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authordkf <donal.k.fellows@manchester.ac.uk>2004-11-07 22:41:11 (GMT)
committerdkf <donal.k.fellows@manchester.ac.uk>2004-11-07 22:41:11 (GMT)
commit27d15b7a2543bca1a3daa01553101b04d7da3f19 (patch)
treec10c13420709ad19fe1e5bf540c158177964305e /library
parent1bb14dfb3bbf5bffb43803bc53e003ec0e6233ca (diff)
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More animation demos
Diffstat (limited to 'library')
-rw-r--r--library/demos/aniwave.tcl104
-rw-r--r--library/demos/pendulum.tcl194
-rw-r--r--library/demos/widget4
3 files changed, 301 insertions, 1 deletions
diff --git a/library/demos/aniwave.tcl b/library/demos/aniwave.tcl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..824388c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/library/demos/aniwave.tcl
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+# aniwave.tcl --
+#
+# This demonstration script illustrates how to adjust canvas item
+# coordinates in a way that does something fairly similar to waveform
+# display.
+#
+# RCS: @(#) $Id: aniwave.tcl,v 1.1 2004/11/07 22:41:11 dkf Exp $
+
+if {![info exists widgetDemo]} {
+ error "This script should be run from the \"widget\" demo."
+}
+
+set w .aniwave
+catch {destroy $w}
+toplevel $w
+wm title $w "Animated Wave Demonstration"
+wm iconname $w "aniwave"
+positionWindow $w
+
+label $w.msg -font $font -wraplength 4i -justify left -text "This demonstration contains a canvas widget with a line item inside it. The animation routines work by adjusting the coordinates list of the line; a trace on a variable is used so updates to the variable result in a change of position of the line."
+pack $w.msg -side top
+
+## See Code / Dismiss buttons
+set btns [addSeeDismiss $w.buttons $w]
+pack $btns -side bottom -fill x
+
+# Create a canvas large enough to hold the wave. In fact, the wave
+# sticks off both sides of the canvas to prevent visual glitches.
+pack [canvas $w.c -width 300 -height 200 -background black] -padx 10 -pady 10 -expand yes
+
+# Ensure that this this is an array
+array set animationCallbacks {}
+
+# Creates a coordinates list of a wave. This code does a very sketchy
+# job and relies on Tk's line smoothing to make things look better.
+set waveCoords {}
+for {set x -10} {$x<=300} {incr x 5} {
+ lappend waveCoords $x 100
+}
+lappend waveCoords $x 0 [incr x 5] 200
+
+# Create a smoothed line and arrange for its coordinates to be the
+# contents of the variable waveCoords.
+$w.c create line $waveCoords -tags wave -width 1 -fill green -smooth 1
+proc waveCoordsTracer {w args} {
+ global waveCoords
+ # Actual visual update will wait until we have finished
+ # processing; Tk does that for us automatically.
+ $w.c coords wave $waveCoords
+}
+trace add variable waveCoords write [list waveCoordsTracer $w]
+
+# Basic motion handler. Given what direction the wave is travelling
+# in, it advances the y coordinates in the coordinate-list one step in
+# that direction.
+proc basicMotion {} {
+ global waveCoords direction
+ set oc $waveCoords
+ for {set i 1} {$i<[llength $oc]} {incr i 2} {
+ if {$direction eq "left"} {
+ lset waveCoords $i [lindex $oc \
+ [expr {$i+2>[llength $oc] ? 1 : $i+2}]]
+ } else {
+ lset waveCoords $i \
+ [lindex $oc [expr {$i-2<0 ? "end" : $i-2}]]
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+# Oscillation handler. This detects whether to reverse the direction
+# of the wave by checking to see if the peak of the wave has moved off
+# the screen (whose size we know already.)
+proc reverser {} {
+ global waveCoords direction
+ if {[lindex $waveCoords 1] < 10} {
+ set direction "right"
+ } elseif {[lindex $waveCoords end] < 10} {
+ set direction "left"
+ }
+}
+
+# Main animation "loop". This calls the two procedures that handle the
+# movement repeatedly by scheduling asynchronous calls back to itself
+# using the [after] command. This procedure is the fundamental basis
+# for all animated effect handling in Tk.
+proc move {} {
+ basicMotion
+ reverser
+
+ # Theoretically 100 frames-per-second (==10ms between frames)
+ global animationCallbacks
+ set animationCallbacks(simpleWave) [after 10 move]
+}
+
+# Initialise our remaining animation variables
+set direction "left"
+set animateAfterCallback {}
+# Arrange for the animation loop to stop when the canvas is deleted
+bind $w.c <Destroy> {
+ after cancel $animationCallbacks(simpleWave)
+ unset animationCallbacks(simpleWave)
+}
+# Start the animation processing
+move
diff --git a/library/demos/pendulum.tcl b/library/demos/pendulum.tcl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c5bd55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/library/demos/pendulum.tcl
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+# pendulum.tcl --
+#
+# This demonstration illustrates how Tcl/Tk can be used to construct
+# simulations of physical systems.
+#
+# RCS: @(#) $Id: pendulum.tcl,v 1.1 2004/11/07 22:41:11 dkf Exp $
+
+if {![info exists widgetDemo]} {
+ error "This script should be run from the \"widget\" demo."
+}
+
+set w .pendulum
+catch {destroy $w}
+toplevel $w
+wm title . "Pendulum Animation Demonstration"
+wm iconname $w "pendulum"
+positionWindow $w
+
+label $w.msg -font $font -wraplength 4i -justify left -text "This demonstration shows how Tcl/Tk can be used to carry out animations that are linked to simulations of physical systems. In the left canvas is a graphical representation of the physical system itself, a simple pendulum, and in the right canvas is a graph of the phase space of the system, which is a plot of the angle (relative to the vertical) against the angular velocity. The pendulum bob may be repositioned by clicking and dragging anywhere on the left canvas."
+pack $w.msg
+
+## See Code / Dismiss buttons
+set btns [addSeeDismiss $w.buttons $w]
+pack $btns -side bottom -fill x
+
+# Create some structural widgets
+pack [panedwindow $w.p] -fill both -expand 1
+$w.p add [labelframe $w.p.l1 -text "Pendulum Simulation"]
+$w.p add [labelframe $w.p.l2 -text "Phase Space"]
+
+# Create the canvas containing the graphical representation of the
+# simulated system.
+canvas $w.c -width 320 -height 200 -background white -bd 2 -relief sunken
+$w.c create text 5 5 -anchor nw -text "Click to Adjust Bob Start Position"
+# Coordinates of these items don't matter; they will be set properly below
+$w.c create line 0 25 320 25 -width 2 -fill grey50 -tags plate
+$w.c create line 1 1 1 1 -tags pendulumRod -width 3 -fill black
+$w.c create oval 1 1 2 2 -tags pendulumBob -fill yellow -outline black
+$w.c create oval 155 20 165 30 -fill grey50 -outline {}
+pack $w.c -in $w.p.l1 -fill both -expand true
+
+# Create the canvas containing the phase space graph; this consists of
+# a line that gets gradually paler as it ages, which is an extremely
+# effective visual trick.
+canvas $w.k -width 320 -height 200 -background white -bd 2 -relief sunken
+$w.k create line 160 200 160 0 -fill grey75 -arrow last -tags y_axis
+$w.k create line 0 100 320 100 -fill grey75 -arrow last -tags x_axis
+for {set i 90} {$i>=0} {incr i -10} {
+ # Coordinates of these items don't matter; they will be set properly below
+ $w.k create line 0 0 1 1 -smooth true -tags graph$i -fill grey$i
+}
+# FIXME: UNICODE labels
+$w.k create text 0 0 -anchor ne -text "q" -font {Symbol 8} -tags label_theta
+$w.k create text 0 0 -anchor ne -text "dq" -font {Symbol 8} -tags label_dtheta
+pack $w.k -in $w.p.l2 -fill both -expand true
+
+# Initialize some variables
+set points {}
+set Theta 45.0
+set dTheta 0.0
+set pi 3.1415926535897933
+set length 150
+
+# This procedure makes the pendulum appear at the correct place on the
+# canvas. If the additional arguments "at $x $y" are passed (the 'at'
+# is really just syntactic sugar) instead of computing the position of
+# the pendulum from the length of the pendulum rod and its angle, the
+# length and angle are computed in reverse from the given location
+# (which is taken to be the centre of the pendulum bob.)
+proc showPendulum {canvas {at {}} {x {}} {y {}}} {
+ global Theta dTheta pi length
+ if {$at eq "at" && ($x!=160 || $y!=25)} {
+ set dTheta 0.0
+ set x2 [expr {$x-160}]
+ set y2 [expr {$y-25}]
+ set length [expr {hypot($x2,$y2)}]
+ set Theta [expr {atan2($x2,$y2)*180/$pi}]
+ } else {
+ set angle [expr {$Theta * $pi/180}]
+ set x [expr {160+$length*sin($angle)}]
+ set y [expr {25+$length*cos($angle)}]
+ }
+ $canvas coords pendulumRod 160 25 $x $y
+ $canvas coords pendulumBob \
+ [expr {$x-15}] [expr {$y-15}] [expr {$x+15}] [expr {$y+15}]
+}
+showPendulum $w.c
+
+# Update the phase-space graph according to the current angle and the
+# rate at which the angle is changing (the first derivative with
+# respect to time.)
+proc showPhase {canvas} {
+ global Theta dTheta points psw psh
+ lappend points [expr {$Theta+$psw}] [expr {-20*$dTheta+$psh}]
+ if {[llength $points] > 100} {
+ set points [lrange $points end-99 end]
+ }
+ for {set i 0} {$i<100} {incr i 10} {
+ set list [lrange $points end-[expr {$i-1}] end-[expr {$i-12}]]
+ if {[llength $list] >= 4} {
+ $canvas coords graph$i $list
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+# Set up some bindings on the canvases. Note that when the user
+# clicks we stop the animation until they release the mouse
+# button. Also note that both canvases are sensitive to <Configure>
+# events, which allows them to find out when they have been resized by
+# the user.
+bind $w.c <Destroy> {
+ after cancel $animationCallbacks(pendulum)
+ unset animationCallbacks(pendulum)
+}
+bind $w.c <1> {
+ after cancel $animationCallbacks(pendulum)
+ showPendulum %W at %x %y
+}
+bind $w.c <B1-Motion> {
+ showPendulum %W at %x %y
+}
+bind $w.c <ButtonRelease-1> {
+ showPendulum %W at %x %y
+ set animationCallbacks(pendulum) [after 15 repeat [winfo toplevel %W]]
+}
+bind $w.c <Configure> {
+ %W coords plate 0 25 %w 25
+}
+bind $w.k <Configure> {
+ set psh [expr %h/2]
+ set psw [expr %w/2]
+ %W coords x_axis 2 $psh [expr %w-2] $psh
+ %W coords y_axis $psw [expr %h-2] $psw 2
+ %W coords label_dtheta [expr $psw-4] 6
+ %W coords label_theta [expr %w-6] [expr $psh+4]
+}
+
+# This procedure is the "business" part of the simulation that does
+# simple numerical integration of the formula for a simple rotational
+# pendulum.
+proc recomputeAngle {} {
+ global Theta dTheta pi length
+ set scaling [expr {3000.0/$length/$length}]
+
+ # To estimate the integration accurately, we really need to
+ # compute the end-point of our time-step. But to do *that*, we
+ # need to estimate the integration accurately! So we try this
+ # technique, which is inaccurate, but better than doing it in a
+ # single step. What we really want is bound up in the
+ # differential equation:
+ # .. - sin theta
+ # theta + theta = -----------
+ # length
+ # But my math skills are not good enough to solve this!
+
+ # first estimate
+ set firstDDTheta [expr {-sin($Theta * $pi/180)*$scaling}]
+ set midDTheta [expr {$dTheta + $firstDDTheta}]
+ set midTheta [expr {$Theta + ($dTheta + $midDTheta)/2}]
+ # second estimate
+ set midDDTheta [expr {-sin($midTheta * $pi/180)*$scaling}]
+ set midDTheta [expr {$dTheta + ($firstDDTheta + $midDDTheta)/2}]
+ set midTheta [expr {$Theta + ($dTheta + $midDTheta)/2}]
+ # Now we do a double-estimate approach for getting the final value
+ # first estimate
+ set midDDTheta [expr {-sin($midTheta * $pi/180)*$scaling}]
+ set lastDTheta [expr {$midDTheta + $midDDTheta}]
+ set lastTheta [expr {$midTheta + ($midDTheta + $lastDTheta)/2}]
+ # second estimate
+ set lastDDTheta [expr {-sin($lastTheta * $pi/180)*$scaling}]
+ set lastDTheta [expr {$midDTheta + ($midDDTheta + $lastDDTheta)/2}]
+ set lastTheta [expr {$midTheta + ($midDTheta + $lastDTheta)/2}]
+ # Now put the values back in our globals
+ set dTheta $lastDTheta
+ set Theta $lastTheta
+}
+
+# This method ties together the simulation engine and the graphical
+# display code that visualizes it.
+proc repeat w {
+ global animationCallbacks
+
+ # Simulate
+ recomputeAngle
+
+ # Update the display
+ showPendulum $w.c
+ showPhase $w.k
+
+ # Reschedule ourselves
+ set animationCallbacks(pendulum) [after 15 [list repeat $w]]
+}
+# Start the simulation after a short pause
+set animationCallbacks(pendulum) [after 500 [list repeat $w]]
diff --git a/library/demos/widget b/library/demos/widget
index 36b9871..1924daa 100644
--- a/library/demos/widget
+++ b/library/demos/widget
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ exec wish "$0" "$@"
# ".tcl" files is this directory, which are sourced by this script
# as needed.
#
-# RCS: @(#) $Id: widget,v 1.25 2004/11/07 17:28:21 dkf Exp $
+# RCS: @(#) $Id: widget,v 1.26 2004/11/07 22:41:11 dkf Exp $
package require Tcl 8.5
package require Tk 8.5
@@ -329,6 +329,8 @@ addDemoSection "Common Dialogs" {
}
addDemoSection "Animation" {
anilabel "Animated labels"
+ aniwave "Animated wave"
+ pendulum "Pendulum simulation"
}
addDemoSection "Miscellaneous" {
bitmap "The built-in bitmaps"