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Tcl Mac OS X README
-------------------
RCS: @(#) $Id: README,v 1.16 2007/12/13 15:26:03 dgp Exp $
This is the README file for the Mac OS X/Darwin version of Tcl.
1. Where to go for support
--------------------------
- The tcl-mac mailing list on sourceforge is the best place to ask questions
specific to Tcl & Tk on Mac OS X:
http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/tcl-mac
(this page also has a link to searchable archives of the list, please check them
before asking on the list, many questions have already been answered).
- For general Tcl/Tk questions, the newsgroup comp.lang.tcl is your best bet:
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.tcl/
- The Tcl'ers Wiki also has many pages dealing with Tcl & Tk on Mac OS X, see
http://wiki.tcl.tk/references/3753!
http://wiki.tcl.tk/references/8361!
- Please report bugs with Tcl or Tk on Mac OS X to the sourceforge bug trackers:
Tcl: http://sf.net/tracker/?func=add&group_id=10894&atid=110894
Tk: http://sf.net/tracker/?func=add&group_id=12997&atid=112997
please make sure that your report Tk specific bugs to the tktoolkit project bug
tracker rather than the tcl project bug tracker.
Mac OS X specific bugs should usually be assigned to 'das' or 'wolfsuit'.
2. Using Tcl on Mac OS X
------------------------
- At a minimum, Mac OS X 10.1 is required to run Tcl, but OS X 10.3 or higher is
recommended (certain [file] operations behave incorrectly on earlier releases).
- Unless weak-linking is used, Tcl built on Mac OS X 10.x will not run on 10.y
with y < x; on the other hand Tcl built on 10.y will always run on 10.x with
y <= x (but without any of the fixes and optimizations that would be available
in a binary built on 10.x).
Weak-linking is available on OS X 10.2 or later, it additionally allows Tcl
built on 10.x to run on any 10.y with x > y >= z (for a chosen z >= 2).
- Tcl extensions can be installed in any of:
$HOME/Library/Tcl /Library/Tcl /Network/Library/Tcl /System/Library/Tcl
$HOME/Library/Frameworks /Library/Frameworks /Network/Library/Frameworks
/System/Library/Frameworks (searched in that order).
Given a potential package directory $pkg, Tcl on OSX checks for the file
$pkg/Resources/Scripts/pkgIndex.tcl as well as the usual $pkg/pkgIndex.tcl.
This allows building extensions as frameworks with all script files contained in
the Resources/Scripts directory of the framework.
- [load]able binary extensions can linked as either ordinary shared libraries
(.dylib) or as MachO bundles (since 8.4.10/8.5a3); only bundles can be unloaded,
and bundles are also loaded more efficiently from VFS (no temporary copy to the
native filesystem required).
- The 'deploy' target of macosx/GNUmakefile installs the html manpages into the
standard documentation location in the Tcl framework:
Tcl.framework/Resources/Documentation/Reference/Tcl
No nroff manpages are installed by default by the GNUmakefile.
- The Tcl framework can be installed in any of the system's standard
framework directories:
$HOME/Library/Frameworks /Library/Frameworks
/Network/Library/Frameworks /System/Library/Frameworks
3. Building Tcl on Mac OS X
---------------------------
- At least Mac OS X 10.1 is required to build Tcl, and Apple's Developer Tools
need to be installed (only the most recent version matching your OS release is
supported). The Developer Tools installer is available on Mac OS X retail disks
or is present in /Applications/Installers on Macs that came with OS X
preinstalled. The most recent version can be downloaded from the ADC website
http://connect.apple.com (after you register for free ADC membership).
- Tcl is most easily built as a Mac OS X framework via GNUmakefile in tcl/macosx
(see below for details), but can also be built with the standard unix configure
and make buildsystem in tcl/unix as on any other unix platform (indeed, the
GNUmakefile is just a wrapper around the unix buildsystem).
The Mac OS X specific configure flags are --enable-framework and
--disable-corefoundation (which disables CF and notably reverts to the standard
select based notifier).
- It is also possible to build with Apple's IDE via the projects in tcl/macosx,
take care to only use the project matching your DevTools and OS version:
* Tcl.pbproj for Xcode or ProjectBuilder on 10.3 and earlier, this has a
'Tcl' target that simply calls through to the tcl/macosx/GNUMakefile.
* Tcl.xcode for Xcode 2.4 on 10.4 and Xcode 2.5 on 10.4 and later, which
additionally has a native 'tcltest' target useful for debugging, this
target's 'Debug' build configuration has ZeroLink and Fix&Continue
enabled, use the 'DebugNoFixZL' build configuration if you need a debug
build without these features. The following additional build
configurations are available for the 'Tcl' and 'tcltest' targets:
'DebugUnthreaded': debug build with threading turned off.
'DebugMemCompile': debug build with memory and bytecode debugging on.
'DebugLeaks': debug build with PURIFY defined.
'Debug64bit': builds the targets as 64bit with debugging enabled,
requires a 64bit capable processor (i.e. G5 or Core2/Xeon).
'ReleaseUniversal': builds the targets as universal binaries for the
ppc, ppc64, i386 and x86_64 architectures.
'ReleaseUniversal10.4uSDK': same as 'ReleaseUniversal' but builds
against the 10.4u SDK, required to build universal binaries on
PowerPC Tiger (where the system libraries are not universal).
'ReleasePPC10.3.9SDK': builds for PowerPC against the 10.3.9 SDK, useful
for verifying on Tiger that building on Panther would succeed.
'ReleasePPC10.2.8SDK': builds for PowerPC with gcc-3.3 against the
10.2.8 SDK, useful to verify on Tiger that building on Jaguar
would succeed.
* Tcl.xcodeproj for Xcode 3.0 on 10.5 and later, which has the following
additional build configuration:
'ReleaseUniversal10.5SDK': same as 'ReleaseUniversal' but builds
against the 10.5 SDK on Leopard (with 10.5 deployment target).
Notes about the native targets of the Xcode projects:
* the Xcode projects refer to the toplevel tcl source directory through the
TCL_SRCROOT user build setting, by default this is set to the
project-relative path '../../tcl', if your tcl source directory is named
differently, e.g. '../../tcl8.5', you'll need to manually change the
TCL_SRCROOT setting by editing your ${USER}.pbxuser file (located inside
the Tcl.xcodeproj bundle directory) with a text editor.
* the native targets need a version of the unix configure script with config
headers enabled, this is automatically generated as tcl/macosx/configure
by the project but that requires 2.59 versions of autoconf & autoheader.
These are not available on Mac OS X 10.5 by default and need to be
installed manually. By default they are assumed to be installed as
/usr/local/bin/autoconf-2.59 and /usr/local/bin/autoheader-2.59, set the
AUTOCONF and AUTOHEADER build settings in ${USER}.pbxuser to their true
locations if necessary.
- To build universal binaries outside of Tcl.xcodeproj, set CFLAGS as follows:
export CFLAGS="-arch ppc -arch ppc64 -arch i386 -arch x86_64 \
-isysroot /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk -mmacosx-version-min=10.4"
This requires Mac OS X 10.4 and Xcode 2.4 (or Xcode 2.2 if -arch x86_64 is
omitted, but _not_ Xcode 2.1) and will work on any of the architectures (the
-isysroot flag is only required on PowerPC Tiger).
Note that configure requires CFLAGS to contain a least one architecture that can
be run on the build machine (i.e. ppc on G3/G4, ppc or ppc64 on G5, ppc or i386
on Core and ppc, i386 or x86_64 on Core2/Xeon).
Universal builds of Tcl TEA extensions are also possible with CFLAGS set as
above, they will be [load]able by universal as well as thin binaries of Tcl.
- To enable weak-linking, set the MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET environment variable
to the minimal OS version (>= 10.2) the binaries should be able to run on, e.g:
export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.2
This requires Mac OS X 10.2 and gcc 3.1; if you have gcc 4 or later you can set
CFLAGS instead:
export CFLAGS="-mmacosx-version-min=10.2"
The Tcl.xcode project is setup to produce binaries that can run on 10.2 or
later (except for the Universal and SDK configurations).
Support for weak-linking was added to the code for 8.4.14/8.5a5.
Detailed Instructions for building with macosx/GNUmakefile
----------------------------------------------------------
- Unpack the tcl source release archive.
- The following instructions assume the tcl source tree is named "tcl${ver}",
where ${ver} is a shell variable containing the tcl version number (for example
'8.4.12').
Setup the shell variable as follows:
set ver="8.4.12" ;: if your shell is csh
ver="8.4.12" ;: if your shell is sh
The source tree will be named this way only if you are building from a release
archive, if you are building from CVS, the version numbers will be missing; so
set ${ver} to the empty string instead:
set ver="" ;: if your shell is csh
ver="" ;: if your shell is sh
- The following steps will build Tcl from the Terminal, assuming you are located
in the directory containing the tcl source tree:
make -C tcl${ver}/macosx
and the following will then install Tcl onto the root volume (admin password
required):
sudo make -C tcl${ver}/macosx install
if you don't have the admin password, you can install into your home directory,
instead by passing an INSTALL_ROOT argument to make:
make -C tcl${ver}/macosx install INSTALL_ROOT="${HOME}/"
- The default Makefile targets will build _both_ debug and optimized versions of
the Tcl framework with the standard convention of naming the debug library
Tcl.framework/Tcl_debug.
This allows switching to the debug libraries at runtime by setting
export DYLD_IMAGE_SUFFIX=_debug
(c.f. man dyld for more details)
If you only want to build and install the debug or optimized build, use the
'develop' or 'deploy' target variants of the Makefiles, respectively.
For example, to build and install only the optimized versions:
make -C tcl${ver}/macosx deploy
sudo make -C tcl${ver}/macosx install-deploy
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