GH-124483: Mark `Py_DECREF`, etc. as escaping for the JIT (GH-128678)

5 files changed, 90 insertions, 58 deletions

diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_opcode_metadata.h b/Include/internal/pycore_opcode_metadata.h
index 51d6e43..8c4182a 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_opcode_metadata.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_opcode_metadata.h
@@ -1985,7 +1985,7 @@ const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[266] = {
     [BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
     [BINARY_OP_ADD_INT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
     [BINARY_OP_ADD_UNICODE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
-    [BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
+    [BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
     [BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_INT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
     [BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
@@ -1995,8 +1995,8 @@ const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[266] = {
     [BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [BINARY_SUBSCR_GETITEM] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_DEOPT_FLAG },
     [BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_DEOPT_FLAG },
-    [BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_DEOPT_FLAG },
+    [BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [BUILD_LIST] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
     [BUILD_MAP] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [BUILD_SET] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
@@ -2006,7 +2006,7 @@ const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[266] = {
     [CACHE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, 0 },
     [CALL] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CALL_ALLOC_AND_ENTER_INIT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
+    [CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CALL_BOUND_METHOD_GENERAL] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CALL_BUILTIN_CLASS] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CALL_BUILTIN_FAST] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
@@ -2021,7 +2021,7 @@ const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[266] = {
     [CALL_KW_NON_PY] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CALL_KW_PY] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CALL_LEN] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [CALL_LIST_APPEND] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
+    [CALL_LIST_APPEND] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
@@ -2031,7 +2031,7 @@ const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[266] = {
     [CALL_PY_GENERAL] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CALL_STR_1] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CALL_TUPLE_1] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [CALL_TYPE_1] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG },
+    [CALL_TYPE_1] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CHECK_EG_MATCH] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CHECK_EXC_MATCH] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [CLEANUP_THROW] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
@@ -2054,8 +2054,8 @@ const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[266] = {
     [DICT_MERGE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [DICT_UPDATE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [END_ASYNC_FOR] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [END_FOR] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_NO_SAVE_IP_FLAG },
-    [END_SEND] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_PURE_FLAG },
+    [END_FOR] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG | HAS_NO_SAVE_IP_FLAG },
+    [END_SEND] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG | HAS_PURE_FLAG },
     [ENTER_EXECUTOR] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG },
     [EXIT_INIT_CHECK] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [EXTENDED_ARG] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG },
@@ -2063,9 +2063,9 @@ const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[266] = {
     [FORMAT_WITH_SPEC] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [FOR_ITER] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_JUMP_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [FOR_ITER_GEN] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG },
-    [FOR_ITER_LIST] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_JUMP_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
+    [FOR_ITER_LIST] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_JUMP_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [FOR_ITER_RANGE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_JUMP_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG },
-    [FOR_ITER_TUPLE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_JUMP_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
+    [FOR_ITER_TUPLE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_JUMP_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [GET_AITER] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [GET_ANEXT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [GET_AWAITABLE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
@@ -2086,10 +2086,10 @@ const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[266] = {
     [INSTRUMENTED_LINE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [INSTRUMENTED_LOAD_SUPER_ATTR] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, 0 },
     [INSTRUMENTED_NOT_TAKEN] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, 0 },
-    [INSTRUMENTED_POP_ITER] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, 0 },
+    [INSTRUMENTED_POP_ITER] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG },
-    [INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NONE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG },
-    [INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG },
+    [INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NONE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [INSTRUMENTED_POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG },
     [INSTRUMENTED_RESUME] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EVAL_BREAK_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [INSTRUMENTED_RETURN_VALUE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
@@ -2109,7 +2109,7 @@ const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[266] = {
     [LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
     [LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_NO_DICT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
     [LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_WITH_VALUES] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
-    [LOAD_ATTR_MODULE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG },
+    [LOAD_ATTR_MODULE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
     [LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_WITH_VALUES] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
     [LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC00000000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
@@ -2137,7 +2137,7 @@ const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[266] = {
     [LOAD_SUPER_ATTR] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_ATTR] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [LOAD_SUPER_ATTR_METHOD] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [MAKE_CELL] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_FREE_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG },
+    [MAKE_CELL] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_FREE_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [MAKE_FUNCTION] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [MAP_ADD] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [MATCH_CLASS] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
@@ -2169,19 +2169,19 @@ const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[266] = {
     [SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG },
     [SET_UPDATE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [STORE_ATTR] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC000, HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
-    [STORE_ATTR_SLOT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC000, HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
+    [STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC000, HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [STORE_ATTR_SLOT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC000, HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IBC000, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [STORE_DEREF] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_FREE_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [STORE_FAST] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_LOCAL_FLAG },
-    [STORE_FAST_LOAD_FAST] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_LOCAL_FLAG },
-    [STORE_FAST_STORE_FAST] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_LOCAL_FLAG },
+    [STORE_FAST] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [STORE_FAST_LOAD_FAST] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
+    [STORE_FAST_STORE_FAST] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [STORE_GLOBAL] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [STORE_NAME] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [STORE_SLICE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IX, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [STORE_SUBSCR] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [STORE_SUBSCR_DICT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
-    [STORE_SUBSCR_LIST_INT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_DEOPT_FLAG },
+    [STORE_SUBSCR_LIST_INT] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC, HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [SWAP] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IB, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_PURE_FLAG },
     [TO_BOOL] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC00, HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
     [TO_BOOL_ALWAYS_TRUE] = { true, INSTR_FMT_IXC00, HAS_EXIT_FLAG },
@@ -2209,7 +2209,7 @@ const struct opcode_metadata _PyOpcode_opcode_metadata[266] = {
     [SETUP_CLEANUP] = { true, -1, HAS_PURE_FLAG | HAS_ARG_FLAG },
     [SETUP_FINALLY] = { true, -1, HAS_PURE_FLAG | HAS_ARG_FLAG },
     [SETUP_WITH] = { true, -1, HAS_PURE_FLAG | HAS_ARG_FLAG },
-    [STORE_FAST_MAYBE_NULL] = { true, -1, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_LOCAL_FLAG },
+    [STORE_FAST_MAYBE_NULL] = { true, -1, HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG },
 };
 #endif
 
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_uop_metadata.h b/Include/internal/pycore_uop_metadata.h
index 942e5eb..70328a0 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_uop_metadata.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_uop_metadata.h
@@ -42,21 +42,21 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_LOAD_SMALL_INT_2] = 0,
     [_LOAD_SMALL_INT_3] = 0,
     [_LOAD_SMALL_INT] = HAS_ARG_FLAG,
-    [_STORE_FAST_0] = HAS_LOCAL_FLAG,
-    [_STORE_FAST_1] = HAS_LOCAL_FLAG,
-    [_STORE_FAST_2] = HAS_LOCAL_FLAG,
-    [_STORE_FAST_3] = HAS_LOCAL_FLAG,
-    [_STORE_FAST_4] = HAS_LOCAL_FLAG,
-    [_STORE_FAST_5] = HAS_LOCAL_FLAG,
-    [_STORE_FAST_6] = HAS_LOCAL_FLAG,
-    [_STORE_FAST_7] = HAS_LOCAL_FLAG,
-    [_STORE_FAST] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_LOCAL_FLAG,
-    [_STORE_FAST_LOAD_FAST] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_LOCAL_FLAG,
-    [_STORE_FAST_STORE_FAST] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_LOCAL_FLAG,
+    [_STORE_FAST_0] = HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_STORE_FAST_1] = HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_STORE_FAST_2] = HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_STORE_FAST_3] = HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_STORE_FAST_4] = HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_STORE_FAST_5] = HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_STORE_FAST_6] = HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_STORE_FAST_7] = HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_STORE_FAST] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_STORE_FAST_LOAD_FAST] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_STORE_FAST_STORE_FAST] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_POP_TOP] = HAS_PURE_FLAG,
     [_PUSH_NULL] = HAS_PURE_FLAG,
-    [_END_FOR] = HAS_NO_SAVE_IP_FLAG,
-    [_END_SEND] = HAS_PURE_FLAG,
+    [_END_FOR] = HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG | HAS_NO_SAVE_IP_FLAG,
+    [_END_SEND] = HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG | HAS_PURE_FLAG,
     [_UNARY_NEGATIVE] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_UNARY_NOT] = HAS_PURE_FLAG,
     [_TO_BOOL] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
@@ -81,20 +81,20 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_PURE_FLAG,
     [_GUARD_BOTH_UNICODE] = HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
     [_BINARY_OP_ADD_UNICODE] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_PURE_FLAG,
-    [_BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE] = HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG,
+    [_BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE] = HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_BINARY_SUBSCR] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_BINARY_SLICE] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_STORE_SLICE] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
-    [_BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
-    [_BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
+    [_BINARY_SUBSCR_STR_INT] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_BINARY_SUBSCR_CHECK_FUNC] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_BINARY_SUBSCR_INIT_CALL] = 0,
     [_LIST_APPEND] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG,
     [_SET_ADD] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_STORE_SUBSCR] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
-    [_STORE_SUBSCR_LIST_INT] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
+    [_STORE_SUBSCR_LIST_INT] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_STORE_SUBSCR_DICT] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_DELETE_SUBSCR] = HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CALL_INTRINSIC_1] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE_FROM_KEYS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTINS_FROM_KEYS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_DELETE_FAST] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_LOCAL_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
-    [_MAKE_CELL] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_FREE_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG,
+    [_MAKE_CELL] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_FREE_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_DELETE_DEREF] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_FREE_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_FREE_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_DEREF] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_FREE_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE_1] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_OPARG_AND_1_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_ATTR_MODULE_PUSH_KEYS] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
-    [_LOAD_ATTR_MODULE_FROM_KEYS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
+    [_LOAD_ATTR_MODULE_FROM_KEYS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_ATTR_WITH_HINT] = HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_ATTR_SLOT_0] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
@@ -167,9 +167,9 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_LOAD_ATTR_CLASS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_OPARG_AND_1_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY_FRAME] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_GUARD_DORV_NO_DICT] = HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
-    [_STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE] = 0,
+    [_STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE] = HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_NAME_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
-    [_STORE_ATTR_SLOT] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
+    [_STORE_ATTR_SLOT] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_COMPARE_OP] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_COMPARE_OP_FLOAT] = HAS_ARG_FLAG,
     [_COMPARE_OP_INT] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
@@ -212,16 +212,16 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_LOAD_ATTR_NONDESCRIPTOR_NO_DICT] = HAS_ARG_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT] = HAS_ARG_FLAG,
-    [_MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD] = HAS_ARG_FLAG,
+    [_MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_PY_FRAME_GENERAL] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION_INLINE] = HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_METHOD_VERSION] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
-    [_EXPAND_METHOD] = HAS_ARG_FLAG,
+    [_EXPAND_METHOD] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_IS_NOT_PY_CALLABLE] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
     [_CALL_NON_PY_GENERAL] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
-    [_INIT_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG,
+    [_INIT_CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_PEP_523] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_FUNCTION_EXACT_ARGS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_STACK_SPACE] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS_4] = HAS_PURE_FLAG,
     [_INIT_CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_PURE_FLAG,
     [_PUSH_FRAME] = 0,
-    [_CALL_TYPE_1] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
+    [_CALL_TYPE_1] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CALL_STR_1] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CALL_TUPLE_1] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_AND_ALLOCATE_OBJECT] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
@@ -244,16 +244,16 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_CALL_BUILTIN_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CALL_LEN] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CALL_ISINSTANCE] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
-    [_CALL_LIST_APPEND] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG,
+    [_CALL_LIST_APPEND] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
-    [_MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD_KW] = HAS_ARG_FLAG,
+    [_MAYBE_EXPAND_METHOD_KW] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_PY_FRAME_KW] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_FUNCTION_VERSION_KW] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_METHOD_VERSION_KW] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
-    [_EXPAND_METHOD_KW] = HAS_ARG_FLAG,
+    [_EXPAND_METHOD_KW] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_IS_NOT_PY_CALLABLE_KW] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
     [_CALL_KW_NON_PY] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_MAKE_CALLARGS_A_TUPLE] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_FLAG | HAS_ERROR_NO_POP_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
@@ -269,8 +269,8 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_SWAP] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_PURE_FLAG,
     [_GUARD_IS_TRUE_POP] = HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
     [_GUARD_IS_FALSE_POP] = HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
-    [_GUARD_IS_NONE_POP] = HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
-    [_GUARD_IS_NOT_NONE_POP] = HAS_EXIT_FLAG,
+    [_GUARD_IS_NONE_POP] = HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
+    [_GUARD_IS_NOT_NONE_POP] = HAS_EXIT_FLAG | HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_JUMP_TO_TOP] = 0,
     [_SET_IP] = 0,
     [_CHECK_STACK_SPACE_OPERAND] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_CHECK_VALIDITY] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_CONST_INLINE] = HAS_PURE_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_CONST_INLINE_BORROW] = HAS_PURE_FLAG,
-    [_POP_TOP_LOAD_CONST_INLINE_BORROW] = HAS_PURE_FLAG,
+    [_POP_TOP_LOAD_CONST_INLINE_BORROW] = HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG | HAS_PURE_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_CONST_INLINE_WITH_NULL] = HAS_PURE_FLAG,
     [_LOAD_CONST_INLINE_BORROW_WITH_NULL] = HAS_PURE_FLAG,
     [_CHECK_FUNCTION] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ const uint16_t _PyUop_Flags[MAX_UOP_ID+1] = {
     [_LOAD_ATTR_MODULE] = HAS_ARG_FLAG | HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
     [_INTERNAL_INCREMENT_OPT_COUNTER] = 0,
     [_DYNAMIC_EXIT] = HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
-    [_START_EXECUTOR] = 0,
+    [_START_EXECUTOR] = HAS_ESCAPES_FLAG,
     [_MAKE_WARM] = 0,
     [_FATAL_ERROR] = 0,
     [_CHECK_VALIDITY_AND_SET_IP] = HAS_DEOPT_FLAG,
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_opt.py b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_opt.py
index d847024..12542d8 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_capi/test_opt.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_capi/test_opt.py
@@ -1555,6 +1555,25 @@ class TestUopsOptimization(unittest.TestCase):
             with self.subTest(l=l, r=r, x=x, y=y):
                 script_helper.assert_python_ok("-c", s)
 
+    def test_decref_escapes(self):
+        class Convert9999ToNone:
+            def __del__(self):
+                ns = sys._getframe(1).f_locals
+                if ns["i"] == 9999:
+                    ns["i"] = None
+
+        def crash_addition():
+            try:
+                for i in range(10000):
+                    n = Convert9999ToNone()
+                    i + i  # Remove guards for i.
+                    n = None  # Change i.
+                    i + i  # This crashed when we didn't treat DECREF as escaping (gh-124483)
+            except TypeError:
+                pass
+
+        crash_addition()
+
 
 def global_identity(x):
     return x
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2025-01-09-11-46-57.gh-issue-124483.KRtBeQ.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2025-01-09-11-46-57.gh-issue-124483.KRtBeQ.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f2e726
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core_and_Builtins/2025-01-09-11-46-57.gh-issue-124483.KRtBeQ.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Treat ``Py_DECREF`` and variants as escaping when generating opcode and uop
+metadata. This prevents the possibility of a ``__del__`` method causing the JIT
+to behave incorrectly.
diff --git a/Tools/cases_generator/analyzer.py b/Tools/cases_generator/analyzer.py
index 679beca..4e1d472 100644
--- a/Tools/cases_generator/analyzer.py
+++ b/Tools/cases_generator/analyzer.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from typing import Optional
 @dataclass
 class Properties:
     escaping_calls: dict[lexer.Token, tuple[lexer.Token, lexer.Token]]
+    escapes: bool
     error_with_pop: bool
     error_without_pop: bool
     deopts: bool
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ class Properties:
             escaping_calls.update(p.escaping_calls)
         return Properties(
             escaping_calls=escaping_calls,
+            escapes = any(p.escapes for p in properties),
             error_with_pop=any(p.error_with_pop for p in properties),
             error_without_pop=any(p.error_without_pop for p in properties),
             deopts=any(p.deopts for p in properties),
@@ -68,12 +70,9 @@ class Properties:
     def infallible(self) -> bool:
         return not self.error_with_pop and not self.error_without_pop
 
-    @property
-    def escapes(self) -> bool:
-        return bool(self.escaping_calls)
-
 SKIP_PROPERTIES = Properties(
     escaping_calls={},
+    escapes=False,
     error_with_pop=False,
     error_without_pop=False,
     deopts=False,
@@ -815,8 +814,19 @@ def compute_properties(op: parser.InstDef) -> Properties:
         )
     error_with_pop = has_error_with_pop(op)
     error_without_pop = has_error_without_pop(op)
+    escapes = (
+        bool(escaping_calls) or
+        variable_used(op, "Py_DECREF") or
+        variable_used(op, "Py_XDECREF") or
+        variable_used(op, "Py_CLEAR") or
+        variable_used(op, "PyStackRef_CLOSE") or
+        variable_used(op, "PyStackRef_XCLOSE") or
+        variable_used(op, "PyStackRef_CLEAR") or
+        variable_used(op, "SETLOCAL")
+    )
     return Properties(
         escaping_calls=escaping_calls,
+        escapes=escapes,
         error_with_pop=error_with_pop,
         error_without_pop=error_without_pop,
         deopts=deopts_if,