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authorKevin Walzer <kw@codebykevin.com>2012-10-09 14:26:36 (GMT)
committerKevin Walzer <kw@codebykevin.com>2012-10-09 14:26:36 (GMT)
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-Tcl/TkAqua Carbon Mac OS X README
----------------------------------
-
-!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-! This is the README for tk/carbon, the legacy version of TkAqua based on the !
-! Carbon API. This version of TkAqua is deprecated and no longer actively !
-! supported, it will be removed in a future release of Tk. It is only useful !
-! for users requiring support of Mac OS X releases older than 10.5. !
-! The supported version of TkAqua is located in tk/macosx and is based on the !
-! Cocoa API. It requires Mac OS X 10.5 or later. !
-!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-
-1. Where to go for support
---------------------------
-
-- The tcl-mac mailing list on sourceforge is the best place to ask questions
-specific to Tcl & Tk on Mac OS X:
- http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/tcl-mac
-(this page also has a link to searchable archives of the list, please check them
-before asking on the list, many questions have already been answered).
-
-- For general Tcl/Tk questions, the newsgroup comp.lang.tcl is your best bet:
- http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.tcl/
-
-- The Tcl'ers Wiki also has many pages dealing with Tcl & Tk on Mac OS X, see
- http://wiki.tcl.tk/references/3753!
- http://wiki.tcl.tk/references/8361!
-
-- Please report bugs with Tcl or Tk on Mac OS X to the sourceforge bug trackers:
- Tcl: http://sf.net/tracker/?func=add&group_id=10894&atid=110894
- Tk: http://sf.net/tracker/?func=add&group_id=12997&atid=112997
-please make sure that your report Tk specific bugs to the tktoolkit project bug
-tracker rather than the tcl project bug tracker.
-Mac OS X specific bugs should usually be assigned to 'das' or 'wolfsuit'.
-
-
-2. Using Tcl/Tk on Mac OS X
----------------------------
-
-- There are two versions of Tk available on Mac OS X: TkAqua using the native
-aqua widgets and look&feel, and TkX11 using the traditional unix X11 wigets.
-TkX11 requires an X11 server to be installed, such as Apple's X11 (which is
-available as an optional install on recent Mac OS X retail disks).
-TkAqua and TkX11 can be distinguished at runtime via [tk windowingsystem].
-
-- At a minimum, Mac OS X 10.1 is required to run Tcl and TkX11, and OS X 10.2 is
-required to run TkAqua. However OS X 10.3 or higher is recommended (certain
-[file] operations behave incorrectly on earlier releases).
-
-- Unless weak-linking is used, Tcl/Tk built on Mac OS X 10.x will not run on
-10.y with y < x; on the other hand Tcl/Tk built on 10.y will always run on 10.x
-with y <= x (but without any of the fixes and optimizations that would be
-available in a binary built on 10.x).
-Weak-linking is available on OS X 10.2 or later, it additionally allows Tcl/Tk
-built on 10.x to run on any 10.y with x > y >= z (for a chosen z >= 2).
-
-- Wish checks the Resources/Scripts directory in its application bundle for a
-file called AppMain.tcl, if found it is used as the startup script and the
-Scripts folder is added to the auto_path. This can be used to emulate the old
-OS9 TclTk droplets.
-
-- If standard input is a special file of zero length (e.g. /dev/null), Wish
-brings up the Tk console window at startup. This is the case when double
-clicking Wish in the Finder (or using 'open Wish.app' from the Terminal).
-
-- Tcl extensions can be installed in any of:
- $HOME/Library/Tcl /Library/Tcl /Network/Library/Tcl /System/Library/Tcl
- $HOME/Library/Frameworks /Library/Frameworks /Network/Library/Frameworks
- /System/Library/Frameworks (searched in that order).
-Given a potential package directory $pkg, Tcl on OSX checks for the file
-$pkg/Resources/Scripts/pkgIndex.tcl as well as the usual $pkg/pkgIndex.tcl.
-This allows building extensions as frameworks with all script files contained in
-the Resources/Scripts directory of the framework.
-
-- [load]able binary extensions can linked as either ordinary shared libraries
-(.dylib) or as MachO bundles (since 8.4.10/8.5a3); only bundles can be unloaded,
-and bundles are also loaded more efficiently from VFS (no temporary copy to the
-native filesystem required).
-
-- The 'deploy' target of carbon/GNUmakefile installs the html manpages into the
-standard documentation location in the Tcl/Tk frameworks:
- Tcl.framework/Resources/Documentation/Reference/Tcl
- Tk.framework/Resources/Documentation/Reference/Tk
-No nroff manpages are installed by default by the GNUmakefiles.
-
-- The Tcl and Tk frameworks can be installed in any of the system's standard
-framework directories:
- $HOME/Library/Frameworks /Library/Frameworks
- /Network/Library/Frameworks /System/Library/Frameworks
-
-- /usr/bin/wish8.x is a script that calls a copy of 'Wish' contained in
- Tk.framework/Resources
-
-- if 'Wish' is started from the Finder or via 'open', $argv contains a
-"-psn_XXXX" argument. This is the Wish's carbon process serial number, you may
-need to filter it out for cross platform compatibility of your scripts.
-
-- the env array is different when Wish is started from the Finder (i.e. via
-LaunchServices) than when it (or tclsh) is invoked from the Terminal, in
-particular PATH may not be what you expect. (Wish started by LaunchServices
-inherits loginwindow's environment variables, which are essentially those set in
-$HOME/.MacOSX/environment.plist, and are unrelated to those set in your shell).
-
-- As of Tk 8.4.7, TkAqua has a version of the low-level drawing primitives using
-the CoreGraphics routines - the code is primarily due to James Tittle. There
-were numerous problems with the QD version, mostly due to the different drawing
-model of QD & Tk. CG also trivially supports dashed lines, and the various end
-caps & miters. The old QD code is retained for now, just in case there are any
-compatibility problems. To switch back to the QD drawing, put
- set tk::mac::useCGDrawing 0
-in your script before you do drawing.
-All CG drawing is antialiased by default, but (outline) linewidth can be used to
-control whether a line/shape is drawn antialiased. The antialiasing threshold is
-0 by default (i.e. antialias everything), it can be changed by setting
- set tk::mac::CGAntialiasLimit <limit>
-in your script before drawing, in which case lines (or shapes with outlines)
-thinner than <limit> pixels will not be antialiased.
-
-- ATSUI text antialiasing by default uses the standard OS antialising settings.
-Setting the global variable '::tk::mac::antialiasedtext' allows to control text
-antialiasing from Tcl: a value of 1 enables AA, 0 disables AA and -1 restores
-the default behaviour of respecting the OS settings.
-
-- Scrollbars: There are two scrollbar variants in Aqua, normal & small. The
-normal scrollbar has a small dimension of 15, the small variant 11. Access to
-the small variant was added in Tk 8.4.2.
-
-- Cursors: You can now put up and spin the Classic MacOS spinner, and the
-counting hands and watch cursor. The way this is done is each of the spinners
-have a base name:
- spinning: The circular B&W circular spinner
- countinguphand: The counting up hand
- countingdownhand: The counting down hand
- countingupanddownhand: The counting up then down hand
- watch: The watch cursor
-Then to get the sequential variants, add an integer to the end of the base name.
-So, for instance this code will spin the spinner:
- proc spinCursor {widget count} {
- $widget configure -cursor spinning$count
- after 100 spinCursor [incr count]
- }
-This was added in Tk 8.4.2
-
-- If you want to use Remote Debugging with Xcode 1.5 or 2.2, you need to set the
-environment variable XCNOSTDIN to 1 in the Executable editor for Wish. That will
-cause us to force closing stdin & stdout. Otherwise, given how Xcode launches
-Wish remotely, they will be left open and then Wish & gdb will fight for stdin.
-
-
-3. Building Tcl/Tk on Mac OS X
-------------------------------
-
-- At least Mac OS X 10.1 is required to build Tcl and TkX11 and OS X 10.2 is
-required to build TkAqua. Apple's Developer Tools need to be installed (only the
-most recent version matching your OS release is supported). The Developer Tools
-installer is available on Mac OS X retail disks or is present in
-/Applications/Installers on Macs that came with OS X preinstalled. The most
-recent version can be downloaded from the ADC website http://connect.apple.com
-(after you register for free ADC membership).
-
-- Tcl/Tk are most easily built as Mac OS X frameworks via GNUmakefile in
-tcl/macosx and tk/carbon (see below for details), but can also be built with the
-standard unix configure and make buildsystem in tcl/unix resp. tk/unix as on any
-other unix platform (indeed, the GNUmakefiles are just wrappers around the unix
-buildsystem).
-The Mac OS X specific configure flags are --enable-aqua, --enable-framework and
---disable-corefoundation (which disables CF and notably reverts to the standard
-select based notifier). Note that --enable-aqua is incompatible with
---disable-corefoundation (for both Tcl and Tk configure).
-
-- It is also possible to build with Apple's IDE via the projects in tk/carbon,
-take care to only use the project matching your DevTools and OS version:
- * Wish.xcode for Xcode 2.4 on 10.4 and Xcode 2.5 on 10.4 and later, this has
- a 'Tk' target that simply calls through to the tcl/macosx/GNUMakefile.
- It requires a build of the 'Tcl' target of tcl/macosx/Tcl.xcode.
- Additionally this has native 'tktest' and 'tktest-X11' targets for
- debugging, these targets' 'Debug' build configuration has ZeroLink and
- Fix&Continue enabled, use the 'DebugNoFixZL' build configuration if you
- need a debug build without these features. The following build
- configurations are available:
- 'DebugUnthreaded': debug build with threading turned off.
- 'DebugNoCF': debug build with corefoundation turned off
- (for 'tktest-X11' only).
- 'DebugNoCFUnthreaded': debug build with corefoundation turned off
- (for 'tktest-X11' only) and with threading turned off.
- 'DebugMemCompile': debug build with memory and bytecode debugging on.
- 'DebugLeaks': debug build with PURIFY defined.
- 'DebugGCov': debug build with generation of gcov data files enabled.
- 'ReleaseUniversal': builds the targets as universal binaries for the
- ppc and i386 architectures.
- 'ReleaseUniversal10.4uSDK': same as 'ReleaseUniversal' but builds
- against the 10.4u SDK, required to build universal binaries on
- PowerPC Tiger (where the system libraries are not universal).
- 'ReleasePPC10.3.9SDK': builds for PowerPC against the 10.3.9 SDK, useful
- for verifying on Tiger that building on Panther would succeed.
- 'ReleasePPC10.2.8SDK': builds for PowerPC with gcc-3.3 against the
- 10.2.8 SDK, useful to verify on Tiger that building on Jaguar
- would succeed.
- * Wish.xcodeproj for Xcode 3.1 on 10.5 and later, which has the following
- additional build configurations:
- 'ReleaseUniversal10.5SDK': same as 'ReleaseUniversal' but builds
- against the 10.5 SDK on Leopard (with 10.5 deployment target).
- 'Debug gcc42': same as 'Debug' but builds with gcc 4.2.
- 'Debug llvmgcc42': same as 'Debug' but builds with llvm-gcc 4.2.
- 'ReleaseUniversal gcc42': same as 'ReleaseUniversal' but builds with
- gcc 4.2.
- 'ReleaseUniversal llvmgcc42': same as 'ReleaseUniversal' but builds
- with llvm-gcc 4.2.
- 'Debug64bit': builds the 'tktest-X11' target as 64bit with debugging
- enabled (requires a 64bit capable processor).
- Note that all non-SDK configurations have 10.5 deployment target and
- that all Universal configurations build the 'tktest-X11' target
- also for the ppc64 and x86_64 architectures.
-
-Notes about the native targets of the Xcode projects:
- * the Xcode projects refer to the toplevel tcl and tk source dirs through
- the TCL_SRCROOT and TK_SRCROOT user build settings, by default these are
- set to the project-relative paths '../../tcl' and '../../tk', if your
- source directories are named differently, e.g. '../../tcl8.5', you'll
- need to manually change the TCL_SRCROOT and TK_SRCROOT settings by
- editing your ${USER}.pbxuser file (located inside the Wish.xcodeproj
- bundle directory) with a text editor.
- * the native targets need a version of the unix configure scripts with config
- headers enabled, this is automatically generated as tcl/macosx/configure
- and tk/carbon/configure by the project but that requires 2.59 versions
- of autoconf & autoheader. These are not available on Mac OS X 10.5 by
- default and need to be installed manually. By default they are assumed
- to be installed as /usr/local/bin/autoconf-2.59 and
- /usr/local/bin/autoheader-2.59, set the AUTOCONF and AUTOHEADER build
- settings in ${USER}.pbxuser to their true locations if necessary.
-
-- To build universal binaries outside of Wish.xcodeproj, set CFLAGS as follows:
- export CFLAGS="-arch ppc -arch i386 \
- -isysroot /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk -mmacosx-version-min=10.4"
-This requires Mac OS X 10.4 and Xcode 2.2 (_not_ Xcode 2.1) and will work on any
-of the architectures (the -isysroot flag is only required on PowerPC Tiger).
-Note that configure requires CFLAGS to contain a least one architecture that can
-be run on the build machine (i.e. ppc on PowerPC, ppc or i386 on Intel).
-Universal builds of Tk TEA extensions are also possible with CFLAGS set as
-above, they will be [load]able by universal as well as thin binaries of Tk.
-Note that while Tcl can be built for 64-bit architectures, neither TkAqua nor
-TkX11 can be built for 64-bit as the corresponding GUI libraries are not
-available for 64bit at present. However, linking a universal 'ppc i386' Tk
-binary against a universal 'ppc ppc64 i386 x86_64' Tcl binary works just fine.
-The Tk configure script automatically removes the 64-bit -arch flags from CFLAGS
-to facilitate universal building of both Tcl and Tk with the same CFLAGS; the
-same happens with configure in Tk extensions based on TEA 3.5 or later.
-
-- To enable weak-linking, set the MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET environment variable
-to the minimal OS version (>= 10.2) the binaries should be able to run on, e.g:
- export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.2
-This requires Mac OS X 10.2 and gcc 3.1; if you have gcc 4 or later you can set
-CFLAGS instead:
- export CFLAGS="-mmacosx-version-min=10.2"
-The Wish.xcode project is setup to produce binaries that can run on 10.2 or
-later (except for the Universal and SDK configurations).
-Support for weak-linking was added to the code for 8.4.14/8.5a5.
-
-Detailed Instructions for building with carbon/GNUmakefile
-----------------------------------------------------------
-
-- Unpack the Tcl and Tk source release archives and place the tcl and tk source
-trees in a common parent directory.
-[ If you don't want have the two source trees in one directory, you'll need to ]
-[ create the following symbolic link for the build to work as setup by default ]
-[ ln -fs /path_to_tcl/build /path_to_tk/build ]
-[ (where /path_to_{tcl,tk} is the directory containing the tcl resp. tk tree) ]
-[ or you can pass an argument of BUILD_DIR=/somewhere to the tcl and tk make. ]
-
-- The following instructions assume the Tcl and Tk source trees are named
-"tcl${ver}" and "tk${ver}", respectively, where ${ver} is a shell variable
-containing the Tcl and Tk version number (for example '8.4.12').
-Setup the shell variable as follows:
- set ver="8.4.12" ;: if your shell is csh
- ver="8.4.12" ;: if your shell is sh
-The source trees will be named this way only if you are building from a release
-archive, if you are building from CVS, the version numbers will be missing; so
-set ${ver} to the empty string instead:
- set ver="" ;: if your shell is csh
- ver="" ;: if your shell is sh
-
-- The following steps will build Tcl and Tk from the Terminal, assuming you are
-located in the directory containing the tcl and tk source trees:
- make -C tcl${ver}/macosx
- make -C tk${ver}/carbon
-and the following will then install Tcl and Tk onto the root volume (admin
-password required):
- sudo make -C tcl${ver}/macosx install
- sudo make -C tk${ver}/carbon install
-if you don't have the admin password, you can install into your home directory,
-instead by passing an INSTALL_ROOT argument to make:
- make -C tcl${ver}/macosx install INSTALL_ROOT="${HOME}/"
- make -C tk${ver}/carbon install INSTALL_ROOT="${HOME}/"
-
-- The default GNUmakefile targets will build _both_ debug and optimized versions
-of the Tcl and Tk frameworks with the standard convention of naming the debug
-library Tcl.framework/Tcl_debug resp. Tk.framework/Tk_debug.
-This allows switching to the debug libraries at runtime by setting
- export DYLD_IMAGE_SUFFIX=_debug
-(c.f. man dyld for more details)
-
-If you only want to build and install the debug or optimized build, use the
-'develop' or 'deploy' target variants of the GNUmakefiles, respectively.
-For example, to build and install only the optimized versions:
- make -C tcl${ver}/macosx deploy
- make -C tk${ver}/carbon deploy
- sudo make -C tcl${ver}/macosx install-deploy
- sudo make -C tk${ver}/carbon install-deploy
-
-- The GNUmakefiles can also build a version of 'Wish' that has the Tcl and Tk
-frameworks embedded in its application package. This allows for standalone
-deployment of the application with no installation required, e.g. from read-only
-media. To build & install in this manner, use the 'embedded' target variants of
-the GNUmakefiles. For example, to build a standalone 'Wish.app'
-in ./embedded/Applications/Utilities:
- make -C tcl${ver}/macosx embedded
- make -C tk${ver}/carbon embedded
- sudo make -C tcl${ver}/macosx install-embedded INSTALL_ROOT=`pwd`/embedded/
- sudo make -C tk${ver}/carbon install-embedded INSTALL_ROOT=`pwd`/embedded/
-Notes:
- * if you've already built standard TclTkAqua, building embedded does not
- require any new compiling or linking, so you can skip the first two makes.
- (making relinking unnecessary was added in 8.4.2)
- * the embedded frameworks include only optimized builds and no documentation.
- * the standalone Wish has the directory Wish.app/Contents/lib in its
- auto_path. Thus you can place tcl extensions in this directory (i.e. embed
- them in the app package) and load them with [package require].
-
-- It is possible to build Tk against an installed Tcl.framework; but you will
-still need a tcl sourcetree in the location specified in TCL_SRC_DIR in
-Tcl.framework/tclConfig.sh. Also, linking with Tcl.framework has to work exactly
-as indicated in TCL_LIB_SPEC in Tcl.framework/tclConfig.sh.
-If you used non-default install locations for Tcl.framework, specify them as
-make overrides to the tk/carbon GNUmakefile, e.g.
- make -C tk${ver}/carbon \
- TCL_FRAMEWORK_DIR=$HOME/Library/Frameworks TCLSH_DIR=$HOME/usr/bin
- sudo make -C tk${ver}/carbon install \
- TCL_FRAMEWORK_DIR=$HOME/Library/Frameworks TCLSH_DIR=$HOME/usr/bin
-The Makefile variables TCL_FRAMEWORK_DIR and TCLSH_DIR were added in Tk 8.4.3.