May be NULL even if length > 0. */ int length) /* Length of the array of bytes, which must be >= 0. */ { ByteArray *byteArrayPtr; if (Tcl_IsShared(objPtr)) { Tcl_Panic("%s called with shared object", "Tcl_SetByteArrayObj"); } TclFreeIntRep(objPtr); TclInvalidateStringRep(objPtr); if (length < 0) { length = 0; } byteArrayPtr = ckalloc(BYTEARRAY_SIZE(length)); byteArrayPtr->used = length; byteArrayPtr->allocated = length; if ((bytes != NULL) && (length > 0)) { memcpy(byteArrayPtr->bytes, bytes, (size_t) length); } objPtr->typePtr = &tclByteArrayType; SET_BYTEARRAY(objPtr, byteArrayPtr); } /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj -- * * Attempt to get the array of bytes from the Tcl object. If the object * is not already a ByteArray object, an attempt will be made to convert * it to one. * * Results: * Pointer to array of bytes representing the ByteArray object. * * Side effects: * Frees old internal rep. Allocates memory for new internal rep. * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ unsigned char * Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj( Tcl_Obj *objPtr, /* The ByteArray object. */ int *lengthPtr) /* If non-NULL, filled with length of the * array of bytes in the ByteArray object. */ { ByteArray *baPtr; if (objPtr->typePtr != &tclByteArrayType) { SetByteArrayFromAny(NULL, objPtr); } baPtr = GET_BYTEARRAY(objPtr); if (lengthPtr != NULL) { *lengthPtr = baPtr->used; } return (unsigned char *) baPtr->bytes; } /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * Tcl_SetByteArrayLength -- * * This procedure changes the length of the byte array for this object. * Once the caller has set the length of the array, it is acceptable to * directly modify the bytes in the array up until Tcl_GetStringFromObj() * has been called on this object. * * Results: * The new byte array of the specified length. * * Side effects: * Allocates enough memory for an array of bytes of the requested size. * When growing the array, the old array is copied to the new array; new * bytes are undefined. When shrinking, the old array is truncated to the * specified length. * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ unsigned char * Tcl_SetByteArrayLength( Tcl_Obj *objPtr, /* The ByteArray object. */ int length) /* New length for internal byte array. */ { ByteArray *byteArrayPtr; if (Tcl_IsShared(objPtr)) { Tcl_Panic("%s called with shared object", "Tcl_SetByteArrayLength"); } if (objPtr->typePtr != &tclByteArrayType) { SetByteArrayFromAny(NULL, objPtr); } byteArrayPtr = GET_BYTEARRAY(objPtr); if (length > byteArrayPtr->allocated) { byteArrayPtr = ckrealloc(byteArrayPtr, BYTEARRAY_SIZE(length)); byteArrayPtr->allocated = length; SET_BYTEARRAY(objPtr, byteArrayPtr); } TclInvalidateStringRep(objPtr); byteArrayPtr->used = length; return byteArrayPtr->bytes; } /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * SetByteArrayFromAny -- * * Generate the ByteArray internal rep from the string rep. * * Results: * The return value is always TCL_OK. * * Side effects: * A ByteArray object is stored as the internal rep of objPtr. * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ static int SetByteArrayFromAny( Tcl_Interp *interp, /* Not used. */ Tcl_Obj *objPtr) /* The object to convert to type ByteArray. */ { int length; const char *src, *srcEnd; unsigned char *dst; ByteArray *byteArrayPtr; Tcl_UniChar ch; if (objPtr->typePtr != &tclByteArrayType) { src = TclGetStringFromObj(objPtr, &length); srcEnd = src + length; byteArrayPtr = ckalloc(BYTEARRAY_SIZE(length)); for (dst = byteArrayPtr->bytes; src < srcEnd; ) { src += Tcl_UtfToUniChar(src, &ch); *dst++ = UCHAR(ch); } byteArrayPtr->used = dst - byteArrayPtr->bytes; byteArrayPtr->allocated = length; TclFreeIntRep(objPtr); objPtr->typePtr = &tclByteArrayType; SET_BYTEARRAY(objPtr, byteArrayPtr); } return TCL_OK; } /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * FreeByteArrayInternalRep -- * * Deallocate the storage associated with a ByteArray data object's * internal representation. * * Results: * None. * * Side effects: * Frees memory. * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ static void FreeByteArrayInternalRep( Tcl_Obj *objPtr) /* Object with internal rep to free. */ { ckfree(GET_BYTEARRAY(objPtr)); objPtr->typePtr = NULL; } /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * DupByteArrayInternalRep -- * * Initialize the internal representation of a ByteArray Tcl_Obj to a * copy of the internal representation of an existing ByteArray object. * * Results: * None. * * Side effects: * Allocates memory. * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ static void DupByteArrayInternalRep( Tcl_Obj *srcPtr, /* Object with internal rep to copy. */ Tcl_Obj *copyPtr) /* Object with internal rep to set. */ { int length; ByteArray *srcArrayPtr, *copyArrayPtr; srcArrayPtr = GET_BYTEARRAY(srcPtr); length = srcArrayPtr->used; copyArrayPtr = ckalloc(BYTEARRAY_SIZE(length)); copyArrayPtr->used = length; copyArrayPtr->allocated = length; memcpy(copyArrayPtr->bytes, srcArrayPtr->bytes, (size_t) length); SET_BYTEARRAY(copyPtr, copyArrayPtr); copyPtr->typePtr = &tclByteArrayType; } /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * UpdateStringOfByteArray -- * * Update the string representation for a ByteArray data object. Note: * This procedure does not invalidate an existing old string rep so * storage will be lost if this has not already been done. * * Results: * None. * * Side effects: * The object's string is set to a valid string that results from the * ByteArray-to-string conversion. * * The object becomes a string object -- the internal rep is discarded * and the typePtr becomes NULL. * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ static void UpdateStringOfByteArray( Tcl_Obj *objPtr) /* ByteArray object whose string rep to * update. */ { int i, length, size; unsigned char *src; char *dst; ByteArray *byteArrayPtr; byteArrayPtr = GET_BYTEARRAY(objPtr); src = byteArrayPtr->bytes; length = byteArrayPtr->used; /* * How much space will string rep need? */ size = length; for (i = 0; i < length && size >= 0; i++) { if ((src[i] == 0) || (src[i] > 127)) { size++; } } if (size < 0) { Tcl_Panic("max size for a Tcl value (%d bytes) exceeded", INT_MAX); } dst = ckalloc(size + 1); objPtr->bytes = dst; objPtr->length = size; if (size == length) { memcpy(dst, src, (size_t) size); dst[size] = '\0'; } else { for (i = 0; i < length; i++) { dst += Tcl_UniCharToUtf(src[i], dst); } *dst = '\0'; } } /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * TclAppendBytesToByteArray -- * * This function appends an array of bytes to a byte array object. Note * that the object *must* be unshared, and the array of bytes *must not* * refer to the object being appended to. Also the caller must have * already checked that the final length of the bytearray after the * append operations is complete will not overflow the int range. * * Results: * None. * * Side effects: * Allocates enough memory for an array of bytes of the requested total * size, or possibly larger. [Bug 2992970] * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ void TclAppendBytesToByteArray( Tcl_Obj *objPtr, const unsigned char *bytes, int len) { ByteArray *byteArrayPtr; if (Tcl_IsShared(objPtr)) { Tcl_Panic("%s called with shared object","TclAppendBytesToByteArray"); } if (len < 0) { Tcl_Panic("%s must be called with definite number of bytes to append", "TclAppendBytesToByteArray"); } if (objPtr->typePtr != &tclByteArrayType) { SetByteArrayFromAny(NULL, objPtr); } byteArrayPtr = GET_BYTEARRAY(objPtr); /* * If we need to, resize the allocated space in the byte array. */ if (byteArrayPtr->used + len > byteArrayPtr->allocated) { unsigned int attempt, used = byteArrayPtr->used; ByteArray *tmpByteArrayPtr = NULL; attempt = byteArrayPtr->allocated; if (attempt < 1) { /* * No allocated bytes, so must be none used too. We use this * method to calculate how many bytes to allocate because we can * end up with a zero-length buffer otherwise, when doubling can * cause trouble. [Bug 3067036] */ attempt = len + 1; } else { do { attempt *= 2; } while (attempt < used+len); } if (BYTEARRAY_SIZE(attempt) > BYTEARRAY_SIZE(used)) { tmpByteArrayPtr = attemptckrealloc(byteArrayPtr, BYTEARRAY_SIZE(attempt)); } if (tmpByteArrayPtr == NULL) { attempt = used + len; if (BYTEARRAY_SIZE(attempt) < BYTEARRAY_SIZE(used)) { Tcl_Panic("attempt to allocate a bigger buffer than we can handle"); } tmpByteArrayPtr = ckrealloc(byteArrayPtr, BYTEARRAY_SIZE(attempt)); } byteArrayPtr = tmpByteArrayPtr; byteArrayPtr->allocated = attempt; byteArrayPtr->used = used; SET_BYTEARRAY(objPtr, byteArrayPtr); } /* * Do the append if there's any point. */ if (len > 0) { memcpy(byteArrayPtr->bytes + byteArrayPtr->used, bytes, len); byteArrayPtr->used += len; TclInvalidateStringRep(objPtr); } } /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * TclInitBinaryCmd -- * * This function is called to create the "binary" Tcl command. See the * user documentation for details on what it does. * * Results: * A command token for the new command. * * Side effects: * Creates a new binary command as a mapped ensemble. * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ Tcl_Command TclInitBinaryCmd( Tcl_Interp *interp) { Tcl_Command binaryEnsemble; binaryEnsemble = TclMakeEnsemble(interp, "binary", binaryMap); TclMakeEnsemble(interp, "binary encode", encodeMap); TclMakeEnsemble(interp, "binary decode", decodeMap); return binaryEnsemble; } /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * BinaryFormatCmd -- * * This procedure implements the "binary format" Tcl command. * * Results: * A standard Tcl result. * * Side effects: * See the user documentation. * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ static int BinaryFormatCmd( ClientData dummy, /* Not used. */ Tcl_Interp *interp, /* Current interpreter. */ int objc, /* Number of arguments. */ Tcl_Obj *const objv[]) /* Argument objects. */ { int arg; /* Index of next argument to consume. */ int value = 0; /* Current integer value to be packed. * Initialized to avoid compiler warning. */ char cmd; /* Current format character. */ int count; /* Count associated with current format * character. */ int flags; /* Format field flags */ const char *format; /* Pointer to current position in format * string. */ Tcl_Obj *resultPtr = NULL; /* Object holding result buffer. */ unsigned char *buffer; /* Start of result buffer. */ unsigned char *cursor; /* Current position within result buffer. */ unsigned char *maxPos; /* Greatest position within result buffer that * cursor has visited.*/ const char *errorString; const char *errorValue, *str; int offset, size, length; if (objc < 2) { Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "formatString ?arg ...?"); return TCL_ERROR; } /* * To avoid copying the data, we format the string in two passes. The * first pass computes the size of the output buffer. The second pass * places the formatted data into the buffer. */ format = TclGetString(objv[1]); arg = 2; offset = 0; length = 0; while (*format != '\0') { str = format; flags = 0; if (!GetFormatSpec(&format, &cmd, &count, &flags)) { break; } switch (cmd) { case 'a': case 'A': case 'b': case 'B': case 'h': case 'H': /* * For string-type specifiers, the count corresponds to the number * of bytes in a single argument. */ if (arg >= objc) { goto badIndex; } if (count == BINARY_ALL) { Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj(objv[arg], &count); } else if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) { count = 1; } arg++; if (cmd == 'a' || cmd == 'A') { offset += count; } else if (cmd == 'b' || cmd == 'B') { offset += (count + 7) / 8; } else { offset += (count + 1) / 2; } break; case 'c': size = 1; goto doNumbers; case 't': case 's': case 'S': size = 2; goto doNumbers; case 'n': case 'i': case 'I': size = 4; goto doNumbers; case 'm': case 'w': case 'W': size = 8; goto doNumbers; case 'r': case 'R': case 'f': size = sizeof(float); goto doNumbers; case 'q': case 'Q': case 'd': size = sizeof(double); doNumbers: if (arg >= objc) { goto badIndex; } /* * For number-type specifiers, the count corresponds to the number * of elements in the list stored in a single argument. If no * count is specified, then the argument is taken as a single * non-list value. */ if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) { arg++; count = 1; } else { int listc; Tcl_Obj **listv; /* * The macro evals its args more than once: avoid arg++ */ if (TclListObjGetElements(interp, objv[arg], &listc, &listv) != TCL_OK) { return TCL_ERROR; } arg++; if (count == BINARY_ALL) { count = listc; } else if (count > listc) { Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, Tcl_NewStringObj( "number of elements in list does not match count", -1)); return TCL_ERROR; } } offset += count*size; break; case 'x': if (count == BINARY_ALL) { Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, Tcl_NewStringObj( "cannot use \"*\" in format string with \"x\"", -1)); return TCL_ERROR; } else if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) { count = 1; } offset += count; break; case 'X': if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) { count = 1; } if ((count > offset) || (count == BINARY_ALL)) { count = offset; } if (offset > length) { length = offset; } offset -= count; break; case '@': if (offset > length) { length = offset; } if (count == BINARY_ALL) { offset = length; } else if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) { goto badCount; } else { offset = count; } break; default: errorString = str; goto badField; } } if (offset > length) { length = offset; } if (length == 0) { return TCL_OK; } /* * Prepare the result object by preallocating the caclulated number of * bytes and filling with nulls. */ resultPtr = Tcl_NewObj(); buffer = Tcl_SetByteArrayLength(resultPtr, length); memset(buffer, 0, (size_t) length); /* * Pack the data into the result object. Note that we can skip the * error checking during this pass, since we have already parsed the * string once. */ arg = 2; format = TclGetString(objv[1]); cursor = buffer; maxPos = cursor; while (*format != 0) { flags = 0; if (!GetFormatSpec(&format, &cmd, &count, &flags)) { break; } if ((count == 0) && (cmd != '@')) { if (cmd != 'x') { arg++; } continue; } switch (cmd) { case 'a': case 'A': { char pad = (char) (cmd == 'a' ? '\0' : ' '); unsigned char *bytes; bytes = Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj(objv[arg++], &length); if (count == BINARY_ALL) { count = length; } else if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) { count = 1; } if (length >= count) { memcpy(cursor, bytes, (size_t) count); } else { memcpy(cursor, bytes, (size_t) length); memset(cursor + length, pad, (size_t) (count - length)); } cursor += count; break; } case 'b': case 'B': { unsigned char *last; str = TclGetStringFromObj(objv[arg], &length); arg++; if (count == BINARY_ALL) { count = length; } else if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) { count = 1; } last = cursor + ((count + 7) / 8); if (count > length) { count = length; } value = 0; errorString = "binary"; if (cmd == 'B') { for (offset = 0; offset < count; offset++) { value <<= 1; if (str[offset] == '1') { value |= 1; } else if (str[offset] != '0') { errorValue = str; Tcl_DecrRefCount(resultPtr); goto badValue; } if (((offset + 1) % 8) == 0) { *cursor++ = UCHAR(value); value = 0; } } } else { for (offset = 0; offset < count; offset++) { value >>= 1; if (str[offset] == '1') { value |= 128; } else if (str[offset] != '0') { errorValue = str; Tcl_DecrRefCount(resultPtr); goto badValue; } if (!((offset + 1) % 8)) { *cursor++ = UCHAR(value); value = 0; } } } if ((offset % 8) != 0) { if (cmd == 'B') { value <<= 8 - (offset % 8); } else { value >>= 8 - (offset % 8); } *cursor++ = UCHAR(value); } while (cursor < last) { *cursor++ = '\0'; } break; } case 'h': case 'H': { unsigned char *last; int c; str = TclGetStringFromObj(objv[arg], &length); arg++; if (count == BINARY_ALL) { count = length; } else if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) { count = 1; } last = cursor + ((count + 1) / 2); if (count > length) { count = length; } value = 0; errorString = "hexadecimal"; if (cmd == 'H') { for (offset = 0; offset < count; offset++) { value <<= 4; if (!isxdigit(UCHAR(str[offset]))) { /* INTL: digit */ errorValue = str; Tcl_DecrRefCount(resultPtr); goto badValue; } c = str[offset] - '0'; if (c > 9) { c += ('0' - 'A') + 10; } if (c > 16) { c += ('A' - 'a'); } value |= (c & 0xf); if (offset % 2) { *cursor++ = (char) value; value = 0; } } } else { for (offset = 0; offset < count; offset++) { value >>= 4; if (!isxdigit(UCHAR(str[offset]))) { /* INTL: digit */ errorValue = str; Tcl_DecrRefCount(resultPtr); goto badValue; } c = str[offset] - '0'; if (c > 9) { c += ('0' - 'A') + 10; } if (c > 16) { c += ('A' - 'a'); } value |= ((c << 4) & 0xf0); if (offset % 2) { *cursor++ = UCHAR(value & 0xff); value = 0; } } } if (offset % 2) { if (cmd == 'H') { value <<= 4; } else { value >>= 4; } *cursor++ = UCHAR(value); } while (cursor < last) { *cursor++ = '\0'; } break; } case 'c': case 't': case 's': case 'S': case 'n': case 'i': case 'I': case 'm': case 'w': case 'W': case 'r': case 'R': case 'd': case 'q': case 'Q': case 'f': { int listc, i; Tcl_Obj **listv; if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) { /* * Note that we are casting away the const-ness of objv, but * this is safe since we aren't going to modify the array. */ listv = (Tcl_Obj **) (objv + arg); listc = 1; count = 1; } else { TclListObjGetElements(interp, objv[arg], &listc, &listv); if (count == BINARY_ALL) { count = listc; } } arg++; for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { if (FormatNumber(interp, cmd, listv[i], &cursor)!=TCL_OK) { Tcl_DecrRefCount(resultPtr); return TCL_ERROR; } } break; } case 'x': if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) { count = 1; } memset(cursor, 0, (size_t) count); cursor += count; break; case 'X': if (cursor > maxPos) { maxPos = cursor; } if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) { count = 1; } if ((count == BINARY_ALL) || (count > (cursor - buffer))) { cursor = buffer; } else { cursor -= count; } break; case '@': if (cursor > maxPos) { maxPos = cursor; } if (count == BINARY_ALL) { cursor = maxPos; } else { cursor = buffer + count; } break; } } Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, resultPtr); return TCL_OK; badValue: Tcl_ResetResult(interp); Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, Tcl_ObjPrintf( "expected %s string but got \"%s\" instead", errorString, errorValue)); return TCL_ERROR; badCount: errorString = "missing count for \"@\" field specifier"; goto error; badIndex: errorString = "not enough arguments for all format specifiers"; goto error; badField: { Tcl_UniChar ch; char buf[TCL_UTF_MAX + 1]; Tcl_UtfToUniChar(errorString, &ch); buf[Tcl_UniCharToUtf(ch, buf)] = '\0'; Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, Tcl_ObjPrintf( "bad field specifier \"%s\"", buf)); return TCL_ERROR; } error: Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, Tcl_NewStringObj(errorString, -1)); return TCL_ERROR; } /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * BinaryScanCmd -- * * This procedure implements the "binary scan" Tcl command. * * Results: * A standard Tcl result. * * Side effects: * See the user documentation. * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ int BinaryScanCmd( ClientData dummy, /* Not used. */ Tcl_Interp *interp, /* Current interpreter. */ int objc, /* Number of arguments. */ Tcl_Obj *const objv[]) /* Argument objects. */ { int arg; /* Index of next argument to consume. */ int value = 0; /* Current integer value to be packed. * Initialized to avoid compiler warning. */ char cmd; /* Current format character. */ int count; /* Count associated with current format * character. */ int flags; /* Format field flags */ const char *format; /* Pointer to current position in format * string. */ Tcl_Obj *resultPtr = NULL; /* Object holding result buffer. */ unsigned char *buffer; /* Start of result buffer. */ const char *errorString; const char *str; int offset, size, length; int i; Tcl_Obj *valuePtr, *elementPtr; Tcl_HashTable numberCacheHash; Tcl_HashTable *numberCachePtr; if (objc < 3) { Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "value formatString ?varName ...?"); return TCL_ERROR; } numberCachePtr = &numberCacheHash; Tcl_InitHashTable(numberCachePtr, TCL_ONE_WORD_KEYS); buffer = Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj(objv[1], &length); format = TclGetString(objv[2]); arg = 3; offset = 0; while (*format != '\0') { str = format; flags = 0; if (!GetFormatSpec(&format, &cmd, &count, &flags)) { goto done; } switch (cmd) { case 'a': case 'A': { unsigned char *src; if (arg >= objc) { DeleteScanNumberCache(numberCachePtr); goto badIndex; } if (count == BINARY_ALL) { count = length - offset; } else { if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) { count = 1; } if (count > (length - offset)) { goto done; } } src = buffer + offset; size = count; /* * Trim trailing nulls and spaces, if necessary. */ if (cmd == 'A') { while (size > 0) { if (src[size-1] != '\0' && src[size-1] != ' ') { break; } size--; } } /* * Have to do this #ifdef-fery because (as part of defining * Tcl_NewByteArrayObj) we removed the #def that hides this stuff * normally. If this code ever gets copied to another file, it * should be changed back to the simpler version. */ #ifdef TCL_MEM_DEBUG valuePtr = Tcl_DbNewByteArrayObj(src, size, __FILE__, __LINE__); #else valuePtr = Tcl_NewByteArrayObj(src, size); #endif /* TCL_MEM_DEBUG */ resultPtr = Tcl_ObjSetVar2(interp, objv[arg], NULL, valuePtr, TCL_LEAVE_ERR_MSG); arg++; if (resultPtr == NULL) { DeleteScanNumberCache(numberCachePtr); return TCL_ERROR; } offset += count; break; } case 'b': case 'B': { unsigned char *src; char *dest; if (arg >= objc) { DeleteScanNumberCache(numberCachePtr); goto badIndex; } if (count == BINARY_ALL) { count = (length - offset) * 8; } else { if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) { count = 1; } if (count > (length - offset) * 8) { goto done; } } src = buffer + offset; valuePtr = Tcl_NewObj(); Tcl_SetObjLength(valuePtr, count); dest = TclGetString(valuePtr); if (cmd == 'b') { for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { if (i % 8) { value >>= 1; } else { value = *src++; } *dest++ = (char) ((value & 1) ? '1' : '0'); } } else { for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { if (i % 8) { value <<= 1; } else { value = *src++; } *dest++ = (char) ((value & 0x80) ? '1' : '0'); } } resultPtr = Tcl_ObjSetVar2(interp, objv[arg], NULL, valuePtr, TCL_LEAVE_ERR_MSG); arg++; if (resultPtr == NULL) { DeleteScanNumberCache(numberCachePtr); return TCL_ERROR; } offset += (count + 7) / 8; break; } case 'h': case 'H': { char *dest; unsigned char *src; static const char hexdigit[] = "0123456789abcdef"; if (arg >= objc) { DeleteScanNumberCache(numberCachePtr); goto badIndex; } if (count == BINARY_ALL) { count = (length - offset)*2; } else { if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) { count = 1; } if (count > (length - offset)*2) { goto done; } } src = buffer + offset; valuePtr = Tcl_NewObj(); Tcl_SetObjLength(valuePtr, count); dest = TclGetString(valuePtr); if (cmd == 'h') { for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { if (i % 2) { value >>= 4; } else { value = *src++; } *dest++ = hexdigit[value & 0xf]; } } else { for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { if (i % 2) { value <<= 4; } else { value = *src++; } *dest++ = hexdigit[(value >> 4) & 0xf]; } } resultPtr = Tcl_ObjSetVar2(interp, objv[arg], NULL, valuePtr, TCL_LEAVE_ERR_MSG); arg++; if (resultPtr == NULL) { DeleteScanNumberCache(numberCachePtr); return TCL_ERROR; } offset += (count + 1) / 2; break; } case 'c': size = 1; goto scanNumber; case 't': case 's': case 'S': size = 2; goto scanNumber; case 'n': case 'i': case 'I': size = 4; goto scanNumber; case 'm': case 'w': case 'W': size = 8; goto scanNumber; case 'r': case 'R': case 'f': size = sizeof(float); goto scanNumber; case 'q': case 'Q': case 'd': { unsigned char *src; size = sizeof(double); /* fall through */ scanNumber: if (arg >= objc) { DeleteScanNumberCache(numberCachePtr); goto badIndex; } if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) { if ((length - offset) < size) { goto done; } valuePtr = ScanNumber(buffer+offset, cmd, flags, &numberCachePtr); offset += size; } else { if (count == BINARY_ALL) { count = (length - offset) / size; } if ((length - offset) < (count * size)) { goto done; } valuePtr = Tcl_NewObj(); src = buffer + offset; for (i = 0; i < count; i++) { elementPtr = ScanNumber(src, cmd, flags, &numberCachePtr); src += size; Tcl_ListObjAppendElement(NULL, valuePtr, elementPtr); } offset += count * size; } resultPtr = Tcl_ObjSetVar2(interp, objv[arg], NULL, valuePtr, TCL_LEAVE_ERR_MSG); arg++; if (resultPtr == NULL) { DeleteScanNumberCache(numberCachePtr); return TCL_ERROR; } break; } case 'x': if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) { count = 1; } if ((count == BINARY_ALL) || (count > (length - offset))) { offset = length; } else { offset += count; } break; case 'X': if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) { count = 1; } if ((count == BINARY_ALL) || (count > offset)) { offset = 0; } else { offset -= count; } break; case '@': if (count == BINARY_NOCOUNT) { DeleteScanNumberCache(numberCachePtr); goto badCount; } if ((count == BINARY_ALL) || (count > length)) { offset = length; } else { offset = count; } break; default: DeleteScanNumberCache(numberCachePtr); errorString = str; goto badField; } } /* * Set the result to the last position of the cursor. */ done: Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, Tcl_NewLongObj(arg - 3)); DeleteScanNumberCache(numberCachePtr); return TCL_OK; badCount: errorString = "missing count for \"@\" field specifier"; goto error; badIndex: errorString = "not enough arguments for all format specifiers"; goto error; badField: { Tcl_UniChar ch; char buf[TCL_UTF_MAX + 1]; Tcl_UtfToUniChar(errorString, &ch); buf[Tcl_UniCharToUtf(ch, buf)] = '\0'; Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, Tcl_ObjPrintf( "bad field specifier \"%s\"", buf)); return TCL_ERROR; } error: Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, Tcl_NewStringObj(errorString, -1)); return TCL_ERROR; } /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * GetFormatSpec -- * * This function parses the format strings used in the binary format and * scan commands. * * Results: * Moves the formatPtr to the start of the next command. Returns the * current command character and count in cmdPtr and countPtr. The count * is set to BINARY_ALL if the count character was '*' or BINARY_NOCOUNT * if no count was specified. Returns 1 on success, or 0 if the string * did not have a format specifier. * * Side effects: * None. * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ static int GetFormatSpec( const char **formatPtr, /* Pointer to format string. */ char *cmdPtr, /* Pointer to location of command char. */ int *countPtr, /* Pointer to repeat count value. */ int *flagsPtr) /* Pointer to field flags */ { /* * Skip any leading blanks. */ while (**formatPtr == ' ') { (*formatPtr)++; } /* * The string was empty, except for whitespace, so fail. */ if (!(**formatPtr)) { return 0; } /* * Extract the command character and any trailing digits or '*'. */ *cmdPtr = **formatPtr; (*formatPtr)++; if (**formatPtr == 'u') { (*formatPtr)++; *flagsPtr |= BINARY_UNSIGNED; } if (**formatPtr == '*') { (*formatPtr)++; *countPtr = BINARY_ALL; } else if (isdigit(UCHAR(**formatPtr))) { /* INTL: digit */ *countPtr = strtoul(*formatPtr, (char **) formatPtr, 10); } else { *countPtr = BINARY_NOCOUNT; } return 1; } /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * NeedReversing -- * * This routine determines, if bytes of a number need to be re-ordered, * and returns a numeric code indicating the re-ordering to be done. * This depends on the endiannes of the machine and the desired format. * It is in effect a table (whose contents depend on the endianness of * the system) describing whether a value needs reversing or not. Anyone * porting the code to a big-endian platform should take care to make * sure that they define WORDS_BIGENDIAN though this is already done by * configure for the Unix build; little-endian platforms (including * Windows) don't need to do anything. * * Results: * 0 No re-ordering needed. * 1 Reverse the bytes: 01234567 <-> 76543210 (little to big) * 2 Apply this re-ordering: 01234567 <-> 45670123 (Nokia to little) * 3 Apply this re-ordering: 01234567 <-> 32107654 (Nokia to big) * * Side effects: * None * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ static int NeedReversing( int format) { switch (format) { /* native floats and doubles: never reverse */ case 'd': case 'f': /* big endian ints: never reverse */ case 'I': case 'S': case 'W': #ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN /* native ints: reverse if we're little-endian */ case 'n': case 't': case 'm': /* f: reverse if we're little-endian */ case 'Q': case 'R': #else /* !WORDS_BIGENDIAN */ /* small endian floats: reverse if we're big-endian */ case 'r': #endif /* WORDS_BIGENDIAN */ return 0; #ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN /* small endian floats: reverse if we're big-endian */ case 'q': case 'r': #else /* !WORDS_BIGENDIAN */ /* native ints: reverse if we're little-endian */ case 'n': case 't': case 'm': /* f: reverse if we're little-endian */ case 'R': #endif /* WORDS_BIGENDIAN */ /* small endian ints: always reverse */ case 'i': case 's': case 'w': return 1; #ifndef WORDS_BIGENDIAN /* * The Q and q formats need special handling to account for the unusual * byte ordering of 8-byte floats on Nokia 770 systems, which claim to be * little-endian, but also reverse word order. */ case 'Q': if (TclNokia770Doubles()) { return 3; } return 1; case 'q': if (TclNokia770Doubles()) { return 2; } return 0; #endif } Tcl_Panic("unexpected fallthrough"); return 0; } /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * CopyNumber -- * * This routine is called by FormatNumber and ScanNumber to copy a * floating-point number. If required, bytes are reversed while copying. * The behaviour is only fully defined when used with IEEE float and * double values (guaranteed to be 4 and 8 bytes long, respectively.) * * Results: * None * * Side effects: * Copies length bytes * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ static void CopyNumber( const void *from, /* source */ void *to, /* destination */ unsigned length, /* Number of bytes to copy */ int type) /* What type of thing are we copying? */ { switch (NeedReversing(type)) { case 0: memcpy(to, from, length); break; case 1: { const unsigned char *fromPtr = from; unsigned char *toPtr = to; switch (length) { case 4: toPtr[0] = fromPtr[3]; toPtr[1] = fromPtr[2]; toPtr[2] = fromPtr[1]; toPtr[3] = fromPtr[0]; break; case 8: toPtr[0] = fromPtr[7]; toPtr[1] = fromPtr[6]; toPtr[2] = fromPtr[5]; toPtr[3] = fromPtr[4]; toPtr[4] = fromPtr[3]; toPtr[5] = fromPtr[2]; toPtr[6] = fromPtr[1]; toPtr[7] = fromPtr[0]; break; } break; } case 2: { const unsigned char *fromPtr = from; unsigned char *toPtr = to; toPtr[0] = fromPtr[4]; toPtr[1] = fromPtr[5]; toPtr[2] = fromPtr[6]; toPtr[3] = fromPtr[7]; toPtr[4] = fromPtr[0]; toPtr[5] = fromPtr[1]; toPtr[6] = fromPtr[2]; toPtr[7] = fromPtr[3]; break; } case 3: { const unsigned char *fromPtr = from; unsigned char *toPtr = to; toPtr[0] = fromPtr[3]; toPtr[1] = fromPtr[2]; toPtr[2] = fromPtr[1]; toPtr[3] = fromPtr[0]; toPtr[4] = fromPtr[7]; toPtr[5] = fromPtr[6]; toPtr[6] = fromPtr[5]; toPtr[7] = fromPtr[4]; break; } } } /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * FormatNumber -- * * This routine is called by Tcl_BinaryObjCmd to format a number into a * location pointed at by cursor. * * Results: * A standard Tcl result. * * Side effects: * Moves the cursor to the next location to be written into. * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ static int FormatNumber( Tcl_Interp *interp, /* Current interpreter, used to report * errors. */ int type, /* Type of number to format. */ Tcl_Obj *src, /* Number to format. */ unsigned char **cursorPtr) /* Pointer to index into destination buffer. */ { long value; double dvalue; Tcl_WideInt wvalue; float fvalue; switch (type) { case 'd': case 'q': case 'Q': /* * Double-precision floating point values. Tcl_GetDoubleFromObj * returns TCL_ERROR for NaN, but we can check by comparing the * object's type pointer. */ if (Tcl_GetDoubleFromObj(interp, src, &dvalue) != TCL_OK) { if (src->typePtr != &tclDoubleType) { return TCL_ERROR; } dvalue = src->internalRep.doubleValue; } CopyNumber(&dvalue, *cursorPtr, sizeof(double), type); *cursorPtr += sizeof(double); return TCL_OK; case 'f': case 'r': case 'R': /* * Single-precision floating point values. Tcl_GetDoubleFromObj * returns TCL_ERROR for NaN, but we can check by comparing the * object's type pointer. */ if (Tcl_GetDoubleFromObj(interp, src, &dvalue) != TCL_OK) { if (src->typePtr != &tclDoubleType) { return TCL_ERROR; } dvalue = src->internalRep.doubleValue; } /* * Because some compilers will generate floating point exceptions on * an overflow cast (e.g. Borland), we restrict the values to the * valid range for float. */ if (fabs(dvalue) > (double)FLT_MAX) { fvalue = (dvalue >= 0.0) ? FLT_MAX : -FLT_MAX; } else { fvalue = (float) dvalue; } CopyNumber(&fvalue, *cursorPtr, sizeof(float), type); *cursorPtr += sizeof(float); return TCL_OK; /* * 64-bit integer values. */ case 'w': case 'W': case 'm': if (Tcl_GetWideIntFromObj(interp, src, &wvalue) != TCL_OK) { return TCL_ERROR; } if (NeedReversing(type)) { *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(wvalue); *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(wvalue >> 8); *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(wvalue >> 16); *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(wvalue >> 24); *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(wvalue >> 32); *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(wvalue >> 40); *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(wvalue >> 48); *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(wvalue >> 56); } else { *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(wvalue >> 56); *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(wvalue >> 48); *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(wvalue >> 40); *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(wvalue >> 32); *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(wvalue >> 24); *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(wvalue >> 16); *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(wvalue >> 8); *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(wvalue); } return TCL_OK; /* * 32-bit integer values. */ case 'i': case 'I': case 'n': if (TclGetLongFromObj(interp, src, &value) != TCL_OK) { return TCL_ERROR; } if (NeedReversing(type)) { *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(value); *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(value >> 8); *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(value >> 16); *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(value >> 24); } else { *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(value >> 24); *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(value >> 16); *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(value >> 8); *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(value); } return TCL_OK; /* * 16-bit integer values. */ case 's': case 'S': case 't': if (TclGetLongFromObj(interp, src, &value) != TCL_OK) { return TCL_ERROR; } if (NeedReversing(type)) { *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(value); *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(value >> 8); } else { *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(value >> 8); *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(value); } return TCL_OK; /* * 8-bit integer values. */ case 'c': if (TclGetLongFromObj(interp, src, &value) != TCL_OK) { return TCL_ERROR; } *(*cursorPtr)++ = UCHAR(value); return TCL_OK; default: Tcl_Panic("unexpected fallthrough"); return TCL_ERROR; } } /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * ScanNumber -- * * This routine is called by Tcl_BinaryObjCmd to scan a number out of a * buffer. * * Results: * Returns a newly created object containing the scanned number. This * object has a ref count of zero. * * Side effects: * Might reuse an object in the number cache, place a new object in the * cache, or delete the cache and set the reference to it (itself passed * in by reference) to NULL. * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ static Tcl_Obj * ScanNumber( unsigned char *buffer, /* Buffer to scan number from. */ int type, /* Format character from "binary scan" */ int flags, /* Format field flags */ Tcl_HashTable **numberCachePtrPtr) /* Place to look for cache of scanned * value objects, or NULL if too many * different numbers have been scanned. */ { long value; float fvalue; double dvalue; Tcl_WideUInt uwvalue; /* * We cannot rely on the compiler to properly sign extend integer values * when we cast from smaller values to larger values because we don't know * the exact size of the integer types. So, we have to handle sign * extension explicitly by checking the high bit and padding with 1's as * needed. This practice is disabled if the BINARY_UNSIGNED flag is set. */ switch (type) { case 'c': /* * Characters need special handling. We want to produce a signed * result, but on some platforms (such as AIX) chars are unsigned. To * deal with this, check for a value that should be negative but * isn't. */ value = buffer[0]; if (!(flags & BINARY_UNSIGNED)) { if (value & 0x80) { value |= -0x100; } } goto returnNumericObject; /* * 16-bit numeric values. We need the sign extension trick (see above) * here as well. */ case 's': case 'S': case 't': if (NeedReversing(type)) { value = (long) (buffer[0] + (buffer[1] << 8)); } else { value = (long) (buffer[1] + (buffer[0] << 8)); } if (!(flags & BINARY_UNSIGNED)) { if (value & 0x8000) { value |= -0x10000; } } goto returnNumericObject; /* * 32-bit numeric values. */ case 'i': case 'I': case 'n': if (NeedReversing(type)) { value = (long) (buffer[0] + (buffer[1] << 8) + (buffer[2] << 16) + (((long)buffer[3]) << 24)); } else { value = (long) (buffer[3] + (buffer[2] << 8) + (buffer[1] << 16) + (((long) buffer[0]) << 24)); } /* * Check to see if the value was sign extended properly on systems * where an int is more than 32-bits. * We avoid caching unsigned integers as we cannot distinguish between * 32bit signed and unsigned in the hash (short and char are ok). */ if (flags & BINARY_UNSIGNED) { return Tcl_NewWideIntObj((Tcl_WideInt)(unsigned long)value); } if ((value & (((unsigned) 1)<<31)) && (value > 0)) { value -= (((unsigned) 1)<<31); value -= (((unsigned) 1)<<31); } returnNumericObject: if (*numberCachePtrPtr == NULL) { return Tcl_NewLongObj(value); } else { register Tcl_HashTable *tablePtr = *numberCachePtrPtr; register Tcl_HashEntry *hPtr; int isNew; hPtr = Tcl_CreateHashEntry(tablePtr, INT2PTR(value), &isNew); if (!isNew) { return Tcl_GetHashValue(hPtr); } if (tablePtr->numEntries <= BINARY_SCAN_MAX_CACHE) { register Tcl_Obj *objPtr = Tcl_NewLongObj(value); Tcl_IncrRefCount(objPtr); Tcl_SetHashValue(hPtr, objPtr); return objPtr; } /* * We've overflowed the cache! Someone's parsing a LOT of varied * binary data in a single call! Bail out by switching back to the * old behaviour for the rest of the scan. * * Note that anyone just using the 'c' conversion (for bytes) * cannot trigger this. */ DeleteScanNumberCache(tablePtr); *numberCachePtrPtr = NULL; return Tcl_NewLongObj(value); } /* * Do not cache wide (64-bit) values; they are already too large to * use as keys. */ case 'w': case 'W': case 'm': if (NeedReversing(type)) { uwvalue = ((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[0]) | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[1]) << 8) | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[2]) << 16) | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[3]) << 24) | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[4]) << 32) | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[5]) << 40) | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[6]) << 48) | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[7]) << 56); } else { uwvalue = ((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[7]) | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[6]) << 8) | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[5]) << 16) | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[4]) << 24) | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[3]) << 32) | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[2]) << 40) | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[1]) << 48) | (((Tcl_WideUInt) buffer[0]) << 56); } if (flags & BINARY_UNSIGNED) { Tcl_Obj *bigObj = NULL; mp_int big; TclBNInitBignumFromWideUInt(&big, uwvalue); bigObj = Tcl_NewBignumObj(&big); return bigObj; } return Tcl_NewWideIntObj((Tcl_WideInt) uwvalue); /* * Do not cache double values; they are already too large to use as * keys and the values stored are utterly incompatible with the * integer part of the cache. */ /* * 32-bit IEEE single-precision floating point. */ case 'f': case 'R': case 'r': CopyNumber(buffer, &fvalue, sizeof(float), type); return Tcl_NewDoubleObj(fvalue); /* * 64-bit IEEE double-precision floating point. */ case 'd': case 'Q': case 'q': CopyNumber(buffer, &dvalue, sizeof(double), type); return Tcl_NewDoubleObj(dvalue); } return NULL; } /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * DeleteScanNumberCache -- * * Deletes the hash table acting as a scan number cache. * * Results: * None * * Side effects: * Decrements the reference counts of the objects in the cache. * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ static void DeleteScanNumberCache( Tcl_HashTable *numberCachePtr) /* Pointer to the hash table, or NULL (when * the cache has already been deleted due to * overflow.) */ { Tcl_HashEntry *hEntry; Tcl_HashSearch search; if (numberCachePtr == NULL) { return; } hEntry = Tcl_FirstHashEntry(numberCachePtr, &search); while (hEntry != NULL) { register Tcl_Obj *value = Tcl_GetHashValue(hEntry); if (value != NULL) { Tcl_DecrRefCount(value); } hEntry = Tcl_NextHashEntry(&search); } Tcl_DeleteHashTable(numberCachePtr); } /* * ---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * NOTES -- * * Some measurements show that it is faster to use a table to to perform * uuencode and base64 value encoding than to calculate the output (at * least on intel P4 arch). * * Conversely using a lookup table for the decoding is slower than just * calculating the values. We therefore use the fastest of each method. * * Presumably this has to do with the size of the tables. The base64 * decode table is 255 bytes while the encode table is only 65 bytes. The * choice likely depends on CPU memory cache sizes. */ /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * BinaryEncodeHex -- * * Implement the [binary encode hex] binary encoding. clientData must be * a table to convert values to hexadecimal digits. * * Results: * Interp result set to an encoded byte array object * * Side effects: * None * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ static int BinaryEncodeHex( ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp, int objc, Tcl_Obj *const objv[]) { Tcl_Obj *resultObj = NULL; unsigned char *data = NULL; unsigned char *cursor = NULL; const char *digits = clientData; int offset = 0, count = 0; if (objc != 2) { Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "data"); return TCL_ERROR; } TclNewObj(resultObj); data = Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj(objv[1], &count); cursor = Tcl_SetByteArrayLength(resultObj, count * 2); for (offset = 0; offset < count; ++offset) { *cursor++ = digits[((data[offset] >> 4) & 0x0f)]; *cursor++ = digits[(data[offset] & 0x0f)]; } Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, resultObj); return TCL_OK; } /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * BinaryDecodeHex -- * * Implement the [binary decode hex] binary encoding. * * Results: * Interp result set to an decoded byte array object * * Side effects: * None * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ static int BinaryDecodeHex( ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp, int objc, Tcl_Obj *const objv[]) { Tcl_Obj *resultObj = NULL; unsigned char *data, *datastart, *dataend; unsigned char *begin, *cursor, c; int i, index, value, size, count = 0, cut = 0, strict = 0; enum {OPT_STRICT }; static const char *const optStrings[] = { "-strict", NULL }; if (objc < 2 || objc > 3) { Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "?options? data"); return TCL_ERROR; } for (i = 1; i < objc-1; ++i) { if (Tcl_GetIndexFromObj(interp, objv[i], optStrings, "option", TCL_EXACT, &index) != TCL_OK) { return TCL_ERROR; } switch (index) { case OPT_STRICT: strict = 1; break; } } TclNewObj(resultObj); datastart = data = (unsigned char *) TclGetStringFromObj(objv[objc-1], &count); dataend = data + count; size = (count + 1) / 2; begin = cursor = Tcl_SetByteArrayLength(resultObj, size); while (data < dataend) { value = 0; for (i=0 ; i<2 ; i++) { if (data >= dataend) { value <<= 4; break; } c = *data++; if (!isxdigit((int) c)) { if (strict || !isspace(c)) { goto badChar; } i--; continue; } value <<= 4; c -= '0'; if (c > 9) { c += ('0' - 'A') + 10; } if (c > 16) { c += ('A' - 'a'); } value |= (c & 0xf); } if (i < 2) { cut++; } *cursor++ = UCHAR(value); value = 0; } if (cut > size) { cut = size; } Tcl_SetByteArrayLength(resultObj, cursor - begin - cut); Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, resultObj); return TCL_OK; badChar: TclDecrRefCount(resultObj); Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, Tcl_ObjPrintf( "invalid hexadecimal digit \"%c\" at position %d", c, (int) (data - datastart - 1))); return TCL_ERROR; } /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * BinaryEncode64 -- * * This implements a generic 6 bit binary encoding. Input is broken into * 6 bit chunks and a lookup table passed in via clientData is used to * turn these values into output characters. This is used to implement * base64 binary encodings. * * Results: * Interp result set to an encoded byte array object * * Side effects: * None * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ #define OUTPUT(c) \ do { \ *cursor++ = (c); \ outindex++; \ if (maxlen > 0 && cursor != limit) { \ if (outindex == maxlen) { \ memcpy(cursor, wrapchar, wrapcharlen); \ cursor += wrapcharlen; \ outindex = 0; \ } \ } \ if (cursor > limit) { \ Tcl_Panic("limit hit"); \ } \ } while (0) static int BinaryEncode64( ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp, int objc, Tcl_Obj *const objv[]) { Tcl_Obj *resultObj; unsigned char *data, *cursor, *limit; const char *digits = clientData; int maxlen = 0; const char *wrapchar = "\n"; int wrapcharlen = 1; int offset, i, index, size, outindex = 0, count = 0; enum {OPT_MAXLEN, OPT_WRAPCHAR }; static const char *const optStrings[] = { "-maxlen", "-wrapchar", NULL }; if (objc < 2 || objc%2 != 0) { Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "?-maxlen len? ?-wrapchar char? data"); return TCL_ERROR; } for (i = 1; i < objc-1; i += 2) { if (Tcl_GetIndexFromObj(interp, objv[i], optStrings, "option", TCL_EXACT, &index) != TCL_OK) { return TCL_ERROR; } switch (index) { case OPT_MAXLEN: if (Tcl_GetIntFromObj(interp, objv[i+1], &maxlen) != TCL_OK) { return TCL_ERROR; } if (maxlen < 0) { Tcl_SetResult(interp, "line length out of range", TCL_STATIC); Tcl_SetErrorCode(interp, "TCL", "BINARY", "ENCODE", "LINE_LENGTH", NULL); return TCL_ERROR; } break; case OPT_WRAPCHAR: wrapchar = Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[i+1], &wrapcharlen); if (wrapcharlen == 0) { maxlen = 0; } break; } } resultObj = Tcl_NewObj(); data = Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj(objv[objc-1], &count); if (count > 0) { size = (((count * 4) / 3) + 3) & ~3; /* ensure 4 byte chunks */ if (maxlen > 0 && size > maxlen) { int adjusted = size + (wrapcharlen * (size / maxlen)); if (size % maxlen == 0) { adjusted -= wrapcharlen; } size = adjusted; } cursor = Tcl_SetByteArrayLength(resultObj, size); limit = cursor + size; for (offset = 0; offset < count; offset+=3) { unsigned char d[3] = {0, 0, 0}; for (i = 0; i < 3 && offset+i < count; ++i) { d[i] = data[offset + i]; } OUTPUT(digits[d[0] >> 2]); OUTPUT(digits[((d[0] & 0x03) << 4) | (d[1] >> 4)]); if (offset+1 < count) { OUTPUT(digits[((d[1] & 0x0f) << 2) | (d[2] >> 6)]); } else { OUTPUT(digits[64]); } if (offset+2 < count) { OUTPUT(digits[d[2] & 0x3f]); } else { OUTPUT(digits[64]); } } } Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, resultObj); return TCL_OK; } #undef OUTPUT /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * BinaryEncodeUu -- * * This implements the uuencode binary encoding. Input is broken into 6 * bit chunks and a lookup table is used to turn these values into output * characters. This differs from the generic code above in that line * lengths are also encoded. * * Results: * Interp result set to an encoded byte array object * * Side effects: * None * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ static int BinaryEncodeUu( ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp, int objc, Tcl_Obj *const objv[]) { Tcl_Obj *resultObj; unsigned char *data, *start, *cursor; int offset, count, rawLength, n, i, bits, index; int lineLength = 61; enum {OPT_MAXLEN}; static const char *const optStrings[] = { "-maxlen", NULL }; if (objc < 2 || objc%2 != 0) { Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "?-maxlen len? data"); return TCL_ERROR; } for (i = 1; i < objc-1; i += 2) { if (Tcl_GetIndexFromObj(interp, objv[i], optStrings, "option", TCL_EXACT, &index) != TCL_OK) { return TCL_ERROR; } switch (index) { case OPT_MAXLEN: if (Tcl_GetIntFromObj(interp, objv[i+1], &lineLength) != TCL_OK) { return TCL_ERROR; } if (lineLength < 3 || lineLength > 85) { Tcl_SetResult(interp, "line length out of range", TCL_STATIC); Tcl_SetErrorCode(interp, "TCL", "BINARY", "ENCODE", "LINE_LENGTH", NULL); return TCL_ERROR; } break; } } /* * Allocate the buffer. This is a little bit too long, but is "good * enough". */ resultObj = Tcl_NewObj(); offset = 0; data = Tcl_GetByteArrayFromObj(objv[objc-1], &count); rawLength = (lineLength - 1) * 3 / 4; start = cursor = Tcl_SetByteArrayLength(resultObj, (lineLength + 1) * ((count + (rawLength - 1)) / rawLength)); n = bits = 0; /* * Encode the data. Each output line first has the length of raw data * encoded by the output line described in it by one encoded byte, then * the encoded data follows (encoding each 6 bits as one character). * Encoded lines are always terminated by a newline. */ while (offset < count) { int lineLen = count - offset; if (lineLen > rawLength) { lineLen = rawLength; } *cursor++ = UueDigits[lineLen]; for (i=0 ; i 6 ; bits -= 6) { *cursor++ = UueDigits[(n >> (bits-6)) & 0x3f]; } } if (bits > 0) { n <<= 8; *cursor++ = UueDigits[(n >> (bits + 2)) & 0x3f]; bits = 0; } *cursor++ = '\n'; } /* * Fix the length of the output bytearray. */ Tcl_SetByteArrayLength(resultObj, cursor-start); Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, resultObj); return TCL_OK; } /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * BinaryDecodeUu -- * * Decode a uuencoded string. * * Results: * Interp result set to an byte array object * * Side effects: * None * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ static int BinaryDecodeUu( ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp, int objc, Tcl_Obj *const objv[]) { Tcl_Obj *resultObj = NULL; unsigned char *data, *datastart, *dataend; unsigned char *begin, *cursor; int i, index, size, count = 0, strict = 0, lineLen; unsigned char c; enum {OPT_STRICT }; static const char *const optStrings[] = { "-strict", NULL }; if (objc < 2 || objc > 3) { Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "?options? data"); return TCL_ERROR; } for (i = 1; i < objc-1; ++i) { if (Tcl_GetIndexFromObj(interp, objv[i], optStrings, "option", TCL_EXACT, &index) != TCL_OK) { return TCL_ERROR; } switch (index) { case OPT_STRICT: strict = 1; break; } } TclNewObj(resultObj); datastart = data = (unsigned char *) TclGetStringFromObj(objv[objc-1], &count); dataend = data + count; size = ((count + 3) & ~3) * 3 / 4; begin = cursor = Tcl_SetByteArrayLength(resultObj, size); lineLen = -1; /* * The decoding loop. First, we get the length of line (strictly, the * number of data bytes we expect to generate from the line) we're * processing this time round if it is not already known (i.e., when the * lineLen variable is set to the magic value, -1). */ while (data < dataend) { char d[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0}; if (lineLen < 0) { c = *data++; if (c < 32 || c > 96) { if (strict || !isspace(c)) { goto badUu; } i--; continue; } lineLen = (c - 32) & 0x3f; } /* * Now we read a four-character grouping. */ for (i=0 ; i<4 ; i++) { if (data < dataend) { d[i] = c = *data++; if (c < 32 || c > 96) { if (strict) { if (!isspace(c)) { goto badUu; } else if (c == '\n') { goto shortUu; } } i--; continue; } } } /* * Translate that grouping into (up to) three binary bytes output. */ if (lineLen > 0) { *cursor++ = (((d[0] - 0x20) & 0x3f) << 2) | (((d[1] - 0x20) & 0x3f) >> 4); if (--lineLen > 0) { *cursor++ = (((d[1] - 0x20) & 0x3f) << 4) | (((d[2] - 0x20) & 0x3f) >> 2); if (--lineLen > 0) { *cursor++ = (((d[2] - 0x20) & 0x3f) << 6) | (((d[3] - 0x20) & 0x3f)); lineLen--; } } } /* * If we've reached the end of the line, skip until we process a * newline. */ if (lineLen == 0 && data < dataend) { lineLen = -1; do { c = *data++; if (c == '\n') { break; } else if (c >= 32 && c <= 96) { data--; break; } else if (strict || !isspace(c)) { goto badUu; } } while (data < dataend); } } /* * Sanity check, clean up and finish. */ if (lineLen > 0 && strict) { goto shortUu; } Tcl_SetByteArrayLength(resultObj, cursor - begin); Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, resultObj); return TCL_OK; shortUu: Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, Tcl_ObjPrintf("short uuencode data")); Tcl_SetErrorCode(interp, "TCL", "BINARY", "DECODE", "SHORT", NULL); TclDecrRefCount(resultObj); return TCL_ERROR; badUu: Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, Tcl_ObjPrintf( "invalid uuencode character \"%c\" at position %d", c, (int) (data - datastart - 1))); Tcl_SetErrorCode(interp, "TCL", "BINARY", "DECODE", "INVALID", NULL); TclDecrRefCount(resultObj); return TCL_ERROR; } /* *---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * BinaryDecode64 -- * * Decode a base64 encoded string. * * Results: * Interp result set to an byte array object * * Side effects: * None * *---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ static int BinaryDecode64( ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp, int objc, Tcl_Obj *const objv[]) { Tcl_Obj *resultObj = NULL; unsigned char *data, *datastart, *dataend, c = '\0'; unsigned char *begin = NULL; unsigned char *cursor = NULL; int strict = 0; int i, index, size, cut = 0, count = 0; enum { OPT_STRICT }; static const char *const optStrings[] = { "-strict", NULL }; if (objc < 2 || objc > 3) { Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "?options? data"); return TCL_ERROR; } for (i = 1; i < objc-1; ++i) { if (Tcl_GetIndexFromObj(interp, objv[i], optStrings, "option", TCL_EXACT, &index) != TCL_OK) { return TCL_ERROR; } switch (index) { case OPT_STRICT: strict = 1; break; } } TclNewObj(resultObj); datastart = data = (unsigned char *) TclGetStringFromObj(objv[objc-1], &count); dataend = data + count; size = ((count + 3) & ~3) * 3 / 4; begin = cursor = Tcl_SetByteArrayLength(resultObj, size); while (data < dataend) { unsigned long value = 0; /* * Decode the current block. Each base64 block consists of four input * characters A-Z, a-z, 0-9, +, or /. Each character supplies six bits * of output data, so each block's output is 24 bits (three bytes) in * length. The final block can be shorter by one or two bytes, denoted * by the input ending with one or two ='s, respectively. */ for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) { /* * Get the next input character. At end of input, pad with at most * two ='s. If more than two ='s would be needed, instead discard * the block read thus far. */ if (data < dataend) { c = *data++; } else if (i > 1) { c = '='; } else { cut += 3; break; } /* * Load the character into the block value. Handle ='s specially * because they're only valid as the last character or two of the * final block of input. Unless strict mode is enabled, skip any * input whitespace characters. */ if (cut) { if (c == '=' && i > 1) { value <<= 6; cut++; } else if (!strict && isspace(c)) { i--; } else { goto bad64; } } else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') { value = (value << 6) | ((c - 'A') & 0x3f); } else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') { value = (value << 6) | ((c - 'a' + 26) & 0x3f); } else if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') { value = (value << 6) | ((c - '0' + 52) & 0x3f); } else if (c == '+') { value = (value << 6) | 0x3e; } else if (c == '/') { value = (value << 6) | 0x3f; } else if (c == '=') { value <<= 6; cut++; } else if (strict || !isspace(c)) { goto bad64; } else { i--; } } *cursor++ = UCHAR((value >> 16) & 0xff); *cursor++ = UCHAR((value >> 8) & 0xff); *cursor++ = UCHAR(value & 0xff); /* * Since = is only valid within the final block, if it was encountered * but there are still more input characters, confirm that strict mode * is off and all subsequent characters are whitespace. */ if (cut && data < dataend) { if (strict) { goto bad64; } for (; data < dataend; data++) { if (!isspace(*data)) { goto bad64; } } } } Tcl_SetByteArrayLength(resultObj, cursor - begin - cut); Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, resultObj); return TCL_OK; bad64: Tcl_SetObjResult(interp, Tcl_ObjPrintf( "invalid base64 character \"%c\" at position %d", (char) c, (int) (data - datastart - 1))); TclDecrRefCount(resultObj); return TCL_ERROR; } /* * Local Variables: * mode: c * c-basic-offset: 4 * fill-column: 78 * End: */