path: root/doc/CrtObjCmd.3

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.TH Tcl_CreateObjCommand 3 8.0 Tcl "Tcl Library Procedures"
.so man.macros
.BS
.SH NAME
Tcl_CreateObjCommand, Tcl_DeleteCommand, Tcl_DeleteCommandFromToken, Tcl_GetCommandInfo, Tcl_GetCommandInfoFromToken, Tcl_SetCommandInfo, Tcl_SetCommandInfoFromToken, Tcl_GetCommandName, Tcl_GetCommandFullName, Tcl_GetCommandFromObj, Tcl_RegisterCommandTypeName, Tcl_GetCommandTypeName \- implement new commands in C
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
\fB#include <tcl.h>\fR
.sp
Tcl_Command
\fBTcl_CreateObjCommand\fR(\fIinterp, cmdName, proc, clientData, deleteProc\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_DeleteCommand\fR(\fIinterp, cmdName\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_DeleteCommandFromToken\fR(\fIinterp, token\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_GetCommandInfo\fR(\fIinterp, cmdName, infoPtr\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_SetCommandInfo\fR(\fIinterp, cmdName, infoPtr\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_GetCommandInfoFromToken\fR(\fItoken, infoPtr\fR)
.sp
int
\fBTcl_SetCommandInfoFromToken\fR(\fItoken, infoPtr\fR)
.sp
const char *
\fBTcl_GetCommandName\fR(\fIinterp, token\fR)
.sp
void
\fBTcl_GetCommandFullName\fR(\fIinterp, token, objPtr\fR)
.sp
Tcl_Command
\fBTcl_GetCommandFromObj\fR(\fIinterp, objPtr\fR)
.sp
.VS "info cmdtype feature"
void
\fBTcl_RegisterCommandTypeName\fR(\fIproc, typeName\fR)
.sp
const char *
\fBTcl_GetCommandTypeName\fR(\fItoken\fR)
.VE "info cmdtype feature"
.SH ARGUMENTS
.AS Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *deleteProc in/out
.AP Tcl_Interp *interp in
Interpreter in which to create a new command or that contains a command.
.AP "const char" *cmdName in
Name of command.
.AP Tcl_ObjCmdProc *proc in
Implementation of the new command: \fIproc\fR will be called whenever
\fIcmdName\fR is invoked as a command.
.AP ClientData clientData in
Arbitrary one-word value to pass to \fIproc\fR and \fIdeleteProc\fR.
.AP Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *deleteProc in
Procedure to call before \fIcmdName\fR is deleted from the interpreter;
allows for command-specific cleanup. If NULL, then no procedure is
called before the command is deleted.
.AP Tcl_Command token in
Token for command, returned by previous call to \fBTcl_CreateObjCommand\fR.
The command must not have been deleted.
.AP Tcl_CmdInfo *infoPtr in/out
Pointer to structure containing various information about a
Tcl command.
.AP Tcl_Obj *objPtr in
Value containing the name of a Tcl command.
.AP "const char" *typeName in
Indicates the name of the type of command implementation associated
with a particular \fIproc\fR, or NULL to break the association.
.BE
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
\fBTcl_CreateObjCommand\fR defines a new command in \fIinterp\fR
and associates it with procedure \fIproc\fR
such that whenever \fIname\fR is
invoked as a Tcl command (e.g., via a call to \fBTcl_EvalObjEx\fR)
the Tcl interpreter will call \fIproc\fR to process the command.
.PP
\fBTcl_CreateObjCommand\fR deletes any existing command
\fIname\fR already associated with the interpreter
(however see below for an exception where the existing command
is not deleted).
It returns a token that may be used to refer
to the command in subsequent calls to \fBTcl_GetCommandName\fR.
If \fIname\fR contains any \fB::\fR namespace qualifiers,
then the command is added to the specified namespace;
otherwise the command is added to the global namespace.
If \fBTcl_CreateObjCommand\fR is called for an interpreter that is in
the process of being deleted, then it does not create a new command
and it returns NULL.
\fIproc\fR should have arguments and result that match the type
\fBTcl_ObjCmdProc\fR:
.PP
.CS
typedef int \fBTcl_ObjCmdProc\fR(
        ClientData \fIclientData\fR,
        Tcl_Interp *\fIinterp\fR,
        int \fIobjc\fR,
        Tcl_Obj *const \fIobjv\fR[]);
.CE
.PP
When \fIproc\fR is invoked, the \fIclientData\fR and \fIinterp\fR parameters
will be copies of the \fIclientData\fR and \fIinterp\fR arguments given to
\fBTcl_CreateObjCommand\fR.  Typically, \fIclientData\fR points to an
application-specific data structure that describes what to do when the
command procedure is invoked. \fIObjc\fR and \fIobjv\fR describe the
arguments to the command, \fIobjc\fR giving the number of argument values
(including the command name) and \fIobjv\fR giving the values of the
arguments.  The \fIobjv\fR array will contain \fIobjc\fR values, pointing to
the argument values.  Unlike \fIargv\fR[\fIargv\fR] used in a
string-based command procedure, \fIobjv\fR[\fIobjc\fR] will not contain NULL.
.PP
Additionally, when \fIproc\fR is invoked, it must not modify the contents
of the \fIobjv\fR array by assigning new pointer values to any element of the
array (for example, \fIobjv\fR[\fB2\fR] = \fBNULL\fR) because this will
cause memory to be lost and the runtime stack to be corrupted.  The
\fBconst\fR in the declaration of \fIobjv\fR will cause ANSI-compliant
compilers to report any such attempted assignment as an error.  However,
it is acceptable to modify the internal representation of any individual
value argument.  For instance, the user may call
\fBTcl_GetIntFromObj\fR on \fIobjv\fR[\fB2\fR] to obtain the integer
representation of that value; that call may change the type of the value
that \fIobjv\fR[\fB2\fR] points at, but will not change where
\fIobjv\fR[\fB2\fR] points.
.PP
\fIproc\fR must return an integer code that is either \fBTCL_OK\fR,
\fBTCL_ERROR\fR, \fBTCL_RETURN\fR, \fBTCL_BREAK\fR, or \fBTCL_CONTINUE\fR.
See the Tcl overview man page
for details on what these codes mean.  Most normal commands will only
return \fBTCL_OK\fR or \fBTCL_ERROR\fR.
In addition, if \fIproc\fR needs to return a non-empty result,
it can call \fBTcl_SetObjResult\fR to set the interpreter's result.
In the case of a \fBTCL_OK\fR return code this gives the result
of the command,
and in the case of \fBTCL_ERROR\fR this gives an error message.
Before invoking a command procedure,
\fBTcl_EvalObjEx\fR sets interpreter's result to
point to a value representing an empty string, so simple
commands can return an empty result by doing nothing at all.
.PP
The contents of the \fIobjv\fR array belong to Tcl and are not
guaranteed to persist once \fIproc\fR returns: \fIproc\fR should
not modify them.
Call \fBTcl_SetObjResult\fR if you want
to return something from the \fIobjv\fR array.
.PP
Ordinarily, \fBTcl_CreateObjCommand\fR deletes any existing command
\fIname\fR already associated with the interpreter.
However, if the existing command was created by a previous call to
\fBTcl_CreateCommand\fR,
\fBTcl_CreateObjCommand\fR does not delete the command
but instead arranges for the Tcl interpreter to call the
\fBTcl_ObjCmdProc\fR \fIproc\fR in the future.
The old string-based \fBTcl_CmdProc\fR associated with the command
is retained and its address can be obtained by subsequent
\fBTcl_GetCommandInfo\fR calls. This is done for backwards compatibility.
.PP
\fIDeleteProc\fR will be invoked when (if) \fIname\fR is deleted.
This can occur through a call to \fBTcl_DeleteCommand\fR,
\fBTcl_DeleteCommandFromToken\fR, or \fBTcl_DeleteInterp\fR,
or by replacing \fIname\fR in another call to \fBTcl_CreateObjCommand\fR.
\fIDeleteProc\fR is invoked before the command is deleted, and gives the
application an opportunity to release any structures associated
with the command.  \fIDeleteProc\fR should have arguments and
result that match the type \fBTcl_CmdDeleteProc\fR:
.PP
.CS
typedef void \fBTcl_CmdDeleteProc\fR(
        ClientData \fIclientData\fR);
.CE
.PP
The \fIclientData\fR argument will be the same as the \fIclientData\fR
argument passed to \fBTcl_CreateObjCommand\fR.
.PP
\fBTcl_DeleteCommand\fR deletes a command from a command interpreter.
Once the call completes, attempts to invoke \fIcmdName\fR in
\fIinterp\fR will result in errors.
If \fIcmdName\fR is not bound as a command in \fIinterp\fR then
\fBTcl_DeleteCommand\fR does nothing and returns -1;  otherwise
it returns 0.
There are no restrictions on \fIcmdName\fR:  it may refer to
a built-in command, an application-specific command, or a Tcl procedure.
If \fIname\fR contains any \fB::\fR namespace qualifiers,
the command is deleted from the specified namespace.
.PP
Given a token returned by \fBTcl_CreateObjCommand\fR,
\fBTcl_DeleteCommandFromToken\fR deletes the command
from a command interpreter.
It will delete a command even if that command has been renamed.
Once the call completes, attempts to invoke the command in
\fIinterp\fR will result in errors.
If the command corresponding to \fItoken\fR
has already been deleted from \fIinterp\fR then
\fBTcl_DeleteCommand\fR does nothing and returns -1;
otherwise it returns 0.
.PP
\fBTcl_GetCommandInfo\fR checks to see whether its \fIcmdName\fR argument
exists as a command in \fIinterp\fR.
\fIcmdName\fR may include \fB::\fR namespace qualifiers
to identify a command in a particular namespace.
If the command is not found, then it returns 0.
Otherwise it places information about the command
in the \fBTcl_CmdInfo\fR structure
pointed to by \fIinfoPtr\fR and returns 1.
A \fBTcl_CmdInfo\fR structure has the following fields:
.PP
.CS
typedef struct Tcl_CmdInfo {
    int \fIisNativeObjectProc\fR;
    Tcl_ObjCmdProc *\fIobjProc\fR;
    ClientData \fIobjClientData\fR;
    Tcl_CmdProc *\fIproc\fR;
    ClientData \fIclientData\fR;
    Tcl_CmdDeleteProc *\fIdeleteProc\fR;
    ClientData \fIdeleteData\fR;
    Tcl_Namespace *\fInamespacePtr\fR;
} \fBTcl_CmdInfo\fR;
.CE
.PP
The \fIisNativeObjectProc\fR field has the value 1
if \fBTcl_CreateObjCommand\fR was called to register the command;
it is 0 if only \fBTcl_CreateCommand\fR was called.
It allows a program to determine whether it is faster to
call \fIobjProc\fR or \fIproc\fR:
\fIobjProc\fR is normally faster
if \fIisNativeObjectProc\fR has the value 1.
The fields \fIobjProc\fR and \fIobjClientData\fR
have the same meaning as the \fIproc\fR and \fIclientData\fR
arguments to \fBTcl_CreateObjCommand\fR;
they hold information about the value-based command procedure
that the Tcl interpreter calls to implement the command.
The fields \fIproc\fR and \fIclientData\fR
hold information about the string-based command procedure
that implements the command.
If \fBTcl_CreateCommand\fR was called for this command,
this is the procedure passed to it;
otherwise, this is a compatibility procedure
registered by \fBTcl_CreateObjCommand\fR
that simply calls the command's
value-based procedure after converting its string arguments to Tcl values.
The field \fIdeleteData\fR is the ClientData value
to pass to \fIdeleteProc\fR;  it is normally the same as
\fIclientData\fR but may be set independently using the
\fBTcl_SetCommandInfo\fR procedure.
The field \fInamespacePtr\fR holds a pointer to the
Tcl_Namespace that contains the command.
.PP
\fBTcl_GetCommandInfoFromToken\fR is identical to
\fBTcl_GetCommandInfo\fR except that it uses a command token returned
from \fBTcl_CreateObjCommand\fR in place of the command name.  If the
\fItoken\fR parameter is NULL, it returns 0; otherwise, it returns 1
and fills in the structure designated by \fIinfoPtr\fR.
.PP
\fBTcl_SetCommandInfo\fR is used to modify the procedures and
ClientData values associated with a command.
Its \fIcmdName\fR argument is the name of a command in \fIinterp\fR.
\fIcmdName\fR may include \fB::\fR namespace qualifiers
to identify a command in a particular namespace.
If this command does not exist then \fBTcl_SetCommandInfo\fR returns 0.
Otherwise, it copies the information from \fI*infoPtr\fR to
Tcl's internal structure for the command and returns 1.
.PP
\fBTcl_SetCommandInfoFromToken\fR is identical to
\fBTcl_SetCommandInfo\fR except that it takes a command token as
returned by \fBTcl_CreateObjCommand\fR instead of the command name.
If the \fItoken\fR parameter is NULL, it returns 0.  Otherwise, it
copies the information from \fI*infoPtr\fR to Tcl's internal structure
for the command and returns 1.
.PP
Note that \fBTcl_SetCommandInfo\fR and
\fBTcl_SetCommandInfoFromToken\fR both allow the ClientData for a
command's deletion procedure to be given a different value than the
ClientData for its command procedure.
.PP
Note that neither \fBTcl_SetCommandInfo\fR nor
\fBTcl_SetCommandInfoFromToken\fR will change a command's namespace.
Use \fBTcl_Eval\fR to call the \fBrename\fR command to do that.
.PP
\fBTcl_GetCommandName\fR provides a mechanism for tracking commands
that have been renamed.
Given a token returned by \fBTcl_CreateObjCommand\fR
when the command was created, \fBTcl_GetCommandName\fR returns the
string name of the command.  If the command has been renamed since it
was created, then \fBTcl_GetCommandName\fR returns the current name.
This name does not include any \fB::\fR namespace qualifiers.
The command corresponding to \fItoken\fR must not have been deleted.
The string returned by \fBTcl_GetCommandName\fR is in dynamic memory
owned by Tcl and is only guaranteed to retain its value as long as the
command is not deleted or renamed;  callers should copy the string if
they need to keep it for a long time.
.PP
\fBTcl_GetCommandFullName\fR produces the fully qualified name
of a command from a command token.
The name, including all namespace prefixes,
is appended to the value specified by \fIobjPtr\fR.
.PP
\fBTcl_GetCommandFromObj\fR returns a token for the command
specified by the name in a \fBTcl_Obj\fR.
The command name is resolved relative to the current namespace.
Returns NULL if the command is not found.
.PP
.VS "info cmdtype feature"
\fBTcl_RegisterCommandTypeName\fR is used to associate a name (the
\fItypeName\fR argument) with a particular implementation function so that it
can then be looked up with \fBTcl_GetCommandTypeName\fR, which in turn is
called with a command token that information is wanted for and which returns
the name of the type that was registered for the implementation function used
for that command. (The lookup functionality is surfaced virtually directly in Tcl via
\fBinfo cmdtype\fR.) If there is no function registered for a particular
function, the result will be the string literal
.QW \fBnative\fR .
The registration of a name can be undone by registering a mapping to NULL
instead. The result from \fBTcl_GetCommandTypeName\fR will be exactly that
string which was registered, and not a copy; use of a compile-time constant
string is \fIstrongly recommended\fR.
.VE "info cmdtype feature"
.SH "REFERENCE COUNT MANAGEMENT"
.PP
When the \fIproc\fR passed to \fBTcl_CreateObjCommand\fR is called,
the values in its \fIobjv\fR argument will have a reference count of
at least 1, with that guaranteed reference being from the Tcl
evaluation stack. You should not call \fBTcl_DecrRefCount\fR on any of
those values unless you call \fBTcl_IncrRefCount\fR on them first.
Also, when the \fIproc\fR is called, the interpreter result is
guaranteed to be an empty string value with a reference count of 1.
.PP
\fBTcl_GetCommandFullName\fR does not modify the reference count of its
\fIobjPtr\fR argument, but does require that the object be unshared.
.PP
\fBTcl_GetCommandFromObj\fR does not modify the reference count of its
\fIobjPtr\fR argument; it only reads.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
Tcl_CreateCommand(3), Tcl_ResetResult(3), Tcl_SetObjResult(3)
.SH KEYWORDS
bind, command, create, delete, namespace, value