# Commands covered:  exec
#
# This file contains a collection of tests for one or more of the Tcl built-in
# commands. Sourcing this file into Tcl runs the tests and generates output
# for errors. No output means no errors were found.
#
# Copyright (c) 1991-1994 The Regents of the University of California.
# Copyright (c) 1994-1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
# Copyright (c) 1998-1999 by Scriptics Corporation.
#
# See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution of
# this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.

# There is no point in running Valgrind on cases where [exec] forks but then
# fails and the child process doesn't go through full cleanup.

if {"::tcltest" ni [namespace children]} {
    package require tcltest 2.5
    namespace import -force ::tcltest::*
}
source [file join [file dirname [info script]] tcltests.tcl]

# Some skips when running in a macOS CI environment
testConstraint noosxCI [expr {![info exists ::env(MAC_CI)]}]

unset -nocomplain path

# Utilities that are like bourne shell stalwarts, but cross-platform.
set path(echo) [makeFile {
    puts -nonewline [lindex $argv 0]
    foreach str [lrange $argv 1 end] {
	puts -nonewline " $str"
    }
    puts {}
    exit
} echo]
set path(echo2) [makeFile {
    puts stdout [join $argv]
    puts stderr [lindex $argv 1]
    exit
} echo2]
set path(cat) [makeFile {
    if {$argv eq ""} {
	set argv -
    }
    fconfigure stdout -translation binary
    foreach name $argv {
	if {$name eq "-"} {
	    set f stdin
	} elseif {[catch {open $name r} f] != 0} {
	    puts stderr $f
	    continue
	}
	fconfigure $f -translation binary
	while {[eof $f] == 0} {
	    puts -nonewline [read $f]
	}
	if {$f ne "stdin"} {
	    close $f
	}
    }
    exit
} cat]
set path(wc) [makeFile {
    set data [read stdin]
    set lines [regsub -all "\n" $data {} dummy]
    set words [regsub -all "\[^ \t\n]+" $data {} dummy]
    set chars [string length $data]
    puts [format "%8.d%8.d%8.d" $lines $words $chars]
    exit
} wc]
set path(sh) [makeFile {
    if {[lindex $argv 0] ne "-c"} {
	error "sh: unexpected arguments $argv"
    }
    set cmd [lindex $argv 1]
    lappend cmd ";"
    set newcmd {}
    foreach arg $cmd {
	if {$arg eq ";"} {
	    exec >@stdout 2>@stderr [info nameofexecutable] {*}$newcmd
	    set newcmd {}
	    continue
	}
	if {$arg eq "1>&2"} {
	    set arg >@stderr
	}
	lappend newcmd $arg
    }
    exit
} sh]
set path(sh2) [makeFile {
    if {[lindex $argv 0] ne "-c"} {
	error "sh: unexpected arguments $argv"
    }
    set cmd [lindex $argv 1]
    lappend cmd ";"
    set newcmd {}
    foreach arg $cmd {
	if {$arg eq ";"} {
	    exec -ignorestderr >@stdout [info nameofexecutable] {*}$newcmd
	    set newcmd {}
	    continue
	}
	lappend newcmd $arg
    }
    exit
} sh2]
set path(sleep) [makeFile {
    after [expr {$argv*1000}]
    exit
} sleep]
set path(exit) [makeFile {
    exit $argv
} exit]

proc readfile filename {
    set f [open $filename]
    set d [read $f]
    close $f
    return [string trimright $d \n]
}

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Basic operations.

test exec-1.1 {basic exec operation} {exec} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(echo) a b c
} "a b c"
test exec-1.2 {pipelining} {exec stdio} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(echo) a b c d | [interpreter] $path(cat) | [interpreter] $path(cat)
} "a b c d"
test exec-1.3 {pipelining} {exec stdio} {
    set a [exec [interpreter] $path(echo) a b c d | [interpreter] $path(cat) | [interpreter] $path(wc)]
    list [scan $a "%d %d %d" b c d] $b $c
} {3 1 4}
set arg {12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890}
set arg "$arg$arg$arg$arg$arg$arg"
test exec-1.4 {long command lines} {exec} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(echo) $arg
} $arg
set arg {}

# I/O redirection: input from Tcl command.

test exec-2.1 {redirecting input from immediate source} {exec stdio} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(cat) << "Sample text"
} {Sample text}
test exec-2.2 {redirecting input from immediate source} {exec stdio} {
    exec << "Sample text" [interpreter] $path(cat) | [interpreter] $path(cat)
} {Sample text}
test exec-2.3 {redirecting input from immediate source} {exec stdio} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(cat) << "Sample text" | [interpreter] $path(cat)
} {Sample text}
test exec-2.4 {redirecting input from immediate source} {exec stdio} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(cat) | [interpreter] $path(cat) << "Sample text"
} {Sample text}
test exec-2.5 {redirecting input from immediate source} {exec} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(cat) "<<Joined to arrows"
} {Joined to arrows}
test exec-2.6 {redirecting input from immediate source, with UTF} -setup {
    set sysenc [encoding system]
    encoding system iso8859-1
    proc quotenonascii s {
	regsub -all {\[|\\|\]} $s {\\&} s
	regsub -all "\[\u007f-\uffff\]" $s \
	    {[apply {c {format {\u%04x} [scan $c %c]}} &]} s
	return [subst -novariables $s]
    }
} -constraints {exec} -body {
    # If this fails, it may give back: "\uC3\uA9\uC3\uA0\uC3\uBC\uC3\uB1"
    # If it does, this means that the UTF -> external conversion did not occur
    # before writing out the temp file.
    quotenonascii [exec [interpreter] $path(cat) << "\uE9\uE0\uFC\uF1"]
} -cleanup {
    encoding system $sysenc
    rename quotenonascii {}
} -result {\u00e9\u00e0\u00fc\u00f1}

# I/O redirection: output to file.

set path(gorp.file) [makeFile {} gorp.file]
file delete $path(gorp.file)

test exec-3.1 {redirecting output to file} {exec} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(echo) "Some simple words" > $path(gorp.file)
    exec [interpreter] $path(cat) $path(gorp.file)
} "Some simple words"
test exec-3.2 {redirecting output to file} {exec stdio} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(echo) "More simple words" | >$path(gorp.file) [interpreter] $path(cat) | [interpreter] $path(cat)
    exec [interpreter] $path(cat) $path(gorp.file)
} "More simple words"
test exec-3.3 {redirecting output to file} {exec stdio} {
    exec > $path(gorp.file) [interpreter] $path(echo) "Different simple words" | [interpreter] $path(cat) | [interpreter] $path(cat)
    exec [interpreter] $path(cat) $path(gorp.file)
} "Different simple words"
test exec-3.4 {redirecting output to file} {exec} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(echo) "Some simple words" >$path(gorp.file)
    exec [interpreter] $path(cat) $path(gorp.file)
} "Some simple words"
test exec-3.5 {redirecting output to file} {exec} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(echo) "First line" >$path(gorp.file)
    exec [interpreter] $path(echo) "Second line" >> $path(gorp.file)
    exec [interpreter] $path(cat) $path(gorp.file)
} "First line\nSecond line"
test exec-3.6 {redirecting output to file} {exec} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(echo) "First line" >$path(gorp.file)
    exec [interpreter] $path(echo) "Second line" >>$path(gorp.file)
    exec [interpreter] $path(cat) $path(gorp.file)
} "First line\nSecond line"
test exec-3.7 {redirecting output to file} {exec} {
    set f [open $path(gorp.file) w]
    puts $f "Line 1"
    flush $f
    exec [interpreter] $path(echo) "More text" >@ $f
    exec [interpreter] $path(echo) >@$f "Even more"
    puts $f "Line 3"
    close $f
    exec [interpreter] $path(cat) $path(gorp.file)
} "Line 1\nMore text\nEven more\nLine 3"

# I/O redirection: output and stderr to file.

file delete $path(gorp.file)

test exec-4.1 {redirecting output and stderr to file} {exec} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(echo) "test output" >& $path(gorp.file)
    exec [interpreter] $path(cat) $path(gorp.file)
} "test output"
test exec-4.2 {redirecting output and stderr to file} {exec} {
    list [exec [interpreter] $path(sh) -c "\"$path(echo)\" foo bar 1>&2" >&$path(gorp.file)] \
	    [exec [interpreter] $path(cat) $path(gorp.file)]
} {{} {foo bar}}
test exec-4.3 {redirecting output and stderr to file} {exec} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(echo) "first line" > $path(gorp.file)
    list [exec [interpreter] $path(sh) -c "\"$path(echo)\" foo bar 1>&2" >>&$path(gorp.file)] \
	    [exec [interpreter] $path(cat) $path(gorp.file)]
} "{} {first line\nfoo bar}"
test exec-4.4 {redirecting output and stderr to file} {exec} {
    set f [open $path(gorp.file) w]
    puts $f "Line 1"
    flush $f
    exec [interpreter] $path(echo) "More text" >&@ $f
    exec [interpreter] $path(echo) >&@$f "Even more"
    puts $f "Line 3"
    close $f
    exec [interpreter] $path(cat) $path(gorp.file)
} "Line 1\nMore text\nEven more\nLine 3"
test exec-4.5 {redirecting output and stderr to file} {exec} {
    set f [open $path(gorp.file) w]
    puts $f "Line 1"
    flush $f
    exec >&@ $f [interpreter] $path(sh) -c "\"$path(echo)\" foo bar 1>&2"
    exec >&@$f [interpreter] $path(sh) -c "\"$path(echo)\" xyzzy 1>&2"
    puts $f "Line 3"
    close $f
    exec [interpreter] $path(cat) $path(gorp.file)
} "Line 1\nfoo bar\nxyzzy\nLine 3"

# I/O redirection: input from file.

if {[testConstraint exec]} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(echo) "Just a few thoughts" > $path(gorp.file)
}
test exec-5.1 {redirecting input from file} {exec} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(cat) < $path(gorp.file)
} {Just a few thoughts}
test exec-5.2 {redirecting input from file} {exec stdio} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(cat) | [interpreter] $path(cat) < $path(gorp.file)
} {Just a few thoughts}
test exec-5.3 {redirecting input from file} {exec stdio} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(cat) < $path(gorp.file) | [interpreter] $path(cat)
} {Just a few thoughts}
test exec-5.4 {redirecting input from file} {exec stdio} {
    exec < $path(gorp.file) [interpreter] $path(cat) | [interpreter] $path(cat)
} {Just a few thoughts}
test exec-5.5 {redirecting input from file} {exec} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(cat) <$path(gorp.file)
} {Just a few thoughts}
test exec-5.6 {redirecting input from file} -constraints {exec} -body {
    set f [open $path(gorp.file) r]
    exec [interpreter] $path(cat) <@ $f
} -cleanup {
    close $f
} -result {Just a few thoughts}
test exec-5.7 {redirecting input from file} -constraints {exec} -body {
    set f [open $path(gorp.file) r]
    exec <@$f [interpreter] $path(cat)
} -cleanup {
    close $f
} -result {Just a few thoughts}

# I/O redirection: standard error through a pipeline.

test exec-6.1 {redirecting stderr through a pipeline} {exec stdio} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(sh) -c "\"$path(echo)\" foo bar" |& [interpreter] $path(cat)
} "foo bar"
test exec-6.2 {redirecting stderr through a pipeline} {exec stdio} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(sh) -c "\"$path(echo)\" foo bar 1>&2" |& [interpreter] $path(cat)
} "foo bar"
test exec-6.3 {redirecting stderr through a pipeline} {exec stdio} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(sh) -c "\"$path(echo)\" foo bar 1>&2" \
	|& [interpreter] $path(sh) -c "\"$path(echo)\" second msg 1>&2 ; \"$path(cat)\"" |& [interpreter] $path(cat)
} "second msg\nfoo bar"

# I/O redirection: combinations.

set path(gorp.file2) [makeFile {} gorp.file2]

test exec-7.1 {multiple I/O redirections} {exec} {
    exec << "command input" > $path(gorp.file2) [interpreter] $path(cat) < $path(gorp.file)
    exec [interpreter] $path(cat) $path(gorp.file2)
} {Just a few thoughts}
test exec-7.2 {multiple I/O redirections} {exec} {
    exec < $path(gorp.file) << "command input" [interpreter] $path(cat)
} {command input}

# Long input to command and output from command.
set a "0123456789 xxxxxxxxx abcdefghi ABCDEFGHIJK\n"
set a [concat $a $a $a $a]
set a [concat $a $a $a $a]
set a [concat $a $a $a $a]
set a [concat $a $a $a $a]
test exec-8.1 {long input and output} {exec} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(cat) << $a
} $a
# More than 20 arguments to exec.
test exec-8.2 {long input and output} {exec} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(echo) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
} {1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23}

# Commands that return errors.

test exec-9.1 {commands returning errors} {exec notValgrind} {
    set x [catch {exec gorp456} msg]
    list $x [string tolower $msg] [string tolower $errorCode]
} {1 {couldn't execute "gorp456": no such file or directory} {posix enoent {no such file or directory}}}
test exec-9.2 {commands returning errors} {exec notValgrind} {
    string tolower [list [catch {exec [interpreter] echo foo | foo123} msg] $msg $errorCode]
} {1 {couldn't execute "foo123": no such file or directory} {posix enoent {no such file or directory}}}
test exec-9.3 {commands returning errors} -constraints {exec stdio} -body {
    exec [interpreter] $path(sleep) 1 | [interpreter] $path(exit) 43 | [interpreter] $path(sleep) 1
} -returnCodes error -result {child process exited abnormally}
test exec-9.4 {commands returning errors} -constraints {exec stdio} -body {
    exec [interpreter] $path(exit) 43 | [interpreter] $path(echo) "foo bar"
} -returnCodes error -result {foo bar
child process exited abnormally}
test exec-9.5 {commands returning errors} -constraints {exec stdio notValgrind} -body {
    exec gorp456 | [interpreter] echo a b c
} -returnCodes error -result {couldn't execute "gorp456": no such file or directory}
test exec-9.6 {commands returning errors} -constraints {exec} -body {
    exec [interpreter] $path(sh) -c "\"$path(echo)\" error msg 1>&2"
} -returnCodes error -result {error msg}
test exec-9.7 {commands returning errors} -constraints {exec stdio nonPortable} -body {
    # This test can fail easily on multiprocessor machines
    exec [interpreter] $path(sh) -c "\"$path(echo)\" error msg 1>&2 ; \"$path(sleep)\" 1" \
	| [interpreter] $path(sh) -c "\"$path(echo)\" error msg 1>&2 ; \"$path(sleep)\" 1"
} -returnCodes error -result {error msg
error msg}
set path(err) [makeFile {} err]
test exec-9.8 {commands returning errors} -constraints {exec} -setup {
    set f [open $path(err) w]
    puts $f {
	puts stdout out
	puts stderr err
    }
    close $f
} -body {
    exec [interpreter] $path(err)
} -returnCodes error -result {out
err}

# Errors in executing the Tcl command, as opposed to errors in the processes
# that are invoked.

test exec-10.1 {errors in exec invocation} -constraints {exec} -body {
    exec
} -returnCodes error -result {wrong # args: should be "exec ?-option ...? arg ?arg ...?"}
test exec-10.2 {errors in exec invocation} -constraints {exec} -body {
    exec | cat
} -returnCodes error -result {illegal use of | or |& in command}
test exec-10.3 {errors in exec invocation} -constraints {exec} -body {
    exec cat |
} -returnCodes error -result {illegal use of | or |& in command}
test exec-10.4 {errors in exec invocation} -constraints {exec} -body {
    exec cat | | cat
} -returnCodes error -result {illegal use of | or |& in command}
test exec-10.5 {errors in exec invocation} -constraints {exec} -body {
    exec cat | |& cat
} -returnCodes error -result {illegal use of | or |& in command}
test exec-10.6 {errors in exec invocation} -constraints {exec} -body {
    exec cat |&
} -returnCodes error -result {illegal use of | or |& in command}
test exec-10.7 {errors in exec invocation} -constraints {exec} -body {
    exec cat <
} -returnCodes error -result {can't specify "<" as last word in command}
test exec-10.8 {errors in exec invocation} -constraints {exec} -body {
    exec cat >
} -returnCodes error -result {can't specify ">" as last word in command}
test exec-10.9 {errors in exec invocation} -constraints {exec} -body {
    exec cat <<
} -returnCodes error -result {can't specify "<<" as last word in command}
test exec-10.10 {errors in exec invocation} -constraints {exec} -body {
    exec cat >>
} -returnCodes error -result {can't specify ">>" as last word in command}
test exec-10.11 {errors in exec invocation} -constraints {exec} -body {
    exec cat >&
} -returnCodes error -result {can't specify ">&" as last word in command}
test exec-10.12 {errors in exec invocation} -constraints {exec} -body {
    exec cat >>&
} -returnCodes error -result {can't specify ">>&" as last word in command}
test exec-10.13 {errors in exec invocation} -constraints {exec} -body {
    exec cat >@
} -returnCodes error -result {can't specify ">@" as last word in command}
test exec-10.14 {errors in exec invocation} -constraints {exec} -body {
    exec cat <@
} -returnCodes error -result {can't specify "<@" as last word in command}
test exec-10.15 {errors in exec invocation} -constraints {exec} -body {
    exec cat < a/b/c
} -returnCodes error -result {couldn't read file "a/b/c": no such file or directory}
test exec-10.16 {errors in exec invocation} -constraints {exec} -body {
    exec cat << foo > a/b/c
} -returnCodes error -result {couldn't write file "a/b/c": no such file or directory}
test exec-10.17 {errors in exec invocation} -constraints {exec} -body {
    exec cat << foo > a/b/c
} -returnCodes error -result {couldn't write file "a/b/c": no such file or directory}
set f [open $path(gorp.file) w]
test exec-10.18 {errors in exec invocation} -constraints {exec} -body {
    exec cat <@ $f
} -returnCodes error -result "channel \"$f\" wasn't opened for reading"
close $f
set f [open $path(gorp.file) r]
test exec-10.19 {errors in exec invocation} -constraints {exec} -body {
    exec cat >@ $f
} -returnCodes error -result "channel \"$f\" wasn't opened for writing"
close $f
test exec-10.20 {errors in exec invocation} -constraints {exec notValgrind} -body {
    exec ~non_existent_user/foo/bar
} -returnCodes error -result {user "non_existent_user" doesn't exist}
test exec-10.21 {errors in exec invocation} -constraints {exec notValgrind} -body {
    exec [interpreter] true | ~xyzzy_bad_user/x | false
} -returnCodes error -result {user "xyzzy_bad_user" doesn't exist}
test exec-10.22 {errors in exec invocation} -constraints {exec notValgrind} -body {
    exec echo test > ~non_existent_user/foo/bar
} -returnCodes error -result {user "non_existent_user" doesn't exist}
# Commands in background.

test exec-11.1 {commands in background} {exec} {
    set time [time {exec [interpreter] $path(sleep) 2 &}]
    expr {[lindex $time 0] < 1000000}
} 1
test exec-11.2 {commands in background} -constraints {exec} -body {
    exec [interpreter] $path(echo) a &b
} -result {a &b}
test exec-11.3 {commands in background} {exec} {
    llength [exec [interpreter] $path(sleep) 1 &]
} 1
test exec-11.4 {commands in background} {exec stdio} {
    llength [exec [interpreter] $path(sleep) 1 | [interpreter] $path(sleep) 1 | [interpreter] $path(sleep) 1 &]
} 3
test exec-11.5 {commands in background} {exec} {
    set f [open $path(gorp.file) w]
    puts $f [list catch [list exec [info nameofexecutable] $path(echo) foo &]]
    close $f
    exec [interpreter] $path(gorp.file)
} foo

# Make sure that background commands are properly reaped when they
# eventually die.

if {[testConstraint exec] && [testConstraint nonPortable]} {
    after 1300
    exec [interpreter] $path(sleep) 1
}
test exec-12.1 {reaping background processes} {exec unix nonPortable} {
    for {set i 0} {$i < 20} {incr i} {
	exec echo foo > /dev/null &
    }
    after 1000
    catch {exec ps | fgrep "echo foo" | fgrep -v fgrep | wc} msg
    lindex $msg 0
} 0
test exec-12.2 {reaping background processes} {exec unix nonPortable} {
    exec sleep 2 | sleep 2 | sleep 2 &
    catch {exec ps | fgrep -i "sleep" | fgrep -i -v fgrep | wc} msg
    set x [lindex $msg 0]
    after 3000
    catch {exec ps | fgrep -i "sleep" | fgrep -i -v fgrep | wc} msg
    list $x [lindex $msg 0]
} {3 0}
test exec-12.3 {reaping background processes} {exec unix nonPortable} {
    exec sleep 1000 &
    exec sleep 1000 &
    set x [exec ps | fgrep "sleep" | fgrep -v fgrep]
    set pids {}
    foreach i [split $x \n] {
	lappend pids [lindex $i 0]
    }
    foreach i $pids {
	catch {exec kill -STOP $i}
    }
    catch {exec ps | fgrep "sleep" | fgrep -v fgrep | wc} msg
    set x [lindex $msg 0]
    foreach i $pids {
	catch {exec kill -KILL $i}
    }
    catch {exec ps | fgrep "sleep" | fgrep -v fgrep | wc} msg
    list $x [lindex $msg 0]
} {2 0}

# Make sure "errorCode" is set correctly.

test exec-13.1 {setting errorCode variable} {exec} {
    list [catch {exec [interpreter] $path(cat) < a/b/c} msg] [string tolower $errorCode]
} {1 {posix enoent {no such file or directory}}}
test exec-13.2 {setting errorCode variable} {exec} {
    list [catch {exec [interpreter] $path(cat) > a/b/c} msg] [string tolower $errorCode]
} {1 {posix enoent {no such file or directory}}}
test exec-13.3 {setting errorCode variable} {exec notValgrind} {
    set x [catch {exec _weird_cmd_} msg]
    list $x [string tolower $msg] [lindex $errorCode 0] \
	    [string tolower [lrange $errorCode 2 end]]
} {1 {couldn't execute "_weird_cmd_": no such file or directory} POSIX {{no such file or directory}}}
test exec-13.4 {extended exit result codes} -setup {
    set tmp [makeFile {exit 0x00000101} tmpfile.exec-13.4]
} -constraints {win} -body {
    list [catch {exec [interpreter] $tmp} err] [lreplace $::errorCode 1 1 {}]
} -cleanup {
    removeFile $tmp
} -result {1 {CHILDSTATUS {} 257}}
test exec-13.5 {extended exit result codes: max value} -setup {
    set tmp [makeFile {exit 0x3fffffff} tmpfile.exec-13.5]
} -constraints {win} -body {
    list [catch {exec [interpreter] $tmp} err] [lreplace $::errorCode 1 1 {}]
} -cleanup {
    removeFile $tmp
} -result {1 {CHILDSTATUS {} 1073741823}}
test exec-13.6 {extended exit result codes: signalled} -setup {
    set tmp [makeFile {exit 0xC0000016} tmpfile.exec-13.6]
} -constraints {win} -body {
    list [catch {exec [interpreter] $tmp} err] [lreplace $::errorCode 1 1 {}]
} -cleanup {
    removeFile $tmp
} -result {1 {CHILDKILLED {} SIGABRT SIGABRT}}

# Switches before the first argument

test exec-14.1 {-keepnewline switch} {exec} {
    exec -keepnewline [interpreter] $path(echo) foo
} "foo\n"
test exec-14.2 {-keepnewline switch} -constraints {exec} -body {
    exec -keepnewline
} -returnCodes error -result {wrong # args: should be "exec ?-option ...? arg ?arg ...?"}
test exec-14.3 {unknown switch} -constraints {exec} -body {
    exec -gorp
} -returnCodes error -result {bad option "-gorp": must be -ignorestderr, -keepnewline, or --}
test exec-14.4 {-- switch} -constraints {exec notValgrind} -body {
    exec -- -gorp
} -returnCodes error -result {couldn't execute "-gorp": no such file or directory}
test exec-14.5 {-ignorestderr switch} {exec} {
    # Alas, the use of -ignorestderr is buried here :-(
    exec [interpreter] $path(sh2) -c [list $path(echo2) foo bar] 2>@1
} "foo bar\nbar"

# Redirecting standard error separately from standard output

test exec-15.1 {standard error redirection} {exec} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(echo) "First line" > $path(gorp.file)
    list [exec [interpreter] $path(sh) -c "\"$path(echo)\" foo bar 1>&2" 2> $path(gorp.file)] \
	    [exec [interpreter] $path(cat) $path(gorp.file)]
} {{} {foo bar}}
test exec-15.2 {standard error redirection} {exec stdio} {
    list [exec [interpreter] $path(sh) -c "\"$path(echo)\" foo bar 1>&2" \
	      | [interpreter] $path(echo) biz baz >$path(gorp.file) 2> $path(gorp.file2)] \
	[exec [interpreter] $path(cat) $path(gorp.file)] \
	[exec [interpreter] $path(cat) $path(gorp.file2)]
} {{} {biz baz} {foo bar}}
test exec-15.3 {standard error redirection} {exec stdio} {
    list [exec [interpreter] $path(sh) -c "\"$path(echo)\" foo bar 1>&2" \
	      | [interpreter] $path(echo) biz baz 2>$path(gorp.file) > $path(gorp.file2)] \
	[exec [interpreter] $path(cat) $path(gorp.file)] \
	[exec [interpreter] $path(cat) $path(gorp.file2)]
} {{} {foo bar} {biz baz}}
test exec-15.4 {standard error redirection} {exec} {
    set f [open $path(gorp.file) w]
    puts $f "Line 1"
    flush $f
    exec [interpreter] $path(sh) -c "\"$path(echo)\" foo bar 1>&2" 2>@ $f
    puts $f "Line 3"
    close $f
    readfile $path(gorp.file)
} {Line 1
foo bar
Line 3}
test exec-15.5 {standard error redirection} {exec} {
    exec [interpreter] $path(echo) "First line" > "$path(gorp.file)"
    exec [interpreter] "$path(sh)" -c "\"$path(echo)\" foo bar 1>&2" 2>> "$path(gorp.file)"
    readfile $path(gorp.file)
} {First line
foo bar}
test exec-15.6 {standard error redirection} {exec stdio} {
    exec [interpreter] "$path(sh)" -c "\"$path(echo)\" foo bar 1>&2" > "$path(gorp.file2)" 2> "$path(gorp.file)" \
	    >& "$path(gorp.file)" 2> "$path(gorp.file2)" | [interpreter] $path(echo) biz baz
    list [readfile $path(gorp.file)] [readfile $path(gorp.file2)]
} {{biz baz} {foo bar}}
test exec-15.7 {standard error redirection 2>@1} {exec stdio} {
    # This redirects stderr output into normal result output from exec
    exec [interpreter] "$path(sh)" -c "\"$path(echo)\" foo bar 1>&2" 2>@1
} {foo bar}

test exec-16.1 {flush output before exec} {exec} {
    set f [open $path(gorp.file) w]
    puts $f "First line"
    exec [interpreter] $path(echo) "Second line" >@ $f
    puts $f "Third line"
    close $f
    readfile $path(gorp.file)
} {First line
Second line
Third line}
test exec-16.2 {flush output before exec} {exec} {
    set f [open $path(gorp.file) w]
    puts $f "First line"
    exec [interpreter] << {puts stderr {Second line}} >&@ $f > $path(gorp.file2)
    puts $f "Third line"
    close $f
    readfile $path(gorp.file)
} {First line
Second line
Third line}

test exec-17.1 {inheriting standard I/O} -constraints {exec} -setup {
    set path(script) [makeFile {} script]
    set f [open $path(script) w]
    puts $f [list lassign [list \
	    [info nameofexecutable] $path(gorp.file) $path(echo) $path(sleep) \
        ] exe file echo sleep]
    puts $f {
	close stdout
	set f [open $file w]
	catch {exec $exe $echo foobar &}
	exec $exe $sleep 2
	close $f
    }
    close $f
} -body {
    catch {exec [interpreter] $path(script)} result
    list $result [readfile $path(gorp.file)]
} -cleanup {
    removeFile $path(script)
} -result {{} foobar}

test exec-18.1 {exec deals with weird file names} -body {
    set path(fooblah) [makeFile {contents} "foo\[\{blah"]
    exec [interpreter] $path(cat) $path(fooblah)
} -constraints {exec} -cleanup {
    removeFile $path(fooblah)
} -result contents
test exec-18.2 {exec cat deals with weird file names} -body {
    # This is cross-platform, but the cat isn't predictably correct on
    # Windows.
    set path(fooblah) [makeFile {contents} "foo\[\{blah"]
    exec cat $path(fooblah)
} -constraints {exec tempNotWin} -cleanup {
    removeFile $path(fooblah)
} -result contents

# Note that this test cannot be adapted to work on Windows; that platform has
# no kernel support for an analog of O_APPEND. OTOH, that means we can assume
# that there is a POSIX shell...
#
# This test also fails in some cases when building with macOS
test exec-19.1 {exec >> uses O_APPEND} -constraints {exec unix notValgrind noosxCI} -setup {
    set tmpfile [makeFile {0} tmpfile.exec-19.1]
} -body {
    # Note that we have to allow for the current contents of the temporary
    # file, which is why the result is 14 and not 12
    exec /bin/sh -c \
	    {for a in 1 2 3; do sleep 1; echo $a; done} >>$tmpfile &
    exec /bin/sh -c \
	    {for a in 4 5 6; do sleep 1; echo $a >&2; done} 2>>$tmpfile &
    exec /bin/sh -c \
	    {for a in a b c; do sleep 1; echo $a; done} >>$tmpfile &
    exec /bin/sh -c \
	    {for a in d e f; do sleep 1; echo $a >&2; done} 2>>$tmpfile &
    # The above four shell invocations take about 3 seconds to finish, so allow
    # 5s (in case the machine is busy)
    after 5000
    # Check that no bytes have got lost through mixups with overlapping
    # appends, which is only guaranteed to work when we set O_APPEND on the
    # file descriptor in the [exec >>...]
    file size $tmpfile
} -cleanup {
    removeFile $tmpfile
} -result 26

# Tests to ensure batch files and .CMD (Bug 9ece99d58b)
# can be executed on Windows
test exec-20.0 {exec .bat file} -constraints {win} -body {
    set log [makeFile {} exec20.log]
    exec [makeFile "echo %1> $log" exec20.bat] "Testing exec-20.0"
    viewFile $log
} -result "\"Testing exec-20.0\""
test exec-20.1 {exec .CMD file} -constraints {win} -body {
    set log [makeFile {} exec201.log]
    exec [makeFile "echo %1> $log" exec201.CMD] "Testing exec-20.1"
    viewFile $log
} -result "\"Testing exec-20.1\""

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# cleanup

foreach file {gorp.file gorp.file2 echo echo2 cat wc sh sh2 sleep exit err} {
    removeFile $file
}
unset -nocomplain path

::tcltest::cleanupTests
return

# Local Variables:
# mode: tcl
# End: