bpo-33710: Deprecate l*gettext() and related functions in the gettext module. (GH-10139)

They return encoded bytes and are Python 2 artifacts.

5 files changed, 233 insertions, 67 deletions

diff --git a/Doc/library/gettext.rst b/Doc/library/gettext.rst
index 93748a2..0a9456a 100644
--- a/Doc/library/gettext.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/gettext.rst
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ class-based API instead.
    and :func:`ldngettext` functions.
    If *codeset* is omitted, then the current binding is returned.
 
+   .. deprecated-removed:: 3.8 3.10
+
 
 .. function:: textdomain(domain=None)
 
@@ -112,9 +114,9 @@ class-based API instead.
       Unicode strings instead, since most Python applications will want to
       manipulate human readable text as strings instead of bytes.  Further,
       it's possible that you may get unexpected Unicode-related exceptions
-      if there are encoding problems with the translated strings.  It is
-      possible that the ``l*()`` functions will be deprecated in future Python
-      versions due to their inherent problems and limitations.
+      if there are encoding problems with the translated strings.
+
+   .. deprecated-removed:: 3.8 3.10
 
 
 Note that GNU :program:`gettext` also defines a :func:`dcgettext` method, but
@@ -192,6 +194,9 @@ class can also install themselves in the built-in namespace as the function
    .. versionchanged:: 3.3
       :exc:`IOError` used to be raised instead of :exc:`OSError`.
 
+   .. deprecated-removed:: 3.8 3.10
+      The *codeset* parameter.
+
 
 .. function:: install(domain, localedir=None, codeset=None, names=None)
 
@@ -212,6 +217,9 @@ class can also install themselves in the built-in namespace as the function
    builtins namespace, so it is easily accessible in all modules of your
    application.
 
+   .. deprecated-removed:: 3.8 3.10
+      The *codeset* parameter.
+
 
 The :class:`NullTranslations` class
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -272,6 +280,8 @@ are the methods of :class:`!NullTranslations`:
          These methods should be avoided in Python 3.  See the warning for the
          :func:`lgettext` function.
 
+      .. deprecated-removed:: 3.8 3.10
+
 
    .. method:: info()
 
@@ -288,11 +298,15 @@ are the methods of :class:`!NullTranslations`:
       Return the encoding used to return translated messages in :meth:`.lgettext`
       and :meth:`.lngettext`.
 
+      .. deprecated-removed:: 3.8 3.10
+
 
    .. method:: set_output_charset(charset)
 
       Change the encoding used to return translated messages.
 
+      .. deprecated-removed:: 3.8 3.10
+
 
    .. method:: install(names=None)
 
@@ -393,6 +407,8 @@ unexpected, or if other problems occur while reading the file, instantiating a
          These methods should be avoided in Python 3.  See the warning for the
          :func:`lgettext` function.
 
+      .. deprecated-removed:: 3.8 3.10
+
 
 Solaris message catalog support
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.8.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.8.rst
index a094921..05b7d23 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.8.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.8.rst
@@ -295,6 +295,23 @@ Deprecated
   versions. :class:`~ast.Constant` should be used instead.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`32892`.)
 
+* The following functions and methods are deprecated in the :mod:`gettext`
+  module: :func:`~gettext.lgettext`, :func:`~gettext.ldgettext`,
+  :func:`~gettext.lngettext` and :func:`~gettext.ldngettext`.
+  They return encoded bytes, and it's possible that you will get unexpected
+  Unicode-related exceptions if there are encoding problems with the
+  translated strings. It's much better to use alternatives which return
+  Unicode strings in Python 3. These functions have been broken for a long time.
+
+  Function :func:`~gettext.bind_textdomain_codeset`, methods
+  :meth:`~gettext.NullTranslations.output_charset` and
+  :meth:`~gettext.NullTranslations.set_output_charset`, and the *codeset*
+  parameter of functions :func:`~gettext.translation` and
+  :func:`~gettext.install` are also deprecated, since they are only used for
+  for the ``l*gettext()`` functions.
+
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`33710`.)
+
 
 Removed
 =======
diff --git a/Lib/gettext.py b/Lib/gettext.py
index 4c3b80b..920742c 100644
--- a/Lib/gettext.py
+++ b/Lib/gettext.py
@@ -274,8 +274,14 @@ class NullTranslations:
         return message
 
     def lgettext(self, message):
+        import warnings
+        warnings.warn('lgettext() is deprecated, use gettext() instead',
+                      DeprecationWarning, 2)
         if self._fallback:
-            return self._fallback.lgettext(message)
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', r'.*\blgettext\b.*',
+                                        DeprecationWarning)
+                return self._fallback.lgettext(message)
         if self._output_charset:
             return message.encode(self._output_charset)
         return message.encode(locale.getpreferredencoding())
@@ -289,8 +295,14 @@ class NullTranslations:
             return msgid2
 
     def lngettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):
+        import warnings
+        warnings.warn('lngettext() is deprecated, use ngettext() instead',
+                      DeprecationWarning, 2)
         if self._fallback:
-            return self._fallback.lngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', r'.*\blngettext\b.*',
+                                        DeprecationWarning)
+                return self._fallback.lngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)
         if n == 1:
             tmsg = msgid1
         else:
@@ -306,9 +318,15 @@ class NullTranslations:
         return self._charset
 
     def output_charset(self):
+        import warnings
+        warnings.warn('output_charset() is deprecated',
+                      DeprecationWarning, 2)
         return self._output_charset
 
     def set_output_charset(self, charset):
+        import warnings
+        warnings.warn('set_output_charset() is deprecated',
+                      DeprecationWarning, 2)
         self._output_charset = charset
 
     def install(self, names=None):
@@ -424,6 +442,9 @@ class GNUTranslations(NullTranslations):
             transidx += 8
 
     def lgettext(self, message):
+        import warnings
+        warnings.warn('lgettext() is deprecated, use gettext() instead',
+                      DeprecationWarning, 2)
         missing = object()
         tmsg = self._catalog.get(message, missing)
         if tmsg is missing:
@@ -435,6 +456,9 @@ class GNUTranslations(NullTranslations):
         return tmsg.encode(locale.getpreferredencoding())
 
     def lngettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):
+        import warnings
+        warnings.warn('lngettext() is deprecated, use ngettext() instead',
+                      DeprecationWarning, 2)
         try:
             tmsg = self._catalog[(msgid1, self.plural(n))]
         except KeyError:
@@ -510,9 +534,10 @@ def find(domain, localedir=None, languages=None, all=False):
 
 # a mapping between absolute .mo file path and Translation object
 _translations = {}
+_unspecified = ['unspecified']
 
 def translation(domain, localedir=None, languages=None,
-                class_=None, fallback=False, codeset=None):
+                class_=None, fallback=False, codeset=_unspecified):
     if class_ is None:
         class_ = GNUTranslations
     mofiles = find(domain, localedir, languages, all=True)
@@ -538,8 +563,15 @@ def translation(domain, localedir=None, languages=None,
         # are not used.
         import copy
         t = copy.copy(t)
-        if codeset:
-            t.set_output_charset(codeset)
+        if codeset is not _unspecified:
+            import warnings
+            warnings.warn('parameter codeset is deprecated',
+                          DeprecationWarning, 2)
+            if codeset:
+                with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                    warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', r'.*\bset_output_charset\b.*',
+                                            DeprecationWarning)
+                    t.set_output_charset(codeset)
         if result is None:
             result = t
         else:
@@ -547,7 +579,7 @@ def translation(domain, localedir=None, languages=None,
     return result
 
 
-def install(domain, localedir=None, codeset=None, names=None):
+def install(domain, localedir=None, codeset=_unspecified, names=None):
     t = translation(domain, localedir, fallback=True, codeset=codeset)
     t.install(names)
 
@@ -576,6 +608,9 @@ def bindtextdomain(domain, localedir=None):
 
 
 def bind_textdomain_codeset(domain, codeset=None):
+    import warnings
+    warnings.warn('bind_textdomain_codeset() is deprecated',
+                  DeprecationWarning, 2)
     global _localecodesets
     if codeset is not None:
         _localecodesets[domain] = codeset
@@ -584,24 +619,31 @@ def bind_textdomain_codeset(domain, codeset=None):
 
 def dgettext(domain, message):
     try:
-        t = translation(domain, _localedirs.get(domain, None),
-                        codeset=_localecodesets.get(domain))
+        t = translation(domain, _localedirs.get(domain, None))
     except OSError:
         return message
     return t.gettext(message)
 
 def ldgettext(domain, message):
+    import warnings
+    warnings.warn('ldgettext() is deprecated, use dgettext() instead',
+                  DeprecationWarning, 2)
     codeset = _localecodesets.get(domain)
     try:
-        t = translation(domain, _localedirs.get(domain, None), codeset=codeset)
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', r'.*\bparameter codeset\b.*',
+                                    DeprecationWarning)
+            t = translation(domain, _localedirs.get(domain, None), codeset=codeset)
     except OSError:
         return message.encode(codeset or locale.getpreferredencoding())
-    return t.lgettext(message)
+    with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', r'.*\blgettext\b.*',
+                                DeprecationWarning)
+        return t.lgettext(message)
 
 def dngettext(domain, msgid1, msgid2, n):
     try:
-        t = translation(domain, _localedirs.get(domain, None),
-                        codeset=_localecodesets.get(domain))
+        t = translation(domain, _localedirs.get(domain, None))
     except OSError:
         if n == 1:
             return msgid1
@@ -610,28 +652,49 @@ def dngettext(domain, msgid1, msgid2, n):
     return t.ngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)
 
 def ldngettext(domain, msgid1, msgid2, n):
+    import warnings
+    warnings.warn('ldngettext() is deprecated, use dngettext() instead',
+                  DeprecationWarning, 2)
     codeset = _localecodesets.get(domain)
     try:
-        t = translation(domain, _localedirs.get(domain, None), codeset=codeset)
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', r'.*\bparameter codeset\b.*',
+                                    DeprecationWarning)
+            t = translation(domain, _localedirs.get(domain, None), codeset=codeset)
     except OSError:
         if n == 1:
             tmsg = msgid1
         else:
             tmsg = msgid2
         return tmsg.encode(codeset or locale.getpreferredencoding())
-    return t.lngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)
+    with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', r'.*\blngettext\b.*',
+                                DeprecationWarning)
+        return t.lngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)
 
 def gettext(message):
     return dgettext(_current_domain, message)
 
 def lgettext(message):
-    return ldgettext(_current_domain, message)
+    import warnings
+    warnings.warn('lgettext() is deprecated, use gettext() instead',
+                  DeprecationWarning, 2)
+    with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', r'.*\bldgettext\b.*',
+                                DeprecationWarning)
+        return ldgettext(_current_domain, message)
 
 def ngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n):
     return dngettext(_current_domain, msgid1, msgid2, n)
 
 def lngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n):
-    return ldngettext(_current_domain, msgid1, msgid2, n)
+    import warnings
+    warnings.warn('lngettext() is deprecated, use ngettext() instead',
+                  DeprecationWarning, 2)
+    with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', r'.*\bldngettext\b.*',
+                                DeprecationWarning)
+        return ldngettext(_current_domain, msgid1, msgid2, n)
 
 # dcgettext() has been deemed unnecessary and is not implemented.
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_gettext.py b/Lib/test/test_gettext.py
index b5ed05e..bbad102 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_gettext.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_gettext.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import os
 import base64
+import contextlib
 import gettext
 import locale
 import unittest
@@ -461,116 +462,174 @@ class LGettextTestCase(GettextBaseTest):
         GettextBaseTest.setUp(self)
         self.mofile = MOFILE
 
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def assertDeprecated(self, name):
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning,
+                                   fr'^{name}\(\) is deprecated'):
+            yield
+
     def test_lgettext(self):
         lgettext = gettext.lgettext
         ldgettext = gettext.ldgettext
-        self.assertEqual(lgettext('mullusk'), b'bacon')
-        self.assertEqual(lgettext('spam'), b'spam')
-        self.assertEqual(ldgettext('gettext', 'mullusk'), b'bacon')
-        self.assertEqual(ldgettext('gettext', 'spam'), b'spam')
+        with self.assertDeprecated('lgettext'):
+            self.assertEqual(lgettext('mullusk'), b'bacon')
+        with self.assertDeprecated('lgettext'):
+            self.assertEqual(lgettext('spam'), b'spam')
+        with self.assertDeprecated('ldgettext'):
+            self.assertEqual(ldgettext('gettext', 'mullusk'), b'bacon')
+        with self.assertDeprecated('ldgettext'):
+            self.assertEqual(ldgettext('gettext', 'spam'), b'spam')
 
     def test_lgettext_2(self):
         with open(self.mofile, 'rb') as fp:
             t = gettext.GNUTranslations(fp)
         lgettext = t.lgettext
-        self.assertEqual(lgettext('mullusk'), b'bacon')
-        self.assertEqual(lgettext('spam'), b'spam')
+        with self.assertDeprecated('lgettext'):
+            self.assertEqual(lgettext('mullusk'), b'bacon')
+        with self.assertDeprecated('lgettext'):
+            self.assertEqual(lgettext('spam'), b'spam')
 
     def test_lgettext_bind_textdomain_codeset(self):
         lgettext = gettext.lgettext
         ldgettext = gettext.ldgettext
-        saved_codeset = gettext.bind_textdomain_codeset('gettext')
+        with self.assertDeprecated('bind_textdomain_codeset'):
+            saved_codeset = gettext.bind_textdomain_codeset('gettext')
         try:
-            gettext.bind_textdomain_codeset('gettext', 'utf-16')
-            self.assertEqual(lgettext('mullusk'), 'bacon'.encode('utf-16'))
-            self.assertEqual(lgettext('spam'), 'spam'.encode('utf-16'))
-            self.assertEqual(ldgettext('gettext', 'mullusk'), 'bacon'.encode('utf-16'))
-            self.assertEqual(ldgettext('gettext', 'spam'), 'spam'.encode('utf-16'))
+            with self.assertDeprecated('bind_textdomain_codeset'):
+                gettext.bind_textdomain_codeset('gettext', 'utf-16')
+            with self.assertDeprecated('lgettext'):
+                self.assertEqual(lgettext('mullusk'), 'bacon'.encode('utf-16'))
+            with self.assertDeprecated('lgettext'):
+                self.assertEqual(lgettext('spam'), 'spam'.encode('utf-16'))
+            with self.assertDeprecated('ldgettext'):
+                self.assertEqual(ldgettext('gettext', 'mullusk'), 'bacon'.encode('utf-16'))
+            with self.assertDeprecated('ldgettext'):
+                self.assertEqual(ldgettext('gettext', 'spam'), 'spam'.encode('utf-16'))
         finally:
             del gettext._localecodesets['gettext']
-            gettext.bind_textdomain_codeset('gettext', saved_codeset)
+            with self.assertDeprecated('bind_textdomain_codeset'):
+                gettext.bind_textdomain_codeset('gettext', saved_codeset)
 
     def test_lgettext_output_encoding(self):
         with open(self.mofile, 'rb') as fp:
             t = gettext.GNUTranslations(fp)
         lgettext = t.lgettext
-        t.set_output_charset('utf-16')
-        self.assertEqual(lgettext('mullusk'), 'bacon'.encode('utf-16'))
-        self.assertEqual(lgettext('spam'), 'spam'.encode('utf-16'))
+        with self.assertDeprecated('set_output_charset'):
+            t.set_output_charset('utf-16')
+        with self.assertDeprecated('lgettext'):
+            self.assertEqual(lgettext('mullusk'), 'bacon'.encode('utf-16'))
+        with self.assertDeprecated('lgettext'):
+            self.assertEqual(lgettext('spam'), 'spam'.encode('utf-16'))
 
     def test_lngettext(self):
         lngettext = gettext.lngettext
         ldngettext = gettext.ldngettext
-        x = lngettext('There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 1)
+        with self.assertDeprecated('lngettext'):
+            x = lngettext('There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 1)
         self.assertEqual(x, b'Hay %s fichero')
-        x = lngettext('There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 2)
+        with self.assertDeprecated('lngettext'):
+            x = lngettext('There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 2)
         self.assertEqual(x, b'Hay %s ficheros')
-        x = lngettext('There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 1)
+        with self.assertDeprecated('lngettext'):
+            x = lngettext('There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 1)
         self.assertEqual(x, b'There is %s directory')
-        x = lngettext('There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 2)
+        with self.assertDeprecated('lngettext'):
+            x = lngettext('There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 2)
         self.assertEqual(x, b'There are %s directories')
-        x = ldngettext('gettext', 'There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 1)
+        with self.assertDeprecated('ldngettext'):
+            x = ldngettext('gettext', 'There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 1)
         self.assertEqual(x, b'Hay %s fichero')
-        x = ldngettext('gettext', 'There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 2)
+        with self.assertDeprecated('ldngettext'):
+            x = ldngettext('gettext', 'There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 2)
         self.assertEqual(x, b'Hay %s ficheros')
-        x = ldngettext('gettext', 'There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 1)
+        with self.assertDeprecated('ldngettext'):
+            x = ldngettext('gettext', 'There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 1)
         self.assertEqual(x, b'There is %s directory')
-        x = ldngettext('gettext', 'There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 2)
+        with self.assertDeprecated('ldngettext'):
+            x = ldngettext('gettext', 'There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 2)
         self.assertEqual(x, b'There are %s directories')
 
     def test_lngettext_2(self):
         with open(self.mofile, 'rb') as fp:
             t = gettext.GNUTranslations(fp)
         lngettext = t.lngettext
-        x = lngettext('There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 1)
+        with self.assertDeprecated('lngettext'):
+            x = lngettext('There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 1)
         self.assertEqual(x, b'Hay %s fichero')
-        x = lngettext('There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 2)
+        with self.assertDeprecated('lngettext'):
+            x = lngettext('There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 2)
         self.assertEqual(x, b'Hay %s ficheros')
-        x = lngettext('There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 1)
+        with self.assertDeprecated('lngettext'):
+            x = lngettext('There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 1)
         self.assertEqual(x, b'There is %s directory')
-        x = lngettext('There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 2)
+        with self.assertDeprecated('lngettext'):
+            x = lngettext('There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 2)
         self.assertEqual(x, b'There are %s directories')
 
     def test_lngettext_bind_textdomain_codeset(self):
         lngettext = gettext.lngettext
         ldngettext = gettext.ldngettext
-        saved_codeset = gettext.bind_textdomain_codeset('gettext')
+        with self.assertDeprecated('bind_textdomain_codeset'):
+            saved_codeset = gettext.bind_textdomain_codeset('gettext')
         try:
-            gettext.bind_textdomain_codeset('gettext', 'utf-16')
-            x = lngettext('There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 1)
+            with self.assertDeprecated('bind_textdomain_codeset'):
+                gettext.bind_textdomain_codeset('gettext', 'utf-16')
+            with self.assertDeprecated('lngettext'):
+                x = lngettext('There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 1)
             self.assertEqual(x, 'Hay %s fichero'.encode('utf-16'))
-            x = lngettext('There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 2)
+            with self.assertDeprecated('lngettext'):
+                x = lngettext('There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 2)
             self.assertEqual(x, 'Hay %s ficheros'.encode('utf-16'))
-            x = lngettext('There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 1)
+            with self.assertDeprecated('lngettext'):
+                x = lngettext('There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 1)
             self.assertEqual(x, 'There is %s directory'.encode('utf-16'))
-            x = lngettext('There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 2)
+            with self.assertDeprecated('lngettext'):
+                x = lngettext('There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 2)
             self.assertEqual(x, 'There are %s directories'.encode('utf-16'))
-            x = ldngettext('gettext', 'There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 1)
+            with self.assertDeprecated('ldngettext'):
+                x = ldngettext('gettext', 'There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 1)
             self.assertEqual(x, 'Hay %s fichero'.encode('utf-16'))
-            x = ldngettext('gettext', 'There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 2)
+            with self.assertDeprecated('ldngettext'):
+                x = ldngettext('gettext', 'There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 2)
             self.assertEqual(x, 'Hay %s ficheros'.encode('utf-16'))
-            x = ldngettext('gettext', 'There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 1)
+            with self.assertDeprecated('ldngettext'):
+                x = ldngettext('gettext', 'There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 1)
             self.assertEqual(x, 'There is %s directory'.encode('utf-16'))
-            x = ldngettext('gettext', 'There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 2)
+            with self.assertDeprecated('ldngettext'):
+                x = ldngettext('gettext', 'There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 2)
             self.assertEqual(x, 'There are %s directories'.encode('utf-16'))
         finally:
             del gettext._localecodesets['gettext']
-            gettext.bind_textdomain_codeset('gettext', saved_codeset)
+            with self.assertDeprecated('bind_textdomain_codeset'):
+                gettext.bind_textdomain_codeset('gettext', saved_codeset)
 
     def test_lngettext_output_encoding(self):
         with open(self.mofile, 'rb') as fp:
             t = gettext.GNUTranslations(fp)
         lngettext = t.lngettext
-        t.set_output_charset('utf-16')
-        x = lngettext('There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 1)
+        with self.assertDeprecated('set_output_charset'):
+            t.set_output_charset('utf-16')
+        with self.assertDeprecated('lngettext'):
+            x = lngettext('There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 1)
         self.assertEqual(x, 'Hay %s fichero'.encode('utf-16'))
-        x = lngettext('There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 2)
+        with self.assertDeprecated('lngettext'):
+            x = lngettext('There is %s file', 'There are %s files', 2)
         self.assertEqual(x, 'Hay %s ficheros'.encode('utf-16'))
-        x = lngettext('There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 1)
+        with self.assertDeprecated('lngettext'):
+            x = lngettext('There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 1)
         self.assertEqual(x, 'There is %s directory'.encode('utf-16'))
-        x = lngettext('There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 2)
+        with self.assertDeprecated('lngettext'):
+            x = lngettext('There is %s directory', 'There are %s directories', 2)
         self.assertEqual(x, 'There are %s directories'.encode('utf-16'))
 
+    def test_output_encoding(self):
+        with open(self.mofile, 'rb') as fp:
+            t = gettext.GNUTranslations(fp)
+        with self.assertDeprecated('set_output_charset'):
+            t.set_output_charset('utf-16')
+        with self.assertDeprecated('output_charset'):
+            self.assertEqual(t.output_charset(), 'utf-16')
+
 
 class GNUTranslationParsingTest(GettextBaseTest):
     def test_plural_form_error_issue17898(self):
@@ -642,6 +701,16 @@ class GettextCacheTestCase(GettextBaseTest):
         self.assertEqual(len(gettext._translations), 2)
         self.assertEqual(t.__class__, DummyGNUTranslations)
 
+        # Test deprecated parameter codeset
+        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, 'parameter codeset'):
+            t = gettext.translation('gettext', self.localedir,
+                                    class_=DummyGNUTranslations,
+                                    codeset='utf-16')
+        self.assertEqual(len(gettext._translations), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(t.__class__, DummyGNUTranslations)
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            self.assertEqual(t.output_charset(), 'utf-16')
+
 
 class MiscTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test__all__(self):
@@ -649,11 +718,8 @@ class MiscTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         support.check__all__(self, gettext, blacklist=blacklist)
 
 
-def test_main():
-    support.run_unittest(__name__)
-
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    test_main()
+    unittest.main()
 
 
 # For reference, here's the .po file used to created the GNU_MO_DATA above.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2018-10-26-21-12-55.bpo-33710.Q5oXc6.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2018-10-26-21-12-55.bpo-33710.Q5oXc6.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25f0f87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2018-10-26-21-12-55.bpo-33710.Q5oXc6.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Deprecated ``l*gettext()`` functions and methods in the :mod:`gettext`
+module. They return encoded bytes instead of Unicode strings and are
+artifacts from Python 2 times. Also deprecated functions and methods related
+to setting the charset for ``l*gettext()`` functions and methods.