Merge branch '4.7' of scm.dev.nokia.troll.no:qt/oslo-staging-1 into os1-4.7

102 files changed, 21110 insertions, 799 deletions

diff --git a/doc/src/howtos/openvg.qdoc b/doc/src/howtos/openvg.qdoc
index 9c805bb..f70ed54 100644
--- a/doc/src/howtos/openvg.qdoc
+++ b/doc/src/howtos/openvg.qdoc
@@ -295,6 +295,16 @@
     Convolution, colorize, drop shadow, and blur filters are accelerated
     using OpenVG operations.
 
+    \section2 Scrolling
+
+    By default, accelerated scrolling is not enabled because the impact on
+    performance is very much tied to the hardware platform. To enable
+    accelerated scrolling, you should ensure that QVG_BUFFER_SCROLLING is
+    defined when compiling the QtOpenVG module.
+
+    You should only enable this feature if vgCopyPixels() is known to be
+    efficient on your hardware platform.
+
     \section1 Known issues
 
     Performance of copying the contents of an OpenVG-rendered window to the
diff --git a/doc/src/platforms/emb-openvg.qdocinc b/doc/src/platforms/emb-openvg.qdocinc
index 37ccb9c..2f9cc21 100644
--- a/doc/src/platforms/emb-openvg.qdocinc
+++ b/doc/src/platforms/emb-openvg.qdocinc
@@ -259,6 +259,12 @@ at present.
         \o Convolution, colorize, drop shadow, and blur filters are
 accelerated using OpenVG operations.
 
+    \row
+        \o Scrolling
+        \o Accelerated scrolling is implemented but disabled by default
+unless QVG_BUFFER_SCROLLING is defined. This should only be enabled on
+OpenVG engines where vgCopyPixels() is known to be efficient.
+
 \endtable
 
 \section2 Known issues
diff --git a/qmake/project.cpp b/qmake/project.cpp
index 764264f..b604453 100644
--- a/qmake/project.cpp
+++ b/qmake/project.cpp
@@ -1245,8 +1245,7 @@ QMakeProject::read(const QString &file, QMap<QString, QStringList> &place)
     reset();
 
     const QString oldpwd = qmake_getpwd();
-    QString filename = Option::fixPathToLocalOS(file);
-    doVariableReplace(filename, place);
+    QString filename = Option::fixPathToLocalOS(file, false);
     bool ret = false, using_stdin = false;
     QFile qfile;
     if(!strcmp(filename.toLatin1(), "-")) {
@@ -2516,8 +2515,6 @@ QMakeProject::doProjectTest(QString func, QList<QStringList> args_list, QMap<QSt
     case T_BREAK:
         if(iterator)
             iterator->cause_break = true;
-        else if(!scope_blocks.isEmpty())
-            scope_blocks.top().ignore = true;
         else
             fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d unexpected break()\n",
                     parser.file.toLatin1().constData(), parser.line_no);
diff --git a/src/3rdparty/harfbuzz/src/harfbuzz-indic.cpp b/src/3rdparty/harfbuzz/src/harfbuzz-indic.cpp
index 3c9df93..4d8418b 100644
--- a/src/3rdparty/harfbuzz/src/harfbuzz-indic.cpp
+++ b/src/3rdparty/harfbuzz/src/harfbuzz-indic.cpp
@@ -1107,6 +1107,7 @@ static inline void splitMatra(unsigned short *reordered, int matra, int &len)
 
 #ifndef NO_OPENTYPE
 static const HB_OpenTypeFeature indic_features[] = {
+    { HB_MAKE_TAG('l', 'o', 'c', 'a'), LocaProperty },
     { HB_MAKE_TAG('c', 'c', 'm', 'p'), CcmpProperty },
     { HB_MAKE_TAG('i', 'n', 'i', 't'), InitProperty },
     { HB_MAKE_TAG('n', 'u', 'k', 't'), NuktaProperty },
@@ -1115,12 +1116,14 @@ static const HB_OpenTypeFeature indic_features[] = {
     { HB_MAKE_TAG('b', 'l', 'w', 'f'), BelowFormProperty },
     { HB_MAKE_TAG('h', 'a', 'l', 'f'), HalfFormProperty },
     { HB_MAKE_TAG('p', 's', 't', 'f'), PostFormProperty },
+    { HB_MAKE_TAG('c', 'j', 'c', 't'), ConjunctFormProperty },
     { HB_MAKE_TAG('v', 'a', 't', 'u'), VattuProperty },
     { HB_MAKE_TAG('p', 'r', 'e', 's'), PreSubstProperty },
     { HB_MAKE_TAG('b', 'l', 'w', 's'), BelowSubstProperty },
     { HB_MAKE_TAG('a', 'b', 'v', 's'), AboveSubstProperty },
     { HB_MAKE_TAG('p', 's', 't', 's'), PostSubstProperty },
     { HB_MAKE_TAG('h', 'a', 'l', 'n'), HalantProperty },
+    { HB_MAKE_TAG('c', 'a', 'l', 't'), IndicCaltProperty },
     { 0, 0 }
 };
 #endif
@@ -1148,6 +1151,8 @@ static QString propertiesToString(int properties)
 {
     QString res;
     properties = ~properties;
+    if (properties & LocaProperty)
+        res += "Loca ";
     if (properties & CcmpProperty)
         res += "Ccmp ";
     if (properties & InitProperty)
@@ -1168,6 +1173,8 @@ static QString propertiesToString(int properties)
         res += "HalfForm ";
     if (properties & PostFormProperty)
         res += "PostForm ";
+    if (properties & ConjunctFormProperty)
+        res += "PostForm ";
     if (properties & VattuProperty)
         res += "Vattu ";
     if (properties & PreSubstProperty)
@@ -1182,6 +1189,8 @@ static QString propertiesToString(int properties)
         res += "Halant ";
     if (properties & CligProperty)
         res += "Clig ";
+    if (properties & IndicCaltProperty)
+        res += "Calt ";
     return res;
 }
 #endif
@@ -1296,10 +1305,15 @@ static bool indic_shape_syllable(HB_Bool openType, HB_ShaperItem *item, bool inv
             }
             int skipped = 0;
             Position pos = Post;
-            for (i = len-1; i > base; i--) {
+            for (i = len-1; i >= base; i--) {
                 if (position[i] != Consonant && (position[i] != Control || script == HB_Script_Kannada))
                     continue;
 
+                if (i < len-1 && position[i] == Control && position[i+1] == Consonant) {
+                    base = i+1;
+                    break;
+                }
+
                 Position charPosition = indic_position(uc[i]);
                 if (pos == Post && charPosition == Post) {
                     pos = Post;
@@ -1545,16 +1559,20 @@ static bool indic_shape_syllable(HB_Bool openType, HB_ShaperItem *item, bool inv
 
         // features we should always apply
         for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
-            properties[i] = ~(CcmpProperty
+            properties[i] = ~(LocaProperty
+                              | CcmpProperty
                               | NuktaProperty
                               | VattuProperty
+                              | ConjunctFormProperty
                               | PreSubstProperty
                               | BelowSubstProperty
                               | AboveSubstProperty
                               | PostSubstProperty
                               | HalantProperty
+                              | IndicCaltProperty
                               | PositioningProperties);
 
+        // Loca always applies
         // Ccmp always applies
         // Init
         if (item->item.pos == 0
@@ -1611,6 +1629,7 @@ static bool indic_shape_syllable(HB_Bool openType, HB_ShaperItem *item, bool inv
         // abvs always applies
         // psts always applies
         // halant always applies
+        // calt always applies
 
 #ifdef INDIC_DEBUG
 //        {
diff --git a/src/3rdparty/harfbuzz/src/harfbuzz-shaper-private.h b/src/3rdparty/harfbuzz/src/harfbuzz-shaper-private.h
index 11ed753..e1360c7 100644
--- a/src/3rdparty/harfbuzz/src/harfbuzz-shaper-private.h
+++ b/src/3rdparty/harfbuzz/src/harfbuzz-shaper-private.h
@@ -57,34 +57,37 @@ typedef enum
 } HB_CombiningClass;
 
 typedef enum {
-    CcmpProperty = 0x1,
-    InitProperty = 0x2,
-    IsolProperty = 0x4,
-    FinaProperty = 0x8,
-    MediProperty = 0x10,
-    RligProperty = 0x20,
-    CaltProperty = 0x40,
-    LigaProperty = 0x80,
-    DligProperty = 0x100,
-    CswhProperty = 0x200,
-    MsetProperty = 0x400,
+    LocaProperty = 0x1,
+    CcmpProperty = 0x2,
+    InitProperty = 0x4,
+    IsolProperty = 0x8,
+    FinaProperty = 0x10,
+    MediProperty = 0x20,
+    RligProperty = 0x40,
+    CaltProperty = 0x80,
+    LigaProperty = 0x100,
+    DligProperty = 0x200,
+    CswhProperty = 0x400,
+    MsetProperty = 0x800,
 
     /* used by indic and myanmar shaper */
-    NuktaProperty = 0x4,
-    AkhantProperty = 0x8,
-    RephProperty = 0x10,
-    PreFormProperty = 0x20,
-    BelowFormProperty = 0x40,
-    AboveFormProperty = 0x80,
-    HalfFormProperty = 0x100,
-    PostFormProperty = 0x200,
-    VattuProperty = 0x400,
-    PreSubstProperty = 0x800,
-    BelowSubstProperty = 0x1000,
-    AboveSubstProperty = 0x2000,
-    PostSubstProperty = 0x4000,
-    HalantProperty = 0x8000,
-    CligProperty = 0x10000
+    NuktaProperty = 0x8,
+    AkhantProperty = 0x10,
+    RephProperty = 0x20,
+    PreFormProperty = 0x40,
+    BelowFormProperty = 0x80,
+    AboveFormProperty = 0x100,
+    HalfFormProperty = 0x200,
+    PostFormProperty = 0x400,
+    ConjunctFormProperty = 0x800,
+    VattuProperty = 0x1000,
+    PreSubstProperty = 0x2000,
+    BelowSubstProperty = 0x4000,
+    AboveSubstProperty = 0x8000,
+    PostSubstProperty = 0x10000,
+    HalantProperty = 0x20000,
+    CligProperty = 0x40000,
+    IndicCaltProperty = 0x80000
 
 } HB_OpenTypeProperty;
 
diff --git a/src/3rdparty/harfbuzz/tests/shaping/main.cpp b/src/3rdparty/harfbuzz/tests/shaping/main.cpp
index 320e8ee..28f8e07 100644
--- a/src/3rdparty/harfbuzz/tests/shaping/main.cpp
+++ b/src/3rdparty/harfbuzz/tests/shaping/main.cpp
@@ -1130,6 +1130,8 @@ void tst_QScriptEngine::malayalam()
                   { 0x3f8, 0x0 } },
                 { { 0xd2f, 0xd4d, 0xd15, 0xd4d, 0xd15, 0xd41, 0x0 },
                   { 0x2ff, 0x0 } },
+                { { 0xd30, 0xd4d, 0x200d, 0xd35, 0xd4d, 0xd35, 0x0 },
+                  { 0xf3, 0x350, 0x0 } },
 
                 { {0}, {0} }
             };
diff --git a/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/abstractmediaplayer.cpp b/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/abstractmediaplayer.cpp
index 6356c21..be2a568 100644
--- a/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/abstractmediaplayer.cpp
+++ b/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/abstractmediaplayer.cpp
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ MMF::AbstractMediaPlayer::AbstractMediaPlayer
     (MediaObject *parent, const AbstractPlayer *player)
         :   AbstractPlayer(player)
         ,   m_parent(parent)
-        ,   m_playPending(false)
+        ,   m_pending(NothingPending)
         ,   m_positionTimer(new QTimer(this))
         ,   m_bufferStatusTimer(new QTimer(this))
         ,   m_mmfMaxVolume(NullMaxVolume)
@@ -74,14 +74,12 @@ void MMF::AbstractMediaPlayer::play()
         break;
 
     case LoadingState:
-        m_playPending = true;
+        setPending(PlayPending);
         break;
 
     case StoppedState:
     case PausedState:
-        doPlay();
-        startPositionTimer();
-        changeState(PlayingState);
+        startPlayback();
         break;
 
     case PlayingState:
@@ -103,14 +101,16 @@ void MMF::AbstractMediaPlayer::pause()
     TRACE_CONTEXT(AbstractMediaPlayer::pause, EAudioApi);
     TRACE_ENTRY("state %d", privateState());
 
-    m_playPending = false;
     stopTimers();
 
     switch (privateState()) {
     case GroundState:
     case LoadingState:
-    case PausedState:
     case StoppedState:
+        setPending(PausePending);
+        break;
+
+    case PausedState:
         // Do nothing
         break;
 
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ void MMF::AbstractMediaPlayer::stop()
     TRACE_CONTEXT(AbstractMediaPlayer::stop, EAudioApi);
     TRACE_ENTRY("state %d", privateState());
 
-    m_playPending = false;
+    setPending(NothingPending);
     stopTimers();
 
     switch (privateState()) {
@@ -365,6 +365,18 @@ void MMF::AbstractMediaPlayer::maxVolumeChanged(int mmfMaxVolume)
     doVolumeChanged();
 }
 
+void MMF::AbstractMediaPlayer::loadingComplete(int error)
+{
+    Q_ASSERT(Phonon::LoadingState == state());
+
+    if (KErrNone == error) {
+        updateMetaData();
+        changeState(StoppedState);
+    } else {
+        setError(tr("Loading clip failed"), error);
+    }
+}
+
 void MMF::AbstractMediaPlayer::playbackComplete(int error)
 {
     stopTimers();
@@ -377,7 +389,7 @@ void MMF::AbstractMediaPlayer::playbackComplete(int error)
     }
 
     if (KErrNone == error) {
-        changeState(StoppedState);
+        changeState(PausedState);
 
         // MediaObject::switchToNextSource deletes the current player, so we
         // call it via delayed slot invokation to ensure that this object does
@@ -386,6 +398,7 @@ void MMF::AbstractMediaPlayer::playbackComplete(int error)
     }
     else {
         setError(tr("Playback complete"), error);
+        emit finished();
     }
 }
 
@@ -440,11 +453,39 @@ void MMF::AbstractMediaPlayer::resetMarksIfRewound()
             m_aboutToFinishSent = false;
 }
 
+void MMF::AbstractMediaPlayer::setPending(Pending pending)
+{
+    const Phonon::State oldState = state();
+    m_pending = pending;
+    const Phonon::State newState = state();
+    if (newState != oldState)
+        emit stateChanged(newState, oldState);
+}
+
+void MMF::AbstractMediaPlayer::startPlayback()
+{
+    doPlay();
+    startPositionTimer();
+    changeState(PlayingState);
+}
+
 void MMF::AbstractMediaPlayer::bufferStatusTick()
 {
     emit MMF::AbstractPlayer::bufferStatus(bufferStatus());
 }
 
+Phonon::State MMF::AbstractMediaPlayer::phononState(PrivateState state) const
+{
+    Phonon::State result = AbstractPlayer::phononState(state);
+
+    if (PausePending == m_pending) {
+        Q_ASSERT(Phonon::StoppedState == result || Phonon::LoadingState == result);
+        result = Phonon::PausedState;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
 void MMF::AbstractMediaPlayer::changeState(PrivateState newState)
 {
     TRACE_CONTEXT(AbstractMediaPlayer::changeState, EAudioInternal);
@@ -452,20 +493,26 @@ void MMF::AbstractMediaPlayer::changeState(PrivateState newState)
     const Phonon::State oldPhononState = phononState(privateState());
     const Phonon::State newPhononState = phononState(newState);
 
-    // TODO: add some invariants to check that the transition is valid
-    AbstractPlayer::changeState(newState);
-
     if (LoadingState == oldPhononState && StoppedState == newPhononState) {
-        // Ensure initial volume is set on MMF API before starting playback
-        doVolumeChanged();
-
-        // Check whether play() was called while clip was being loaded.  If so,
-        // playback should be started now
-        if (m_playPending) {
-            TRACE_0("play was called while loading; starting playback now");
-            m_playPending = false;
-            play();
+        switch (m_pending) {
+        case NothingPending:
+            AbstractPlayer::changeState(newState);
+            break;
+
+        case PlayPending:
+            changeState(PlayingState); // necessary in order to apply initial volume
+            doVolumeChanged();
+            startPlayback();
+            break;
+
+        case PausePending:
+            AbstractPlayer::changeState(PausedState);
+            break;
         }
+
+        setPending(NothingPending);
+    } else {
+        AbstractPlayer::changeState(newState);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/abstractmediaplayer.h b/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/abstractmediaplayer.h
index 308b5af..23a8233 100644
--- a/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/abstractmediaplayer.h
+++ b/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/abstractmediaplayer.h
@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ public:
 protected:
     // AbstractPlayer
     virtual void doSetTickInterval(qint32 interval);
+    virtual Phonon::State phononState(PrivateState state) const;
+    virtual void changeState(PrivateState newState);
 
     virtual void doPlay() = 0;
     virtual void doPause() = 0;
@@ -70,7 +72,6 @@ protected:
     virtual int openUrl(const QString& url) = 0;
     virtual int bufferStatus() const = 0;
     virtual void close() = 0;
-    virtual void changeState(PrivateState newState);
 
     void updateMetaData();
     virtual int numberOfMetaDataEntries() const = 0;
@@ -80,6 +81,7 @@ protected:
     void bufferingStarted();
     void bufferingComplete();
     void maxVolumeChanged(int maxVolume);
+    void loadingComplete(int error);
     void playbackComplete(int error);
 
     static qint64 toMilliSeconds(const TTimeIntervalMicroSeconds &);
@@ -93,6 +95,15 @@ private:
     void doVolumeChanged();
     void emitMarksIfReached(qint64 position);
     void resetMarksIfRewound();
+    void startPlayback();
+
+    enum Pending {
+        NothingPending,
+        PausePending,
+        PlayPending
+    };
+
+    void setPending(Pending pending);
 
 private Q_SLOTS:
     void positionTick();
@@ -101,12 +112,7 @@ private Q_SLOTS:
 private:
     MediaObject *const          m_parent;
 
-    /**
-     * This flag is set to true if play is called when the object is
-     * in a Loading state.  Once loading is complete, playback will
-     * be started.
-     */
-    bool                        m_playPending;
+    Pending                     m_pending;
 
     QScopedPointer<QTimer>      m_positionTimer;
 
diff --git a/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/abstractplayer.cpp b/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/abstractplayer.cpp
index 421155b..77d7ae0 100644
--- a/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/abstractplayer.cpp
+++ b/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/abstractplayer.cpp
@@ -48,6 +48,11 @@ MMF::AbstractPlayer::AbstractPlayer(const AbstractPlayer *player)
         m_tickInterval = player->m_tickInterval;
         m_transitionTime = player->m_transitionTime;
         m_prefinishMark = player->m_prefinishMark;
+
+        // This is to prevent unwanted state transitions occurring as a result
+        // of MediaObject::switchToNextSource() during playlist playback.
+        if (StoppedState == player->m_state)
+            m_state = player->m_state;
     }
 }
 
@@ -141,7 +146,7 @@ Phonon::State MMF::AbstractPlayer::phononState() const
     return phononState(m_state);
 }
 
-Phonon::State MMF::AbstractPlayer::phononState(PrivateState state)
+Phonon::State MMF::AbstractPlayer::phononState(PrivateState state) const
 {
     const Phonon::State phononState =
         GroundState == state
diff --git a/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/abstractplayer.h b/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/abstractplayer.h
index 92bd87e..ab892f5 100644
--- a/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/abstractplayer.h
+++ b/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/abstractplayer.h
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ protected:
     /**
      * Converts PrivateState into the corresponding Phonon::State
      */
-    static Phonon::State phononState(PrivateState state);
+    virtual Phonon::State phononState(PrivateState state) const;
 
     virtual void videoOutputChanged();
 
diff --git a/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/abstractvideoplayer.cpp b/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/abstractvideoplayer.cpp
index c2bcce0..2e0ab1c 100644
--- a/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/abstractvideoplayer.cpp
+++ b/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/abstractvideoplayer.cpp
@@ -268,11 +268,10 @@ void MMF::AbstractVideoPlayer::MvpuoPrepareComplete(TInt aError)
         handlePendingParametersChanged();
 
         emit totalTimeChanged(totalTime());
-        changeState(StoppedState);
-    } else {
-        setError(tr("Buffering clip failed"), err);
     }
 
+    loadingComplete(aError);
+
     TRACE_EXIT_0();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/audioplayer.cpp b/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/audioplayer.cpp
index ee07229..77a0964 100644
--- a/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/audioplayer.cpp
+++ b/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/audioplayer.cpp
@@ -203,12 +203,10 @@ void MMF::AudioPlayer::MapcInitComplete(TInt aError,
         maxVolumeChanged(m_player->MaxVolume());
         m_totalTime = toMilliSeconds(m_player->Duration());
         emit totalTimeChanged(m_totalTime);
-        updateMetaData();
-        changeState(StoppedState);
-    } else {
-        setError(tr("Opening clip failed"), aError);
     }
 
+    loadingComplete(aError);
+
     TRACE_EXIT_0();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/mediaobject.cpp b/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/mediaobject.cpp
index ee459e6..e1b921b 100644
--- a/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/mediaobject.cpp
+++ b/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/mediaobject.cpp
@@ -323,11 +323,12 @@ void MMF::MediaObject::createPlayer(const MediaSource &source)
     connect(m_player.data(), SIGNAL(totalTimeChanged(qint64)), SIGNAL(totalTimeChanged(qint64)));
     connect(m_player.data(), SIGNAL(stateChanged(Phonon::State,Phonon::State)), SIGNAL(stateChanged(Phonon::State,Phonon::State)));
     connect(m_player.data(), SIGNAL(finished()), SIGNAL(finished()));
-    connect(m_player.data(), SIGNAL(tick(qint64)), SIGNAL(tick(qint64)));
     connect(m_player.data(), SIGNAL(bufferStatus(int)), SIGNAL(bufferStatus(int)));
     connect(m_player.data(), SIGNAL(metaDataChanged(QMultiMap<QString,QString>)), SIGNAL(metaDataChanged(QMultiMap<QString,QString>)));
     connect(m_player.data(), SIGNAL(aboutToFinish()), SIGNAL(aboutToFinish()));
-    connect(m_player.data(), SIGNAL(prefinishMarkReached(qint32)), SIGNAL(tick(qint32)));
+    connect(m_player.data(), SIGNAL(prefinishMarkReached(qint32)), SIGNAL(prefinishMarkReached(qint32)));
+    connect(m_player.data(), SIGNAL(prefinishMarkReached(qint32)), SLOT(handlePrefinishMarkReached(qint32)));
+    connect(m_player.data(), SIGNAL(tick(qint64)), SIGNAL(tick(qint64)));
 
     // We need to call setError() after doing the connects, otherwise the
     // error won't be received.
@@ -414,8 +415,20 @@ void MMF::MediaObject::switchToNextSource()
         m_nextSourceSet = false;
         switchToSource(m_nextSource);
         play();
+    } else {
+        emit finished();
     }
 }
 
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Other private functions
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void MMF::MediaObject::handlePrefinishMarkReached(qint32 time)
+{
+    emit tick(time);
+}
+
+
 QT_END_NAMESPACE
 
diff --git a/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/mediaobject.h b/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/mediaobject.h
index 62e0a0e..f15eb21 100644
--- a/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/mediaobject.h
+++ b/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/mediaobject.h
@@ -107,6 +107,9 @@ Q_SIGNALS:
     void finished();
     void tick(qint64 time);
 
+private Q_SLOTS:
+    void handlePrefinishMarkReached(qint32);
+
 private:
     void switchToSource(const MediaSource &source);
     void createPlayer(const MediaSource &source);
diff --git a/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/videoplayer_dsa.cpp b/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/videoplayer_dsa.cpp
index d607f1d..1925471 100644
--- a/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/videoplayer_dsa.cpp
+++ b/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/videoplayer_dsa.cpp
@@ -226,38 +226,40 @@ void MMF::DsaVideoPlayer::handleParametersChanged(VideoParameters parameters)
     getDsaRegion(m_wsSession, *m_window);
 #endif
 
-    static const TBool antialias = ETrue;
-    int err = KErrNone;
-
-    if (parameters & ScaleFactors) {
-        TRAP(err, m_player->SetScaleFactorL(m_scaleWidth, m_scaleHeight,
-                                            antialias));
-        if(KErrNone != err) {
-            TRACE("SetScaleFactorL (1) err %d", err);
-            setError(tr("Video display error"), err);
+    if (m_player) {
+        static const TBool antialias = ETrue;
+        int err = KErrNone;
+
+        if (parameters & ScaleFactors) {
+            TRAP(err, m_player->SetScaleFactorL(m_scaleWidth, m_scaleHeight,
+                                                antialias));
+            if(KErrNone != err) {
+                TRACE("SetScaleFactorL (1) err %d", err);
+                setError(tr("Video display error"), err);
+            }
         }
-    }
 
-    if (KErrNone == err) {
-        if (parameters & WindowHandle || parameters & WindowScreenRect) {
-            TRAP(err,
-                m_player->SetDisplayWindowL(m_wsSession, m_screenDevice,
-                                            *m_window,
-                                            m_videoScreenRect,
-                                            m_videoScreenRect));
-        }
+        if (KErrNone == err) {
+            if (parameters & WindowHandle || parameters & WindowScreenRect) {
+                TRAP(err,
+                    m_player->SetDisplayWindowL(m_wsSession, m_screenDevice,
+                                                *m_window,
+                                                m_videoScreenRect,
+                                                m_videoScreenRect));
+            }
 
-        if (KErrNone != err) {
-            TRACE("SetDisplayWindowL err %d", err);
-            setError(tr("Video display error"), err);
-        } else {
-            m_dsaActive = true;
-            if (parameters & ScaleFactors) {
-                TRAP(err, m_player->SetScaleFactorL(m_scaleWidth, m_scaleHeight,
-                                                    antialias));
-                if (KErrNone != err) {
-                    TRACE("SetScaleFactorL (2) err %d", err);
-                    setError(tr("Video display error"), err);
+            if (KErrNone != err) {
+                TRACE("SetDisplayWindowL err %d", err);
+                setError(tr("Video display error"), err);
+            } else {
+                m_dsaActive = true;
+                if (parameters & ScaleFactors) {
+                    TRAP(err, m_player->SetScaleFactorL(m_scaleWidth, m_scaleHeight,
+                                                        antialias));
+                    if (KErrNone != err) {
+                        TRACE("SetScaleFactorL (2) err %d", err);
+                        setError(tr("Video display error"), err);
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -296,7 +298,7 @@ bool MMF::DsaVideoPlayer::stopDirectScreenAccess()
 
     const bool dsaWasActive = m_dsaActive;
     if (m_dsaActive) {
-        TRAPD(err, m_player->StopDirectScreenAccessL());
+        TRAP(err, m_player->StopDirectScreenAccessL());
         if (KErrNone == err)
             m_dsaActive = false;
         else
diff --git a/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/videoplayer_surface.cpp b/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/videoplayer_surface.cpp
index 5f234e5..fda7342 100644
--- a/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/videoplayer_surface.cpp
+++ b/src/3rdparty/phonon/mmf/videoplayer_surface.cpp
@@ -104,44 +104,43 @@ void MMF::SurfaceVideoPlayer::handleVideoWindowChanged()
 
 void MMF::SurfaceVideoPlayer::handleParametersChanged(VideoParameters parameters)
 {
-    CVideoPlayerUtility2 *player = static_cast<CVideoPlayerUtility2 *>(m_player.data());
-
-    int err = KErrNone;
-
     TRect rect;
-
     if (m_videoOutput) {
         m_videoOutput->dump();
         const QSize size = m_videoOutput->videoWindowSize();
         rect.SetSize(TSize(size.width(), size.height()));
     }
 
-    if (parameters & WindowHandle) {
-        if (m_displayWindow)
-            player->RemoveDisplayWindow(*m_displayWindow);
-
-        RWindow *window = static_cast<RWindow *>(m_window);
-        if (window) {
-            window->SetBackgroundColor(TRgb(0, 0, 0, 255));
-            TRAP(err, player->AddDisplayWindowL(m_wsSession, m_screenDevice, *window, rect, rect));
-            if (KErrNone != err) {
-                setError(tr("Video display error"), err);
-                window = 0;
+    CVideoPlayerUtility2 *player = static_cast<CVideoPlayerUtility2 *>(m_player.data());
+    if (player) {
+        int err = KErrNone;
+        if (parameters & WindowHandle) {
+            if (m_displayWindow)
+                player->RemoveDisplayWindow(*m_displayWindow);
+
+            RWindow *window = static_cast<RWindow *>(m_window);
+            if (window) {
+                window->SetBackgroundColor(TRgb(0, 0, 0, 255));
+                TRAP(err, player->AddDisplayWindowL(m_wsSession, m_screenDevice, *window, rect, rect));
+                if (KErrNone != err) {
+                    setError(tr("Video display error"), err);
+                    window = 0;
+                }
             }
+            m_displayWindow = window;
         }
-        m_displayWindow = window;
-    }
 
-    if (KErrNone == err) {
-        if (parameters & ScaleFactors) {
-            Q_ASSERT(m_displayWindow);
-            TRAP(err, player->SetVideoExtentL(*m_displayWindow, rect));
-            if (KErrNone == err)
-                TRAP(err, player->SetWindowClipRectL(*m_displayWindow, rect));
-            if (KErrNone == err)
-                TRAP(err, player->SetScaleFactorL(*m_displayWindow, m_scaleWidth, m_scaleHeight));
-            if (KErrNone != err)
-                setError(tr("Video display error"), err);
+        if (KErrNone == err) {
+            if (parameters & ScaleFactors) {
+                Q_ASSERT(m_displayWindow);
+                TRAP(err, player->SetVideoExtentL(*m_displayWindow, rect));
+                if (KErrNone == err)
+                    TRAP(err, player->SetWindowClipRectL(*m_displayWindow, rect));
+                if (KErrNone == err)
+                    TRAP(err, player->SetScaleFactorL(*m_displayWindow, m_scaleWidth, m_scaleHeight));
+                if (KErrNone != err)
+                    setError(tr("Video display error"), err);
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/corelib/global/qnamespace.h b/src/corelib/global/qnamespace.h
index 09c000b..08674d2 100644
--- a/src/corelib/global/qnamespace.h
+++ b/src/corelib/global/qnamespace.h
@@ -1092,6 +1092,8 @@ public:
         Key_Call = 0x01100004,
         Key_Hangup = 0x01100005,
         Key_Flip = 0x01100006,
+        Key_Camera = 0x01100007,
+        Key_CameraFocus = 0x01100008,
 
         Key_unknown = 0x01ffffff
     };
diff --git a/src/corelib/global/qnamespace.qdoc b/src/corelib/global/qnamespace.qdoc
index 992d2ba..f71ba9d 100644
--- a/src/corelib/global/qnamespace.qdoc
+++ b/src/corelib/global/qnamespace.qdoc
@@ -1742,6 +1742,8 @@
     \value Key_unknown
 
     \value Key_Call
+    \value Key_Camera
+    \value Key_CameraFocus
     \value Key_Context1
     \value Key_Context2
     \value Key_Context3
diff --git a/src/corelib/io/qiodevice.cpp b/src/corelib/io/qiodevice.cpp
index f83c142..f2cef4e1 100644
--- a/src/corelib/io/qiodevice.cpp
+++ b/src/corelib/io/qiodevice.cpp
@@ -755,6 +755,7 @@ qint64 QIODevice::bytesToWrite() const
 qint64 QIODevice::read(char *data, qint64 maxSize)
 {
     Q_D(QIODevice);
+    CHECK_READABLE(read, qint64(-1));
 
 #if defined QIODEVICE_DEBUG
     printf("%p QIODevice::read(%p, %d), d->pos = %d, d->buffer.size() = %d\n",
diff --git a/src/corelib/tools/qdatetime.cpp b/src/corelib/tools/qdatetime.cpp
index 459d76a..c12095f 100644
--- a/src/corelib/tools/qdatetime.cpp
+++ b/src/corelib/tools/qdatetime.cpp
@@ -1611,6 +1611,7 @@ QString QTime::toString(Qt::DateFormat format) const
          \i use AM/PM display. \e AP will be replaced by either "AM" or "PM".
     \row \i ap or a
          \i use am/pm display. \e ap will be replaced by either "am" or "pm".
+    \row \i t \i the timezone (for example "CEST")
     \endtable
 
     All other input characters will be ignored. Any sequence of characters that
diff --git a/src/corelib/tools/qlocale_data_p.h b/src/corelib/tools/qlocale_data_p.h
index 06609f2..13e95f7 100644
--- a/src/corelib/tools/qlocale_data_p.h
+++ b/src/corelib/tools/qlocale_data_p.h
@@ -305,437 +305,439 @@ static const quint16 locale_index[] = {
 static const QLocalePrivate locale_data[] = {
 //      lang   terr    dec  group   list  prcnt   zero  minus  plus    exp sDtFmt lDtFmt sTmFmt lTmFmt ssMonth slMonth  sMonth lMonth  sDays  lDays  am,len      pm,len
     {      1,     0,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 0,10 , 10,17 , 0,8 , 8,10 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,27 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 99,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // C/AnyCountry
-    {      3,    69,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 35,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 158,48 , 206,111 , 134,24 , 161,48 , 209,111 , 320,24 , 113,28 , 141,55 , 85,14 , 113,28 , 141,55 , 85,14 , 2,2 , 2,2  }, // Afan/Ethiopia
-    {      3,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 35,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 158,48 , 206,111 , 134,24 , 161,48 , 209,111 , 320,24 , 113,28 , 141,55 , 85,14 , 113,28 , 141,55 , 85,14 , 2,2 , 2,2  }, // Afan/Kenya
-    {      4,    59,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 50,16 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 317,48 , 365,129 , 494,24 , 344,48 , 392,129 , 521,24 , 196,28 , 224,52 , 276,14 , 196,28 , 224,52 , 276,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Afar/Djibouti
-    {      4,    67,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 50,16 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 317,48 , 518,118 , 494,24 , 344,48 , 545,118 , 521,24 , 196,28 , 224,52 , 276,14 , 196,28 , 224,52 , 276,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Afar/Eritrea
-    {      4,    69,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 50,16 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 317,48 , 518,118 , 494,24 , 344,48 , 545,118 , 521,24 , 196,28 , 224,52 , 276,14 , 196,28 , 224,52 , 276,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Afar/Ethiopia
-    {      5,   195,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 76,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 636,48 , 684,92 , 134,24 , 663,48 , 711,92 , 320,24 , 290,21 , 311,58 , 369,14 , 290,21 , 311,58 , 369,14 , 4,3 , 4,3  }, // Afrikaans/SouthAfrica
-    {      5,   148,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 636,48 , 684,92 , 134,24 , 663,48 , 711,92 , 320,24 , 290,21 , 311,58 , 369,14 , 290,21 , 311,58 , 369,14 , 4,3 , 4,3  }, // Afrikaans/Namibia
-    {      6,     2,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 103,8 , 111,15 , 58,7 , 65,15 , 776,48 , 824,78 , 902,24 , 803,48 , 851,78 , 929,24 , 383,28 , 411,58 , 469,14 , 383,28 , 411,58 , 469,14 , 7,2 , 7,2  }, // Albanian/Albania
-    {      7,    69,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 926,46 , 972,62 , 1034,24 , 953,46 , 999,62 , 1061,24 , 483,27 , 510,28 , 538,14 , 483,27 , 510,28 , 538,14 , 9,3 , 9,4  }, // Amharic/Ethiopia
-    {      8,   186,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 150,10 , 160,15 , 18,7 , 80,15 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/SaudiArabia
-    {      8,     3,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 150,10 , 160,15 , 18,7 , 80,15 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Algeria
-    {      8,    17,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 150,10 , 160,15 , 18,7 , 80,15 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Bahrain
-    {      8,    64,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 150,10 , 160,15 , 18,7 , 80,15 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Egypt
-    {      8,   103,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 150,10 , 160,15 , 18,7 , 80,15 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Iraq
-    {      8,   109,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 150,10 , 160,15 , 18,7 , 80,15 , 1157,92 , 1157,92 , 1133,24 , 1184,92 , 1184,92 , 1160,24 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Jordan
-    {      8,   115,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 150,10 , 160,15 , 18,7 , 80,15 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Kuwait
-    {      8,   119,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 150,10 , 160,15 , 18,7 , 80,15 , 1249,92 , 1249,92 , 1133,24 , 1276,92 , 1276,92 , 1160,24 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Lebanon
-    {      8,   122,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 150,10 , 160,15 , 18,7 , 80,15 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/LibyanArabJamahiriya
-    {      8,   145,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 150,10 , 160,15 , 18,7 , 80,15 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Morocco
-    {      8,   162,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 150,10 , 160,15 , 18,7 , 80,15 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Oman
-    {      8,   175,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 150,10 , 160,15 , 18,7 , 80,15 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Qatar
-    {      8,   201,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 150,10 , 160,15 , 18,7 , 80,15 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Sudan
-    {      8,   207,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 150,10 , 160,15 , 18,7 , 80,15 , 1249,92 , 1249,92 , 1133,24 , 1276,92 , 1276,92 , 1160,24 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/SyrianArabRepublic
-    {      8,   216,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 150,10 , 160,15 , 18,7 , 80,15 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Tunisia
-    {      8,   223,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 150,10 , 160,15 , 18,7 , 80,15 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/UnitedArabEmirates
-    {      8,   237,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 150,10 , 160,15 , 18,7 , 80,15 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Yemen
-    {      9,    11,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 175,8 , 35,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 1341,48 , 1389,94 , 1483,27 , 1368,48 , 1416,94 , 134,27 , 708,28 , 736,62 , 798,14 , 708,28 , 736,62 , 798,14 , 13,3 , 14,3  }, // Armenian/Armenia
-    {     10,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 183,8 , 191,15 , 95,8 , 103,15 , 1510,62 , 1572,88 , 1483,27 , 1510,62 , 1572,88 , 134,27 , 812,37 , 849,58 , 798,14 , 812,37 , 849,58 , 798,14 , 16,9 , 17,7  }, // Assamese/India
-    {     12,    15,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 206,8 , 214,16 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 1660,48 , 1708,77 , 1483,27 , 1660,48 , 1708,77 , 134,27 , 907,26 , 933,67 , 99,14 , 907,26 , 933,67 , 99,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Azerbaijani/Azerbaijan
-    {     12,   102,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 206,8 , 214,16 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 1660,48 , 1708,77 , 1483,27 , 1660,48 , 1708,77 , 134,27 , 907,26 , 933,67 , 99,14 , 907,26 , 933,67 , 99,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Azerbaijani/Iran
-    {     14,   197,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 230,28 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 1785,48 , 1833,93 , 1926,24 , 1785,48 , 1833,93 , 1926,24 , 1000,21 , 1021,68 , 798,14 , 1000,21 , 1021,68 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Basque/Spain
-    {     15,    18,    46,    44,    59,    37,  2534,    45,    43,   101, 258,6 , 191,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 1950,90 , 1950,90 , 2040,33 , 1950,90 , 1950,90 , 2040,33 , 1089,37 , 1126,58 , 1184,18 , 1089,37 , 1126,58 , 1184,18 , 25,9 , 24,7  }, // Bengali/Bangladesh
-    {     15,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,  2534,    45,    43,   101, 258,6 , 191,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 1950,90 , 1950,90 , 2040,33 , 1950,90 , 1950,90 , 2040,33 , 1089,37 , 1126,58 , 1184,18 , 1089,37 , 1126,58 , 1184,18 , 25,9 , 24,7  }, // Bengali/India
-    {     16,    25,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 264,26 , 118,22 , 140,38 , 2073,75 , 2148,205 , 1483,27 , 2073,75 , 2148,205 , 134,27 , 1202,34 , 1236,79 , 798,14 , 1202,34 , 1236,79 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Bhutani/Bhutan
-    {     19,    74,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Breton/France
-    {     20,    33,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 305,8 , 313,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 2353,59 , 2412,82 , 2494,24 , 2353,59 , 2412,82 , 2494,24 , 1315,21 , 1336,55 , 1391,14 , 1315,21 , 1336,55 , 1391,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Bulgarian/Bulgaria
-    {     21,   147,    46,    44,  4170,    37,  4160,    45,    43,   101, 206,8 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 2518,43 , 2561,88 , 2649,24 , 2518,43 , 2561,88 , 2649,24 , 1405,25 , 1430,54 , 1484,14 , 1405,25 , 1430,54 , 1484,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Burmese/Myanmar
-    {     22,    20,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 328,6 , 136,14 , 178,5 , 183,13 , 2673,48 , 2721,99 , 2820,24 , 2673,48 , 2721,95 , 2816,24 , 1498,21 , 1519,56 , 1575,14 , 1498,21 , 1519,56 , 1575,14 , 34,10 , 31,13  }, // Byelorussian/Belarus
-    {     23,    36,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 334,8 , 342,27 , 196,4 , 200,29 , 2844,27 , 2871,71 , 1483,27 , 2840,27 , 2867,71 , 134,27 , 1589,19 , 1608,76 , 798,14 , 1589,19 , 1608,76 , 798,14 , 44,5 , 44,5  }, // Cambodian/Cambodia
-    {     24,   197,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 369,18 , 196,4 , 229,12 , 2942,60 , 3002,82 , 3084,24 , 2938,93 , 3031,115 , 3146,24 , 1684,21 , 1705,60 , 1765,14 , 1779,28 , 1807,60 , 1867,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Catalan/Spain
-    {     25,    44,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 387,6 , 393,10 , 241,6 , 247,14 , 3108,38 , 3108,38 , 3146,39 , 3170,39 , 3170,39 , 3170,39 , 1881,21 , 1902,28 , 1930,14 , 1881,21 , 1902,28 , 1930,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Chinese/China
-    {     25,    97,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 403,7 , 393,10 , 241,6 , 261,14 , 3108,38 , 3108,38 , 1483,27 , 3170,39 , 3170,39 , 134,27 , 1944,21 , 1902,28 , 1930,14 , 1944,21 , 1902,28 , 1930,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Chinese/HongKong
-    {     25,   126,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 403,7 , 410,12 , 241,6 , 261,14 , 3108,38 , 3108,38 , 1483,27 , 3170,39 , 3170,39 , 134,27 , 1944,21 , 1902,28 , 1930,14 , 1944,21 , 1902,28 , 1930,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Chinese/Macau
-    {     25,   190,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 393,10 , 275,7 , 247,14 , 3108,38 , 3108,38 , 3146,39 , 3170,39 , 3170,39 , 3170,39 , 1881,21 , 1902,28 , 1930,14 , 1881,21 , 1902,28 , 1930,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Chinese/Singapore
-    {     25,   208,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 422,6 , 393,10 , 241,6 , 261,14 , 3108,38 , 3108,38 , 1483,27 , 3170,39 , 3170,39 , 134,27 , 1944,21 , 1902,28 , 1930,14 , 1944,21 , 1902,28 , 1930,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Chinese/Taiwan
-    {     27,    54,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 428,13 , 441,16 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 3185,49 , 3234,94 , 3328,39 , 3209,49 , 3258,98 , 3356,39 , 1965,28 , 1993,58 , 2051,14 , 1965,28 , 1993,58 , 2051,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Croatian/Croatia
-    {     28,    57,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 328,6 , 457,15 , 196,4 , 229,12 , 3328,39 , 3367,82 , 3449,24 , 134,27 , 3395,84 , 3479,24 , 2065,21 , 2086,49 , 2135,14 , 2065,21 , 2086,49 , 2135,14 , 53,4 , 53,4  }, // Czech/CzechRepublic
-    {     29,    58,    44,    46,    44,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 472,20 , 178,5 , 183,13 , 3473,48 , 3521,84 , 134,24 , 3503,59 , 3562,84 , 320,24 , 2149,28 , 2177,51 , 2228,14 , 2149,28 , 2177,51 , 2228,14 , 57,4 , 57,4  }, // Danish/Denmark
-    {     30,   151,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 492,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 3605,48 , 3653,88 , 134,24 , 3646,59 , 3705,88 , 320,24 , 2242,21 , 2263,59 , 2322,14 , 2242,21 , 2263,59 , 2322,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Dutch/Netherlands
-    {     30,    21,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 500,7 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 3605,48 , 3653,88 , 134,24 , 3646,59 , 3705,88 , 320,24 , 2242,21 , 2263,59 , 2322,14 , 2242,21 , 2263,59 , 2322,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Dutch/Belgium
-    {     31,   225,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 507,6 , 35,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/UnitedStates
-    {     31,     4,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 507,6 , 35,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/AmericanSamoa
-    {     31,    13,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 500,7 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Australia
-    {     31,    21,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 282,27 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Belgium
-    {     31,    22,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 513,9 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Belize
-    {     31,    28,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 76,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Botswana
-    {     31,    38,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 103,8 , 522,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Canada
-    {     31,    89,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 507,6 , 35,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Guam
-    {     31,    97,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 258,6 , 191,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/HongKong
-    {     31,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 90,13 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/India
-    {     31,   104,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // English/Ireland
-    {     31,   107,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 258,6 , 35,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Jamaica
-    {     31,   133,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Malta
-    {     31,   134,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 507,6 , 35,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/MarshallIslands
-    {     31,   137,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 507,6 , 35,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Mauritius
-    {     31,   148,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 507,6 , 35,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Namibia
-    {     31,   154,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 500,7 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/NewZealand
-    {     31,   160,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 507,6 , 35,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/NorthernMarianaIslands
-    {     31,   163,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 90,13 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Pakistan
-    {     31,   170,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 507,6 , 35,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Philippines
-    {     31,   190,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 258,6 , 35,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Singapore
-    {     31,   195,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 536,10 , 76,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/SouthAfrica
-    {     31,   215,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 507,6 , 35,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/TrinidadAndTobago
-    {     31,   224,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/UnitedKingdom
-    {     31,   226,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 507,6 , 35,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/UnitedStatesMinorOutlyingIslands
-    {     31,   234,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 507,6 , 35,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/USVirginIslands
-    {     31,   240,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 334,8 , 76,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Zimbabwe
-    {     33,    68,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 305,8 , 457,15 , 196,4 , 309,12 , 3741,59 , 3800,91 , 3891,24 , 3793,59 , 3852,91 , 3943,24 , 2336,14 , 2350,63 , 2336,14 , 2336,14 , 2350,63 , 2336,14 , 61,14 , 61,16  }, // Estonian/Estonia
-    {     34,    71,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 492,8 , 76,14 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 3915,48 , 3963,83 , 134,24 , 3967,48 , 4015,83 , 320,24 , 2413,28 , 2441,74 , 2515,14 , 2413,28 , 2441,74 , 2515,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Faroese/FaroeIslands
-    {     36,    73,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 546,8 , 554,14 , 321,4 , 325,12 , 4046,69 , 4115,105 , 4220,24 , 4098,129 , 4098,129 , 4227,24 , 2529,21 , 2550,67 , 2617,14 , 2529,21 , 2631,81 , 2617,14 , 75,3 , 77,3  }, // Finnish/Finland
-    {     37,    74,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/France
-    {     37,    21,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 500,7 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 337,26 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Belgium
-    {     37,    37,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Cameroon
-    {     37,    38,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 103,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 282,27 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Canada
-    {     37,    41,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/CentralAfricanRepublic
-    {     37,    53,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/IvoryCoast
-    {     37,    88,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Guadeloupe
-    {     37,    91,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Guinea
-    {     37,   125,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Luxembourg
-    {     37,   128,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Madagascar
-    {     37,   132,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Mali
-    {     37,   135,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Martinique
-    {     37,   142,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Monaco
-    {     37,   156,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Niger
-    {     37,   176,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Reunion
-    {     37,   187,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Senegal
-    {     37,   206,    46,    39,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 305,8 , 136,14 , 40,5 , 363,17 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Switzerland
-    {     37,   244,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Saint Barthelemy
-    {     37,   245,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Saint Martin
-    {     40,   197,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 76,14 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 4392,48 , 4440,87 , 4527,24 , 4399,48 , 4447,87 , 4534,24 , 2813,28 , 2841,49 , 2890,14 , 2813,28 , 2841,49 , 2890,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Galician/Spain
-    {     41,    81,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 206,8 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 4551,48 , 4599,99 , 4698,24 , 4558,48 , 4606,99 , 4705,24 , 2904,28 , 2932,62 , 2994,14 , 2904,28 , 2932,62 , 2994,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Georgian/Georgia
-    {     42,    82,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 305,8 , 457,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 4722,52 , 4774,83 , 134,24 , 4729,48 , 4777,83 , 320,24 , 3008,21 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 3103,28 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // German/Germany
-    {     42,    14,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 305,8 , 568,16 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 4722,52 , 4857,83 , 134,24 , 4860,48 , 4908,83 , 320,24 , 3008,21 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 3103,28 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // German/Austria
-    {     42,    21,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 500,7 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 282,27 , 4722,52 , 4774,83 , 134,24 , 4729,48 , 4777,83 , 320,24 , 3008,21 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 3131,28 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // German/Belgium
-    {     42,   123,    46,    39,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 305,8 , 457,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 4722,52 , 4774,83 , 134,24 , 4729,48 , 4777,83 , 320,24 , 3008,21 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 3103,28 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // German/Liechtenstein
-    {     42,   125,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 305,8 , 457,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 4722,52 , 4774,83 , 134,24 , 4729,48 , 4777,83 , 320,24 , 3008,21 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 3103,28 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // German/Luxembourg
-    {     42,   206,    46,    39,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 305,8 , 457,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 4722,52 , 4774,83 , 134,24 , 4729,48 , 4777,83 , 320,24 , 3008,21 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 3103,28 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // German/Switzerland
-    {     43,    85,    44,    46,    44,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 258,6 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 4940,50 , 4990,115 , 5105,24 , 4991,50 , 5041,115 , 5156,24 , 3159,28 , 3187,55 , 3242,14 , 3159,28 , 3187,55 , 3242,14 , 78,4 , 80,4  }, // Greek/Greece
-    {     43,    56,    44,    46,    44,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 258,6 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 4940,50 , 4990,115 , 5105,24 , 4991,50 , 5041,115 , 5156,24 , 3159,28 , 3187,55 , 3242,14 , 3159,28 , 3187,55 , 3242,14 , 78,4 , 80,4  }, // Greek/Cyprus
-    {     44,    86,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 66,10 , 76,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 3473,48 , 5129,96 , 134,24 , 5180,48 , 5228,96 , 320,24 , 3256,28 , 3284,98 , 3382,14 , 3256,28 , 3284,98 , 3382,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Greenlandic/Greenland
-    {     46,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 584,7 , 191,15 , 380,8 , 388,16 , 5225,67 , 5292,87 , 5379,31 , 5324,67 , 5391,87 , 5478,31 , 3396,32 , 3428,53 , 3481,19 , 3396,32 , 3428,53 , 3481,19 , 82,14 , 84,14  }, // Gujarati/India
-    {     47,    83,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 258,6 , 191,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 5410,48 , 5458,85 , 5543,24 , 5509,48 , 5557,85 , 5642,24 , 3500,21 , 3521,52 , 3573,14 , 3500,21 , 3521,52 , 3573,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Hausa/Ghana
-    {     47,   156,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 258,6 , 191,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 5410,48 , 5458,85 , 5543,24 , 5509,48 , 5557,85 , 5642,24 , 3500,21 , 3521,52 , 3573,14 , 3500,21 , 3521,52 , 3573,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Hausa/Niger
-    {     47,   157,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 258,6 , 191,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 5410,48 , 5458,85 , 5543,24 , 5509,48 , 5557,85 , 5642,24 , 3500,21 , 3521,52 , 3573,14 , 3500,21 , 3521,52 , 3573,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Hausa/Nigeria
-    {     47,   201,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 258,6 , 191,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 5567,55 , 5622,99 , 5543,24 , 5666,55 , 5721,99 , 5642,24 , 3587,31 , 3618,57 , 3573,14 , 3587,31 , 3618,57 , 3573,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Hausa/Sudan
-    {     48,   105,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 591,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 5721,58 , 5779,72 , 1483,27 , 5820,48 , 5868,72 , 134,27 , 3675,46 , 3721,65 , 3786,14 , 3675,46 , 3721,65 , 3786,14 , 96,6 , 98,5  }, // Hebrew/Israel
-    {     49,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,  2406,    45,    43,   101, 606,6 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 5851,75 , 5851,75 , 5926,30 , 5940,75 , 5940,75 , 6015,30 , 3800,38 , 3838,57 , 3895,19 , 3800,38 , 3838,57 , 3895,19 , 102,9 , 103,7  }, // Hindi/India
-    {     50,    98,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 612,11 , 623,16 , 196,4 , 229,12 , 5956,64 , 6020,98 , 6118,25 , 6045,64 , 6109,98 , 6207,25 , 3914,19 , 3933,52 , 3985,17 , 3914,19 , 3933,52 , 3985,17 , 111,3 , 110,3  }, // Hungarian/Hungary
-    {     51,    99,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 546,8 , 457,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 6143,48 , 6191,82 , 6273,24 , 6232,48 , 6280,82 , 6362,24 , 4002,28 , 4030,81 , 4111,14 , 4002,28 , 4030,81 , 4125,14 , 114,4 , 113,4  }, // Icelandic/Iceland
-    {     52,   101,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 639,18 , 178,5 , 325,12 , 6297,48 , 6345,87 , 134,24 , 6386,48 , 6434,87 , 320,24 , 4139,28 , 4167,43 , 4210,14 , 4139,28 , 4167,43 , 4210,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Indonesian/Indonesia
-    {     57,   104,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 6432,62 , 6494,107 , 6601,24 , 6521,62 , 6583,107 , 6690,24 , 4224,37 , 4261,75 , 4336,14 , 4224,37 , 4261,75 , 4336,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Irish/Ireland
-    {     58,   106,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 6625,48 , 6673,94 , 6767,24 , 6714,48 , 6762,94 , 6856,24 , 4350,28 , 4378,57 , 4435,14 , 4350,28 , 4449,57 , 4435,14 , 118,2 , 117,2  }, // Italian/Italy
-    {     58,   206,    46,    39,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 305,8 , 136,14 , 40,5 , 363,17 , 6625,48 , 6673,94 , 6767,24 , 6714,48 , 6762,94 , 6856,24 , 4350,28 , 4378,57 , 4435,14 , 4350,28 , 4449,57 , 4435,14 , 118,2 , 117,2  }, // Italian/Switzerland
-    {     59,   108,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 206,8 , 393,10 , 196,4 , 404,13 , 3146,39 , 3146,39 , 1483,27 , 3170,39 , 3170,39 , 134,27 , 4506,14 , 4520,28 , 4506,14 , 4506,14 , 4520,28 , 4506,14 , 120,2 , 119,2  }, // Japanese/Japan
-    {     61,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,  3302,    45,    43,   101, 606,6 , 90,13 , 380,8 , 388,16 , 6791,86 , 6791,86 , 6877,31 , 6880,86 , 6880,86 , 6966,31 , 4548,28 , 4576,53 , 4629,19 , 4548,28 , 4576,53 , 4629,19 , 122,2 , 121,2  }, // Kannada/India
-    {     63,   110,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 305,8 , 657,19 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 6908,61 , 6969,83 , 1483,27 , 6997,61 , 7058,83 , 134,27 , 4648,28 , 4676,54 , 798,14 , 4648,28 , 4676,54 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Kazakh/Kazakhstan
-    {     64,   179,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 206,8 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 7052,60 , 7112,101 , 1483,27 , 7141,60 , 7201,101 , 134,27 , 4730,35 , 4765,84 , 798,14 , 4730,35 , 4765,84 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Kinyarwanda/Rwanda
-    {     65,   116,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Kirghiz/Kyrgyzstan
-    {     66,   114,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 676,9 , 685,13 , 417,7 , 424,16 , 7213,39 , 7213,39 , 7213,39 , 7302,39 , 7302,39 , 7302,39 , 4849,14 , 4863,28 , 4849,14 , 4849,14 , 4863,28 , 4849,14 , 124,2 , 123,2  }, // Korean/RepublicOfKorea
-    {     67,   102,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 4891,42 , 4891,42 , 4933,14 , 4891,42 , 4891,42 , 4933,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Kurdish/Iran
-    {     67,   103,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 4891,42 , 4891,42 , 4933,14 , 4891,42 , 4891,42 , 4933,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Kurdish/Iraq
-    {     67,   207,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 7252,41 , 7293,51 , 7344,27 , 7341,41 , 7382,51 , 7433,27 , 4947,20 , 4967,39 , 5006,14 , 4947,20 , 4967,39 , 5006,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Kurdish/SyrianArabRepublic
-    {     67,   217,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 7252,41 , 7293,51 , 7344,27 , 7341,41 , 7382,51 , 7433,27 , 4947,20 , 4967,39 , 5006,14 , 4947,20 , 4967,39 , 5006,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Kurdish/Turkey
-    {     69,   117,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 334,8 , 698,17 , 196,4 , 440,24 , 7371,63 , 7434,75 , 1483,27 , 7460,63 , 7523,75 , 134,27 , 5020,24 , 5044,57 , 798,14 , 5020,24 , 5044,57 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Laothian/Lao
-    {     71,   118,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 305,8 , 715,23 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 7509,65 , 7574,101 , 134,24 , 7598,65 , 7663,101 , 320,24 , 5101,21 , 5122,72 , 5194,14 , 5101,21 , 5122,72 , 5194,14 , 126,14 , 125,11  }, // Latvian/Latvia
-    {     72,    49,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 206,8 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 7675,39 , 7714,203 , 1483,27 , 7764,39 , 7803,203 , 134,27 , 5208,23 , 5231,98 , 798,14 , 5208,23 , 5231,98 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Lingala/DemocraticRepublicOfCongo
-    {     72,    50,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 206,8 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 7675,39 , 7714,203 , 1483,27 , 7764,39 , 7803,203 , 134,27 , 5208,23 , 5231,98 , 798,14 , 5208,23 , 5231,98 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Lingala/PeoplesRepublicOfCongo
-    {     73,   124,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 66,10 , 738,23 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 7917,69 , 7986,96 , 8082,24 , 8006,48 , 8054,96 , 8150,24 , 5329,17 , 5346,89 , 5435,14 , 5449,21 , 5346,89 , 5435,14 , 140,9 , 136,6  }, // Lithuanian/Lithuania
-    {     74,   127,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 761,7 , 111,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 8106,63 , 8169,85 , 8254,24 , 8174,63 , 8237,85 , 8322,24 , 5470,34 , 5504,54 , 1391,14 , 5470,34 , 5504,54 , 1391,14 , 149,10 , 142,8  }, // Macedonian/Macedonia
-    {     75,   128,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 334,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 8278,48 , 8326,92 , 134,24 , 8346,48 , 8394,92 , 320,24 , 5558,34 , 5592,60 , 5652,14 , 5558,34 , 5592,60 , 5652,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Malagasy/Madagascar
-    {     76,   130,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 768,13 , 464,4 , 25,15 , 8418,49 , 8467,82 , 1483,27 , 8486,49 , 8535,82 , 134,27 , 5666,28 , 5694,43 , 798,14 , 5666,28 , 5694,43 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Malay/Malaysia
-    {     76,    32,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 513,9 , 196,4 , 468,17 , 8418,49 , 8467,82 , 1483,27 , 8486,49 , 8535,82 , 134,27 , 5666,28 , 5694,43 , 798,14 , 5666,28 , 5694,43 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Malay/BruneiDarussalam
-    {     77,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 781,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 8549,66 , 8615,101 , 8716,31 , 8617,66 , 8683,101 , 8784,31 , 5737,47 , 5784,70 , 5854,22 , 5737,47 , 5784,70 , 5854,22 , 159,6 , 150,10  }, // Malayalam/India
-    {     78,   133,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 796,20 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 8747,48 , 8795,86 , 8881,24 , 8815,48 , 8863,86 , 8949,24 , 5876,28 , 5904,63 , 5967,14 , 5876,28 , 5904,63 , 5967,14 , 165,2 , 160,2  }, // Maltese/Malta
-    {     79,   154,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 8905,83 , 8905,83 , 1483,27 , 8973,83 , 8973,83 , 134,27 , 5981,48 , 5981,48 , 798,14 , 5981,48 , 5981,48 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Maori/NewZealand
-    {     80,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,  2406,    45,    43,   101, 606,6 , 90,13 , 485,7 , 492,15 , 8988,86 , 8988,86 , 9074,32 , 9056,86 , 9056,86 , 9142,32 , 6029,32 , 6061,53 , 3895,19 , 6029,32 , 6061,53 , 3895,19 , 122,2 , 121,2  }, // Marathi/India
-    {     82,    44,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 9106,48 , 9154,66 , 1483,27 , 9174,48 , 9222,66 , 134,27 , 6114,21 , 6135,43 , 798,14 , 6114,21 , 6135,43 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Mongolian/China
-    {     82,   143,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 9106,48 , 9154,66 , 1483,27 , 9174,48 , 9222,66 , 134,27 , 6114,21 , 6135,43 , 798,14 , 6114,21 , 6135,43 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Mongolian/Mongolia
-    {     84,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,  2406,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 9220,56 , 9276,80 , 9356,27 , 9288,56 , 9344,80 , 9424,27 , 6178,33 , 6211,54 , 6265,14 , 6178,33 , 6211,54 , 6265,14 , 102,9 , 103,7  }, // Nepali/India
-    {     84,   150,    46,    44,    59,    37,  2406,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 9220,56 , 9383,85 , 9356,27 , 9288,56 , 9451,85 , 9424,27 , 6178,33 , 6279,54 , 6265,14 , 6178,33 , 6279,54 , 6265,14 , 167,14 , 162,14  }, // Nepali/Nepal
-    {     85,   161,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 305,8 , 554,14 , 40,5 , 507,19 , 9468,59 , 9527,83 , 134,24 , 9536,59 , 9595,83 , 320,24 , 6333,28 , 2177,51 , 2228,14 , 6361,35 , 2177,51 , 2228,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Norwegian/Norway
-    {     86,    74,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 9610,83 , 9610,83 , 1483,27 , 9678,83 , 9678,83 , 134,27 , 6396,57 , 6396,57 , 798,14 , 6396,57 , 6396,57 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Occitan/France
-    {     87,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,  2918,    45,    43,   101, 606,6 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 9693,89 , 9693,89 , 9782,32 , 9761,89 , 9761,89 , 9850,32 , 6453,33 , 6486,54 , 6540,18 , 6453,33 , 6486,54 , 6540,18 , 122,2 , 121,2  }, // Oriya/India
-    {     88,     1,  1643,  1644,    59,  1642,  1776,  8722,    43,   101, 816,8 , 824,17 , 196,4 , 526,14 , 9814,68 , 9814,68 , 1483,27 , 9882,68 , 9882,68 , 134,27 , 6558,49 , 6558,49 , 798,14 , 6558,49 , 6558,49 , 798,14 , 181,4 , 176,4  }, // Pashto/Afghanistan
-    {     89,   102,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1776,  8722,    43,   101, 507,6 , 35,15 , 196,4 , 526,14 , 9882,71 , 9953,70 , 10023,25 , 9950,71 , 10021,73 , 10094,25 , 6558,49 , 6558,49 , 6607,14 , 6558,49 , 6558,49 , 6607,14 , 185,10 , 180,10  }, // Persian/Iran
-    {     89,     1,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1776,  8722,    43,   101, 507,6 , 35,15 , 196,4 , 526,14 , 10048,63 , 9953,70 , 10111,24 , 10119,63 , 10182,68 , 10250,24 , 6558,49 , 6558,49 , 6607,14 , 6558,49 , 6558,49 , 6607,14 , 185,10 , 180,10  }, // Persian/Afghanistan
-    {     90,   172,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 492,8 , 136,14 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 10135,48 , 10183,97 , 10280,24 , 10274,48 , 10322,99 , 10421,24 , 6621,34 , 6655,59 , 6714,14 , 6621,34 , 6655,59 , 6714,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Polish/Poland
-    {     91,   173,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 841,24 , 40,5 , 540,22 , 10304,48 , 10352,89 , 134,24 , 10445,48 , 10493,89 , 320,24 , 6728,28 , 6756,79 , 6835,14 , 6728,28 , 6756,79 , 6835,14 , 195,17 , 190,18  }, // Portuguese/Portugal
-    {     91,    30,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 841,24 , 40,5 , 540,22 , 10441,48 , 10489,89 , 134,24 , 10582,48 , 10630,89 , 320,24 , 6728,28 , 6849,79 , 6835,14 , 6728,28 , 6849,79 , 6835,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Portuguese/Brazil
-    {     91,    92,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 841,24 , 40,5 , 540,22 , 10441,48 , 10489,89 , 134,24 , 10582,48 , 10630,89 , 320,24 , 6728,28 , 6849,79 , 6835,14 , 6728,28 , 6849,79 , 6835,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Portuguese/GuineaBissau
-    {     91,   146,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 841,24 , 40,5 , 540,22 , 10441,48 , 10489,89 , 134,24 , 10582,48 , 10630,89 , 320,24 , 6728,28 , 6849,79 , 6835,14 , 6728,28 , 6849,79 , 6835,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Portuguese/Mozambique
-    {     92,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,  2662,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 111,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 10578,68 , 10578,68 , 10646,27 , 10719,68 , 10719,68 , 10787,27 , 6928,38 , 6966,55 , 7021,23 , 6928,38 , 6966,55 , 7021,23 , 212,5 , 208,4  }, // Punjabi/India
-    {     92,   163,    46,    44,    59,    37,  2662,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 111,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 10673,67 , 10673,67 , 10646,27 , 10814,67 , 10814,67 , 10787,27 , 6928,38 , 7044,37 , 7021,23 , 6928,38 , 7044,37 , 7021,23 , 212,5 , 208,4  }, // Punjabi/Pakistan
-    {     94,   206,    46,  8217,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 305,8 , 457,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 10740,67 , 10807,92 , 10899,24 , 10881,67 , 10948,92 , 11040,24 , 7081,23 , 7104,56 , 7160,14 , 7081,23 , 7104,56 , 7160,14 , 122,2 , 212,2  }, // RhaetoRomance/Switzerland
-    {     95,   141,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 865,10 , 136,14 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 10923,60 , 10983,98 , 11081,24 , 11064,60 , 11124,98 , 11222,24 , 7174,21 , 7195,48 , 2799,14 , 7174,21 , 7195,48 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Romanian/Moldova
-    {     95,   177,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 865,10 , 136,14 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 10923,60 , 10983,98 , 11081,24 , 11064,60 , 11124,98 , 11222,24 , 7174,21 , 7195,48 , 2799,14 , 7174,21 , 7195,48 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Romanian/Romania
-    {     96,   178,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 305,8 , 875,19 , 196,4 , 229,12 , 11105,62 , 11167,80 , 11247,24 , 11246,63 , 11309,82 , 11391,24 , 7243,21 , 7264,62 , 7326,14 , 7243,21 , 7340,62 , 7326,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Russian/RussianFederation
-    {     96,   141,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 305,8 , 875,19 , 196,4 , 229,12 , 11105,62 , 11167,80 , 11247,24 , 11246,63 , 11309,82 , 11391,24 , 7243,21 , 7264,62 , 7326,14 , 7243,21 , 7340,62 , 7326,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Russian/Moldova
-    {     96,   222,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 305,8 , 875,19 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 11105,62 , 11167,80 , 11247,24 , 11246,63 , 11309,82 , 11391,24 , 7243,21 , 7264,62 , 7326,14 , 7243,21 , 7340,62 , 7326,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Russian/Ukraine
-    {     98,    41,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 334,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 11271,48 , 11319,91 , 11410,24 , 11415,48 , 11463,91 , 11554,24 , 7402,28 , 7430,66 , 7496,14 , 7402,28 , 7430,66 , 7496,14 , 217,2 , 214,2  }, // Sangho/CentralAfricanRepublic
-    {     99,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,  2406,    45,    43,   101, 584,7 , 90,13 , 380,8 , 388,16 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Sanskrit/India
-    {    100,   241,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 894,7 , 901,17 , 178,5 , 183,13 , 11434,48 , 11482,81 , 8254,24 , 11578,48 , 11626,81 , 8322,24 , 7510,28 , 7538,52 , 7590,14 , 7510,28 , 7538,52 , 7590,14 , 219,9 , 216,7  }, // Serbian/SerbiaAndMontenegro
-    {    100,    27,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 103,8 , 901,17 , 40,5 , 562,43 , 11434,48 , 11563,83 , 8254,24 , 11578,48 , 11707,83 , 8322,24 , 7604,28 , 7632,54 , 7590,14 , 7604,28 , 7632,54 , 7590,14 , 219,9 , 216,7  }, // Serbian/BosniaAndHerzegowina
-    {    100,   238,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 894,7 , 901,17 , 178,5 , 183,13 , 11434,48 , 11482,81 , 8254,24 , 11578,48 , 11626,81 , 8322,24 , 7510,28 , 7538,52 , 7590,14 , 7510,28 , 7538,52 , 7590,14 , 219,9 , 216,7  }, // Serbian/Yugoslavia
-    {    100,   242,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 894,7 , 901,17 , 178,5 , 183,13 , 11646,48 , 11694,81 , 11775,24 , 11790,48 , 11838,81 , 11919,24 , 7686,28 , 7714,54 , 2051,14 , 7686,28 , 7714,54 , 2051,14 , 228,9 , 223,7  }, // Serbian/Montenegro
-    {    100,   243,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 894,7 , 901,17 , 178,5 , 183,13 , 11434,48 , 11482,81 , 8254,24 , 11578,48 , 11626,81 , 8322,24 , 7510,28 , 7538,52 , 7590,14 , 7510,28 , 7538,52 , 7590,14 , 219,9 , 216,7  }, // Serbian/Serbia
-    {    101,   241,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 894,7 , 901,17 , 178,5 , 183,13 , 11646,48 , 11694,81 , 11775,24 , 11790,48 , 11838,81 , 11919,24 , 7686,28 , 7714,54 , 2051,14 , 7686,28 , 7714,54 , 2051,14 , 228,9 , 223,7  }, // SerboCroatian/SerbiaAndMontenegro
-    {    101,    27,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 894,7 , 901,17 , 178,5 , 183,13 , 11646,48 , 11694,81 , 11775,24 , 11790,48 , 11838,81 , 11919,24 , 7686,28 , 7714,54 , 2051,14 , 7686,28 , 7714,54 , 2051,14 , 228,9 , 223,7  }, // SerboCroatian/BosniaAndHerzegowina
-    {    101,   238,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 894,7 , 901,17 , 178,5 , 183,13 , 11646,48 , 11694,81 , 11775,24 , 11790,48 , 11838,81 , 11919,24 , 7686,28 , 7714,54 , 2051,14 , 7686,28 , 7714,54 , 2051,14 , 228,9 , 223,7  }, // SerboCroatian/Yugoslavia
-    {    102,   120,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 11799,48 , 11847,105 , 1483,27 , 11943,48 , 11991,105 , 134,27 , 7768,27 , 7795,61 , 798,14 , 7768,27 , 7795,61 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Sesotho/Lesotho
-    {    102,   195,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 11799,48 , 11847,105 , 1483,27 , 11943,48 , 11991,105 , 134,27 , 7768,27 , 7795,61 , 798,14 , 7768,27 , 7795,61 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Sesotho/SouthAfrica
-    {    103,   195,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 11952,48 , 12000,117 , 1483,27 , 12096,48 , 12144,117 , 134,27 , 7856,27 , 7883,64 , 798,14 , 7856,27 , 7883,64 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Setswana/SouthAfrica
-    {    104,   240,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 12117,47 , 12164,100 , 12264,24 , 12261,47 , 12308,100 , 12408,24 , 7947,32 , 7979,55 , 8034,14 , 7947,32 , 7979,55 , 8034,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Shona/Zimbabwe
-    {    106,   198,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 536,10 , 918,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 12288,54 , 12342,92 , 12434,32 , 12432,54 , 12486,92 , 12578,32 , 8048,30 , 8078,62 , 8140,19 , 8048,30 , 8078,62 , 8140,19 , 237,5 , 230,4  }, // Singhalese/SriLanka
-    {    107,   195,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 12466,48 , 12514,114 , 1483,27 , 12610,48 , 12658,114 , 134,27 , 8159,27 , 8186,68 , 798,14 , 8159,27 , 8186,68 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Siswati/SouthAfrica
-    {    107,   204,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 12466,48 , 12514,114 , 1483,27 , 12610,48 , 12658,114 , 134,27 , 8159,27 , 8186,68 , 798,14 , 8159,27 , 8186,68 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Siswati/Swaziland
-    {    108,   191,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 546,8 , 457,15 , 196,4 , 229,12 , 12628,48 , 12676,82 , 11775,24 , 12772,48 , 12820,89 , 11919,24 , 8254,21 , 8275,52 , 8327,14 , 8254,21 , 8275,52 , 8327,14 , 242,10 , 234,9  }, // Slovak/Slovakia
-    {    109,   192,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 932,9 , 568,16 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 11646,48 , 12758,86 , 11775,24 , 11790,48 , 12909,86 , 11919,24 , 8341,28 , 8369,52 , 8421,14 , 8341,28 , 8369,52 , 8421,14 , 53,4 , 243,4  }, // Slovenian/Slovenia
-    {    110,   194,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 50,16 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 12844,48 , 12892,189 , 13081,24 , 12995,48 , 13043,189 , 13232,24 , 8435,28 , 8463,47 , 8510,14 , 8435,28 , 8463,47 , 8510,14 , 252,3 , 247,3  }, // Somali/Somalia
-    {    110,    59,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 50,16 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 12844,48 , 12892,189 , 13081,24 , 12995,48 , 13043,189 , 13232,24 , 8435,28 , 8463,47 , 8510,14 , 8435,28 , 8463,47 , 8510,14 , 252,3 , 247,3  }, // Somali/Djibouti
-    {    110,    69,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 50,16 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 12844,48 , 12892,189 , 13081,24 , 12995,48 , 13043,189 , 13232,24 , 8435,28 , 8463,47 , 8510,14 , 8435,28 , 8463,47 , 8510,14 , 252,3 , 247,3  }, // Somali/Ethiopia
-    {    110,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 50,16 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 12844,48 , 12892,189 , 13081,24 , 12995,48 , 13043,189 , 13232,24 , 8435,28 , 8463,47 , 8510,14 , 8435,28 , 8463,47 , 8510,14 , 252,3 , 247,3  }, // Somali/Kenya
-    {    111,   197,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 941,23 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Spain
-    {    111,    10,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 941,23 , 40,5 , 605,17 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Argentina
-    {    111,    26,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 941,23 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Bolivia
-    {    111,    43,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 492,8 , 941,23 , 196,4 , 45,13 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Chile
-    {    111,    47,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 500,7 , 941,23 , 196,4 , 45,13 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Colombia
-    {    111,    52,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 941,23 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/CostaRica
-    {    111,    61,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 941,23 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/DominicanRepublic
-    {    111,    63,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 941,23 , 196,4 , 45,13 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Ecuador
-    {    111,    65,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 941,23 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/ElSalvador
-    {    111,    66,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 941,23 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/EquatorialGuinea
-    {    111,    90,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 500,7 , 941,23 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Guatemala
-    {    111,    96,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 964,24 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Honduras
-    {    111,   139,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 941,23 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Mexico
-    {    111,   155,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 941,23 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Nicaragua
-    {    111,   166,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 175,8 , 941,23 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Panama
-    {    111,   168,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 941,23 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Paraguay
-    {    111,   169,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 500,7 , 941,23 , 40,5 , 622,18 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Peru
-    {    111,   174,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 175,8 , 941,23 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/PuertoRico
-    {    111,   225,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 507,6 , 941,23 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/UnitedStates
-    {    111,   227,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 941,23 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Uruguay
-    {    111,   231,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 941,23 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Venezuela
-    {    113,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 13266,48 , 13314,84 , 134,24 , 13417,48 , 13465,84 , 320,24 , 8605,22 , 8627,60 , 8687,14 , 8605,22 , 8627,60 , 8687,14 , 255,7 , 250,7  }, // Swahili/Kenya
-    {    113,   210,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 13266,48 , 13314,84 , 134,24 , 13417,48 , 13465,84 , 320,24 , 8605,22 , 8627,60 , 8687,14 , 8605,22 , 8627,60 , 8687,14 , 255,7 , 250,7  }, // Swahili/Tanzania
-    {    114,   205,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 66,10 , 988,27 , 40,5 , 507,19 , 3473,48 , 13398,86 , 134,24 , 5180,48 , 13549,86 , 320,24 , 8701,29 , 8730,50 , 2228,14 , 8701,29 , 8730,50 , 2228,14 , 262,2 , 257,2  }, // Swedish/Sweden
-    {    114,    73,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 66,10 , 988,27 , 40,5 , 507,19 , 3473,48 , 13398,86 , 134,24 , 5180,48 , 13549,86 , 320,24 , 8701,29 , 8730,50 , 2228,14 , 8701,29 , 8730,50 , 2228,14 , 262,2 , 257,2  }, // Swedish/Finland
-    {    116,   209,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 206,8 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 13484,48 , 13532,71 , 1483,27 , 13635,48 , 13683,71 , 134,27 , 8780,28 , 8808,55 , 798,14 , 8780,28 , 8808,55 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Tajik/Tajikistan
-    {    117,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 606,6 , 191,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 13603,58 , 13661,86 , 13747,31 , 13754,58 , 13812,86 , 13898,31 , 8863,20 , 8883,49 , 8863,20 , 8863,20 , 8883,49 , 8863,20 , 122,2 , 121,2  }, // Tamil/India
-    {    117,   198,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 606,6 , 191,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 13603,58 , 13661,86 , 13747,31 , 13754,58 , 13812,86 , 13898,31 , 8863,20 , 8883,49 , 8863,20 , 8863,20 , 8883,49 , 8863,20 , 122,2 , 121,2  }, // Tamil/SriLanka
-    {    118,   178,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 865,10 , 1015,8 , 196,4 , 25,15 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Tatar/RussianFederation
-    {    119,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 492,8 , 90,13 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 13778,86 , 13778,86 , 13864,30 , 13929,86 , 13929,86 , 14015,30 , 8932,32 , 8964,60 , 9024,18 , 8932,32 , 8964,60 , 9024,18 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Telugu/India
-    {    120,   211,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 334,8 , 1023,18 , 196,4 , 640,30 , 13894,63 , 13957,98 , 13894,63 , 14045,63 , 14108,98 , 14206,24 , 9042,23 , 9065,68 , 9133,14 , 9042,23 , 9065,68 , 9133,14 , 264,10 , 259,10  }, // Thai/Thailand
-    {    121,    44,    46,    44,    59,    37,  3872,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 14055,63 , 14118,158 , 1483,27 , 14230,63 , 14293,158 , 134,27 , 9147,49 , 9196,77 , 9273,21 , 9147,49 , 9196,77 , 9273,21 , 274,7 , 269,8  }, // Tibetan/China
-    {    121,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,  3872,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 14055,63 , 14118,158 , 1483,27 , 14230,63 , 14293,158 , 134,27 , 9147,49 , 9196,77 , 9273,21 , 9147,49 , 9196,77 , 9273,21 , 274,7 , 269,8  }, // Tibetan/India
-    {    122,    67,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1041,22 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 14276,46 , 14322,54 , 1034,24 , 14451,46 , 14497,54 , 1061,24 , 9294,29 , 9294,29 , 9323,14 , 9294,29 , 9294,29 , 9323,14 , 281,7 , 277,7  }, // Tigrinya/Eritrea
-    {    122,    69,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1063,22 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 926,46 , 972,62 , 1034,24 , 953,46 , 999,62 , 1061,24 , 9337,29 , 9337,29 , 9323,14 , 9337,29 , 9337,29 , 9323,14 , 281,7 , 277,7  }, // Tigrinya/Ethiopia
-    {    123,   214,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 258,6 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 14376,51 , 14427,87 , 14514,24 , 14551,51 , 14602,87 , 14689,24 , 9366,29 , 9395,60 , 9455,14 , 9366,29 , 9395,60 , 9455,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Tonga/Tonga
-    {    124,   195,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 14538,48 , 14586,122 , 1483,27 , 14713,48 , 14761,122 , 134,27 , 9469,27 , 9496,72 , 798,14 , 9469,27 , 9496,72 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Tsonga/SouthAfrica
-    {    125,   217,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 865,10 , 1085,14 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 14708,48 , 14756,75 , 14831,24 , 14883,48 , 14931,75 , 15006,24 , 9568,28 , 9596,54 , 9650,14 , 9568,28 , 9596,54 , 9650,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Turkish/Turkey
-    {    128,    44,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Uigur/China
-    {    129,   222,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 305,8 , 1099,19 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 14855,48 , 14903,95 , 14998,24 , 15030,67 , 15097,87 , 15184,24 , 9664,21 , 9685,56 , 9741,14 , 9664,21 , 9685,56 , 9741,14 , 288,2 , 284,2  }, // Ukrainian/Ukraine
-    {    130,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 258,6 , 1118,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 15022,67 , 15022,67 , 10111,24 , 15208,67 , 15208,67 , 10250,24 , 9755,36 , 9755,36 , 9791,14 , 9755,36 , 9755,36 , 9791,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Urdu/India
-    {    130,   163,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 258,6 , 1118,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 15022,67 , 15022,67 , 10111,24 , 15208,67 , 15208,67 , 10250,24 , 9755,36 , 9755,36 , 9791,14 , 9755,36 , 9755,36 , 9791,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Urdu/Pakistan
-    {    131,   228,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 206,8 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 13484,48 , 15089,115 , 11247,24 , 13635,48 , 15275,115 , 11391,24 , 9805,28 , 9833,53 , 9886,14 , 9805,28 , 9833,53 , 9886,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Uzbek/Uzbekistan
-    {    131,     1,    44,    46,    59,  1642,  1776,  8722,    43,   101, 816,8 , 1133,30 , 196,4 , 526,14 , 15204,48 , 15252,68 , 11247,24 , 15390,48 , 10182,68 , 11391,24 , 9900,21 , 6558,49 , 9886,14 , 9900,21 , 6558,49 , 9886,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Uzbek/Afghanistan
-    {    132,   232,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 1163,28 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 15320,75 , 15395,130 , 1483,27 , 15438,75 , 15513,130 , 134,27 , 9921,33 , 9954,55 , 10009,21 , 9921,33 , 9954,55 , 10009,21 , 290,2 , 286,2  }, // Vietnamese/VietNam
-    {    134,   224,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 111,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 15525,53 , 15578,87 , 15665,24 , 15643,62 , 15705,86 , 15791,24 , 10030,29 , 10059,77 , 10136,14 , 10150,30 , 10059,77 , 10136,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Welsh/UnitedKingdom
-    {    135,   187,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Wolof/Senegal
-    {    136,   195,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 15689,48 , 15737,91 , 1483,27 , 15815,48 , 15863,91 , 134,27 , 10180,28 , 10208,61 , 798,14 , 10180,28 , 10208,61 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Xhosa/SouthAfrica
-    {    138,   157,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 15828,73 , 15901,121 , 1483,27 , 15954,73 , 16027,121 , 134,27 , 10269,44 , 10313,69 , 798,14 , 10269,44 , 10313,69 , 798,14 , 292,5 , 288,5  }, // Yoruba/Nigeria
-    {    140,   195,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 76,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 16022,48 , 16070,104 , 134,24 , 16148,48 , 16196,90 , 320,24 , 10382,28 , 10410,68 , 10478,14 , 10382,28 , 10410,68 , 10478,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Zulu/SouthAfrica
-    {    141,   161,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 305,8 , 554,14 , 40,5 , 507,19 , 3915,48 , 9527,83 , 134,24 , 3967,48 , 9595,83 , 320,24 , 10492,28 , 10520,51 , 2228,14 , 10492,28 , 10520,51 , 2228,14 , 297,9 , 293,11  }, // Nynorsk/Norway
-    {    142,    27,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 206,8 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 16174,48 , 16222,83 , 1483,27 , 16286,48 , 16334,83 , 134,27 , 10571,28 , 10599,58 , 798,14 , 10571,28 , 10599,58 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Bosnian/BosniaAndHerzegowina
-    {    143,   131,    46,    44,    44,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 606,6 , 90,13 , 380,8 , 388,16 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Divehi/Maldives
-    {    144,   224,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 76,14 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 16305,102 , 16407,140 , 1483,27 , 16417,102 , 16519,140 , 134,27 , 10657,30 , 10687,57 , 798,14 , 10657,30 , 10687,57 , 798,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Manx/UnitedKingdom
-    {    145,   224,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 16547,46 , 16593,124 , 1483,27 , 16659,46 , 16705,124 , 134,27 , 10744,28 , 10772,60 , 798,14 , 10744,28 , 10772,60 , 798,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Cornish/UnitedKingdom
-    {    146,    83,    46,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 206,8 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 16717,48 , 16765,192 , 1483,27 , 16829,48 , 16877,192 , 134,27 , 10832,28 , 10860,49 , 10909,14 , 10832,28 , 10860,49 , 10909,14 , 306,2 , 304,2  }, // Akan/Ghana
-    {    147,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 606,6 , 90,13 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 16957,87 , 16957,87 , 1483,27 , 17069,87 , 17069,87 , 134,27 , 6029,32 , 10923,55 , 798,14 , 6029,32 , 10923,55 , 798,14 , 308,5 , 306,5  }, // Konkani/India
-    {    148,    83,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 206,8 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 17044,48 , 17092,94 , 1483,27 , 17156,48 , 17204,94 , 134,27 , 10978,26 , 11004,34 , 798,14 , 10978,26 , 11004,34 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Ga/Ghana
-    {    149,   157,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 17186,48 , 17234,86 , 1483,27 , 17298,48 , 17346,86 , 134,27 , 11038,29 , 11067,57 , 798,14 , 11038,29 , 11067,57 , 798,14 , 313,4 , 311,4  }, // Igbo/Nigeria
-    {    150,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 17320,48 , 17368,189 , 17557,24 , 17432,48 , 17480,189 , 17669,24 , 11124,28 , 11152,74 , 11226,14 , 11124,28 , 11152,74 , 11226,14 , 317,9 , 315,7  }, // Kamba/Kenya
-    {    151,   207,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 1191,10 , 464,4 , 25,15 , 17581,65 , 17581,65 , 1483,27 , 17693,65 , 17693,65 , 134,27 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Syriac/SyrianArabRepublic
-    {    152,    67,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1201,21 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 17646,47 , 17693,77 , 17770,24 , 17758,47 , 17805,77 , 17882,24 , 11240,26 , 11266,43 , 11309,14 , 11240,26 , 11266,43 , 11309,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Blin/Eritrea
-    {    153,    67,    46,  4808,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1222,22 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 17794,49 , 17794,49 , 17843,24 , 17906,49 , 17906,49 , 17955,24 , 11323,29 , 11323,29 , 11352,14 , 11323,29 , 11323,29 , 11352,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Geez/Eritrea
-    {    153,    69,    46,  4808,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1222,22 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 17794,49 , 17794,49 , 17843,24 , 17906,49 , 17906,49 , 17955,24 , 11323,29 , 11323,29 , 11352,14 , 11323,29 , 11323,29 , 11352,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Geez/Ethiopia
-    {    154,    53,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 206,8 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 17867,48 , 17915,124 , 1483,27 , 17979,48 , 18027,124 , 134,27 , 11366,28 , 11394,54 , 798,14 , 11366,28 , 11394,54 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Koro/IvoryCoast
-    {    155,    69,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 50,16 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 11448,28 , 11476,51 , 11527,14 , 11448,28 , 11476,51 , 11527,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Sidamo/Ethiopia
-    {    156,   157,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 206,8 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 18039,59 , 18098,129 , 1483,27 , 18151,59 , 18210,129 , 134,27 , 11541,35 , 11576,87 , 798,14 , 11541,35 , 11576,87 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Atsam/Nigeria
-    {    157,    67,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1244,20 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 926,46 , 972,62 , 1034,24 , 953,46 , 999,62 , 1061,24 , 11663,27 , 11690,41 , 11731,14 , 11663,27 , 11690,41 , 11731,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Tigre/Eritrea
-    {    158,   157,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 206,8 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 18227,57 , 18284,178 , 1483,27 , 18339,57 , 18396,178 , 134,27 , 11745,28 , 11773,44 , 798,14 , 11745,28 , 11773,44 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Jju/Nigeria
-    {    159,   106,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1264,24 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 18462,48 , 18510,77 , 18587,24 , 18574,48 , 18622,77 , 18699,24 , 11817,28 , 11845,50 , 2799,14 , 11817,28 , 11845,50 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Friulian/Italy
-    {    160,   195,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 18611,48 , 18659,111 , 1483,27 , 18723,48 , 18771,111 , 134,27 , 11895,27 , 11922,70 , 798,14 , 11895,27 , 11922,70 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Venda/SouthAfrica
-    {    161,    83,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 18770,48 , 18818,87 , 18905,24 , 18882,48 , 18930,87 , 19017,24 , 11992,32 , 12024,44 , 12068,14 , 11992,32 , 12024,44 , 12068,14 , 306,2 , 304,2  }, // Ewe/Ghana
-    {    161,   212,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 18770,48 , 18818,87 , 18905,24 , 18882,48 , 18930,87 , 19017,24 , 11992,32 , 12024,44 , 12068,14 , 11992,32 , 12024,44 , 12068,14 , 306,2 , 304,2  }, // Ewe/Togo
-    {    162,    69,    46,  8217,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1288,21 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 926,46 , 972,62 , 1034,24 , 953,46 , 999,62 , 1061,24 , 12082,27 , 12082,27 , 12109,14 , 12082,27 , 12082,27 , 12109,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Walamo/Ethiopia
-    {    163,   225,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 258,6 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 18929,59 , 18988,95 , 1483,27 , 19041,59 , 19100,95 , 134,27 , 12123,21 , 12144,57 , 798,14 , 12123,21 , 12144,57 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Hawaiian/UnitedStates
-    {    164,   157,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 206,8 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 19083,48 , 19131,153 , 1483,27 , 19195,48 , 19243,153 , 134,27 , 12201,28 , 12229,42 , 798,14 , 12201,28 , 12229,42 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Tyap/Nigeria
-    {    165,   129,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 19284,48 , 19332,91 , 1483,27 , 19396,48 , 19444,91 , 134,27 , 12271,28 , 12299,67 , 798,14 , 12271,28 , 12299,67 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Chewa/Malawi
-    {    166,   170,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 507,6 , 1309,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 19423,48 , 19471,88 , 19559,24 , 19535,48 , 19583,88 , 19671,24 , 12366,28 , 12394,55 , 12449,14 , 12463,28 , 12394,55 , 12449,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Filipino/Philippines
-    {    167,   206,    46,  8217,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 305,8 , 457,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 19583,48 , 19631,86 , 134,24 , 4729,48 , 19695,86 , 320,24 , 12491,28 , 12519,63 , 3089,14 , 12491,28 , 12519,63 , 3089,14 , 326,5 , 322,4  }, // Swiss German/Switzerland
-    {    168,    44,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 1483,27 , 19717,38 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 19781,38 , 134,27 , 12582,21 , 12603,28 , 12631,14 , 12582,21 , 12603,28 , 12631,14 , 331,2 , 326,2  }, // Sichuan Yi/China
-    {    169,    91,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Kpelle/Guinea
-    {    169,   121,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Kpelle/Liberia
-    {    170,    82,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Low German/Germany
-    {    171,   195,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 19755,48 , 19803,100 , 1483,27 , 19819,48 , 19867,100 , 134,27 , 12645,27 , 12672,66 , 798,14 , 12645,27 , 12672,66 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // South Ndebele/SouthAfrica
-    {    172,   195,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 19903,48 , 19951,94 , 1483,27 , 19967,48 , 20015,94 , 134,27 , 12738,27 , 12765,63 , 798,14 , 12738,27 , 12765,63 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Northern Sotho/SouthAfrica
-    {    173,    73,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 20045,85 , 20130,145 , 20275,24 , 20109,85 , 20194,145 , 20339,24 , 12828,33 , 12861,65 , 12926,14 , 12828,33 , 12861,65 , 12926,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Northern Sami/Finland
-    {    173,   161,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 20299,59 , 20130,145 , 20275,24 , 20363,59 , 20194,145 , 20339,24 , 12828,33 , 12940,75 , 13015,14 , 12828,33 , 12940,75 , 13015,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Northern Sami/Norway
-    {    174,   208,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 66,10 , 290,15 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 20358,48 , 20406,142 , 20548,24 , 20422,48 , 20470,142 , 20612,24 , 13029,28 , 13057,172 , 13229,14 , 13029,28 , 13057,172 , 13229,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Taroko/Taiwan
-    {    175,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 20572,48 , 20620,88 , 20708,24 , 20636,48 , 20684,88 , 20772,24 , 13243,28 , 13271,62 , 13333,14 , 13243,28 , 13271,62 , 13333,14 , 333,5 , 328,10  }, // Gusii/Kenya
-    {    176,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 20732,48 , 20780,221 , 21001,24 , 20796,48 , 20844,221 , 21065,24 , 13347,28 , 13375,106 , 13481,14 , 13347,28 , 13375,106 , 13481,14 , 338,10 , 338,10  }, // Taita/Kenya
-    {    177,   187,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 334,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 21025,48 , 21073,77 , 21150,24 , 21089,48 , 21137,77 , 21214,24 , 13495,28 , 13523,59 , 13582,14 , 13495,28 , 13523,59 , 13582,14 , 348,6 , 348,7  }, // Fulah/Senegal
-    {    178,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 21174,48 , 21222,185 , 21407,24 , 21238,48 , 21286,185 , 21471,24 , 13596,28 , 13624,63 , 13687,14 , 13596,28 , 13624,63 , 13687,14 , 354,6 , 355,8  }, // Kikuyu/Kenya
-    {    179,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 21431,48 , 21479,173 , 21652,24 , 21495,48 , 21543,173 , 21716,24 , 13701,28 , 13729,105 , 13834,14 , 13701,28 , 13729,105 , 13834,14 , 360,7 , 363,5  }, // Samburu/Kenya
-    {    180,   146,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 334,8 , 841,24 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 21676,48 , 21724,88 , 134,24 , 21740,48 , 21788,88 , 320,24 , 13848,28 , 13876,55 , 13931,14 , 13848,28 , 13876,55 , 13931,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Sena/Mozambique
-    {    181,   240,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 21812,48 , 21860,112 , 21972,24 , 21876,48 , 21924,112 , 22036,24 , 13945,28 , 13973,50 , 14023,14 , 13945,28 , 13973,50 , 14023,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // North Ndebele/Zimbabwe
-    {    182,   210,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 21996,39 , 22035,194 , 22229,24 , 22060,39 , 22099,194 , 22293,24 , 14037,28 , 14065,65 , 14130,14 , 14037,28 , 14065,65 , 14130,14 , 367,8 , 368,7  }, // Rombo/Tanzania
-    {    183,   145,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 334,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 22253,48 , 22301,81 , 22382,24 , 22317,48 , 22365,81 , 22446,24 , 14144,30 , 14174,48 , 798,14 , 14144,30 , 14174,48 , 798,14 , 375,6 , 375,8  }, // Tachelhit/Morocco
-    {    184,     3,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 334,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 22406,48 , 22454,84 , 22538,24 , 22470,48 , 22518,84 , 22602,24 , 14222,30 , 14252,51 , 14303,14 , 14222,30 , 14252,51 , 14303,14 , 381,7 , 383,9  }, // Kabyle/Algeria
-    {    185,   221,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 22562,48 , 22610,152 , 134,24 , 22626,48 , 22674,152 , 320,24 , 14317,28 , 14345,74 , 14419,14 , 14317,28 , 14345,74 , 14419,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Nyankole/Uganda
-    {    186,   210,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 22762,48 , 22810,254 , 23064,24 , 22826,48 , 22874,254 , 23128,24 , 14433,28 , 14461,82 , 14543,14 , 14433,28 , 14461,82 , 14543,14 , 388,7 , 392,7  }, // Bena/Tanzania
-    {    187,   210,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 13266,48 , 23088,87 , 134,24 , 13417,48 , 23152,87 , 320,24 , 14557,28 , 14585,62 , 14647,14 , 14557,28 , 14585,62 , 14647,14 , 395,5 , 399,9  }, // Vunjo/Tanzania
-    {    188,   132,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 334,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 23175,47 , 23222,92 , 23314,24 , 23239,47 , 23286,92 , 23378,24 , 14661,28 , 14689,44 , 14733,14 , 14661,28 , 14689,44 , 14733,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Bambara/Mali
-    {    189,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 23338,48 , 23386,207 , 23593,24 , 23402,48 , 23450,207 , 23657,24 , 14747,28 , 14775,64 , 14839,14 , 14747,28 , 14775,64 , 14839,14 , 400,2 , 408,2  }, // Embu/Kenya
-    {    190,   225,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 507,6 , 35,15 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 23617,36 , 23653,58 , 23711,24 , 23681,36 , 23717,58 , 23775,24 , 14853,28 , 14881,49 , 14930,14 , 14853,28 , 14881,49 , 14930,14 , 402,3 , 410,6  }, // Cherokee/UnitedStates
-    {    191,   137,    46,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 334,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 23735,47 , 23782,68 , 23850,24 , 23799,47 , 23846,68 , 23914,24 , 14944,27 , 14971,48 , 15019,14 , 14944,27 , 14971,48 , 15019,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Morisyen/Mauritius
-    {    192,   210,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 13266,48 , 23874,264 , 134,24 , 13417,48 , 23938,264 , 320,24 , 15033,28 , 15061,133 , 14130,14 , 15033,28 , 15061,133 , 14130,14 , 405,4 , 416,5  }, // Makonde/Tanzania
-    {    193,   210,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 24138,83 , 24221,111 , 24332,24 , 24202,83 , 24285,111 , 24396,24 , 15194,36 , 15230,63 , 15293,14 , 15194,36 , 15230,63 , 15293,14 , 409,3 , 421,3  }, // Langi/Tanzania
-    {    194,   221,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 24356,48 , 24404,97 , 134,24 , 24420,48 , 24468,97 , 320,24 , 15307,28 , 15335,66 , 15401,14 , 15307,28 , 15335,66 , 15401,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Ganda/Uganda
-    {    195,   239,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 24501,48 , 24549,83 , 24632,24 , 24565,48 , 24613,83 , 24696,24 , 15415,80 , 15415,80 , 798,14 , 15415,80 , 15415,80 , 798,14 , 412,8 , 424,7  }, // Bemba/Zambia
-    {    196,    39,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 334,8 , 841,24 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 24656,48 , 24704,86 , 134,24 , 24720,48 , 24768,86 , 320,24 , 15495,28 , 15523,73 , 15596,14 , 15495,28 , 15523,73 , 15596,14 , 122,2 , 121,2  }, // Kabuverdianu/CapeVerde
-    {    197,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 24790,48 , 24838,86 , 24924,24 , 24854,48 , 24902,86 , 24988,24 , 15610,28 , 15638,51 , 15689,14 , 15610,28 , 15638,51 , 15689,14 , 420,2 , 431,2  }, // Meru/Kenya
-    {    198,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 24948,48 , 24996,111 , 25107,24 , 25012,48 , 25060,111 , 25171,24 , 15703,28 , 15731,93 , 15824,14 , 15703,28 , 15731,93 , 15824,14 , 422,4 , 433,4  }, // Kalenjin/Kenya
-    {    199,   148,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 0,48 , 25131,136 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 25195,136 , 320,24 , 15838,23 , 15861,92 , 15953,14 , 15838,23 , 15861,92 , 15953,14 , 426,7 , 437,5  }, // Nama/Namibia
-    {    200,   210,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 13266,48 , 23088,87 , 134,24 , 13417,48 , 23152,87 , 320,24 , 14557,28 , 14585,62 , 14647,14 , 14557,28 , 14585,62 , 14647,14 , 395,5 , 399,9  }, // Machame/Tanzania
-    {    201,    82,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 1324,10 , 1334,20 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 25267,59 , 25326,87 , 134,24 , 25331,59 , 25390,87 , 320,24 , 15967,28 , 15995,72 , 3089,14 , 15967,28 , 15995,72 , 3089,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Colognian/Germany
-    {    202,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 25413,51 , 25464,132 , 1483,27 , 25477,51 , 25528,132 , 134,27 , 14557,28 , 16067,58 , 14130,14 , 14557,28 , 16067,58 , 14130,14 , 433,9 , 442,6  }, // Masai/Kenya
-    {    202,   210,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 25413,51 , 25464,132 , 1483,27 , 25477,51 , 25528,132 , 134,27 , 14557,28 , 16067,58 , 14130,14 , 14557,28 , 16067,58 , 14130,14 , 433,9 , 442,6  }, // Masai/Tanzania
-    {    203,   221,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 24356,48 , 24404,97 , 134,24 , 24420,48 , 24468,97 , 320,24 , 16125,35 , 16160,65 , 16225,14 , 16125,35 , 16160,65 , 16225,14 , 442,6 , 448,6  }, // Soga/Uganda
-    {    204,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 25596,48 , 13314,84 , 134,24 , 25660,48 , 13465,84 , 320,24 , 16239,21 , 16260,75 , 85,14 , 16239,21 , 16260,75 , 85,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Luyia/Kenya
-    {    205,   210,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 25644,48 , 13314,84 , 134,24 , 25708,48 , 13465,84 , 320,24 , 16335,28 , 8627,60 , 14647,14 , 16335,28 , 8627,60 , 14647,14 , 448,9 , 454,8  }, // Asu/Tanzania
-    {    206,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 25692,48 , 25740,94 , 25834,24 , 25756,48 , 25804,94 , 25898,24 , 16363,28 , 16391,69 , 16460,14 , 16363,28 , 16391,69 , 16460,14 , 457,9 , 462,6  }, // Teso/Kenya
-    {    206,   221,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 25692,48 , 25740,94 , 25834,24 , 25756,48 , 25804,94 , 25898,24 , 16363,28 , 16391,69 , 16460,14 , 16363,28 , 16391,69 , 16460,14 , 457,9 , 462,6  }, // Teso/Uganda
-    {    207,    67,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 50,16 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 317,48 , 518,118 , 494,24 , 344,48 , 545,118 , 521,24 , 16474,28 , 16502,56 , 16558,14 , 16474,28 , 16502,56 , 16558,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Saho/Eritrea
-    {    208,   132,    46,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 334,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 25858,46 , 25904,88 , 25992,24 , 25922,46 , 25968,88 , 26056,24 , 16572,28 , 16600,53 , 16653,14 , 16572,28 , 16600,53 , 16653,14 , 466,6 , 468,6  }, // Koyra Chiini/Mali
-    {    209,   210,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 13266,48 , 23088,87 , 134,24 , 13417,48 , 23152,87 , 320,24 , 14557,28 , 14585,62 , 14647,14 , 14557,28 , 14585,62 , 14647,14 , 395,5 , 399,9  }, // Rwa/Tanzania
-    {    210,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 26016,48 , 26064,186 , 26250,24 , 26080,48 , 26128,186 , 26314,24 , 16667,28 , 16695,69 , 16764,14 , 16667,28 , 16695,69 , 16764,14 , 472,2 , 474,2  }, // Luo/Kenya
-    {    211,   221,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 22562,48 , 22610,152 , 134,24 , 22626,48 , 22674,152 , 320,24 , 14317,28 , 14345,74 , 14419,14 , 14317,28 , 14345,74 , 14419,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Chiga/Uganda
-    {    212,   145,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 26274,48 , 26322,86 , 26408,24 , 26338,48 , 26386,86 , 26472,24 , 16778,28 , 16806,48 , 16854,14 , 16778,28 , 16806,48 , 16854,14 , 474,9 , 476,10  }, // Central Morocco Tamazight/Morocco
-    {    213,   132,    46,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 334,8 , 90,13 , 40,5 , 45,13 , 25858,46 , 25904,88 , 25992,24 , 25922,46 , 25968,88 , 26056,24 , 16868,28 , 16896,54 , 16653,14 , 16868,28 , 16896,54 , 16653,14 , 466,6 , 468,6  }, // Koyraboro Senni/Mali
-    {    214,   210,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 126,10 , 136,14 , 18,7 , 25,15 , 13266,48 , 26432,84 , 134,24 , 13417,48 , 26496,84 , 320,24 , 16950,28 , 16978,63 , 8687,14 , 16950,28 , 16978,63 , 8687,14 , 483,5 , 486,8  }, // Shambala/Tanzania
+    {      3,    69,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 35,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 158,48 , 206,111 , 134,24 , 161,48 , 209,111 , 320,24 , 113,28 , 141,55 , 85,14 , 113,28 , 141,55 , 85,14 , 2,2 , 2,2  }, // Afan/Ethiopia
+    {      3,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 35,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 158,48 , 206,111 , 134,24 , 161,48 , 209,111 , 320,24 , 113,28 , 141,55 , 85,14 , 113,28 , 141,55 , 85,14 , 2,2 , 2,2  }, // Afan/Kenya
+    {      4,    59,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 53,19 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 317,48 , 365,129 , 494,24 , 344,48 , 392,129 , 521,24 , 196,28 , 224,52 , 276,14 , 196,28 , 224,52 , 276,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Afar/Djibouti
+    {      4,    67,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 53,19 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 317,48 , 518,118 , 494,24 , 344,48 , 545,118 , 521,24 , 196,28 , 224,52 , 276,14 , 196,28 , 224,52 , 276,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Afar/Eritrea
+    {      4,    69,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 53,19 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 317,48 , 518,118 , 494,24 , 344,48 , 545,118 , 521,24 , 196,28 , 224,52 , 276,14 , 196,28 , 224,52 , 276,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Afar/Ethiopia
+    {      5,   195,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 82,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 636,48 , 684,92 , 134,24 , 663,48 , 711,92 , 320,24 , 290,21 , 311,58 , 369,14 , 290,21 , 311,58 , 369,14 , 4,3 , 4,3  }, // Afrikaans/SouthAfrica
+    {      5,   148,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 636,48 , 684,92 , 134,24 , 663,48 , 711,92 , 320,24 , 290,21 , 311,58 , 369,14 , 290,21 , 311,58 , 369,14 , 4,3 , 4,3  }, // Afrikaans/Namibia
+    {      6,     2,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 115,8 , 123,18 , 42,7 , 49,12 , 776,48 , 824,78 , 902,24 , 803,48 , 851,78 , 929,24 , 383,28 , 411,58 , 469,14 , 383,28 , 411,58 , 469,14 , 7,2 , 7,2  }, // Albanian/Albania
+    {      7,    69,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 926,46 , 972,62 , 1034,24 , 953,46 , 999,62 , 1061,24 , 483,27 , 510,28 , 538,14 , 483,27 , 510,28 , 538,14 , 9,3 , 9,4  }, // Amharic/Ethiopia
+    {      8,   186,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 151,10 , 161,18 , 18,7 , 61,12 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/SaudiArabia
+    {      8,     3,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 151,10 , 161,18 , 18,7 , 61,12 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Algeria
+    {      8,    17,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 151,10 , 161,18 , 18,7 , 61,12 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Bahrain
+    {      8,    64,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 151,10 , 161,18 , 18,7 , 61,12 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Egypt
+    {      8,   103,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 151,10 , 161,18 , 18,7 , 61,12 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Iraq
+    {      8,   109,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 151,10 , 161,18 , 18,7 , 61,12 , 1157,92 , 1157,92 , 1133,24 , 1184,92 , 1184,92 , 1160,24 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Jordan
+    {      8,   115,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 151,10 , 161,18 , 18,7 , 61,12 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Kuwait
+    {      8,   119,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 151,10 , 161,18 , 18,7 , 61,12 , 1249,92 , 1249,92 , 1133,24 , 1276,92 , 1276,92 , 1160,24 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Lebanon
+    {      8,   122,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 151,10 , 161,18 , 18,7 , 61,12 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/LibyanArabJamahiriya
+    {      8,   145,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 151,10 , 161,18 , 18,7 , 61,12 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Morocco
+    {      8,   162,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 151,10 , 161,18 , 18,7 , 61,12 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Oman
+    {      8,   175,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 151,10 , 161,18 , 18,7 , 61,12 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Qatar
+    {      8,   201,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 151,10 , 161,18 , 18,7 , 61,12 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Sudan
+    {      8,   207,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 151,10 , 161,18 , 18,7 , 61,12 , 1249,92 , 1249,92 , 1133,24 , 1276,92 , 1276,92 , 1160,24 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/SyrianArabRepublic
+    {      8,   216,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 151,10 , 161,18 , 18,7 , 61,12 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Tunisia
+    {      8,   223,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 151,10 , 161,18 , 18,7 , 61,12 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 670,38 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/UnitedArabEmirates
+    {      8,   237,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1632,    45,    43,   101, 151,10 , 161,18 , 18,7 , 61,12 , 1058,75 , 1058,75 , 1133,24 , 1085,75 , 1085,75 , 1160,24 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 552,52 , 604,52 , 656,14 , 12,1 , 13,1  }, // Arabic/Yemen
+    {      9,    11,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 179,8 , 35,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 1341,48 , 1389,94 , 1483,27 , 1368,48 , 1416,94 , 134,27 , 708,28 , 736,62 , 798,14 , 708,28 , 736,62 , 798,14 , 13,3 , 14,3  }, // Armenian/Armenia
+    {     10,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 187,8 , 195,18 , 73,8 , 81,12 , 1510,62 , 1572,88 , 1483,27 , 1510,62 , 1572,88 , 134,27 , 812,37 , 849,58 , 798,14 , 812,37 , 849,58 , 798,14 , 16,9 , 17,7  }, // Assamese/India
+    {     12,    15,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 213,8 , 221,19 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 1660,48 , 1708,77 , 1483,27 , 1660,48 , 1708,77 , 134,27 , 907,26 , 933,67 , 99,14 , 907,26 , 933,67 , 99,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Azerbaijani/Azerbaijan
+    {     12,   102,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 213,8 , 221,19 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 1660,48 , 1708,77 , 1483,27 , 1660,48 , 1708,77 , 134,27 , 907,26 , 933,67 , 99,14 , 907,26 , 933,67 , 99,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Azerbaijani/Iran
+    {     14,   197,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 240,31 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 1785,48 , 1833,93 , 1926,24 , 1785,48 , 1833,93 , 1926,24 , 1000,21 , 1021,68 , 798,14 , 1000,21 , 1021,68 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Basque/Spain
+    {     15,    18,    46,    44,    59,    37,  2534,    45,    43,   101, 271,6 , 195,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 1950,90 , 1950,90 , 2040,33 , 1950,90 , 1950,90 , 2040,33 , 1089,37 , 1126,58 , 1184,18 , 1089,37 , 1126,58 , 1184,18 , 25,9 , 24,7  }, // Bengali/Bangladesh
+    {     15,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,  2534,    45,    43,   101, 271,6 , 195,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 1950,90 , 1950,90 , 2040,33 , 1950,90 , 1950,90 , 2040,33 , 1089,37 , 1126,58 , 1184,18 , 1089,37 , 1126,58 , 1184,18 , 25,9 , 24,7  }, // Bengali/India
+    {     16,    25,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 277,29 , 93,22 , 115,35 , 2073,75 , 2148,205 , 1483,27 , 2073,75 , 2148,205 , 134,27 , 1202,34 , 1236,79 , 798,14 , 1202,34 , 1236,79 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Bhutani/Bhutan
+    {     19,    74,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Breton/France
+    {     20,    33,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 324,8 , 332,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 2353,59 , 2412,82 , 2494,24 , 2353,59 , 2412,82 , 2494,24 , 1315,21 , 1336,55 , 1391,14 , 1315,21 , 1336,55 , 1391,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Bulgarian/Bulgaria
+    {     21,   147,    46,    44,  4170,    37,  4160,    45,    43,   101, 213,8 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 2518,43 , 2561,88 , 2649,24 , 2518,43 , 2561,88 , 2649,24 , 1405,25 , 1430,54 , 1484,14 , 1405,25 , 1430,54 , 1484,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Burmese/Myanmar
+    {     22,    20,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 350,6 , 10,17 , 150,5 , 155,10 , 2673,48 , 2721,99 , 2820,24 , 2673,48 , 2721,95 , 2816,24 , 1498,21 , 1519,56 , 1575,14 , 1498,21 , 1519,56 , 1575,14 , 34,10 , 31,13  }, // Byelorussian/Belarus
+    {     23,    36,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 356,8 , 364,30 , 165,4 , 169,26 , 2844,27 , 2871,71 , 1483,27 , 2840,27 , 2867,71 , 134,27 , 1589,19 , 1608,76 , 798,14 , 1589,19 , 1608,76 , 798,14 , 44,5 , 44,5  }, // Cambodian/Cambodia
+    {     24,   197,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 394,21 , 165,4 , 195,9 , 2942,60 , 3002,82 , 3084,24 , 2938,93 , 3031,115 , 3146,24 , 1684,21 , 1705,60 , 1765,14 , 1779,28 , 1807,60 , 1867,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Catalan/Spain
+    {     25,    44,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 415,6 , 421,13 , 204,6 , 210,11 , 3108,38 , 3108,38 , 3146,39 , 3170,39 , 3170,39 , 3170,39 , 1881,21 , 1902,28 , 1930,14 , 1881,21 , 1902,28 , 1930,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Chinese/China
+    {     25,    97,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 434,7 , 421,13 , 204,6 , 221,11 , 3108,38 , 3108,38 , 1483,27 , 3170,39 , 3170,39 , 134,27 , 1944,21 , 1902,28 , 1930,14 , 1944,21 , 1902,28 , 1930,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Chinese/HongKong
+    {     25,   126,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 434,7 , 441,15 , 204,6 , 221,11 , 3108,38 , 3108,38 , 1483,27 , 3170,39 , 3170,39 , 134,27 , 1944,21 , 1902,28 , 1930,14 , 1944,21 , 1902,28 , 1930,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Chinese/Macau
+    {     25,   190,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 421,13 , 232,7 , 210,11 , 3108,38 , 3108,38 , 3146,39 , 3170,39 , 3170,39 , 3170,39 , 1881,21 , 1902,28 , 1930,14 , 1881,21 , 1902,28 , 1930,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Chinese/Singapore
+    {     25,   208,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 456,6 , 421,13 , 204,6 , 221,11 , 3108,38 , 3108,38 , 1483,27 , 3170,39 , 3170,39 , 134,27 , 1944,21 , 1902,28 , 1930,14 , 1944,21 , 1902,28 , 1930,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Chinese/Taiwan
+    {     27,    54,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 462,13 , 475,19 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 3185,49 , 3234,94 , 3328,39 , 3209,49 , 3258,98 , 3356,39 , 1965,28 , 1993,58 , 2051,14 , 1965,28 , 1993,58 , 2051,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Croatian/Croatia
+    {     28,    57,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 350,6 , 494,18 , 165,4 , 195,9 , 3328,39 , 3367,82 , 3449,24 , 134,27 , 3395,84 , 3479,24 , 2065,21 , 2086,49 , 2135,14 , 2065,21 , 2086,49 , 2135,14 , 53,4 , 53,4  }, // Czech/CzechRepublic
+    {     29,    58,    44,    46,    44,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 512,23 , 150,5 , 155,10 , 3473,48 , 3521,84 , 134,24 , 3503,59 , 3562,84 , 320,24 , 2149,28 , 2177,51 , 2228,14 , 2149,28 , 2177,51 , 2228,14 , 57,4 , 57,4  }, // Danish/Denmark
+    {     30,   151,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 535,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 3605,48 , 3653,88 , 134,24 , 3646,59 , 3705,88 , 320,24 , 2242,21 , 2263,59 , 2322,14 , 2242,21 , 2263,59 , 2322,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Dutch/Netherlands
+    {     30,    21,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 543,7 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 3605,48 , 3653,88 , 134,24 , 3646,59 , 3705,88 , 320,24 , 2242,21 , 2263,59 , 2322,14 , 2242,21 , 2263,59 , 2322,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Dutch/Belgium
+    {     31,   225,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 550,6 , 35,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/UnitedStates
+    {     31,     4,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 550,6 , 35,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/AmericanSamoa
+    {     31,    13,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 543,7 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Australia
+    {     31,    21,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 239,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Belgium
+    {     31,    22,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 556,12 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Belize
+    {     31,    28,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 82,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Botswana
+    {     31,    38,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 115,8 , 568,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Canada
+    {     31,    89,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 550,6 , 35,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Guam
+    {     31,    97,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 271,6 , 195,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/HongKong
+    {     31,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 99,16 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/India
+    {     31,   104,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // English/Ireland
+    {     31,   107,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 271,6 , 35,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Jamaica
+    {     31,   133,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Malta
+    {     31,   134,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 550,6 , 35,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/MarshallIslands
+    {     31,   137,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 550,6 , 35,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Mauritius
+    {     31,   148,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 550,6 , 35,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Namibia
+    {     31,   154,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 543,7 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/NewZealand
+    {     31,   160,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 550,6 , 35,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/NorthernMarianaIslands
+    {     31,   163,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 99,16 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Pakistan
+    {     31,   170,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 550,6 , 35,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Philippines
+    {     31,   190,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 271,6 , 35,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Singapore
+    {     31,   195,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 585,10 , 82,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/SouthAfrica
+    {     31,   215,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 550,6 , 35,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/TrinidadAndTobago
+    {     31,   224,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/UnitedKingdom
+    {     31,   226,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 550,6 , 35,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/UnitedStatesMinorOutlyingIslands
+    {     31,   234,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 550,6 , 35,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/USVirginIslands
+    {     31,   240,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 356,8 , 82,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 48,86 , 320,24 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,28 , 28,57 , 85,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // English/Zimbabwe
+    {     33,    68,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 324,8 , 494,18 , 165,4 , 263,9 , 3741,59 , 3800,91 , 3891,24 , 3793,59 , 3852,91 , 3943,24 , 2336,14 , 2350,63 , 2336,14 , 2336,14 , 2350,63 , 2336,14 , 61,14 , 61,16  }, // Estonian/Estonia
+    {     34,    71,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 535,8 , 82,17 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 3915,48 , 3963,83 , 134,24 , 3967,48 , 4015,83 , 320,24 , 2413,28 , 2441,74 , 2515,14 , 2413,28 , 2441,74 , 2515,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Faroese/FaroeIslands
+    {     36,    73,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 595,8 , 603,17 , 272,4 , 276,9 , 4046,69 , 4115,105 , 4220,24 , 4098,129 , 4098,129 , 4227,24 , 2529,21 , 2550,67 , 2617,14 , 2529,21 , 2631,81 , 2617,14 , 75,3 , 77,3  }, // Finnish/Finland
+    {     37,    74,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/France
+    {     37,    21,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 543,7 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 285,23 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Belgium
+    {     37,    37,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Cameroon
+    {     37,    38,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 115,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 239,24 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Canada
+    {     37,    41,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/CentralAfricanRepublic
+    {     37,    53,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/IvoryCoast
+    {     37,    88,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Guadeloupe
+    {     37,    91,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Guinea
+    {     37,   125,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Luxembourg
+    {     37,   128,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Madagascar
+    {     37,   132,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Mali
+    {     37,   135,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Martinique
+    {     37,   142,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Monaco
+    {     37,   156,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Niger
+    {     37,   176,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Reunion
+    {     37,   187,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Senegal
+    {     37,   206,    46,    39,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 324,8 , 10,17 , 37,5 , 308,14 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Switzerland
+    {     37,   244,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Saint Barthelemy
+    {     37,   245,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 4244,63 , 4307,85 , 134,24 , 4251,63 , 4314,85 , 320,24 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 2712,35 , 2747,52 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // French/Saint Martin
+    {     40,   197,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 82,17 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 4392,48 , 4440,87 , 4527,24 , 4399,48 , 4447,87 , 4534,24 , 2813,28 , 2841,49 , 2890,14 , 2813,28 , 2841,49 , 2890,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Galician/Spain
+    {     41,    81,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 213,8 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 4551,48 , 4599,99 , 4698,24 , 4558,48 , 4606,99 , 4705,24 , 2904,28 , 2932,62 , 2994,14 , 2904,28 , 2932,62 , 2994,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Georgian/Georgia
+    {     42,    82,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 324,8 , 494,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 4722,52 , 4774,83 , 134,24 , 4729,48 , 4777,83 , 320,24 , 3008,21 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 3103,28 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // German/Germany
+    {     42,    14,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 324,8 , 620,19 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 4722,52 , 4857,83 , 134,24 , 4860,48 , 4908,83 , 320,24 , 3008,21 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 3103,28 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // German/Austria
+    {     42,    21,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 543,7 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 239,24 , 4722,52 , 4774,83 , 134,24 , 4729,48 , 4777,83 , 320,24 , 3008,21 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 3131,28 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // German/Belgium
+    {     42,   123,    46,    39,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 324,8 , 494,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 4722,52 , 4774,83 , 134,24 , 4729,48 , 4777,83 , 320,24 , 3008,21 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 3103,28 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // German/Liechtenstein
+    {     42,   125,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 324,8 , 494,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 4722,52 , 4774,83 , 134,24 , 4729,48 , 4777,83 , 320,24 , 3008,21 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 3103,28 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // German/Luxembourg
+    {     42,   206,    46,    39,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 324,8 , 494,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 4722,52 , 4774,83 , 134,24 , 4729,48 , 4777,83 , 320,24 , 3008,21 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 3103,28 , 3029,60 , 3089,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // German/Switzerland
+    {     43,    85,    44,    46,    44,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 271,6 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 4940,50 , 4990,115 , 5105,24 , 4991,50 , 5041,115 , 5156,24 , 3159,28 , 3187,55 , 3242,14 , 3159,28 , 3187,55 , 3242,14 , 78,4 , 80,4  }, // Greek/Greece
+    {     43,    56,    44,    46,    44,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 271,6 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 4940,50 , 4990,115 , 5105,24 , 4991,50 , 5041,115 , 5156,24 , 3159,28 , 3187,55 , 3242,14 , 3159,28 , 3187,55 , 3242,14 , 78,4 , 80,4  }, // Greek/Cyprus
+    {     44,    86,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 72,10 , 82,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 3473,48 , 5129,96 , 134,24 , 5180,48 , 5228,96 , 320,24 , 3256,28 , 3284,98 , 3382,14 , 3256,28 , 3284,98 , 3382,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Greenlandic/Greenland
+    {     46,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 639,7 , 195,18 , 322,8 , 330,13 , 5225,67 , 5292,87 , 5379,31 , 5324,67 , 5391,87 , 5478,31 , 3396,32 , 3428,53 , 3481,19 , 3396,32 , 3428,53 , 3481,19 , 82,14 , 84,14  }, // Gujarati/India
+    {     47,    83,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 271,6 , 195,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 5410,48 , 5458,85 , 5543,24 , 5509,48 , 5557,85 , 5642,24 , 3500,21 , 3521,52 , 3573,14 , 3500,21 , 3521,52 , 3573,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Hausa/Ghana
+    {     47,   156,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 271,6 , 195,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 5410,48 , 5458,85 , 5543,24 , 5509,48 , 5557,85 , 5642,24 , 3500,21 , 3521,52 , 3573,14 , 3500,21 , 3521,52 , 3573,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Hausa/Niger
+    {     47,   157,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 271,6 , 195,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 5410,48 , 5458,85 , 5543,24 , 5509,48 , 5557,85 , 5642,24 , 3500,21 , 3521,52 , 3573,14 , 3500,21 , 3521,52 , 3573,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Hausa/Nigeria
+    {     47,   201,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 271,6 , 195,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 5567,55 , 5622,99 , 5543,24 , 5666,55 , 5721,99 , 5642,24 , 3587,31 , 3618,57 , 3573,14 , 3587,31 , 3618,57 , 3573,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Hausa/Sudan
+    {     48,   105,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 646,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 5721,58 , 5779,72 , 1483,27 , 5820,48 , 5868,72 , 134,27 , 3675,46 , 3721,65 , 3786,14 , 3675,46 , 3721,65 , 3786,14 , 96,6 , 98,5  }, // Hebrew/Israel
+    {     49,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,  2406,    45,    43,   101, 664,6 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 5851,75 , 5851,75 , 5926,30 , 5940,75 , 5940,75 , 6015,30 , 3800,38 , 3838,57 , 3895,19 , 3800,38 , 3838,57 , 3895,19 , 102,9 , 103,7  }, // Hindi/India
+    {     50,    98,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 670,11 , 681,19 , 165,4 , 195,9 , 5956,64 , 6020,98 , 6118,25 , 6045,64 , 6109,98 , 6207,25 , 3914,19 , 3933,52 , 3985,17 , 3914,19 , 3933,52 , 3985,17 , 111,3 , 110,3  }, // Hungarian/Hungary
+    {     51,    99,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 595,8 , 494,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 6143,48 , 6191,82 , 6273,24 , 6232,48 , 6280,82 , 6362,24 , 4002,28 , 4030,81 , 4111,14 , 4002,28 , 4030,81 , 4125,14 , 114,4 , 113,4  }, // Icelandic/Iceland
+    {     52,   101,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 123,18 , 150,5 , 276,9 , 6297,48 , 6345,87 , 134,24 , 6386,48 , 6434,87 , 320,24 , 4139,28 , 4167,43 , 4210,14 , 4139,28 , 4167,43 , 4210,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Indonesian/Indonesia
+    {     57,   104,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 6432,62 , 6494,107 , 6601,24 , 6521,62 , 6583,107 , 6690,24 , 4224,37 , 4261,75 , 4336,14 , 4224,37 , 4261,75 , 4336,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Irish/Ireland
+    {     58,   106,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 6625,48 , 6673,94 , 6767,24 , 6714,48 , 6762,94 , 6856,24 , 4350,28 , 4378,57 , 4435,14 , 4350,28 , 4449,57 , 4435,14 , 118,2 , 117,2  }, // Italian/Italy
+    {     58,   206,    46,    39,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 324,8 , 10,17 , 37,5 , 308,14 , 6625,48 , 6673,94 , 6767,24 , 6714,48 , 6762,94 , 6856,24 , 4350,28 , 4378,57 , 4435,14 , 4350,28 , 4449,57 , 4435,14 , 118,2 , 117,2  }, // Italian/Switzerland
+    {     59,   108,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 213,8 , 421,13 , 165,4 , 343,10 , 3146,39 , 3146,39 , 1483,27 , 3170,39 , 3170,39 , 134,27 , 4506,14 , 4520,28 , 4506,14 , 4506,14 , 4520,28 , 4506,14 , 120,2 , 119,2  }, // Japanese/Japan
+    {     61,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,  3302,    45,    43,   101, 664,6 , 99,16 , 322,8 , 330,13 , 6791,86 , 6791,86 , 6877,31 , 6880,86 , 6880,86 , 6966,31 , 4548,28 , 4576,53 , 4629,19 , 4548,28 , 4576,53 , 4629,19 , 122,2 , 121,2  }, // Kannada/India
+    {     63,   110,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 324,8 , 700,22 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 6908,61 , 6969,83 , 1483,27 , 6997,61 , 7058,83 , 134,27 , 4648,28 , 4676,54 , 798,14 , 4648,28 , 4676,54 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Kazakh/Kazakhstan
+    {     64,   179,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 213,8 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 7052,60 , 7112,101 , 1483,27 , 7141,60 , 7201,101 , 134,27 , 4730,35 , 4765,84 , 798,14 , 4730,35 , 4765,84 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Kinyarwanda/Rwanda
+    {     65,   116,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Kirghiz/Kyrgyzstan
+    {     66,   114,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 722,9 , 731,16 , 353,7 , 360,13 , 7213,39 , 7213,39 , 7213,39 , 7302,39 , 7302,39 , 7302,39 , 4849,14 , 4863,28 , 4849,14 , 4849,14 , 4863,28 , 4849,14 , 124,2 , 123,2  }, // Korean/RepublicOfKorea
+    {     67,   102,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 4891,42 , 4891,42 , 4933,14 , 4891,42 , 4891,42 , 4933,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Kurdish/Iran
+    {     67,   103,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 4891,42 , 4891,42 , 4933,14 , 4891,42 , 4891,42 , 4933,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Kurdish/Iraq
+    {     67,   207,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 7252,41 , 7293,51 , 7344,27 , 7341,41 , 7382,51 , 7433,27 , 4947,20 , 4967,39 , 5006,14 , 4947,20 , 4967,39 , 5006,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Kurdish/SyrianArabRepublic
+    {     67,   217,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 7252,41 , 7293,51 , 7344,27 , 7341,41 , 7382,51 , 7433,27 , 4947,20 , 4967,39 , 5006,14 , 4947,20 , 4967,39 , 5006,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Kurdish/Turkey
+    {     69,   117,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 356,8 , 747,18 , 165,4 , 373,21 , 7371,63 , 7434,75 , 1483,27 , 7460,63 , 7523,75 , 134,27 , 5020,24 , 5044,57 , 798,14 , 5020,24 , 5044,57 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Laothian/Lao
+    {     71,   118,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 324,8 , 765,26 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 7509,65 , 7574,101 , 134,24 , 7598,65 , 7663,101 , 320,24 , 5101,21 , 5122,72 , 5194,14 , 5101,21 , 5122,72 , 5194,14 , 126,14 , 125,11  }, // Latvian/Latvia
+    {     72,    49,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 213,8 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 7675,39 , 7714,203 , 1483,27 , 7764,39 , 7803,203 , 134,27 , 5208,23 , 5231,98 , 798,14 , 5208,23 , 5231,98 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Lingala/DemocraticRepublicOfCongo
+    {     72,    50,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 213,8 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 7675,39 , 7714,203 , 1483,27 , 7764,39 , 7803,203 , 134,27 , 5208,23 , 5231,98 , 798,14 , 5208,23 , 5231,98 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Lingala/PeoplesRepublicOfCongo
+    {     73,   124,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 72,10 , 791,26 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 7917,69 , 7986,96 , 8082,24 , 8006,48 , 8054,96 , 8150,24 , 5329,17 , 5346,89 , 5435,14 , 5449,21 , 5346,89 , 5435,14 , 140,9 , 136,6  }, // Lithuanian/Lithuania
+    {     74,   127,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 817,7 , 123,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 8106,63 , 8169,85 , 8254,24 , 8174,63 , 8237,85 , 8322,24 , 5470,34 , 5504,54 , 1391,14 , 5470,34 , 5504,54 , 1391,14 , 149,10 , 142,8  }, // Macedonian/Macedonia
+    {     75,   128,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 356,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 8278,48 , 8326,92 , 134,24 , 8346,48 , 8394,92 , 320,24 , 5558,34 , 5592,60 , 5652,14 , 5558,34 , 5592,60 , 5652,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Malagasy/Madagascar
+    {     76,   130,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 824,16 , 394,4 , 25,12 , 8418,49 , 8467,82 , 1483,27 , 8486,49 , 8535,82 , 134,27 , 5666,28 , 5694,43 , 798,14 , 5666,28 , 5694,43 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Malay/Malaysia
+    {     76,    32,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 556,12 , 165,4 , 398,14 , 8418,49 , 8467,82 , 1483,27 , 8486,49 , 8535,82 , 134,27 , 5666,28 , 5694,43 , 798,14 , 5666,28 , 5694,43 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Malay/BruneiDarussalam
+    {     77,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 840,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 8549,66 , 8615,101 , 8716,31 , 8617,66 , 8683,101 , 8784,31 , 5737,47 , 5784,70 , 5854,22 , 5737,47 , 5784,70 , 5854,22 , 159,6 , 150,10  }, // Malayalam/India
+    {     78,   133,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 858,23 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 8747,48 , 8795,86 , 8881,24 , 8815,48 , 8863,86 , 8949,24 , 5876,28 , 5904,63 , 5967,14 , 5876,28 , 5904,63 , 5967,14 , 165,2 , 160,2  }, // Maltese/Malta
+    {     79,   154,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 8905,83 , 8905,83 , 1483,27 , 8973,83 , 8973,83 , 134,27 , 5981,48 , 5981,48 , 798,14 , 5981,48 , 5981,48 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Maori/NewZealand
+    {     80,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,  2406,    45,    43,   101, 664,6 , 99,16 , 412,7 , 419,12 , 8988,86 , 8988,86 , 9074,32 , 9056,86 , 9056,86 , 9142,32 , 6029,32 , 6061,53 , 3895,19 , 6029,32 , 6061,53 , 3895,19 , 122,2 , 121,2  }, // Marathi/India
+    {     82,    44,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 9106,48 , 9154,66 , 1483,27 , 9174,48 , 9222,66 , 134,27 , 6114,21 , 6135,43 , 798,14 , 6114,21 , 6135,43 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Mongolian/China
+    {     82,   143,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 9106,48 , 9154,66 , 1483,27 , 9174,48 , 9222,66 , 134,27 , 6114,21 , 6135,43 , 798,14 , 6114,21 , 6135,43 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Mongolian/Mongolia
+    {     84,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,  2406,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 9220,56 , 9276,80 , 9356,27 , 9288,56 , 9344,80 , 9424,27 , 6178,33 , 6211,54 , 6265,14 , 6178,33 , 6211,54 , 6265,14 , 102,9 , 103,7  }, // Nepali/India
+    {     84,   150,    46,    44,    59,    37,  2406,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 9220,56 , 9383,85 , 9356,27 , 9288,56 , 9451,85 , 9424,27 , 6178,33 , 6279,54 , 6265,14 , 6178,33 , 6279,54 , 6265,14 , 167,14 , 162,14  }, // Nepali/Nepal
+    {     85,   161,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 324,8 , 603,17 , 37,5 , 431,16 , 9468,59 , 9527,83 , 134,24 , 9536,59 , 9595,83 , 320,24 , 6333,28 , 2177,51 , 2228,14 , 6361,35 , 2177,51 , 2228,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Norwegian/Norway
+    {     86,    74,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 9610,83 , 9610,83 , 1483,27 , 9678,83 , 9678,83 , 134,27 , 6396,57 , 6396,57 , 798,14 , 6396,57 , 6396,57 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Occitan/France
+    {     87,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,  2918,    45,    43,   101, 664,6 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 9693,89 , 9693,89 , 9782,32 , 9761,89 , 9761,89 , 9850,32 , 6453,33 , 6486,54 , 6540,18 , 6453,33 , 6486,54 , 6540,18 , 122,2 , 121,2  }, // Oriya/India
+    {     88,     1,  1643,  1644,    59,  1642,  1776,  8722,    43,   101, 881,8 , 889,20 , 165,4 , 447,11 , 9814,68 , 9814,68 , 1483,27 , 9882,68 , 9882,68 , 134,27 , 6558,49 , 6558,49 , 798,14 , 6558,49 , 6558,49 , 798,14 , 181,4 , 176,4  }, // Pashto/Afghanistan
+    {     89,   102,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1776,  8722,    43,   101, 550,6 , 35,18 , 165,4 , 447,11 , 9882,71 , 9953,70 , 10023,25 , 9950,71 , 10021,73 , 10094,25 , 6558,49 , 6558,49 , 6607,14 , 6558,49 , 6558,49 , 6607,14 , 185,10 , 180,10  }, // Persian/Iran
+    {     89,     1,  1643,  1644,  1563,  1642,  1776,  8722,    43,   101, 550,6 , 35,18 , 165,4 , 447,11 , 10048,63 , 9953,70 , 10111,24 , 10119,63 , 10182,68 , 10250,24 , 6558,49 , 6558,49 , 6607,14 , 6558,49 , 6558,49 , 6607,14 , 185,10 , 180,10  }, // Persian/Afghanistan
+    {     90,   172,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 535,8 , 10,17 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 10135,48 , 10183,97 , 10280,24 , 10274,48 , 10322,99 , 10421,24 , 6621,34 , 6655,59 , 6714,14 , 6621,34 , 6655,59 , 6714,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Polish/Poland
+    {     91,   173,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 909,27 , 37,5 , 458,19 , 10304,48 , 10352,89 , 134,24 , 10445,48 , 10493,89 , 320,24 , 6728,28 , 6756,79 , 6835,14 , 6728,28 , 6756,79 , 6835,14 , 195,17 , 190,18  }, // Portuguese/Portugal
+    {     91,    30,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 909,27 , 37,5 , 458,19 , 10441,48 , 10489,89 , 134,24 , 10582,48 , 10630,89 , 320,24 , 6728,28 , 6849,79 , 6835,14 , 6728,28 , 6849,79 , 6835,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Portuguese/Brazil
+    {     91,    92,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 909,27 , 37,5 , 458,19 , 10441,48 , 10489,89 , 134,24 , 10582,48 , 10630,89 , 320,24 , 6728,28 , 6849,79 , 6835,14 , 6728,28 , 6849,79 , 6835,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Portuguese/GuineaBissau
+    {     91,   146,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 909,27 , 37,5 , 458,19 , 10441,48 , 10489,89 , 134,24 , 10582,48 , 10630,89 , 320,24 , 6728,28 , 6849,79 , 6835,14 , 6728,28 , 6849,79 , 6835,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Portuguese/Mozambique
+    {     92,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,  2662,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 123,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 10578,68 , 10578,68 , 10646,27 , 10719,68 , 10719,68 , 10787,27 , 6928,38 , 6966,55 , 7021,23 , 6928,38 , 6966,55 , 7021,23 , 212,5 , 208,4  }, // Punjabi/India
+    {     92,   163,    46,    44,    59,    37,  2662,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 123,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 10673,67 , 10673,67 , 10646,27 , 10814,67 , 10814,67 , 10787,27 , 6928,38 , 7044,37 , 7021,23 , 6928,38 , 7044,37 , 7021,23 , 212,5 , 208,4  }, // Punjabi/Pakistan
+    {     94,   206,    46,  8217,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 324,8 , 494,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 10740,67 , 10807,92 , 10899,24 , 10881,67 , 10948,92 , 11040,24 , 7081,23 , 7104,56 , 7160,14 , 7081,23 , 7104,56 , 7160,14 , 122,2 , 212,2  }, // RhaetoRomance/Switzerland
+    {     95,   141,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 936,10 , 10,17 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 10923,60 , 10983,98 , 11081,24 , 11064,60 , 11124,98 , 11222,24 , 7174,21 , 7195,48 , 2799,14 , 7174,21 , 7195,48 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Romanian/Moldova
+    {     95,   177,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 936,10 , 10,17 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 10923,60 , 10983,98 , 11081,24 , 11064,60 , 11124,98 , 11222,24 , 7174,21 , 7195,48 , 2799,14 , 7174,21 , 7195,48 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Romanian/Romania
+    {     96,   178,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 324,8 , 946,22 , 165,4 , 195,9 , 11105,62 , 11167,80 , 11247,24 , 11246,63 , 11309,82 , 11391,24 , 7243,21 , 7264,62 , 7326,14 , 7243,21 , 7340,62 , 7326,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Russian/RussianFederation
+    {     96,   141,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 324,8 , 946,22 , 165,4 , 195,9 , 11105,62 , 11167,80 , 11247,24 , 11246,63 , 11309,82 , 11391,24 , 7243,21 , 7264,62 , 7326,14 , 7243,21 , 7340,62 , 7326,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Russian/Moldova
+    {     96,   222,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 324,8 , 946,22 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 11105,62 , 11167,80 , 11247,24 , 11246,63 , 11309,82 , 11391,24 , 7243,21 , 7264,62 , 7326,14 , 7243,21 , 7340,62 , 7326,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Russian/Ukraine
+    {     98,    41,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 356,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 11271,48 , 11319,91 , 11410,24 , 11415,48 , 11463,91 , 11554,24 , 7402,28 , 7430,66 , 7496,14 , 7402,28 , 7430,66 , 7496,14 , 217,2 , 214,2  }, // Sangho/CentralAfricanRepublic
+    {     99,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,  2406,    45,    43,   101, 639,7 , 99,16 , 322,8 , 330,13 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Sanskrit/India
+    {    100,   241,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 968,7 , 975,20 , 150,5 , 155,10 , 11434,48 , 11482,81 , 8254,24 , 11578,48 , 11626,81 , 8322,24 , 7510,28 , 7538,52 , 7590,14 , 7510,28 , 7538,52 , 7590,14 , 219,9 , 216,7  }, // Serbian/SerbiaAndMontenegro
+    {    100,    27,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 115,8 , 975,20 , 37,5 , 477,40 , 11434,48 , 11563,83 , 8254,24 , 11578,48 , 11707,83 , 8322,24 , 7604,28 , 7632,54 , 7590,14 , 7604,28 , 7632,54 , 7590,14 , 219,9 , 216,7  }, // Serbian/BosniaAndHerzegowina
+    {    100,   238,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 968,7 , 975,20 , 150,5 , 155,10 , 11434,48 , 11482,81 , 8254,24 , 11578,48 , 11626,81 , 8322,24 , 7510,28 , 7538,52 , 7590,14 , 7510,28 , 7538,52 , 7590,14 , 219,9 , 216,7  }, // Serbian/Yugoslavia
+    {    100,   242,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 968,7 , 975,20 , 150,5 , 155,10 , 11646,48 , 11694,81 , 11775,24 , 11790,48 , 11838,81 , 11919,24 , 7686,28 , 7714,54 , 2051,14 , 7686,28 , 7714,54 , 2051,14 , 228,9 , 223,7  }, // Serbian/Montenegro
+    {    100,   243,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 968,7 , 975,20 , 150,5 , 155,10 , 11434,48 , 11482,81 , 8254,24 , 11578,48 , 11626,81 , 8322,24 , 7510,28 , 7538,52 , 7590,14 , 7510,28 , 7538,52 , 7590,14 , 219,9 , 216,7  }, // Serbian/Serbia
+    {    101,   241,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 968,7 , 975,20 , 150,5 , 155,10 , 11646,48 , 11694,81 , 11775,24 , 11790,48 , 11838,81 , 11919,24 , 7686,28 , 7714,54 , 2051,14 , 7686,28 , 7714,54 , 2051,14 , 228,9 , 223,7  }, // SerboCroatian/SerbiaAndMontenegro
+    {    101,    27,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 968,7 , 975,20 , 150,5 , 155,10 , 11646,48 , 11694,81 , 11775,24 , 11790,48 , 11838,81 , 11919,24 , 7686,28 , 7714,54 , 2051,14 , 7686,28 , 7714,54 , 2051,14 , 228,9 , 223,7  }, // SerboCroatian/BosniaAndHerzegowina
+    {    101,   238,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 968,7 , 975,20 , 150,5 , 155,10 , 11646,48 , 11694,81 , 11775,24 , 11790,48 , 11838,81 , 11919,24 , 7686,28 , 7714,54 , 2051,14 , 7686,28 , 7714,54 , 2051,14 , 228,9 , 223,7  }, // SerboCroatian/Yugoslavia
+    {    102,   120,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 11799,48 , 11847,105 , 1483,27 , 11943,48 , 11991,105 , 134,27 , 7768,27 , 7795,61 , 798,14 , 7768,27 , 7795,61 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Sesotho/Lesotho
+    {    102,   195,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 11799,48 , 11847,105 , 1483,27 , 11943,48 , 11991,105 , 134,27 , 7768,27 , 7795,61 , 798,14 , 7768,27 , 7795,61 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Sesotho/SouthAfrica
+    {    103,   195,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 11952,48 , 12000,117 , 1483,27 , 12096,48 , 12144,117 , 134,27 , 7856,27 , 7883,64 , 798,14 , 7856,27 , 7883,64 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Setswana/SouthAfrica
+    {    104,   240,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 12117,47 , 12164,100 , 12264,24 , 12261,47 , 12308,100 , 12408,24 , 7947,32 , 7979,55 , 8034,14 , 7947,32 , 7979,55 , 8034,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Shona/Zimbabwe
+    {    106,   198,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 585,10 , 995,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 12288,54 , 12342,92 , 12434,32 , 12432,54 , 12486,92 , 12578,32 , 8048,30 , 8078,62 , 8140,19 , 8048,30 , 8078,62 , 8140,19 , 237,5 , 230,4  }, // Singhalese/SriLanka
+    {    107,   195,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 12466,48 , 12514,114 , 1483,27 , 12610,48 , 12658,114 , 134,27 , 8159,27 , 8186,68 , 798,14 , 8159,27 , 8186,68 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Siswati/SouthAfrica
+    {    107,   204,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 12466,48 , 12514,114 , 1483,27 , 12610,48 , 12658,114 , 134,27 , 8159,27 , 8186,68 , 798,14 , 8159,27 , 8186,68 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Siswati/Swaziland
+    {    108,   191,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 595,8 , 494,18 , 165,4 , 195,9 , 12628,48 , 12676,82 , 11775,24 , 12772,48 , 12820,89 , 11919,24 , 8254,21 , 8275,52 , 8327,14 , 8254,21 , 8275,52 , 8327,14 , 242,10 , 234,9  }, // Slovak/Slovakia
+    {    109,   192,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 1012,9 , 620,19 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 11646,48 , 12758,86 , 11775,24 , 11790,48 , 12909,86 , 11919,24 , 8341,28 , 8369,52 , 8421,14 , 8341,28 , 8369,52 , 8421,14 , 53,4 , 243,4  }, // Slovenian/Slovenia
+    {    110,   194,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 53,19 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 12844,48 , 12892,189 , 13081,24 , 12995,48 , 13043,189 , 13232,24 , 8435,28 , 8463,47 , 8510,14 , 8435,28 , 8463,47 , 8510,14 , 252,3 , 247,3  }, // Somali/Somalia
+    {    110,    59,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 53,19 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 12844,48 , 12892,189 , 13081,24 , 12995,48 , 13043,189 , 13232,24 , 8435,28 , 8463,47 , 8510,14 , 8435,28 , 8463,47 , 8510,14 , 252,3 , 247,3  }, // Somali/Djibouti
+    {    110,    69,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 53,19 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 12844,48 , 12892,189 , 13081,24 , 12995,48 , 13043,189 , 13232,24 , 8435,28 , 8463,47 , 8510,14 , 8435,28 , 8463,47 , 8510,14 , 252,3 , 247,3  }, // Somali/Ethiopia
+    {    110,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 53,19 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 12844,48 , 12892,189 , 13081,24 , 12995,48 , 13043,189 , 13232,24 , 8435,28 , 8463,47 , 8510,14 , 8435,28 , 8463,47 , 8510,14 , 252,3 , 247,3  }, // Somali/Kenya
+    {    111,   197,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1021,26 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Spain
+    {    111,    10,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1021,26 , 37,5 , 517,14 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Argentina
+    {    111,    26,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1021,26 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Bolivia
+    {    111,    43,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 535,8 , 1021,26 , 165,4 , 8,10 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Chile
+    {    111,    47,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 543,7 , 1021,26 , 165,4 , 8,10 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Colombia
+    {    111,    52,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1021,26 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/CostaRica
+    {    111,    61,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1021,26 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/DominicanRepublic
+    {    111,    63,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1021,26 , 165,4 , 8,10 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Ecuador
+    {    111,    65,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1021,26 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/ElSalvador
+    {    111,    66,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1021,26 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/EquatorialGuinea
+    {    111,    90,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 543,7 , 1021,26 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Guatemala
+    {    111,    96,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1047,27 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Honduras
+    {    111,   139,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1021,26 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Mexico
+    {    111,   155,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1021,26 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Nicaragua
+    {    111,   166,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 179,8 , 1021,26 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Panama
+    {    111,   168,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1021,26 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Paraguay
+    {    111,   169,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 543,7 , 1021,26 , 37,5 , 531,15 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Peru
+    {    111,   174,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 179,8 , 1021,26 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/PuertoRico
+    {    111,   225,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 550,6 , 1021,26 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/UnitedStates
+    {    111,   227,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1021,26 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Uruguay
+    {    111,   231,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1021,26 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 13105,48 , 13153,89 , 13242,24 , 13256,48 , 13304,89 , 13393,24 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 8524,28 , 8552,53 , 2799,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Spanish/Venezuela
+    {    113,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 13266,48 , 13314,84 , 134,24 , 13417,48 , 13465,84 , 320,24 , 8605,22 , 8627,60 , 8687,14 , 8605,22 , 8627,60 , 8687,14 , 255,7 , 250,7  }, // Swahili/Kenya
+    {    113,   210,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 13266,48 , 13314,84 , 134,24 , 13417,48 , 13465,84 , 320,24 , 8605,22 , 8627,60 , 8687,14 , 8605,22 , 8627,60 , 8687,14 , 255,7 , 250,7  }, // Swahili/Tanzania
+    {    114,   205,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 72,10 , 1074,30 , 37,5 , 431,16 , 3473,48 , 13398,86 , 134,24 , 5180,48 , 13549,86 , 320,24 , 8701,29 , 8730,50 , 2228,14 , 8701,29 , 8730,50 , 2228,14 , 262,2 , 257,2  }, // Swedish/Sweden
+    {    114,    73,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 72,10 , 1074,30 , 37,5 , 431,16 , 3473,48 , 13398,86 , 134,24 , 5180,48 , 13549,86 , 320,24 , 8701,29 , 8730,50 , 2228,14 , 8701,29 , 8730,50 , 2228,14 , 262,2 , 257,2  }, // Swedish/Finland
+    {    116,   209,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 213,8 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 13484,48 , 13532,71 , 1483,27 , 13635,48 , 13683,71 , 134,27 , 8780,28 , 8808,55 , 798,14 , 8780,28 , 8808,55 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Tajik/Tajikistan
+    {    117,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 664,6 , 195,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 13603,58 , 13661,86 , 13747,31 , 13754,58 , 13812,86 , 13898,31 , 8863,20 , 8883,49 , 8863,20 , 8863,20 , 8883,49 , 8863,20 , 122,2 , 121,2  }, // Tamil/India
+    {    117,   198,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 664,6 , 195,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 13603,58 , 13661,86 , 13747,31 , 13754,58 , 13812,86 , 13898,31 , 8863,20 , 8883,49 , 8863,20 , 8863,20 , 8883,49 , 8863,20 , 122,2 , 121,2  }, // Tamil/SriLanka
+    {    118,   178,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 936,10 , 1104,11 , 165,4 , 25,12 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Tatar/RussianFederation
+    {    119,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 535,8 , 99,16 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 13778,86 , 13778,86 , 13864,30 , 13929,86 , 13929,86 , 14015,30 , 8932,32 , 8964,60 , 9024,18 , 8932,32 , 8964,60 , 9024,18 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Telugu/India
+    {    120,   211,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 356,8 , 1115,19 , 165,4 , 546,27 , 13894,63 , 13957,98 , 13894,63 , 14045,63 , 14108,98 , 14206,24 , 9042,23 , 9065,68 , 9133,14 , 9042,23 , 9065,68 , 9133,14 , 264,10 , 259,10  }, // Thai/Thailand
+    {    121,    44,    46,    44,    59,    37,  3872,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 14055,63 , 14118,158 , 1483,27 , 14230,63 , 14293,158 , 134,27 , 9147,49 , 9196,77 , 9273,21 , 9147,49 , 9196,77 , 9273,21 , 274,7 , 269,8  }, // Tibetan/China
+    {    121,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,  3872,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 14055,63 , 14118,158 , 1483,27 , 14230,63 , 14293,158 , 134,27 , 9147,49 , 9196,77 , 9273,21 , 9147,49 , 9196,77 , 9273,21 , 274,7 , 269,8  }, // Tibetan/India
+    {    122,    67,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1134,23 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 14276,46 , 14322,54 , 1034,24 , 14451,46 , 14497,54 , 1061,24 , 9294,29 , 9294,29 , 9323,14 , 9294,29 , 9294,29 , 9323,14 , 281,7 , 277,7  }, // Tigrinya/Eritrea
+    {    122,    69,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1157,23 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 926,46 , 972,62 , 1034,24 , 953,46 , 999,62 , 1061,24 , 9337,29 , 9337,29 , 9323,14 , 9337,29 , 9337,29 , 9323,14 , 281,7 , 277,7  }, // Tigrinya/Ethiopia
+    {    123,   214,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 271,6 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 14376,51 , 14427,87 , 14514,24 , 14551,51 , 14602,87 , 14689,24 , 9366,29 , 9395,60 , 9455,14 , 9366,29 , 9395,60 , 9455,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Tonga/Tonga
+    {    124,   195,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 14538,48 , 14586,122 , 1483,27 , 14713,48 , 14761,122 , 134,27 , 9469,27 , 9496,72 , 798,14 , 9469,27 , 9496,72 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Tsonga/SouthAfrica
+    {    125,   217,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 936,10 , 1180,17 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 14708,48 , 14756,75 , 14831,24 , 14883,48 , 14931,75 , 15006,24 , 9568,28 , 9596,54 , 9650,14 , 9568,28 , 9596,54 , 9650,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Turkish/Turkey
+    {    128,    44,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Uigur/China
+    {    129,   222,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 324,8 , 1197,22 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 14855,48 , 14903,95 , 14998,24 , 15030,67 , 15097,87 , 15184,24 , 9664,21 , 9685,56 , 9741,14 , 9664,21 , 9685,56 , 9741,14 , 288,2 , 284,2  }, // Ukrainian/Ukraine
+    {    130,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 271,6 , 1219,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 15022,67 , 15022,67 , 10111,24 , 15208,67 , 15208,67 , 10250,24 , 9755,36 , 9755,36 , 9791,14 , 9755,36 , 9755,36 , 9791,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Urdu/India
+    {    130,   163,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 271,6 , 1219,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 15022,67 , 15022,67 , 10111,24 , 15208,67 , 15208,67 , 10250,24 , 9755,36 , 9755,36 , 9791,14 , 9755,36 , 9755,36 , 9791,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Urdu/Pakistan
+    {    131,   228,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 213,8 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 13484,48 , 15089,115 , 11247,24 , 13635,48 , 15275,115 , 11391,24 , 9805,28 , 9833,53 , 9886,14 , 9805,28 , 9833,53 , 9886,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Uzbek/Uzbekistan
+    {    131,     1,    44,    46,    59,  1642,  1776,  8722,    43,   101, 881,8 , 1237,33 , 165,4 , 447,11 , 15204,48 , 15252,68 , 11247,24 , 15390,48 , 10182,68 , 11391,24 , 9900,21 , 6558,49 , 9886,14 , 9900,21 , 6558,49 , 9886,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Uzbek/Afghanistan
+    {    132,   232,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 1270,31 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 15320,75 , 15395,130 , 1483,27 , 15438,75 , 15513,130 , 134,27 , 9921,33 , 9954,55 , 10009,21 , 9921,33 , 9954,55 , 10009,21 , 290,2 , 286,2  }, // Vietnamese/VietNam
+    {    134,   224,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 123,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 15525,53 , 15578,87 , 15665,24 , 15643,62 , 15705,86 , 15791,24 , 10030,29 , 10059,77 , 10136,14 , 10150,30 , 10059,77 , 10136,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Welsh/UnitedKingdom
+    {    135,   187,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Wolof/Senegal
+    {    136,   195,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 15689,48 , 15737,91 , 1483,27 , 15815,48 , 15863,91 , 134,27 , 10180,28 , 10208,61 , 798,14 , 10180,28 , 10208,61 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Xhosa/SouthAfrica
+    {    138,   157,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 15828,73 , 15901,121 , 1483,27 , 15954,73 , 16027,121 , 134,27 , 10269,44 , 10313,69 , 798,14 , 10269,44 , 10313,69 , 798,14 , 292,5 , 288,5  }, // Yoruba/Nigeria
+    {    140,   195,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 82,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 16022,48 , 16070,104 , 134,24 , 16148,48 , 16196,90 , 320,24 , 10382,28 , 10410,68 , 10478,14 , 10382,28 , 10410,68 , 10478,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Zulu/SouthAfrica
+    {    141,   161,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 324,8 , 603,17 , 37,5 , 431,16 , 3915,48 , 9527,83 , 134,24 , 3967,48 , 9595,83 , 320,24 , 10492,28 , 10520,51 , 2228,14 , 10492,28 , 10520,51 , 2228,14 , 297,9 , 293,11  }, // Nynorsk/Norway
+    {    142,    27,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 213,8 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 16174,48 , 16222,83 , 1483,27 , 16286,48 , 16334,83 , 134,27 , 10571,28 , 10599,58 , 798,14 , 10571,28 , 10599,58 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Bosnian/BosniaAndHerzegowina
+    {    143,   131,    46,    44,    44,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 664,6 , 99,16 , 322,8 , 330,13 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Divehi/Maldives
+    {    144,   224,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 82,17 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 16305,102 , 16407,140 , 1483,27 , 16417,102 , 16519,140 , 134,27 , 10657,30 , 10687,57 , 798,14 , 10657,30 , 10687,57 , 798,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Manx/UnitedKingdom
+    {    145,   224,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 16547,46 , 16593,124 , 1483,27 , 16659,46 , 16705,124 , 134,27 , 10744,28 , 10772,60 , 798,14 , 10744,28 , 10772,60 , 798,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Cornish/UnitedKingdom
+    {    146,    83,    46,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 213,8 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 16717,48 , 16765,192 , 1483,27 , 16829,48 , 16877,192 , 134,27 , 10832,28 , 10860,49 , 10909,14 , 10832,28 , 10860,49 , 10909,14 , 306,2 , 304,2  }, // Akan/Ghana
+    {    147,   100,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 664,6 , 99,16 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 16957,87 , 16957,87 , 1483,27 , 17069,87 , 17069,87 , 134,27 , 6029,32 , 10923,55 , 798,14 , 6029,32 , 10923,55 , 798,14 , 308,5 , 306,5  }, // Konkani/India
+    {    148,    83,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 213,8 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 17044,48 , 17092,94 , 1483,27 , 17156,48 , 17204,94 , 134,27 , 10978,26 , 11004,34 , 798,14 , 10978,26 , 11004,34 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Ga/Ghana
+    {    149,   157,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 17186,48 , 17234,86 , 1483,27 , 17298,48 , 17346,86 , 134,27 , 11038,29 , 11067,57 , 798,14 , 11038,29 , 11067,57 , 798,14 , 313,4 , 311,4  }, // Igbo/Nigeria
+    {    150,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 17320,48 , 17368,189 , 17557,24 , 17432,48 , 17480,189 , 17669,24 , 11124,28 , 11152,74 , 11226,14 , 11124,28 , 11152,74 , 11226,14 , 317,9 , 315,7  }, // Kamba/Kenya
+    {    151,   207,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 1301,13 , 394,4 , 25,12 , 17581,65 , 17581,65 , 1483,27 , 17693,65 , 17693,65 , 134,27 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Syriac/SyrianArabRepublic
+    {    152,    67,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1314,22 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 17646,47 , 17693,77 , 17770,24 , 17758,47 , 17805,77 , 17882,24 , 11240,26 , 11266,43 , 11309,14 , 11240,26 , 11266,43 , 11309,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Blin/Eritrea
+    {    153,    67,    46,  4808,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1336,23 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 17794,49 , 17794,49 , 17843,24 , 17906,49 , 17906,49 , 17955,24 , 11323,29 , 11323,29 , 11352,14 , 11323,29 , 11323,29 , 11352,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Geez/Eritrea
+    {    153,    69,    46,  4808,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1336,23 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 17794,49 , 17794,49 , 17843,24 , 17906,49 , 17906,49 , 17955,24 , 11323,29 , 11323,29 , 11352,14 , 11323,29 , 11323,29 , 11352,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Geez/Ethiopia
+    {    154,    53,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 213,8 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 17867,48 , 17915,124 , 1483,27 , 17979,48 , 18027,124 , 134,27 , 11366,28 , 11394,54 , 798,14 , 11366,28 , 11394,54 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Koro/IvoryCoast
+    {    155,    69,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 53,19 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 11448,28 , 11476,51 , 11527,14 , 11448,28 , 11476,51 , 11527,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Sidamo/Ethiopia
+    {    156,   157,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 213,8 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 18039,59 , 18098,129 , 1483,27 , 18151,59 , 18210,129 , 134,27 , 11541,35 , 11576,87 , 798,14 , 11541,35 , 11576,87 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Atsam/Nigeria
+    {    157,    67,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1359,21 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 926,46 , 972,62 , 1034,24 , 953,46 , 999,62 , 1061,24 , 11663,27 , 11690,41 , 11731,14 , 11663,27 , 11690,41 , 11731,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Tigre/Eritrea
+    {    158,   157,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 213,8 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 18227,57 , 18284,178 , 1483,27 , 18339,57 , 18396,178 , 134,27 , 11745,28 , 11773,44 , 798,14 , 11745,28 , 11773,44 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Jju/Nigeria
+    {    159,   106,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1380,27 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 18462,48 , 18510,77 , 18587,24 , 18574,48 , 18622,77 , 18699,24 , 11817,28 , 11845,50 , 2799,14 , 11817,28 , 11845,50 , 2799,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Friulian/Italy
+    {    160,   195,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 18611,48 , 18659,111 , 1483,27 , 18723,48 , 18771,111 , 134,27 , 11895,27 , 11922,70 , 798,14 , 11895,27 , 11922,70 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Venda/SouthAfrica
+    {    161,    83,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 18770,48 , 18818,87 , 18905,24 , 18882,48 , 18930,87 , 19017,24 , 11992,32 , 12024,44 , 12068,14 , 11992,32 , 12024,44 , 12068,14 , 306,2 , 304,2  }, // Ewe/Ghana
+    {    161,   212,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 18770,48 , 18818,87 , 18905,24 , 18882,48 , 18930,87 , 19017,24 , 11992,32 , 12024,44 , 12068,14 , 11992,32 , 12024,44 , 12068,14 , 306,2 , 304,2  }, // Ewe/Togo
+    {    162,    69,    46,  8217,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 1407,22 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 926,46 , 972,62 , 1034,24 , 953,46 , 999,62 , 1061,24 , 12082,27 , 12082,27 , 12109,14 , 12082,27 , 12082,27 , 12109,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Walamo/Ethiopia
+    {    163,   225,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 271,6 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 18929,59 , 18988,95 , 1483,27 , 19041,59 , 19100,95 , 134,27 , 12123,21 , 12144,57 , 798,14 , 12123,21 , 12144,57 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Hawaiian/UnitedStates
+    {    164,   157,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 213,8 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 19083,48 , 19131,153 , 1483,27 , 19195,48 , 19243,153 , 134,27 , 12201,28 , 12229,42 , 798,14 , 12201,28 , 12229,42 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Tyap/Nigeria
+    {    165,   129,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 19284,48 , 19332,91 , 1483,27 , 19396,48 , 19444,91 , 134,27 , 12271,28 , 12299,67 , 798,14 , 12271,28 , 12299,67 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Chewa/Malawi
+    {    166,   170,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 550,6 , 1429,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 19423,48 , 19471,88 , 19559,24 , 19535,48 , 19583,88 , 19671,24 , 12366,28 , 12394,55 , 12449,14 , 12463,28 , 12394,55 , 12449,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Filipino/Philippines
+    {    167,   206,    46,  8217,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 324,8 , 494,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 19583,48 , 19631,86 , 134,24 , 4729,48 , 19695,86 , 320,24 , 12491,28 , 12519,63 , 3089,14 , 12491,28 , 12519,63 , 3089,14 , 326,5 , 322,4  }, // Swiss German/Switzerland
+    {    168,    44,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 1483,27 , 19717,38 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 19781,38 , 134,27 , 12582,21 , 12603,28 , 12631,14 , 12582,21 , 12603,28 , 12631,14 , 331,2 , 326,2  }, // Sichuan Yi/China
+    {    169,    91,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Kpelle/Guinea
+    {    169,   121,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Kpelle/Liberia
+    {    170,    82,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 1483,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 134,27 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Low German/Germany
+    {    171,   195,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 19755,48 , 19803,100 , 1483,27 , 19819,48 , 19867,100 , 134,27 , 12645,27 , 12672,66 , 798,14 , 12645,27 , 12672,66 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // South Ndebele/SouthAfrica
+    {    172,   195,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 19903,48 , 19951,94 , 1483,27 , 19967,48 , 20015,94 , 134,27 , 12738,27 , 12765,63 , 798,14 , 12738,27 , 12765,63 , 798,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Northern Sotho/SouthAfrica
+    {    173,    73,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 20045,85 , 20130,145 , 20275,24 , 20109,85 , 20194,145 , 20339,24 , 12828,33 , 12861,65 , 12926,14 , 12828,33 , 12861,65 , 12926,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Northern Sami/Finland
+    {    173,   161,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 20299,59 , 20130,145 , 20275,24 , 20363,59 , 20194,145 , 20339,24 , 12828,33 , 12940,75 , 13015,14 , 12828,33 , 12940,75 , 13015,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Northern Sami/Norway
+    {    174,   208,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 72,10 , 306,18 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 20358,48 , 20406,142 , 20548,24 , 20422,48 , 20470,142 , 20612,24 , 13029,28 , 13057,172 , 13229,14 , 13029,28 , 13057,172 , 13229,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Taroko/Taiwan
+    {    175,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 20572,48 , 20620,88 , 20708,24 , 20636,48 , 20684,88 , 20772,24 , 13243,28 , 13271,62 , 13333,14 , 13243,28 , 13271,62 , 13333,14 , 333,5 , 328,10  }, // Gusii/Kenya
+    {    176,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 20732,48 , 20780,221 , 21001,24 , 20796,48 , 20844,221 , 21065,24 , 13347,28 , 13375,106 , 13481,14 , 13347,28 , 13375,106 , 13481,14 , 338,10 , 338,10  }, // Taita/Kenya
+    {    177,   187,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 356,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 21025,48 , 21073,77 , 21150,24 , 21089,48 , 21137,77 , 21214,24 , 13495,28 , 13523,59 , 13582,14 , 13495,28 , 13523,59 , 13582,14 , 348,6 , 348,7  }, // Fulah/Senegal
+    {    178,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 21174,48 , 21222,185 , 21407,24 , 21238,48 , 21286,185 , 21471,24 , 13596,28 , 13624,63 , 13687,14 , 13596,28 , 13624,63 , 13687,14 , 354,6 , 355,8  }, // Kikuyu/Kenya
+    {    179,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 21431,48 , 21479,173 , 21652,24 , 21495,48 , 21543,173 , 21716,24 , 13701,28 , 13729,105 , 13834,14 , 13701,28 , 13729,105 , 13834,14 , 360,7 , 363,5  }, // Samburu/Kenya
+    {    180,   146,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 356,8 , 909,27 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 21676,48 , 21724,88 , 134,24 , 21740,48 , 21788,88 , 320,24 , 13848,28 , 13876,55 , 13931,14 , 13848,28 , 13876,55 , 13931,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Sena/Mozambique
+    {    181,   240,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 21812,48 , 21860,112 , 21972,24 , 21876,48 , 21924,112 , 22036,24 , 13945,28 , 13973,50 , 14023,14 , 13945,28 , 13973,50 , 14023,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // North Ndebele/Zimbabwe
+    {    182,   210,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 21996,39 , 22035,194 , 22229,24 , 22060,39 , 22099,194 , 22293,24 , 14037,28 , 14065,65 , 14130,14 , 14037,28 , 14065,65 , 14130,14 , 367,8 , 368,7  }, // Rombo/Tanzania
+    {    183,   145,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 356,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 22253,48 , 22301,81 , 22382,24 , 22317,48 , 22365,81 , 22446,24 , 14144,30 , 14174,48 , 798,14 , 14144,30 , 14174,48 , 798,14 , 375,6 , 375,8  }, // Tachelhit/Morocco
+    {    184,     3,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 356,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 22406,48 , 22454,84 , 22538,24 , 22470,48 , 22518,84 , 22602,24 , 14222,30 , 14252,51 , 14303,14 , 14222,30 , 14252,51 , 14303,14 , 381,7 , 383,9  }, // Kabyle/Algeria
+    {    185,   221,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 22562,48 , 22610,152 , 134,24 , 22626,48 , 22674,152 , 320,24 , 14317,28 , 14345,74 , 14419,14 , 14317,28 , 14345,74 , 14419,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Nyankole/Uganda
+    {    186,   210,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 22762,48 , 22810,254 , 23064,24 , 22826,48 , 22874,254 , 23128,24 , 14433,28 , 14461,82 , 14543,14 , 14433,28 , 14461,82 , 14543,14 , 388,7 , 392,7  }, // Bena/Tanzania
+    {    187,   210,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 13266,48 , 23088,87 , 134,24 , 13417,48 , 23152,87 , 320,24 , 14557,28 , 14585,62 , 14647,14 , 14557,28 , 14585,62 , 14647,14 , 395,5 , 399,9  }, // Vunjo/Tanzania
+    {    188,   132,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 356,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 23175,47 , 23222,92 , 23314,24 , 23239,47 , 23286,92 , 23378,24 , 14661,28 , 14689,44 , 14733,14 , 14661,28 , 14689,44 , 14733,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Bambara/Mali
+    {    189,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 23338,48 , 23386,207 , 23593,24 , 23402,48 , 23450,207 , 23657,24 , 14747,28 , 14775,64 , 14839,14 , 14747,28 , 14775,64 , 14839,14 , 400,2 , 408,2  }, // Embu/Kenya
+    {    190,   225,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 550,6 , 35,18 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 23617,36 , 23653,58 , 23711,24 , 23681,36 , 23717,58 , 23775,24 , 14853,28 , 14881,49 , 14930,14 , 14853,28 , 14881,49 , 14930,14 , 402,3 , 410,6  }, // Cherokee/UnitedStates
+    {    191,   137,    46,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 356,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 23735,47 , 23782,68 , 23850,24 , 23799,47 , 23846,68 , 23914,24 , 14944,27 , 14971,48 , 15019,14 , 14944,27 , 14971,48 , 15019,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Morisyen/Mauritius
+    {    192,   210,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 13266,48 , 23874,264 , 134,24 , 13417,48 , 23938,264 , 320,24 , 15033,28 , 15061,133 , 14130,14 , 15033,28 , 15061,133 , 14130,14 , 405,4 , 416,5  }, // Makonde/Tanzania
+    {    193,   210,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 24138,83 , 24221,111 , 24332,24 , 24202,83 , 24285,111 , 24396,24 , 15194,36 , 15230,63 , 15293,14 , 15194,36 , 15230,63 , 15293,14 , 409,3 , 421,3  }, // Langi/Tanzania
+    {    194,   221,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 24356,48 , 24404,97 , 134,24 , 24420,48 , 24468,97 , 320,24 , 15307,28 , 15335,66 , 15401,14 , 15307,28 , 15335,66 , 15401,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Ganda/Uganda
+    {    195,   239,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 24501,48 , 24549,83 , 24632,24 , 24565,48 , 24613,83 , 24696,24 , 15415,80 , 15415,80 , 798,14 , 15415,80 , 15415,80 , 798,14 , 412,8 , 424,7  }, // Bemba/Zambia
+    {    196,    39,    44,    46,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 356,8 , 909,27 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 24656,48 , 24704,86 , 134,24 , 24720,48 , 24768,86 , 320,24 , 15495,28 , 15523,73 , 15596,14 , 15495,28 , 15523,73 , 15596,14 , 122,2 , 121,2  }, // Kabuverdianu/CapeVerde
+    {    197,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 24790,48 , 24838,86 , 24924,24 , 24854,48 , 24902,86 , 24988,24 , 15610,28 , 15638,51 , 15689,14 , 15610,28 , 15638,51 , 15689,14 , 420,2 , 431,2  }, // Meru/Kenya
+    {    198,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 24948,48 , 24996,111 , 25107,24 , 25012,48 , 25060,111 , 25171,24 , 15703,28 , 15731,93 , 15824,14 , 15703,28 , 15731,93 , 15824,14 , 422,4 , 433,4  }, // Kalenjin/Kenya
+    {    199,   148,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 0,48 , 25131,136 , 134,24 , 0,48 , 25195,136 , 320,24 , 15838,23 , 15861,92 , 15953,14 , 15838,23 , 15861,92 , 15953,14 , 426,7 , 437,5  }, // Nama/Namibia
+    {    200,   210,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 13266,48 , 23088,87 , 134,24 , 13417,48 , 23152,87 , 320,24 , 14557,28 , 14585,62 , 14647,14 , 14557,28 , 14585,62 , 14647,14 , 395,5 , 399,9  }, // Machame/Tanzania
+    {    201,    82,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,  8722,    43,   101, 1447,10 , 1457,23 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 25267,59 , 25326,87 , 134,24 , 25331,59 , 25390,87 , 320,24 , 15967,28 , 15995,72 , 3089,14 , 15967,28 , 15995,72 , 3089,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Colognian/Germany
+    {    202,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 25413,51 , 25464,132 , 1483,27 , 25477,51 , 25528,132 , 134,27 , 14557,28 , 16067,58 , 14130,14 , 14557,28 , 16067,58 , 14130,14 , 433,9 , 442,6  }, // Masai/Kenya
+    {    202,   210,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 25413,51 , 25464,132 , 1483,27 , 25477,51 , 25528,132 , 134,27 , 14557,28 , 16067,58 , 14130,14 , 14557,28 , 16067,58 , 14130,14 , 433,9 , 442,6  }, // Masai/Tanzania
+    {    203,   221,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 24356,48 , 24404,97 , 134,24 , 24420,48 , 24468,97 , 320,24 , 16125,35 , 16160,65 , 16225,14 , 16125,35 , 16160,65 , 16225,14 , 442,6 , 448,6  }, // Soga/Uganda
+    {    204,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 25596,48 , 13314,84 , 134,24 , 25660,48 , 13465,84 , 320,24 , 16239,21 , 16260,75 , 85,14 , 16239,21 , 16260,75 , 85,14 , 49,4 , 49,4  }, // Luyia/Kenya
+    {    205,   210,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 25644,48 , 13314,84 , 134,24 , 25708,48 , 13465,84 , 320,24 , 16335,28 , 8627,60 , 14647,14 , 16335,28 , 8627,60 , 14647,14 , 448,9 , 454,8  }, // Asu/Tanzania
+    {    206,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 25692,48 , 25740,94 , 25834,24 , 25756,48 , 25804,94 , 25898,24 , 16363,28 , 16391,69 , 16460,14 , 16363,28 , 16391,69 , 16460,14 , 457,9 , 462,6  }, // Teso/Kenya
+    {    206,   221,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 25692,48 , 25740,94 , 25834,24 , 25756,48 , 25804,94 , 25898,24 , 16363,28 , 16391,69 , 16460,14 , 16363,28 , 16391,69 , 16460,14 , 457,9 , 462,6  }, // Teso/Uganda
+    {    207,    67,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 27,8 , 53,19 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 317,48 , 518,118 , 494,24 , 344,48 , 545,118 , 521,24 , 16474,28 , 16502,56 , 16558,14 , 16474,28 , 16502,56 , 16558,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Saho/Eritrea
+    {    208,   132,    46,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 356,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 25858,46 , 25904,88 , 25992,24 , 25922,46 , 25968,88 , 26056,24 , 16572,28 , 16600,53 , 16653,14 , 16572,28 , 16600,53 , 16653,14 , 466,6 , 468,6  }, // Koyra Chiini/Mali
+    {    209,   210,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 13266,48 , 23088,87 , 134,24 , 13417,48 , 23152,87 , 320,24 , 14557,28 , 14585,62 , 14647,14 , 14557,28 , 14585,62 , 14647,14 , 395,5 , 399,9  }, // Rwa/Tanzania
+    {    210,   111,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 26016,48 , 26064,186 , 26250,24 , 26080,48 , 26128,186 , 26314,24 , 16667,28 , 16695,69 , 16764,14 , 16667,28 , 16695,69 , 16764,14 , 472,2 , 474,2  }, // Luo/Kenya
+    {    211,   221,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 22562,48 , 22610,152 , 134,24 , 22626,48 , 22674,152 , 320,24 , 14317,28 , 14345,74 , 14419,14 , 14317,28 , 14345,74 , 14419,14 , 0,2 , 0,2  }, // Chiga/Uganda
+    {    212,   145,    44,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 26274,48 , 26322,86 , 26408,24 , 26338,48 , 26386,86 , 26472,24 , 16778,28 , 16806,48 , 16854,14 , 16778,28 , 16806,48 , 16854,14 , 474,9 , 476,10  }, // Central Morocco Tamazight/Morocco
+    {    213,   132,    46,   160,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 356,8 , 99,16 , 37,5 , 8,10 , 25858,46 , 25904,88 , 25992,24 , 25922,46 , 25968,88 , 26056,24 , 16868,28 , 16896,54 , 16653,14 , 16868,28 , 16896,54 , 16653,14 , 466,6 , 468,6  }, // Koyraboro Senni/Mali
+    {    214,   210,    46,    44,    59,    37,    48,    45,    43,   101, 141,10 , 10,17 , 18,7 , 25,12 , 13266,48 , 26432,84 , 134,24 , 13417,48 , 26496,84 , 320,24 , 16950,28 , 16978,63 , 8687,14 , 16950,28 , 16978,63 , 8687,14 , 483,5 , 486,8  }, // Shambala/Tanzania
     {      0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,     0,0,     0,0,     0,0,     0,0,     0,0,     0,0,     0,0,    0,0,    0,0,    0,0,   0,0,   0,0,   0,0,   0,0,   0,0,   0,0,   0,0,   0,0 }  // trailing 0s
 };
 
 static const ushort date_format_data[] = {
 0x64, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x64, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d,
 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x64, 0x64, 0x2f, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x2f, 0x79, 0x79, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x2c,
-0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x64, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x79, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d,
-0x20, 0x64, 0x64, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x2d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x2d, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64,
-0x20, 0x64, 0x64, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x79, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x20, 0x64, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d,
-0x4d, 0x20, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x2d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x2d, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x64, 0x64, 0x20,
-0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x79, 0x64, 0x64, 0x2f, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x2f, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64,
-0x2c, 0x20, 0x64, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x79, 0x64, 0x200f, 0x2f, 0x4d, 0x200f, 0x2f, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79,
-0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x60c, 0x20, 0x64, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x60c, 0x20, 0x79, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x2f, 0x64, 0x64,
-0x2f, 0x79, 0x79, 0x64, 0x2d, 0x4d, 0x2d, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x64, 0x20, 0x4d,
-0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x2f, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x2f, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x2c, 0x20,
-0x64, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x79, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x79, 0x27, 0x65, 0x6b,
-0x6f, 0x27, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x27, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x27, 0x20, 0x64, 0x64, 0x27, 0x61, 0x27, 0x64, 0x2f,
-0x4d, 0x2f, 0x79, 0x79, 0xf66, 0xfa4, 0xfb1, 0xf72, 0xf0b, 0xf63, 0xf7c, 0xf0b, 0x79, 0x20, 0xf5f, 0xfb3, 0xf0b, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d,
-0x4d, 0x4d, 0x20, 0xf5a, 0xf7a, 0xf66, 0xf0b, 0x20, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x79, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d,
-0x4d, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x2e, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x2e, 0x79, 0x79, 0x64, 0x64, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d,
-0x20, 0x79, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x2e, 0x4d, 0x2e, 0x79, 0x79, 0x64, 0x2f, 0x4d, 0x2f, 0x79, 0x79,
-0x79, 0x79, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x20, 0x1790, 0x17d2, 0x1784, 0x17c3, 0x20, 0x64, 0x20, 0x1781, 0x17c2, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d,
-0x4d, 0x20, 0x1786, 0x17d2, 0x1793, 0x17b6, 0x17c6, 0x20, 0x79, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x20, 0x64, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d,
-0x20, 0x27, 0x64, 0x65, 0x27, 0x20, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x2d, 0x4d, 0x2d, 0x64, 0x79, 0x5e74, 0x4d, 0x6708, 0x64, 0x65e5, 0x64,
-0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x79, 0x79, 0x5e74, 0x4d, 0x6708, 0x64, 0x65e5, 0x79, 0x5e74, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x6708, 0x64, 0x64, 0x65e5, 0x64, 0x64,
-0x64, 0x64, 0x79, 0x79, 0x2f, 0x4d, 0x2f, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x2e, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x2e, 0x20, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79,
-0x2e, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x64, 0x2e, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64,
-0x64, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x64, 0x2e, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x79, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x20, 0x27, 0x64, 0x65,
-0x6e, 0x27, 0x20, 0x64, 0x2e, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x79, 0x64, 0x64, 0x2d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x2d, 0x79, 0x79,
-0x64, 0x2f, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x2f, 0x79, 0x79, 0x4d, 0x2f, 0x64, 0x2f, 0x79, 0x79, 0x64, 0x64, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d,
-0x20, 0x79, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x2c, 0x64, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79,
-0x2f, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x2f, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x2e, 0x4d, 0x2e, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x20, 0x64,
-0x2e, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x79, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x64, 0x64, 0x2e, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d,
-0x4d, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x79, 0x64, 0x2d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x2d, 0x79, 0x79, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x64, 0x20, 0x5d1,
-0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x79, 0x64, 0x2d, 0x4d, 0x2d, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x2e,
-0x64, 0x64, 0x2e, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x64, 0x2e, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64,
-0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x64, 0x64, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x79, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64,
-0x64, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x64, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x79, 0x20, 0x27, 0x436, 0x27, 0x2e, 0x79, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x20,
-0x4d, 0x2e, 0x20, 0x64, 0x2e, 0x79, 0xb144, 0x20, 0x4d, 0xc6d4, 0x20, 0x64, 0xc77c, 0x20, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64,
-0x64, 0x64, 0xe97, 0xeb5, 0x20, 0x64, 0x20, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x47, 0x20, 0x79, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x2c,
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+
 };
 
 static const ushort time_format_data[] = {
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+0xe35, 0x20, 0x73, 0x73, 0x20, 0xe27, 0xe34, 0xe19, 0xe32, 0xe17, 0xe35, 0x20, 0x74
 };
 
 static const ushort months_data[] = {
diff --git a/src/gui/dialogs/qdialog.cpp b/src/gui/dialogs/qdialog.cpp
index c9129c1..a6bd78a 100644
--- a/src/gui/dialogs/qdialog.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/dialogs/qdialog.cpp
@@ -905,26 +905,33 @@ bool QDialog::s60AdjustedPosition()
             } else {
                 cbaHeight = qt_TSize2QSize(bgContainer->Size()).height();
             }
-            p.setY(S60->screenHeightInPixels-height()-cbaHeight);
+            p.setY(S60->screenHeightInPixels - height() - cbaHeight);
             p.setX(0);
         } else {
             const int scrollbarWidth = style()->pixelMetric(QStyle::PM_ScrollBarExtent);
-            TRect cbaRect = TRect();
-            AknLayoutUtils::LayoutMetricsRect(AknLayoutUtils::EControlPane, cbaRect);
-            AknLayoutUtils::TAknCbaLocation cbaLocation = AknLayoutUtils::CbaLocation();
-            switch (cbaLocation) {
-            case AknLayoutUtils::EAknCbaLocationBottom:
-                p.setY(S60->screenHeightInPixels - height()-cbaRect.Height());
-                p.setX((S60->screenWidthInPixels - width())>>1);
-                break;
-            case AknLayoutUtils::EAknCbaLocationRight:
-                p.setY((S60->screenHeightInPixels - height())>>1);
-                p.setX(qMax(0,S60->screenWidthInPixels-width()-scrollbarWidth-cbaRect.Width()));
-                break;
-            case AknLayoutUtils::EAknCbaLocationLeft:
-                p.setY((S60->screenHeightInPixels - height())>>1);
-                p.setX(qMax(0,scrollbarWidth+cbaRect.Width()));
-                break;
+            TRect staConTopRect = TRect();
+            AknLayoutUtils::LayoutMetricsRect(AknLayoutUtils::EStaconTop, staConTopRect);
+            if (staConTopRect.IsEmpty()) {
+                TRect cbaRect = TRect();
+                AknLayoutUtils::LayoutMetricsRect(AknLayoutUtils::EControlPane, cbaRect);
+                AknLayoutUtils::TAknCbaLocation cbaLocation = AknLayoutUtils::CbaLocation();
+                switch (cbaLocation) {
+                case AknLayoutUtils::EAknCbaLocationBottom:
+                    p.setY(S60->screenHeightInPixels - height() - cbaRect.Height());
+                    p.setX((S60->screenWidthInPixels - width()) >> 1);
+                    break;
+                case AknLayoutUtils::EAknCbaLocationRight:
+                    p.setY((S60->screenHeightInPixels - height()) >> 1);
+                    p.setX(qMax(0,S60->screenWidthInPixels - width() - scrollbarWidth - cbaRect.Width()));
+                    break;
+                case AknLayoutUtils::EAknCbaLocationLeft:
+                    p.setY((S60->screenHeightInPixels - height()) >> 1);
+                    p.setX(qMax(0,scrollbarWidth + cbaRect.Width()));
+                    break;
+                }
+            } else {
+                p.setY((S60->screenHeightInPixels - height()) >> 1);
+                p.setX(qMax(0,S60->screenWidthInPixels - width()));
             }
         }
         move(p);
diff --git a/src/gui/graphicsview/qgraphicsproxywidget.cpp b/src/gui/graphicsview/qgraphicsproxywidget.cpp
index 2132526..ad7cf5d 100644
--- a/src/gui/graphicsview/qgraphicsproxywidget.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/graphicsview/qgraphicsproxywidget.cpp
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 */
 
 extern bool qt_sendSpontaneousEvent(QObject *, QEvent *);
-extern bool qt_tab_all_widgets;
+Q_GUI_EXPORT extern bool qt_tab_all_widgets;
 
 /*!
     \internal
@@ -897,6 +897,29 @@ bool QGraphicsProxyWidget::event(QEvent *event)
         }
         break;
     }
+#ifndef QT_NO_TOOLTIP
+    case QEvent::GraphicsSceneHelp: {
+        // Propagate the help event (for tooltip) to the widget under mouse
+        if (d->lastWidgetUnderMouse) {
+            QGraphicsSceneHelpEvent *he = static_cast<QGraphicsSceneHelpEvent *>(event);
+            QPoint pos = d->mapToReceiver(mapFromScene(he->scenePos()), d->lastWidgetUnderMouse).toPoint();
+            QHelpEvent e(QEvent::ToolTip, pos, he->screenPos());
+            QApplication::sendEvent(d->lastWidgetUnderMouse, &e);
+            event->setAccepted(e.isAccepted());
+            return e.isAccepted();
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    case QEvent::ToolTipChange: {
+        // Propagate tooltip change to the widget
+        if (!d->tooltipChangeMode) {
+            d->tooltipChangeMode = QGraphicsProxyWidgetPrivate::ProxyToWidgetMode;
+            d->widget->setToolTip(toolTip());
+            d->tooltipChangeMode = QGraphicsProxyWidgetPrivate::NoMode;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+#endif
     default:
         break;
     }
@@ -952,6 +975,14 @@ bool QGraphicsProxyWidget::eventFilter(QObject *object, QEvent *event)
                 d->styleChangeMode = QGraphicsProxyWidgetPrivate::NoMode;
             }
             break;
+        case QEvent::ToolTipChange:
+            // Propagate tooltip change to the proxy.
+            if (!d->tooltipChangeMode) {
+                d->tooltipChangeMode = QGraphicsProxyWidgetPrivate::WidgetToProxyMode;
+                setToolTip(d->widget->toolTip());
+                d->tooltipChangeMode = QGraphicsProxyWidgetPrivate::NoMode;
+            }
+            break;
         default:
             break;
         }
diff --git a/src/gui/graphicsview/qgraphicsproxywidget_p.h b/src/gui/graphicsview/qgraphicsproxywidget_p.h
index 8aed363..0e29a7e 100644
--- a/src/gui/graphicsview/qgraphicsproxywidget_p.h
+++ b/src/gui/graphicsview/qgraphicsproxywidget_p.h
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ public:
           enabledChangeMode(NoMode),
           styleChangeMode(NoMode),
           paletteChangeMode(NoMode),
+          tooltipChangeMode(NoMode),
           focusFromWidgetToProxy(0)
     { }
     void init();
@@ -117,6 +118,7 @@ public:
     quint32 enabledChangeMode : 2;
     quint32 styleChangeMode : 2;
     quint32 paletteChangeMode : 2;
+    quint32 tooltipChangeMode : 2;
     quint32 focusFromWidgetToProxy : 1;
     quint32 proxyIsGivingFocus : 1;
 };
diff --git a/src/gui/graphicsview/qgraphicsscene.cpp b/src/gui/graphicsview/qgraphicsscene.cpp
index 4b612f4..bd0f0d8 100644
--- a/src/gui/graphicsview/qgraphicsscene.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/graphicsview/qgraphicsscene.cpp
@@ -3786,6 +3786,12 @@ void QGraphicsScene::helpEvent(QGraphicsSceneHelpEvent *helpEvent)
     QGraphicsItem *toolTipItem = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < itemsAtPos.size(); ++i) {
         QGraphicsItem *tmp = itemsAtPos.at(i);
+        if (tmp->d_func()->isProxyWidget()) {
+            // if the item is a proxy widget, the event is forwarded to it
+            sendEvent(tmp, helpEvent);
+            if (helpEvent->isAccepted())
+                return;
+        }
         if (!tmp->toolTip().isEmpty()) {
             toolTipItem = tmp;
             break;
diff --git a/src/gui/image/qimage.cpp b/src/gui/image/qimage.cpp
index d226baf..85be5b1 100644
--- a/src/gui/image/qimage.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/image/qimage.cpp
@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@ const QVector<QRgb> *qt_image_colortable(const QImage &image)
     return &image.d->colortable;
 }
 
-extern int qt_defaultDpiX();
-extern int qt_defaultDpiY();
+Q_GUI_EXPORT extern int qt_defaultDpiX();
+Q_GUI_EXPORT extern int qt_defaultDpiY();
 
 QBasicAtomicInt qimage_serial_number = Q_BASIC_ATOMIC_INITIALIZER(1);
 
diff --git a/src/gui/image/qpaintengine_pic.cpp b/src/gui/image/qpaintengine_pic.cpp
index 029154b..fd1ee6a 100644
--- a/src/gui/image/qpaintengine_pic.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/image/qpaintengine_pic.cpp
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ void QPicturePaintEngine::drawImage(const QRectF &r, const QImage &image, const
     writeCmdLength(pos, r, false);
 }
 
-extern int qt_defaultDpi();
+Q_GUI_EXPORT extern int qt_defaultDpi();
 
 void QPicturePaintEngine::drawTextItem(const QPointF &p , const QTextItem &ti)
 {
diff --git a/src/gui/image/qpicture.cpp b/src/gui/image/qpicture.cpp
index 45b3ed0..20a1dce 100644
--- a/src/gui/image/qpicture.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/image/qpicture.cpp
@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ void qt_format_text(const QFont &fnt, const QRectF &_r,
 const char  *qt_mfhdr_tag = "QPIC"; // header tag
 static const quint16 mfhdr_maj = 11; // major version #
 static const quint16 mfhdr_min = 0; // minor version #
-extern int qt_defaultDpiX();
-extern int qt_defaultDpiY();
+Q_GUI_EXPORT extern int qt_defaultDpiX();
+Q_GUI_EXPORT extern int qt_defaultDpiY();
 
 /*!
     Constructs an empty picture.
diff --git a/src/gui/image/qpixmap_raster.cpp b/src/gui/image/qpixmap_raster.cpp
index b183d0d..9dc15fc 100644
--- a/src/gui/image/qpixmap_raster.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/image/qpixmap_raster.cpp
@@ -361,8 +361,8 @@ QPaintEngine* QRasterPixmapData::paintEngine() const
     return image.paintEngine();
 }
 
-extern int qt_defaultDpiX();
-extern int qt_defaultDpiY();
+Q_GUI_EXPORT extern int qt_defaultDpiX();
+Q_GUI_EXPORT extern int qt_defaultDpiY();
 
 int QRasterPixmapData::metric(QPaintDevice::PaintDeviceMetric metric) const
 {
diff --git a/src/gui/image/qpixmapfilter.cpp b/src/gui/image/qpixmapfilter.cpp
index 5355ad3..70770c4 100644
--- a/src/gui/image/qpixmapfilter.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/image/qpixmapfilter.cpp
@@ -898,7 +898,7 @@ Q_GUI_EXPORT void qt_blurImage(QImage &blurImage, qreal radius, bool quality, in
         expblur<12, 10, false>(blurImage, radius, quality, transposed);
 }
 
-bool qt_scaleForTransform(const QTransform &transform, qreal *scale);
+Q_GUI_EXPORT bool qt_scaleForTransform(const QTransform &transform, qreal *scale);
 
 /*!
     \internal
diff --git a/src/gui/inputmethod/qcoefepinputcontext_s60.cpp b/src/gui/inputmethod/qcoefepinputcontext_s60.cpp
index 94036d0..b42e0ab 100644
--- a/src/gui/inputmethod/qcoefepinputcontext_s60.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/inputmethod/qcoefepinputcontext_s60.cpp
@@ -782,7 +782,6 @@ void QCoeFepInputContext::commitCurrentString(bool cancelFepTransaction)
             if (w->inputMethodQuery(Qt::ImCursorPosition).toInt() != m_cursorPos)
                 longPress = 1;
         }
-        return;
     }
 
     QList<QInputMethodEvent::Attribute> attributes;
diff --git a/src/gui/kernel/qapplication.cpp b/src/gui/kernel/qapplication.cpp
index 62e99e9..ec635d4 100644
--- a/src/gui/kernel/qapplication.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/kernel/qapplication.cpp
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ static void initResources()
 
 QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
-extern void qt_call_post_routines();
+Q_DECL_IMPORT extern void qt_call_post_routines();
 
 int QApplicationPrivate::app_compile_version = 0x040000; //we don't know exactly, but it's at least 4.0.0
 
diff --git a/src/gui/kernel/qkeymapper_s60.cpp b/src/gui/kernel/qkeymapper_s60.cpp
index fd263ef..d019c0f 100644
--- a/src/gui/kernel/qkeymapper_s60.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/kernel/qkeymapper_s60.cpp
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ static const KeyMapping keyMapping[] = {
     {EKeyDevice0, EStdKeyDevice0, Key_Context1}, // Found by manual testing.
     {EKeyDevice1, EStdKeyDevice1, Key_Context2}, // Found by manual testing.
     {EKeyDevice3, EStdKeyDevice3, Key_Select},
-//    {EKeyDevice7, EStdKeyDevice7, Key_Camera},  //not supported by qt yet
+    {EKeyDevice7, EStdKeyDevice7, Key_Camera},  
     {EKeyApplication0, EStdKeyApplication0, Key_Menu}, // Found by manual testing.
     {EKeyApplication1, EStdKeyApplication1, Key_Launch1}, // Found by manual testing.
     {EKeyApplication2, EStdKeyApplication2, Key_MediaPlay}, // Found by manual testing.
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ static const KeyMapping keyMapping[] = {
     {EKeyApplicationD, EStdKeyApplicationD, Key_LaunchD},
     {EKeyApplicationE, EStdKeyApplicationE, Key_LaunchE},
     {EKeyApplicationF, EStdKeyApplicationF, Key_LaunchF},
-//    {EKeyApplication19, EStdKeyApplication19, Key_CameraFocus},  //not supported by qt yet
+    {EKeyApplication19, EStdKeyApplication19, Key_CameraFocus}, 
     {EKeyYes, EStdKeyYes, Key_Yes},
     {EKeyNo, EStdKeyNo, Key_No},
     {TKeyCode(0), TStdScanCode(0), Qt::Key(0)}
diff --git a/src/gui/kernel/qtooltip.cpp b/src/gui/kernel/qtooltip.cpp
index 1343959..c8fcf45 100644
--- a/src/gui/kernel/qtooltip.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/kernel/qtooltip.cpp
@@ -168,9 +168,9 @@ QTipLabel *QTipLabel::instance = 0;
 
 QTipLabel::QTipLabel(const QString &text, QWidget *w)
 #ifndef QT_NO_STYLE_STYLESHEET
-    : QLabel(w, Qt::ToolTip), styleSheetParent(0), widget(0)
+    : QLabel(w, Qt::ToolTip | Qt::BypassGraphicsProxyWidget), styleSheetParent(0), widget(0)
 #else
-    : QLabel(w, Qt::ToolTip), widget(0)
+    : QLabel(w, Qt::ToolTip | Qt::BypassGraphicsProxyWidget), widget(0)
 #endif
 {
     delete instance;
diff --git a/src/gui/kernel/qwhatsthis.cpp b/src/gui/kernel/qwhatsthis.cpp
index b877784..6181b62 100644
--- a/src/gui/kernel/qwhatsthis.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/kernel/qwhatsthis.cpp
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
     \sa QToolTip
 */
 
-extern void qDeleteInEventHandler(QObject *o);
+Q_DECL_IMPORT extern void qDeleteInEventHandler(QObject *o);
 
 class QWhatsThat : public QWidget
 {
diff --git a/src/gui/painting/qbrush.cpp b/src/gui/painting/qbrush.cpp
index 182cce9..96d547b 100644
--- a/src/gui/painting/qbrush.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/painting/qbrush.cpp
@@ -160,8 +160,7 @@ static void qt_cleanup_brush_pattern_image_cache()
     qt_brushPatternImageCache()->cleanup();
 }
 
-Q_GUI_EXPORT
-QImage qt_imageForBrush(int brushStyle, bool invert)
+Q_GUI_EXPORT QImage qt_imageForBrush(int brushStyle, bool invert)
 {
     return qt_brushPatternImageCache()->getImage(brushStyle, invert);
 }
diff --git a/src/gui/painting/qpaintbuffer.cpp b/src/gui/painting/qpaintbuffer.cpp
index 9077eba..3a4c94c 100644
--- a/src/gui/painting/qpaintbuffer.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/painting/qpaintbuffer.cpp
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@
 
 QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
-extern int qt_defaultDpiX();
-extern int qt_defaultDpiY();
+Q_GUI_EXPORT extern int qt_defaultDpiX();
+Q_GUI_EXPORT extern int qt_defaultDpiY();
 extern void qt_format_text(const QFont &font,
                            const QRectF &_r, int tf, const QTextOption *option, const QString& str, QRectF *brect,
                            int tabstops, int* tabarray, int tabarraylen,
diff --git a/src/gui/painting/qpaintengine_alpha.cpp b/src/gui/painting/qpaintengine_alpha.cpp
index 5a3c0cf..4b1c58d 100644
--- a/src/gui/painting/qpaintengine_alpha.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/painting/qpaintengine_alpha.cpp
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ bool QAlphaPaintEngine::begin(QPaintDevice *pdev)
     return true;
 }
 
-extern int qt_defaultDpiX();
-extern int qt_defaultDpiY();
+Q_GUI_EXPORT extern int qt_defaultDpiX();
+Q_GUI_EXPORT extern int qt_defaultDpiY();
 
 bool QAlphaPaintEngine::end()
 {
diff --git a/src/gui/painting/qpaintengine_raster.cpp b/src/gui/painting/qpaintengine_raster.cpp
index 03d0825..8f14583 100644
--- a/src/gui/painting/qpaintengine_raster.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/painting/qpaintengine_raster.cpp
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
 
 QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
-extern bool qt_scaleForTransform(const QTransform &transform, qreal *scale); // qtransform.cpp
+Q_GUI_EXPORT extern bool qt_scaleForTransform(const QTransform &transform, qreal *scale); // qtransform.cpp
 
 #define qreal_to_fixed_26_6(f) (int(f * 64))
 #define qt_swap_int(x, y) { int tmp = (x); (x) = (y); (y) = tmp; }
@@ -4996,7 +4996,7 @@ void QSpanData::init(QRasterBuffer *rb, const QRasterPaintEngine *pe)
     clip = pe ? pe->d_func()->clip() : 0;
 }
 
-extern QImage qt_imageForBrush(int brushStyle, bool invert);
+Q_GUI_EXPORT extern QImage qt_imageForBrush(int brushStyle, bool invert);
 
 void QSpanData::setup(const QBrush &brush, int alpha, QPainter::CompositionMode compositionMode)
 {
diff --git a/src/gui/painting/qpaintengineex.cpp b/src/gui/painting/qpaintengineex.cpp
index 990e3c4..9366513 100644
--- a/src/gui/painting/qpaintengineex.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/painting/qpaintengineex.cpp
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ QPainterState *QPaintEngineEx::createState(QPainterState *orig) const
     return new QPainterState(orig);
 }
 
-extern bool qt_scaleForTransform(const QTransform &transform, qreal *scale); // qtransform.cpp
+Q_GUI_EXPORT extern bool qt_scaleForTransform(const QTransform &transform, qreal *scale); // qtransform.cpp
 
 void QPaintEngineEx::stroke(const QVectorPath &path, const QPen &pen)
 {
diff --git a/src/gui/painting/qpdf.cpp b/src/gui/painting/qpdf.cpp
index dcf745f..44049c0 100644
--- a/src/gui/painting/qpdf.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/painting/qpdf.cpp
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 
 QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
-extern int qt_defaultDpi();
+Q_GUI_EXPORT extern int qt_defaultDpi();
 
 #ifndef QT_NO_PRINTER
 
diff --git a/src/gui/painting/qstroker.cpp b/src/gui/painting/qstroker.cpp
index 9740fce..e43544c 100644
--- a/src/gui/painting/qstroker.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/painting/qstroker.cpp
@@ -825,7 +825,7 @@ qreal qt_t_for_arc_angle(qreal angle)
     return t;
 }
 
-void qt_find_ellipse_coords(const QRectF &r, qreal angle, qreal length,
+Q_GUI_EXPORT void qt_find_ellipse_coords(const QRectF &r, qreal angle, qreal length,
                             QPointF* startPoint, QPointF *endPoint);
 
 /*!
diff --git a/src/gui/styles/qs60style.cpp b/src/gui/styles/qs60style.cpp
index 28cbc45..7587343 100644
--- a/src/gui/styles/qs60style.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/styles/qs60style.cpp
@@ -552,6 +552,7 @@ void QS60StylePrivate::drawRow(QS60StyleEnums::SkinParts start,
     QRect endRect;
 
     if (orientation == Qt::Horizontal) {
+        startRect.setHeight(rect.height());
         startRect.setWidth(qMin((rect.width() >> 1) - 1, startRect.width()));
         endRect = startRect.translated(rect.width() - startRect.width(), 0);
         middleRect.adjust(startRect.width(), 0, -startRect.width(), 0);
@@ -561,6 +562,7 @@ void QS60StylePrivate::drawRow(QS60StyleEnums::SkinParts start,
             endRect.adjust(overlap, 0, 0, 0);
         }
     } else {
+        startRect.setWidth(rect.width());
         startRect.setHeight(qMin((rect.height() >> 1) - 1, startRect.height()));
         endRect = startRect.translated(0, rect.height() - startRect.height());
         middleRect.adjust(0, startRect.height(), 0, -startRect.height());
@@ -1372,14 +1374,13 @@ void QS60Style::drawControl(ControlElement element, const QStyleOption *option,
             optionComboBox.palette.setColor(QPalette::Inactive, QPalette::WindowText,
                 optionComboBox.palette.text().color() );
             QRect editRect = subControlRect(CC_ComboBox, comboBox, SC_ComboBoxEditField, widget);
-            painter->save();
-            painter->setClipRect(editRect);
+            const int frameW = proxy()->pixelMetric(PM_DefaultFrameWidth, option, widget);
 
             if (!comboBox->currentIcon.isNull()) {
-                QIcon::Mode mode = comboBox->state & State_Enabled ? QIcon::Normal : QIcon::Disabled;
-                QPixmap pixmap = comboBox->currentIcon.pixmap(comboBox->iconSize, mode);
+                const QIcon::Mode mode = comboBox->state & State_Enabled ? QIcon::Normal : QIcon::Disabled;
+                const QPixmap pixmap = comboBox->currentIcon.pixmap(comboBox->iconSize, mode);
                 QRect iconRect(editRect);
-                iconRect.setWidth(comboBox->iconSize.width() + 4);
+                iconRect.setWidth(comboBox->iconSize.width() + frameW);
                 iconRect = alignedRect(comboBox->direction,
                                        Qt::AlignLeft | Qt::AlignVCenter,
                                        iconRect.size(), editRect);
@@ -1388,17 +1389,19 @@ void QS60Style::drawControl(ControlElement element, const QStyleOption *option,
                 drawItemPixmap(painter, iconRect, Qt::AlignCenter, pixmap);
 
                 if (comboBox->direction == Qt::RightToLeft)
-                    editRect.translate(-4 - comboBox->iconSize.width(), 0);
+                    editRect.setRight(editRect.right() - frameW - comboBox->iconSize.width());
                 else
-                    editRect.translate(comboBox->iconSize.width() + 4, 0);
+                    editRect.setLeft(comboBox->iconSize.width() + frameW);
             }
             if (!comboBox->currentText.isEmpty() && !comboBox->editable) {
+                const Qt::TextElideMode elideMode = (comboBox->direction == Qt::LeftToRight) ? Qt::ElideRight : Qt::ElideLeft;
+                const QString text = comboBox->fontMetrics.elidedText(comboBox->currentText, elideMode, editRect.width());
+
                 QCommonStyle::drawItemText(painter,
                             editRect.adjusted(QS60StylePrivate::pixelMetric(PM_FrameCornerWidth), 0, -1, 0),
                             visualAlignment(comboBox->direction, Qt::AlignLeft | Qt::AlignVCenter),
-                            comboBox->palette, comboBox->state & State_Enabled, comboBox->currentText);
+                            comboBox->palette, comboBox->state & State_Enabled, text);
             }
-            painter->restore();
         }
         break;
 #endif //QT_NO_COMBOBOX
@@ -1541,7 +1544,6 @@ void QS60Style::drawControl(ControlElement element, const QStyleOption *option,
                     QS60StylePrivate::pixelMetric(PM_DefaultFrameWidth);
                 const int tabOverlap =
                     QS60StylePrivate::pixelMetric(PM_TabBarTabOverlap) - borderThickness;
-                //todo: draw navi wipe behind tabbar - must be drawn with first draw
 
                 if (skinElement==QS60StylePrivate::SE_TabBarTabEastInactive||
                         skinElement==QS60StylePrivate::SE_TabBarTabEastActive||
@@ -1645,7 +1647,7 @@ void QS60Style::drawControl(ControlElement element, const QStyleOption *option,
                     painter->drawPixmap(tr.left() + tabOverlap,
                                         tr.center().y() - (tabIcon.height() >> 1),
                                         tabIcon);
-                tr.setLeft(tr.left() + iconSize.width() + 4);
+                tr.setLeft(tr.left() + iconSize.width() + 4); //todo: magic four
             }
 
             QCommonStyle::drawItemText(painter, tr, alignment, optionTab.palette, tab->state & State_Enabled, tab->text, QPalette::WindowText);
@@ -1964,14 +1966,14 @@ void QS60Style::drawControl(ControlElement element, const QStyleOption *option,
             // We need to reduce the focus frame size if LayoutSpacing is smaller than FocusFrameMargin
             // Otherwise, we would overlay adjacent widgets.
             const int frameHeightReduction =
-                    qMin(0, pixelMetric(QStyle::PM_LayoutVerticalSpacing)
-                            - pixelMetric(QStyle::PM_FocusFrameVMargin));
+                    qMin(0, pixelMetric(PM_LayoutVerticalSpacing)
+                            - pixelMetric(PM_FocusFrameVMargin));
             const int frameWidthReduction =
-                    qMin(0, pixelMetric(QStyle::PM_LayoutHorizontalSpacing)
-                            - pixelMetric(QStyle::PM_FocusFrameHMargin));
+                    qMin(0, pixelMetric(PM_LayoutHorizontalSpacing)
+                            - pixelMetric(PM_FocusFrameHMargin));
             const int rounding =
-                    qMin(pixelMetric(QStyle::PM_FocusFrameVMargin),
-                            pixelMetric(QStyle::PM_LayoutVerticalSpacing));
+                    qMin(pixelMetric(PM_FocusFrameVMargin),
+                            pixelMetric(PM_LayoutVerticalSpacing));
             const QRect frameRect =
                     option->rect.adjusted(-frameWidthReduction, -frameHeightReduction,
                             frameWidthReduction, frameHeightReduction);
@@ -2847,7 +2849,7 @@ QRect QS60Style::subElementRect(SubElement element, const QStyleOption *opt, con
                     const int tabOverlapNoBorder =
                         QS60StylePrivate::pixelMetric(PM_TabBarTabOverlap);
                     const int tabOverlap =
-                        tabOverlapNoBorder-QS60StylePrivate::pixelMetric(PM_DefaultFrameWidth);
+                        tabOverlapNoBorder - QS60StylePrivate::pixelMetric(PM_DefaultFrameWidth);
                     const QTabWidget *tab = qobject_cast<const QTabWidget *>(widget);
                     int gain = (tab) ? tabOverlap * tab->count() : 0;
                     switch (twf->shape) {
@@ -2913,7 +2915,7 @@ QRect QS60Style::subElementRect(SubElement element, const QStyleOption *opt, con
                         ret = QRect();
                     } else {
                         if (menuItem->direction == Qt::RightToLeft)
-                            ret.translate(ret.width()-indicatorWidth, 0);
+                            ret.translate(ret.width() - indicatorWidth, 0);
                         ret.setWidth(indicatorWidth);
                     }
                 } else {
@@ -3313,8 +3315,10 @@ bool QS60Style::eventFilter(QObject *object, QEvent *event)
         break;
     case QEvent::Destroy:
     case QEvent::Hide:
-        d->stopAnimation(QS60StyleEnums::SP_QgnGrafBarWaitAnim);
-        d->m_bars.removeAll(reinterpret_cast<QProgressBar *>(object));
+        if (QProgressBar *bar = reinterpret_cast<QProgressBar *>(object)) {
+            d->stopAnimation(QS60StyleEnums::SP_QgnGrafBarWaitAnim);
+            d->m_bars.removeAll(bar);
+        }
         break;
     default:
         break;
diff --git a/src/gui/styles/qstylesheetstyle.cpp b/src/gui/styles/qstylesheetstyle.cpp
index a1a98ba..81b923b 100644
--- a/src/gui/styles/qstylesheetstyle.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/styles/qstylesheetstyle.cpp
@@ -4255,8 +4255,15 @@ void QStyleSheetStyle::drawPrimitive(PrimitiveElement pe, const QStyleOption *op
         if (const QAbstractScrollArea *sa = qobject_cast<const QAbstractScrollArea *>(w)) {
             const QAbstractScrollAreaPrivate *sap = sa->d_func();
             rule.drawBackground(p, opt->rect, sap->contentsOffset());
-            if (rule.hasBorder())
-                rule.drawBorder(p, rule.borderRect(opt->rect));
+            if (rule.hasBorder()) {
+                QRect brect = rule.borderRect(opt->rect);
+                if (styleHint(QStyle::SH_ScrollView_FrameOnlyAroundContents, opt, w)) {
+                    QRect r = brect.adjusted(0, 0, sa->verticalScrollBar()->isVisible() ? -sa->verticalScrollBar()->width() : 0,
+                                             sa->horizontalScrollBar()->isVisible() ? -sa->horizontalScrollBar()->height() : 0);
+                    brect = QStyle::visualRect(opt->direction, brect, r);
+                }
+                rule.drawBorder(p, brect);
+            }
             break;
         }
 #endif
@@ -4641,6 +4648,11 @@ int QStyleSheetStyle::pixelMetric(PixelMetric m, const QStyleOption *opt, const
             return msz.width() == -1 ? msz.height() : msz.width();
         }
         break;
+
+    case PM_ScrollView_ScrollBarSpacing:
+        if(!rule.hasNativeBorder() || rule.hasBox())
+            return 0;
+        break;
 #endif // QT_NO_SCROLLBAR
 
     case PM_ProgressBarChunkWidth:
diff --git a/src/gui/text/qfontdatabase.cpp b/src/gui/text/qfontdatabase.cpp
index 6803120..ae5e9ca 100644
--- a/src/gui/text/qfontdatabase.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/text/qfontdatabase.cpp
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
 #define SMOOTH_SCALABLE 0xffff
 
-extern int qt_defaultDpiY(); // in qfont.cpp
+Q_GUI_EXPORT extern int qt_defaultDpiY(); // in qfont.cpp
 
 bool qt_enable_test_font = false;
 
diff --git a/src/gui/text/qfontmetrics.cpp b/src/gui/text/qfontmetrics.cpp
index 3a52e8e..5163c94 100644
--- a/src/gui/text/qfontmetrics.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/text/qfontmetrics.cpp
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ extern void qt_format_text(const QFont& font, const QRectF &_r,
                            int tf, const QString &text, QRectF *brect,
                            int tabStops, int *tabArray, int tabArrayLen,
                            QPainter *painter);
-extern int qt_defaultDpi();
+Q_GUI_EXPORT extern int qt_defaultDpi();
 
 /*****************************************************************************
   QFontMetrics member functions
diff --git a/src/gui/text/qtextdocument.cpp b/src/gui/text/qtextdocument.cpp
index 9a1b70c..3e556a7 100644
--- a/src/gui/text/qtextdocument.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/text/qtextdocument.cpp
@@ -1656,7 +1656,7 @@ static void printPage(int index, QPainter *painter, const QTextDocument *doc, co
     painter->restore();
 }
 
-extern int qt_defaultDpi();
+Q_GUI_EXPORT extern int qt_defaultDpi();
 
 /*!
     Prints the document to the given \a printer. The QPrinter must be
diff --git a/src/gui/text/qtextdocumentlayout.cpp b/src/gui/text/qtextdocumentlayout.cpp
index b45fcbb..f12bf0b 100644
--- a/src/gui/text/qtextdocumentlayout.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/text/qtextdocumentlayout.cpp
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 
 QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
-extern int qt_defaultDpi();
+Q_GUI_EXPORT extern int qt_defaultDpi();
 
 // ################ should probably add frameFormatChange notification!
 
diff --git a/src/gui/text/qtextengine.cpp b/src/gui/text/qtextengine.cpp
index 6485966..d34553f 100644
--- a/src/gui/text/qtextengine.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/text/qtextengine.cpp
@@ -856,7 +856,7 @@ void QTextEngine::shapeLine(const QScriptLine &line)
     }
 }
 
-extern int qt_defaultDpiY(); // in qfont.cpp
+Q_GUI_EXPORT extern int qt_defaultDpiY(); // in qfont.cpp
 
 void QTextEngine::shapeText(int item) const
 {
@@ -2494,7 +2494,7 @@ void QTextEngine::splitItem(int item, int pos) const
 //     qDebug("split at position %d itempos=%d", pos, item);
 }
 
-extern int qt_defaultDpiY();
+Q_GUI_EXPORT extern int qt_defaultDpiY();
 
 QFixed QTextEngine::calculateTabWidth(int item, QFixed x) const
 {
diff --git a/src/gui/text/qtextimagehandler.cpp b/src/gui/text/qtextimagehandler.cpp
index fa49a32..6733793 100644
--- a/src/gui/text/qtextimagehandler.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/text/qtextimagehandler.cpp
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ static QSize getPixmapSize(QTextDocument *doc, const QTextImageFormat &format)
     qreal scale = 1.0;
     QPaintDevice *pdev = doc->documentLayout()->paintDevice();
     if (pdev) {
-        extern int qt_defaultDpi();
+        Q_GUI_EXPORT extern int qt_defaultDpi();
         if (pm.isNull())
             pm = getPixmap(doc, format);
         if (!pm.isNull())
diff --git a/src/gui/widgets/qabstractbutton.cpp b/src/gui/widgets/qabstractbutton.cpp
index 5ceb237..995d659 100644
--- a/src/gui/widgets/qabstractbutton.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/widgets/qabstractbutton.cpp
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 #define AUTO_REPEAT_DELAY  300
 #define AUTO_REPEAT_INTERVAL 100
 
-extern bool qt_tab_all_widgets;
+Q_GUI_EXPORT extern bool qt_tab_all_widgets;
 
 /*!
     \class QAbstractButton
diff --git a/src/gui/widgets/qabstractscrollarea.cpp b/src/gui/widgets/qabstractscrollarea.cpp
index 1d496d5..73ec53e 100644
--- a/src/gui/widgets/qabstractscrollarea.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/widgets/qabstractscrollarea.cpp
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ void QAbstractScrollAreaPrivate::layoutChildren()
     if ((frameStyle != QFrame::NoFrame) &&
         q->style()->styleHint(QStyle::SH_ScrollView_FrameOnlyAroundContents, &opt, q)) {
         controlsRect = widgetRect;
-        const int extra = q->style()->pixelMetric(QStyle::PM_ScrollView_ScrollBarSpacing);
+        const int extra = q->style()->pixelMetric(QStyle::PM_ScrollView_ScrollBarSpacing, &opt, q);
         const QPoint cornerExtra(needv ? extra : 0, needh ? extra : 0);
         QRect frameRect = widgetRect;
         frameRect.adjust(0, 0, -cornerOffset.x() - cornerExtra.x(), -cornerOffset.y() - cornerExtra.y());
diff --git a/src/gui/widgets/qcombobox.cpp b/src/gui/widgets/qcombobox.cpp
index b1a27f2..ca58e6d 100644
--- a/src/gui/widgets/qcombobox.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/widgets/qcombobox.cpp
@@ -76,6 +76,10 @@
 #ifndef QT_NO_EFFECTS
 # include <private/qeffects_p.h>
 #endif
+#if defined(Q_WS_S60)
+#include "private/qt_s60_p.h"
+#endif
+
 QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
 QComboBoxPrivate::QComboBoxPrivate()
@@ -2458,11 +2462,16 @@ void QComboBox::showPopup()
             // in portait, menu should be positioned above softkeys
             listRect.moveBottom(screen.bottom());
         } else {
-            // landscape, menu should be at the right and horizontally centered
+            TRect staConTopRect = TRect();
+            AknLayoutUtils::LayoutMetricsRect(AknLayoutUtils::EStaconTop, staConTopRect);
             listRect.setWidth(listRect.height());
+            //by default popup is centered on screen in landscape
             listRect.moveCenter(screen.center());
-            (opt.direction == Qt::LeftToRight) ? listRect.setRight(screen.right()) :
-                                                 listRect.setLeft(screen.left());
+            if (staConTopRect.IsEmpty()) {
+                // landscape without stacon, menu should be at the right
+                (opt.direction == Qt::LeftToRight) ? listRect.setRight(screen.right()) :
+                                                     listRect.setLeft(screen.left());
+            }
         }
 #endif
     } else if (!boundToScreen || listRect.height() <= belowHeight) {
@@ -2690,13 +2699,18 @@ void QComboBox::changeEvent(QEvent *e)
                     // in portait, menu should be positioned above softkeys
                     listRect.moveBottom(screen.bottom());
                 } else {
-                    // landscape, menu should be at the right and horizontally centered
+                    TRect staConTopRect = TRect();
+                    AknLayoutUtils::LayoutMetricsRect(AknLayoutUtils::EStaconTop, staConTopRect);
                     listRect.setWidth(listRect.height());
+                    //by default popup is centered on screen in landscape
                     listRect.moveCenter(screen.center());
-                    (opt.direction == Qt::LeftToRight) ? listRect.setRight(screen.right()) :
-                                                         listRect.setLeft(screen.left());
+                    if (staConTopRect.IsEmpty()) {
+                        // landscape without stacon, menu should be at the right
+                        (opt.direction == Qt::LeftToRight) ? listRect.setRight(screen.right()) :
+                                                             listRect.setLeft(screen.left());
+                    }
+                    d->container->setGeometry(listRect);
                 }
-                d->container->setGeometry(listRect);
             }
         }
 #endif
diff --git a/src/gui/widgets/qmenubar.cpp b/src/gui/widgets/qmenubar.cpp
index a13a2fa..ef37fd1 100644
--- a/src/gui/widgets/qmenubar.cpp
+++ b/src/gui/widgets/qmenubar.cpp
@@ -1931,9 +1931,9 @@ void QMenuBar::setNativeMenuBar(bool nativeMenuBar)
             d->macCreateMenuBar(parentWidget());
         }
         macUpdateMenuBar();
-        updateGeometry();
-        setVisible(false);
-        setVisible(true);
+	updateGeometry();
+	if (!d->nativeMenuBar && parentWidget())
+	    setVisible(true);
 #endif
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/multimedia/audio/qaudio_symbian_p.cpp b/src/multimedia/audio/qaudio_symbian_p.cpp
index 58e3745..afe98f5 100644
--- a/src/multimedia/audio/qaudio_symbian_p.cpp
+++ b/src/multimedia/audio/qaudio_symbian_p.cpp
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ bool isFormatSupported(const QAudioFormat &formatQt,
     TUint32 fourCC;
 
     bool result = false;
-    if (formatQt.codec() == "audio/pcm" &&
+    if (formatQt.codec() == QString::fromAscii("audio/pcm") &&
         formatQtToNative(formatQt, fourCC, formatNative)) {
         result =
                 (formatNative.iRate & caps.caps().iRate)
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ bool formatQtToNative(const QAudioFormat &inputFormat,
     TMMFMonoStereo outputChannels;
     TMMFSoundEncoding outputEncoding;
 
-    if (inputFormat.codec() == "audio/pcm") {
+    if (inputFormat.codec() == QString::fromAscii("audio/pcm")) {
         result =
                 sampleRateQtToNative(inputFormat.frequency(), outputSampleRate)
             &&  channelsQtToNative(inputFormat.channels(), outputChannels)
diff --git a/src/network/access/qftp.cpp b/src/network/access/qftp.cpp
index efeef4e..7f6df0a 100644
--- a/src/network/access/qftp.cpp
+++ b/src/network/access/qftp.cpp
@@ -2309,6 +2309,12 @@ void QFtpPrivate::_q_piFinished(const QString&)
 void QFtpPrivate::_q_piError(int errorCode, const QString &text)
 {
     Q_Q(QFtp);
+
+    if (pending.isEmpty()) {
+        qWarning() << "QFtpPrivate::_q_piError was called without pending command!";
+        return;
+    }
+
     QFtpCommand *c = pending.first();
 
     // non-fatal errors
diff --git a/src/network/access/qhttpnetworkconnection.cpp b/src/network/access/qhttpnetworkconnection.cpp
index a887449..a6322a3 100644
--- a/src/network/access/qhttpnetworkconnection.cpp
+++ b/src/network/access/qhttpnetworkconnection.cpp
@@ -71,9 +71,11 @@ const int QHttpNetworkConnectionPrivate::defaultChannelCount = 3;
 const int QHttpNetworkConnectionPrivate::defaultChannelCount = 6;
 #endif
 
-// the maximum amount of requests that might be pipelined into a socket
-// from what was suggested, 3 seems to be OK
+// The pipeline length. So there will be 4 requests in flight.
 const int QHttpNetworkConnectionPrivate::defaultPipelineLength = 3;
+// Only re-fill the pipeline if there's defaultRePipelineLength slots free in the pipeline.
+// This means that there are 2 requests in flight and 2 slots free that will be re-filled.
+const int QHttpNetworkConnectionPrivate::defaultRePipelineLength = 2;
 
 
 QHttpNetworkConnectionPrivate::QHttpNetworkConnectionPrivate(const QString &hostName, quint16 port, bool encrypt)
@@ -487,54 +489,68 @@ void QHttpNetworkConnectionPrivate::fillPipeline(QAbstractSocket *socket)
 
     int i = indexOf(socket);
 
-    bool highPriorityQueueProcessingDone = false;
-    bool lowPriorityQueueProcessingDone = false;
+    if (! (defaultPipelineLength - channels[i].alreadyPipelinedRequests.length() >= 2)) {
+        return;
+    }
 
-    while (!highPriorityQueueProcessingDone && !lowPriorityQueueProcessingDone) {
-        // this loop runs once per request we intend to pipeline in.
+    if (channels[i].pipeliningSupported != QHttpNetworkConnectionChannel::PipeliningProbablySupported)
+        return;
 
-        if (channels[i].pipeliningSupported != QHttpNetworkConnectionChannel::PipeliningProbablySupported)
-            return;
+    // the current request that is in must already support pipelining
+    if (!channels[i].request.isPipeliningAllowed())
+        return;
 
-        // the current request that is in must already support pipelining
-        if (!channels[i].request.isPipeliningAllowed())
-            return;
+    // the current request must be a idempotent (right now we only check GET)
+    if (channels[i].request.operation() != QHttpNetworkRequest::Get)
+        return;
 
-        // the current request must be a idempotent (right now we only check GET)
-        if (channels[i].request.operation() != QHttpNetworkRequest::Get)
-            return;
+    // check if socket is connected
+    if (socket->state() != QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState)
+        return;
 
-        // check if socket is connected
-        if (socket->state() != QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState)
-            return;
+    // check for resendCurrent
+    if (channels[i].resendCurrent)
+        return;
 
-        // check for resendCurrent
-        if (channels[i].resendCurrent)
-            return;
+    // we do not like authentication stuff
+    // ### make sure to be OK with this in later releases
+    if (!channels[i].authenticator.isNull() || !channels[i].authenticator.user().isEmpty())
+        return;
+    if (!channels[i].proxyAuthenticator.isNull() || !channels[i].proxyAuthenticator.user().isEmpty())
+        return;
+
+    // must be in ReadingState or WaitingState
+    if (! (channels[i].state == QHttpNetworkConnectionChannel::WaitingState
+           || channels[i].state == QHttpNetworkConnectionChannel::ReadingState))
+        return;
 
-        // we do not like authentication stuff
-        // ### make sure to be OK with this in later releases
-        if (!channels[i].authenticator.isNull() || !channels[i].authenticator.user().isEmpty())
-            return;
-        if (!channels[i].proxyAuthenticator.isNull() || !channels[i].proxyAuthenticator.user().isEmpty())
-            return;
 
-        // check for pipeline length
+    //qDebug() << "QHttpNetworkConnectionPrivate::fillPipeline processing highPriorityQueue, size=" << highPriorityQueue.size() << " alreadyPipelined=" << channels[i].alreadyPipelinedRequests.length();
+    int lengthBefore;
+    while (!highPriorityQueue.isEmpty()) {
+        lengthBefore = channels[i].alreadyPipelinedRequests.length();
+        fillPipeline(highPriorityQueue, channels[i]);
+
         if (channels[i].alreadyPipelinedRequests.length() >= defaultPipelineLength)
             return;
 
-        // must be in ReadingState or WaitingState
-        if (! (channels[i].state == QHttpNetworkConnectionChannel::WaitingState
-               || channels[i].state == QHttpNetworkConnectionChannel::ReadingState))
+        if (lengthBefore == channels[i].alreadyPipelinedRequests.length())
+            break; // did not process anything, now do the low prio queue
+    }
+
+    //qDebug() << "QHttpNetworkConnectionPrivate::fillPipeline processing lowPriorityQueue, size=" << lowPriorityQueue.size() << " alreadyPipelined=" << channels[i].alreadyPipelinedRequests.length();
+    while (!lowPriorityQueue.isEmpty()) {
+        lengthBefore = channels[i].alreadyPipelinedRequests.length();
+        fillPipeline(lowPriorityQueue, channels[i]);
+
+        if (channels[i].alreadyPipelinedRequests.length() >= defaultPipelineLength)
             return;
 
-        highPriorityQueueProcessingDone = fillPipeline(highPriorityQueue, channels[i]);
-        // not finished with highPriorityQueue? then loop again
-        if (!highPriorityQueueProcessingDone)
-            continue;
-        // highPriorityQueue was processed, now deal with the lowPriorityQueue
-        lowPriorityQueueProcessingDone = fillPipeline(lowPriorityQueue, channels[i]);
+        if (lengthBefore == channels[i].alreadyPipelinedRequests.length())
+            break; // did not process anything
     }
+
+
 }
 
 // returns true when the processing of a queue has been done
@@ -707,7 +723,6 @@ void QHttpNetworkConnectionPrivate::_q_startNextRequest()
             // if this is not possible, error will be emitted and connection terminated
             if (!channels[i].resetUploadData())
                 continue;
-
             channels[i].sendRequest();
         }
     }
@@ -747,8 +762,9 @@ void QHttpNetworkConnectionPrivate::_q_startNextRequest()
     // return fast if there is nothing to pipeline
     if (highPriorityQueue.isEmpty() && lowPriorityQueue.isEmpty())
         return;
-    for (int j = 0; j < channelCount; j++)
-        fillPipeline(channels[j].socket);
+    for (int i = 0; i < channelCount; i++)
+        if (channels[i].socket->state() == QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState)
+            fillPipeline(channels[i].socket);
 }
 
 void QHttpNetworkConnectionPrivate::_q_restartAuthPendingRequests()
diff --git a/src/network/access/qhttpnetworkconnection_p.h b/src/network/access/qhttpnetworkconnection_p.h
index 823774e..b5bd300 100644
--- a/src/network/access/qhttpnetworkconnection_p.h
+++ b/src/network/access/qhttpnetworkconnection_p.h
@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@ class QHttpNetworkConnectionPrivate : public QObjectPrivate
 public:
     static const int defaultChannelCount;
     static const int defaultPipelineLength;
+    static const int defaultRePipelineLength;
 
     QHttpNetworkConnectionPrivate(const QString &hostName, quint16 port, bool encrypt);
     QHttpNetworkConnectionPrivate(quint16 channelCount, const QString &hostName, quint16 port, bool encrypt);
diff --git a/src/network/access/qhttpnetworkconnectionchannel.cpp b/src/network/access/qhttpnetworkconnectionchannel.cpp
index 4a31b6f..f9a6de8 100644
--- a/src/network/access/qhttpnetworkconnectionchannel.cpp
+++ b/src/network/access/qhttpnetworkconnectionchannel.cpp
@@ -285,8 +285,8 @@ bool QHttpNetworkConnectionChannel::sendRequest()
         }
 
         // HTTP pipelining
-        connection->d_func()->fillPipeline(socket);
-        socket->flush();
+        //connection->d_func()->fillPipeline(socket);
+        //socket->flush();
 
         // ensure we try to receive a reply in all cases, even if _q_readyRead_ hat not been called
         // this is needed if the sends an reply before we have finished sending the request. In that
@@ -661,7 +661,8 @@ void QHttpNetworkConnectionChannel::allDone()
             connection->d_func()->fillPipeline(socket);
 
             // continue reading
-            _q_receiveReply();
+            //_q_receiveReply();
+            // this was wrong, allDone gets called from that function anyway.
         }
     } else if (alreadyPipelinedRequests.isEmpty() && socket->bytesAvailable() > 0) {
         eatWhitespace();
diff --git a/src/openvg/openvg.pro b/src/openvg/openvg.pro
index 3790492..883f0f3 100644
--- a/src/openvg/openvg.pro
+++ b/src/openvg/openvg.pro
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ contains(QT_CONFIG, egl) {
         qwindowsurface_vgegl.cpp
 }
 
-symbian: DEFINES += QVG_RECREATE_ON_SIZE_CHANGE
+symbian: DEFINES += QVG_RECREATE_ON_SIZE_CHANGE QVG_BUFFER_SCROLLING
 
 include(../qbase.pri)
 
diff --git a/src/openvg/qpaintengine_vg.cpp b/src/openvg/qpaintengine_vg.cpp
index d1e899a..5ae69cd 100644
--- a/src/openvg/qpaintengine_vg.cpp
+++ b/src/openvg/qpaintengine_vg.cpp
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
 #if !defined(QVG_NO_DRAW_GLYPHS)
 
-extern int qt_defaultDpiX();
-extern int qt_defaultDpiY();
+Q_DECL_IMPORT extern int qt_defaultDpiX();
+Q_DECL_IMPORT extern int qt_defaultDpiY();
 
 class QVGPaintEnginePrivate;
 
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ void QVGPaintEnginePrivate::setTransform
     vgLoadMatrix(mat);
 }
 
-extern bool qt_scaleForTransform(const QTransform &transform, qreal *scale);
+Q_DECL_IMPORT extern bool qt_scaleForTransform(const QTransform &transform, qreal *scale);
 
 void QVGPaintEnginePrivate::updateTransform(QPaintDevice *pdev)
 {
@@ -974,7 +974,7 @@ VGPath QVGPaintEnginePrivate::roundedRectPath(const QRectF &rect, qreal xRadius,
     return vgpath;
 }
 
-extern QImage qt_imageForBrush(int style, bool invert);
+Q_DECL_IMPORT extern QImage qt_imageForBrush(int style, bool invert);
 
 static QImage colorizeBitmap(const QImage &image, const QColor &color)
 {
diff --git a/src/openvg/qpixmapdata_vg.cpp b/src/openvg/qpixmapdata_vg.cpp
index 6258e0c..a4afc95 100644
--- a/src/openvg/qpixmapdata_vg.cpp
+++ b/src/openvg/qpixmapdata_vg.cpp
@@ -347,8 +347,8 @@ void QVGPixmapData::reclaimImages()
     destroyImages();
 }
 
-extern int qt_defaultDpiX();
-extern int qt_defaultDpiY();
+Q_DECL_IMPORT extern int qt_defaultDpiX();
+Q_DECL_IMPORT extern int qt_defaultDpiY();
 
 int QVGPixmapData::metric(QPaintDevice::PaintDeviceMetric metric) const
 {
diff --git a/src/openvg/qwindowsurface_vg.cpp b/src/openvg/qwindowsurface_vg.cpp
index 07d9209..55dcef3 100644
--- a/src/openvg/qwindowsurface_vg.cpp
+++ b/src/openvg/qwindowsurface_vg.cpp
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ QVGWindowSurface::QVGWindowSurface(QWidget *window)
 {
     // Create the default type of EGL window surface for windows.
     d_ptr = new QVGEGLWindowSurfaceDirect(this);
+    setStaticContentsSupport(d_ptr->supportsStaticContents());
 }
 
 QVGWindowSurface::QVGWindowSurface
@@ -89,7 +90,9 @@ void QVGWindowSurface::setGeometry(const QRect &rect)
 
 bool QVGWindowSurface::scroll(const QRegion &area, int dx, int dy)
 {
-    return QWindowSurface::scroll(area, dx, dy);
+    if (!d_ptr->scroll(window(), area, dx, dy))
+        return QWindowSurface::scroll(area, dx, dy);
+    return true;
 }
 
 void QVGWindowSurface::beginPaint(const QRegion &region)
diff --git a/src/openvg/qwindowsurface_vgegl.cpp b/src/openvg/qwindowsurface_vgegl.cpp
index 13ae807..92c4371 100644
--- a/src/openvg/qwindowsurface_vgegl.cpp
+++ b/src/openvg/qwindowsurface_vgegl.cpp
@@ -758,6 +758,33 @@ void QVGEGLWindowSurfaceDirect::endPaint
     }
 }
 
+bool QVGEGLWindowSurfaceDirect::supportsStaticContents() const
+{
+#if defined(QVG_BUFFER_SCROLLING) && !defined(QVG_NO_PRESERVED_SWAP)
+    return true;
+#else
+    return QVGEGLWindowSurfacePrivate::supportsStaticContents();
+#endif
+}
+
+bool QVGEGLWindowSurfaceDirect::scroll(QWidget *widget, const QRegion& area, int dx, int dy)
+{
+#ifdef QVG_BUFFER_SCROLLING
+    QEglContext *context = ensureContext(widget);
+    if (context) {
+        context->makeCurrent(windowSurface);
+        QRect scrollRect = area.boundingRect();
+        int sx = scrollRect.x();
+        int sy = size.height() - scrollRect.y() - scrollRect.height();
+        vgSeti(VG_SCISSORING, VG_FALSE);
+        vgCopyPixels(sx + dx, sy - dy, sx, sy, scrollRect.width(), scrollRect.height());
+        context->lazyDoneCurrent();
+        return true;
+    }
+#endif
+    return false;
+}
+
 QT_END_NAMESPACE
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/openvg/qwindowsurface_vgegl_p.h b/src/openvg/qwindowsurface_vgegl_p.h
index f6adbf3..fe62ed3 100644
--- a/src/openvg/qwindowsurface_vgegl_p.h
+++ b/src/openvg/qwindowsurface_vgegl_p.h
@@ -77,6 +77,8 @@ public:
         (QWidget *widget, const QRegion& region, QImage *image = 0) = 0;
     virtual VGImage surfaceImage() const;
     virtual QSize surfaceSize() const = 0;
+    virtual bool supportsStaticContents() const { return false; }
+    virtual bool scroll(QWidget *, const QRegion&, int, int) { return false; }
 
 private:
     QVGPaintEngine *engine;
@@ -128,6 +130,8 @@ public:
     void beginPaint(QWidget *widget);
     void endPaint(QWidget *widget, const QRegion& region, QImage *image);
     QSize surfaceSize() const { return size; }
+    bool supportsStaticContents() const;
+    bool scroll(QWidget *widget, const QRegion& area, int dx, int dy);
 
 protected:
     QEglContext *context;
diff --git a/src/script/api/qscriptengine.cpp b/src/script/api/qscriptengine.cpp
index f732907..0b8a2e4 100644
--- a/src/script/api/qscriptengine.cpp
+++ b/src/script/api/qscriptengine.cpp
@@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ JSC::JSValue JSC_HOST_CALL functionQsTranslate(JSC::ExecState *exec, JSC::JSObje
         else if (encStr == "UnicodeUTF8")
             encoding = QCoreApplication::UnicodeUTF8;
         else
-            return JSC::throwError(exec, JSC::GeneralError, QString::fromLatin1("qsTranslate(): invalid encoding '%s'").arg(encStr));
+            return JSC::throwError(exec, JSC::GeneralError, QString::fromLatin1("qsTranslate(): invalid encoding '%0'").arg(encStr));
     }
     int n = -1;
     if (args.size() > 4)
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ JSC::JSValue JSC_HOST_CALL functionQsTr(JSC::ExecState *exec, JSC::JSObject*, JS
     if ((args.size() > 1) && !args.at(1).isString())
         return JSC::throwError(exec, JSC::GeneralError, "qsTr(): second argument (comment) must be a string");
     if ((args.size() > 2) && !args.at(2).isNumber())
-        return JSC::throwError(exec, JSC::GeneralError, "qsTranslate(): third argument (n) must be a number");
+        return JSC::throwError(exec, JSC::GeneralError, "qsTr(): third argument (n) must be a number");
 #ifndef QT_NO_QOBJECT
     QScriptEnginePrivate *engine = scriptEngineFromExec(exec);
     JSC::UString context;
@@ -1514,7 +1514,7 @@ void QScriptEnginePrivate::detachAllRegisteredScriptStrings()
 
 #ifndef QT_NO_REGEXP
 
-extern QString qt_regexp_toCanonical(const QString &, QRegExp::PatternSyntax);
+Q_DECL_IMPORT extern QString qt_regexp_toCanonical(const QString &, QRegExp::PatternSyntax);
 
 JSC::JSValue QScriptEnginePrivate::newRegExp(JSC::ExecState *exec, const QRegExp &regexp)
 {
@@ -2009,7 +2009,7 @@ QScriptValue QScriptEngine::newFunction(QScriptEngine::FunctionSignature fun,
 
 #ifndef QT_NO_REGEXP
 
-extern QString qt_regexp_toCanonical(const QString &, QRegExp::PatternSyntax);
+Q_DECL_IMPORT extern QString qt_regexp_toCanonical(const QString &, QRegExp::PatternSyntax);
 
 /*!
   Creates a QtScript object of class RegExp with the given
@@ -3404,7 +3404,7 @@ void QScriptEngine::installTranslatorFunctions(const QScriptValue &object)
 //    unsigned attribs = JSC::DontEnum;
     JSC::asObject(jscObject)->putDirectFunction(exec, new (exec)JSC::NativeFunctionWrapper(exec, glob->prototypeFunctionStructure(), 5, JSC::Identifier(exec, "qsTranslate"), QScript::functionQsTranslate));
     JSC::asObject(jscObject)->putDirectFunction(exec, new (exec)JSC::NativeFunctionWrapper(exec, glob->prototypeFunctionStructure(), 2, JSC::Identifier(exec, "QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP"), QScript::functionQsTranslateNoOp));
-    JSC::asObject(jscObject)->putDirectFunction(exec, new (exec)JSC::NativeFunctionWrapper(exec, glob->prototypeFunctionStructure(), 3, JSC::Identifier(exec, "qsTr"), QScript::functionQsTr));
+    JSC::asObject(jscObject)->putDirectFunction(exec, new (exec)JSC::PrototypeFunction(exec, glob->prototypeFunctionStructure(), 3, JSC::Identifier(exec, "qsTr"), QScript::functionQsTr));
     JSC::asObject(jscObject)->putDirectFunction(exec, new (exec)JSC::NativeFunctionWrapper(exec, glob->prototypeFunctionStructure(), 1, JSC::Identifier(exec, "QT_TR_NOOP"), QScript::functionQsTrNoOp));
 
     glob->stringPrototype()->putDirectFunction(exec, new (exec)JSC::NativeFunctionWrapper(exec, glob->prototypeFunctionStructure(), 1, JSC::Identifier(exec, "arg"), QScript::stringProtoFuncArg));
diff --git a/src/script/parser/qscriptlexer.cpp b/src/script/parser/qscriptlexer.cpp
index 38ad6ce..ca64776 100644
--- a/src/script/parser/qscriptlexer.cpp
+++ b/src/script/parser/qscriptlexer.cpp
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 
 QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 
-extern double qstrtod(const char *s00, char const **se, bool *ok);
+Q_DECL_IMPORT extern double qstrtod(const char *s00, char const **se, bool *ok);
 
 #define shiftWindowsLineBreak() \
     do { \
diff --git a/src/svg/qsvghandler.cpp b/src/svg/qsvghandler.cpp
index bc4ca76..038aeb4 100644
--- a/src/svg/qsvghandler.cpp
+++ b/src/svg/qsvghandler.cpp
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 static const char *qt_inherit_text = "inherit";
 #define QT_INHERIT QLatin1String(qt_inherit_text)
 
-double qstrtod(const char *s00, char const **se, bool *ok);
+Q_DECL_IMPORT double qstrtod(const char *s00, char const **se, bool *ok);
 
 // ======== duplicated from qcolor_p
 
diff --git a/src/xmlpatterns/data/qdecimal_p.h b/src/xmlpatterns/data/qdecimal_p.h
index b746ff9..d17b647 100644
--- a/src/xmlpatterns/data/qdecimal_p.h
+++ b/src/xmlpatterns/data/qdecimal_p.h
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
 /**
  * Defined in QtCore's qlocale.cpp.
  */
-extern char *qdtoa(double d, int mode, int ndigits, int *decpt, int *sign, char **rve, char **resultp);
+Q_DECL_IMPORT extern char *qdtoa(double d, int mode, int ndigits, int *decpt, int *sign, char **rve, char **resultp);
 
 namespace QPatternist
 {
diff --git a/tests/auto/linguist/lupdate/testdata/good/parsecontexts/project.ts.result b/tests/auto/linguist/lupdate/testdata/good/parsecontexts/project.ts.result
index 2f21de2..53d7a25 100644
--- a/tests/auto/linguist/lupdate/testdata/good/parsecontexts/project.ts.result
+++ b/tests/auto/linguist/lupdate/testdata/good/parsecontexts/project.ts.result
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
         <location filename="main.cpp" line="238"/>
         <source></source>
         <comment>This is a comment to the translator.</comment>
-        <translation type="unfinished"></translation>
+        <translation></translation>
     </message>
 </context>
 <context>
diff --git a/tests/auto/linguist/lupdate/testdata/good/parsecpp/main.cpp b/tests/auto/linguist/lupdate/testdata/good/parsecpp/main.cpp
index 6e73d6d..0765bfc 100644
--- a/tests/auto/linguist/lupdate/testdata/good/parsecpp/main.cpp
+++ b/tests/auto/linguist/lupdate/testdata/good/parsecpp/main.cpp
@@ -252,3 +252,26 @@ class YetAnotherTest : QObject {
 
 //: This is a message without a source string
 QString test = qtTrId("yet_another_id");
+
+
+
+// QTBUG-9276: context in static initializers
+class Bogus : QObject {
+    Q_OBJECT
+
+    static const char * const s_strings[];
+};
+
+const char * const Bogus::s_strings[] = {
+    QT_TR_NOOP("this should be in Bogus")
+};
+
+const char * const Bogus::s_strings[SIZE] = {
+    QT_TR_NOOP("this should be in Bogus")
+};
+
+void bogosity()
+{
+    // no spaces here. test collateral damage from ignoring equal sign
+    Class::member=QObject::tr("just QObject");
+}
diff --git a/tests/auto/linguist/lupdate/testdata/good/parsecpp/project.ts.result b/tests/auto/linguist/lupdate/testdata/good/parsecpp/project.ts.result
index 6d50c21..208191d 100644
--- a/tests/auto/linguist/lupdate/testdata/good/parsecpp/project.ts.result
+++ b/tests/auto/linguist/lupdate/testdata/good/parsecpp/project.ts.result
@@ -26,6 +26,15 @@ backslashed \ stuff.</source>
     </message>
 </context>
 <context>
+    <name>Bogus</name>
+    <message>
+        <location filename="main.cpp" line="266"/>
+        <location filename="main.cpp" line="270"/>
+        <source>this should be in Bogus</source>
+        <translation type="unfinished"></translation>
+    </message>
+</context>
+<context>
     <name>Dialog2</name>
     <message numerus="yes">
         <location filename="main.cpp" line="70"/>
@@ -184,6 +193,14 @@ backslashed \ stuff.</source>
     </message>
 </context>
 <context>
+    <name>QObject</name>
+    <message>
+        <location filename="main.cpp" line="276"/>
+        <source>just QObject</source>
+        <translation type="unfinished"></translation>
+    </message>
+</context>
+<context>
     <name>QTranslator</name>
     <message>
         <location filename="main.cpp" line="93"/>
diff --git a/tests/auto/mediaobject/qtesthelper.h b/tests/auto/mediaobject/qtesthelper.h
index f082296..39d5b91 100644
--- a/tests/auto/mediaobject/qtesthelper.h
+++ b/tests/auto/mediaobject/qtesthelper.h
@@ -215,7 +215,6 @@ namespace QTest
         default:
             return 0;
         }
-        return 0;
     }
 } // namespace QTest
 QT_END_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/tests/auto/mediaobject/tst_mediaobject.cpp b/tests/auto/mediaobject/tst_mediaobject.cpp
index 5b0943e..994057b 100644
--- a/tests/auto/mediaobject/tst_mediaobject.cpp
+++ b/tests/auto/mediaobject/tst_mediaobject.cpp
@@ -193,31 +193,17 @@ static qint32 castQVariantToInt32(const QVariant &variant)
     return *reinterpret_cast<const qint32 *>(variant.constData());
 }
 
-static const char *const red    = "\033[0;31m";
-static const char *const green  = "\033[0;32m";
-static const char *const yellow = "\033[0;33m";
-static const char *const blue   = "\033[0;34m";
-static const char *const purple = "\033[0;35m";
-static const char *const cyan   = "\033[0;36m";
-static const char *const white  = "\033[0;37m";
-static const char *const normal = "\033[0m";
-
 void tst_MediaObject::stateChanged(Phonon::State newstate, Phonon::State oldstate)
 {
-    if (newstate == Phonon::ErrorState) {
-        QWARN(QByteArray(QByteArray(red) + ".......................................................... ") + QByteArray(QTest::toString(oldstate)) + " to " + QByteArray(QTest::toString(newstate)) + normal);
-    } else {
-        //qDebug() << ".........................................................." << cyan << QTest::toString(oldstate) << "to" << QTest::toString(newstate) << normal;
-    }
+    if (newstate == Phonon::ErrorState)
+        QWARN(QByteArray(QByteArray(QTest::toString(oldstate)) + " to " + QByteArray(QTest::toString(newstate))));
 }
 
 void tst_MediaObject::testPlayFromResource()
 {
 #ifdef Q_OS_SYMBIAN
     QSKIP("Not implemented yet.", SkipAll);
-    return;
-#endif
-
+#else
     QFile file(MEDIA_FILEPATH);
     MediaObject media;
     media.setCurrentSource(&file);
@@ -229,6 +215,7 @@ void tst_MediaObject::testPlayFromResource()
     if (media.state() != Phonon::PlayingState)
         QTest::waitForSignal(&media, SIGNAL(stateChanged(Phonon::State, Phonon::State)), 10000);
     QCOMPARE(media.state(), Phonon::PlayingState);
+#endif
 }
 
 void tst_MediaObject::testPlayIllegalFile()
@@ -264,6 +251,13 @@ void tst_MediaObject::init()
         }
         m_stateChangedSignalSpy->clear();
     }
+
+    // Ensure that m_media is in StoppedState
+    if (m_media->state() != Phonon::StoppedState) {
+        m_media->stop();
+        QTest::waitForSignal(m_media, SIGNAL(stateChanged(Phonon::State, Phonon::State)));
+        QCOMPARE(m_media->state(), Phonon::StoppedState);
+    }
 }
 
 void tst_MediaObject::cleanup()
@@ -579,13 +573,18 @@ void tst_MediaObject::playSDP()
     if (m_media->state() != Phonon::StoppedState)
         QTest::waitForSignal(m_media, SIGNAL(stateChanged(Phonon::State, Phonon::State)), 10000);
 
-    // At this point we're in error state due to absent media, but it has now loaded the SDP:
-    QCOMPARE(m_media->errorString(), QString::fromLatin1("Buffering clip failed: Unknown error (-39)"));
+    // MediaObject should have loaded the SDP, but be in error state due to absent media
+    const bool stateMatch = (m_media->state() == Phonon::ErrorState);
+    const bool errorStringMatch = (m_media->errorString() == QString::fromLatin1("Loading clip failed: Unknown error (-39)"));
 
-    // We cannot play the SDP, we can neither attempt to play it, because we
-    // won't get a state change from ErrorState to ErrorState, and hence block
-    // on a never occuring signal.
+    // Ensure that m_media is back in ground state prior to starting next test step
     m_media->setCurrentSource(oldSource);
+    if (m_media->state() != Phonon::StoppedState)
+       QTest::waitForSignal(m_media, SIGNAL(stateChanged(Phonon::State, Phonon::State)));
+    QCOMPARE(m_media->state(), Phonon::StoppedState);
+
+    QVERIFY(stateMatch);
+    QVERIFY(errorStringMatch);
 
 #else
     QSKIP("Unsupported on this platform.", SkipAll);
diff --git a/tests/auto/qfileinfo/tst_qfileinfo.cpp b/tests/auto/qfileinfo/tst_qfileinfo.cpp
index da5c772..403c5f9 100644
--- a/tests/auto/qfileinfo/tst_qfileinfo.cpp
+++ b/tests/auto/qfileinfo/tst_qfileinfo.cpp
@@ -1189,7 +1189,7 @@ void tst_QFileInfo::isLocalFs()
 
 void tst_QFileInfo::refresh()
 {
-#if defined(Q_OS_WINCE)
+#if defined(Q_OS_WINCE) || defined(Q_OS_WIN)
     int sleepTime = 3000;
 #else
     int sleepTime = 2000;
diff --git a/tests/auto/qgraphicsproxywidget/tst_qgraphicsproxywidget.cpp b/tests/auto/qgraphicsproxywidget/tst_qgraphicsproxywidget.cpp
index e46709b..d5f63d3 100644
--- a/tests/auto/qgraphicsproxywidget/tst_qgraphicsproxywidget.cpp
+++ b/tests/auto/qgraphicsproxywidget/tst_qgraphicsproxywidget.cpp
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #include <QtTest/QtTest>
 #include <QtGui>
 #include "../../shared/util.h"
+#include <private/qgraphicsproxywidget_p.h>
 #include <private/qlayoutengine_p.h>    // qSmartMin functions...
 #if defined(Q_WS_MAC) && !defined(QT_NO_STYLE_MAC)
 #include <QMacStyle>
@@ -2582,33 +2583,68 @@ void tst_QGraphicsProxyWidget::changingCursor_basic()
 
 void tst_QGraphicsProxyWidget::tooltip_basic()
 {
-    // Confirm that mouse events are working properly by checking that
-    // when moving the mouse over a label with a tooptip the tooltip appears
-    QGraphicsScene scene;
-    QGraphicsView view(&scene);
-    view.show();
+    QString toolTip = "Qt rocks!";
+    QString toolTip2 = "Qt rocks even more!";
+
+    QPushButton *button = new QPushButton("button");
+    QGraphicsProxyWidget *proxy = new QGraphicsProxyWidget;
+    QGraphicsProxyWidgetPrivate *proxyd = static_cast<QGraphicsProxyWidgetPrivate *>(QGraphicsItemPrivate::get(proxy));
+    proxy->setWidget(button);
+    proxyd->lastWidgetUnderMouse = button; // force widget under mouse
+
+    QVERIFY(button->toolTip().isEmpty());
+    QVERIFY(proxy->toolTip().isEmpty());
+    // Check that setting the tooltip on the proxy also set it on the widget
+    proxy->setToolTip(toolTip);
+    QCOMPARE(proxy->toolTip(), toolTip);
+    QCOMPARE(button->toolTip(), toolTip);
+    // Check that setting the tooltip on the widget also set it on the proxy
+    button->setToolTip(toolTip2);
+    QCOMPARE(proxy->toolTip(), toolTip2);
+    QCOMPARE(button->toolTip(), toolTip2);
 
-    QSKIP("Tooltips don't work yet", SkipAll);
-
-    SubQGraphicsProxyWidget *proxy = new SubQGraphicsProxyWidget;
-    QLabel *widget = new QLabel;
-    widget->setText("If it ain't tested it's broken");
-    widget->setToolTip("When in doubt, test");
-    proxy->setWidget(widget);
-    widget->show();
+    QGraphicsScene scene;
     scene.addItem(proxy);
-    QTest::qWait(125);
 
-    // in
-    QTest::mouseMove(view.viewport(), view.mapFromScene(proxy->mapToScene(proxy->boundingRect().center())));
+    QGraphicsView view(&scene);
+    view.setFixedSize(200, 200);
+    view.show();
+    QTest::qWaitForWindowShown(&view);
+    {
+        QHelpEvent helpEvent(QEvent::ToolTip, view.viewport()->rect().topLeft(),
+                             view.viewport()->mapToGlobal(view.viewport()->rect().topLeft()));
+        QApplication::sendEvent(view.viewport(), &helpEvent);
+        QTest::qWait(350);
+
+        bool foundView = false;
+        bool foundTipLabel = false;
+        foreach (QWidget *widget, QApplication::topLevelWidgets()) {
+            if (widget == &view)
+                foundView = true;
+            if (widget->inherits("QTipLabel"))
+                foundTipLabel = true;
+        }
+        QVERIFY(foundView);
+        QVERIFY(!foundTipLabel);
+    }
 
-    QTRY_COMPARE(proxy->childItems().count(), 1);
-    QGraphicsProxyWidget *child = (QGraphicsProxyWidget*)(proxy->childItems())[0];
-    QVERIFY(child->isWidget());
-    QVERIFY(child->widget());
-    QCOMPARE(child->widget()->parent(), static_cast<QObject*>(widget));
-    QCOMPARE(child->widget()->x(), widget->x()); // ### ???
-    QCOMPARE(child->widget()->y(), widget->y() + widget->height()); // ### ???
+    {
+        QHelpEvent helpEvent(QEvent::ToolTip, view.mapFromScene(proxy->boundingRect().center()),
+                             view.viewport()->mapToGlobal(view.mapFromScene(proxy->boundingRect().center())));
+        QApplication::sendEvent(view.viewport(), &helpEvent);
+        QTest::qWait(350);
+
+        bool foundView = false;
+        bool foundTipLabel = false;
+        foreach (QWidget *widget, QApplication::topLevelWidgets()) {
+            if (widget == &view)
+                foundView = true;
+            if (widget->inherits("QTipLabel"))
+                foundTipLabel = true;
+        }
+        QVERIFY(foundView);
+        QVERIFY(foundTipLabel);
+    }
 }
 
 void tst_QGraphicsProxyWidget::childPos_data()
diff --git a/tests/auto/qhttpnetworkconnection/tst_qhttpnetworkconnection.cpp b/tests/auto/qhttpnetworkconnection/tst_qhttpnetworkconnection.cpp
index 35ebbd9..0b55390 100644
--- a/tests/auto/qhttpnetworkconnection/tst_qhttpnetworkconnection.cpp
+++ b/tests/auto/qhttpnetworkconnection/tst_qhttpnetworkconnection.cpp
@@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ void tst_QHttpNetworkConnection::getMultiple_data()
 
     QTest::newRow("6 connections, no pipelining, 100 requests")  << quint16(6) << false << 100;
     QTest::newRow("1 connection, no pipelining, 100 requests")  << quint16(1) << false << 100;
-    QTest::newRow("6 connections, pipelining allowed, 100 requests")  << quint16(2) << true << 100;
+    QTest::newRow("6 connections, pipelining allowed, 100 requests")  << quint16(6) << true << 100;
     QTest::newRow("1 connection, pipelining allowed, 100 requests")  << quint16(1) << true << 100;
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/auto/qlocale/tst_qlocale.cpp b/tests/auto/qlocale/tst_qlocale.cpp
index 182f73b..7a5d8a6 100644
--- a/tests/auto/qlocale/tst_qlocale.cpp
+++ b/tests/auto/qlocale/tst_qlocale.cpp
@@ -1921,7 +1921,7 @@ void tst_QLocale::dateFormat()
     const QLocale no("no_NO");
     QCOMPARE(no.dateFormat(QLocale::NarrowFormat), QLatin1String("dd.MM.yy"));
     QCOMPARE(no.dateFormat(QLocale::ShortFormat), QLatin1String("dd.MM.yy"));
-    QCOMPARE(no.dateFormat(QLocale::LongFormat), QLatin1String("dddd d. MMMM y"));
+    QCOMPARE(no.dateFormat(QLocale::LongFormat), QLatin1String("dddd d. MMMM yyyy"));
 }
 
 void tst_QLocale::timeFormat()
@@ -1933,7 +1933,7 @@ void tst_QLocale::timeFormat()
     const QLocale no("no_NO");
     QCOMPARE(no.timeFormat(QLocale::NarrowFormat), QLatin1String("HH:mm"));
     QCOMPARE(no.timeFormat(QLocale::ShortFormat), QLatin1String("HH:mm"));
-    QCOMPARE(no.timeFormat(QLocale::LongFormat), QLatin1String("'kl'. HH:mm:ss tttt"));
+    QCOMPARE(no.timeFormat(QLocale::LongFormat), QLatin1String("'kl'. HH:mm:ss t"));
 }
 
 void tst_QLocale::dateTimeFormat()
@@ -1945,7 +1945,7 @@ void tst_QLocale::dateTimeFormat()
     const QLocale no("no_NO");
     QCOMPARE(no.dateTimeFormat(QLocale::NarrowFormat), QLatin1String("dd.MM.yy HH:mm"));
     QCOMPARE(no.dateTimeFormat(QLocale::ShortFormat), QLatin1String("dd.MM.yy HH:mm"));
-    QCOMPARE(no.dateTimeFormat(QLocale::LongFormat), QLatin1String("dddd d. MMMM y 'kl'. HH:mm:ss tttt"));
+    QCOMPARE(no.dateTimeFormat(QLocale::LongFormat), QLatin1String("dddd d. MMMM yyyy 'kl'. HH:mm:ss t"));
 }
 
 void tst_QLocale::monthName()
diff --git a/tests/auto/qscriptengine/translatable.js b/tests/auto/qscriptengine/translatable.js
index 0c948e7..30e139a 100644
--- a/tests/auto/qscriptengine/translatable.js
+++ b/tests/auto/qscriptengine/translatable.js
@@ -5,3 +5,5 @@ var greeting_strings = [
     QT_TR_NOOP("Hello"),
     QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP("FooContext", "Goodbye")
 ];
+
+qsTr("One", "not the same one");
diff --git a/tests/auto/qscriptengine/translatable2.js b/tests/auto/qscriptengine/translatable2.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eee66f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/auto/qscriptengine/translatable2.js
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+qsTr("Three");
+qsTranslate("BarContext", "Four");
+
+var celebration_strings = [
+    QT_TR_NOOP("Happy birthday!"),
+    QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP("BarContext", "Congratulations!")
+];
+
+qsTr("Three", "not the same three");
diff --git a/tests/auto/qscriptengine/translations/translatable_la.qm b/tests/auto/qscriptengine/translations/translatable_la.qm
index 03fcc52..703d0f1 100644
--- a/tests/auto/qscriptengine/translations/translatable_la.qm
+++ b/tests/auto/qscriptengine/translations/translatable_la.qm
diff --git a/tests/auto/qscriptengine/translations/translatable_la.ts b/tests/auto/qscriptengine/translations/translatable_la.ts
index 3f631de..1598f39 100644
--- a/tests/auto/qscriptengine/translations/translatable_la.ts
+++ b/tests/auto/qscriptengine/translations/translatable_la.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,19 @@
 <!DOCTYPE TS>
 <TS version="2.0" language="nb_NO">
 <context>
+    <name>BarContext</name>
+    <message>
+        <location filename="translatable2.js" line="2"/>
+        <source>Four</source>
+        <translation>Fire</translation>
+    </message>
+    <message>
+        <location filename="translatable2.js" line="6"/>
+        <source>Congratulations!</source>
+        <translation>Gratulerer!</translation>
+    </message>
+</context>
+<context>
     <name>FooContext</name>
     <message>
         <location filename="translatable.js" line="2"/>
@@ -27,8 +40,33 @@
         <translation>Hallo</translation>
     </message>
     <message>
+        <location filename="translatable.js" line="9"/>
+        <source>One</source>
+        <comment>not the same one</comment>
+        <translation>Enda en</translation>
+    </message>
+    <message>
         <source>Goodbye</source>
         <translation type="obsolete">Farvel</translation>
     </message>
 </context>
+<context>
+    <name>translatable2</name>
+    <message>
+        <location filename="translatable2.js" line="1"/>
+        <source>Three</source>
+        <translation>Tre</translation>
+    </message>
+    <message>
+        <location filename="translatable2.js" line="5"/>
+        <source>Happy birthday!</source>
+        <translation>Gratulerer med dagen!</translation>
+    </message>
+    <message>
+        <location filename="translatable2.js" line="9"/>
+        <source>Three</source>
+        <comment>not the same three</comment>
+        <translation>Tre andre</translation>
+    </message>
+</context>
 </TS>
diff --git a/tests/auto/qscriptengine/tst_qscriptengine.cpp b/tests/auto/qscriptengine/tst_qscriptengine.cpp
index 96043f9..89ea1db 100644
--- a/tests/auto/qscriptengine/tst_qscriptengine.cpp
+++ b/tests/auto/qscriptengine/tst_qscriptengine.cpp
@@ -156,6 +156,8 @@ private slots:
     void installTranslatorFunctions_data();
     void installTranslatorFunctions();
     void translateScript();
+    void translateWithInvalidArgs_data();
+    void translateWithInvalidArgs();
     void functionScopes();
     void nativeFunctionScopes();
     void evaluateProgram();
@@ -4336,6 +4338,11 @@ void tst_QScriptEngine::installTranslatorFunctions()
     }
 }
 
+static QScriptValue callQsTr(QScriptContext *ctx, QScriptEngine *eng)
+{
+    return eng->globalObject().property("qsTr").call(ctx->thisObject(), ctx->argumentsObject());
+}
+
 void tst_QScriptEngine::translateScript()
 {
     QScriptEngine engine;
@@ -4362,6 +4369,17 @@ void tst_QScriptEngine::translateScript()
     QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("eval('qsTranslate(\\'FooContext\\', \\'Two\\')')", fileName).toString(), QString::fromLatin1("To"));
     QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("eval('qsTranslate(\\'FooContext\\', \\'Goodbye\\')')", fileName).toString(), QString::fromLatin1("Farvel"));
 
+    QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("qsTranslate('FooContext', 'Goodbye', '', 'UnicodeUTF8')", fileName).toString(), QString::fromLatin1("Farvel"));
+
+    QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("qsTr('One', 'not the same one')", fileName).toString(), QString::fromLatin1("Enda en"));
+
+    QVERIFY(engine.evaluate("QT_TR_NOOP()").isUndefined());
+    QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("QT_TR_NOOP('One')").toString(), QString::fromLatin1("One"));
+
+    QVERIFY(engine.evaluate("QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP()").isUndefined());
+    QVERIFY(engine.evaluate("QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP('FooContext')").isUndefined());
+    QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP('FooContext', 'Two')").toString(), QString::fromLatin1("Two"));
+
     // Don't exist in translation
     QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("qsTr('Three')", fileName).toString(), QString::fromLatin1("Three"));
     QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("qsTranslate('FooContext', 'So long')", fileName).toString(), QString::fromLatin1("So long"));
@@ -4372,9 +4390,75 @@ void tst_QScriptEngine::translateScript()
     QCOMPARE(engine.globalObject().property("qsTr").call(
                  QScriptValue(), QScriptValueList() << "One").toString(), QString::fromLatin1("One"));
 
+    // Translate strings from the second script (translatable2.js)
+
+    QString fileName2 = QString::fromLatin1("translatable2.js");
+
+    QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("qsTr('Three')", fileName2).toString(), QString::fromLatin1("Tre"));
+    QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("qsTr('Happy birthday!')", fileName2).toString(), QString::fromLatin1("Gratulerer med dagen!"));
+
+    // Not translated because translation is only in translatable.js
+    QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("qsTr('One')", fileName2).toString(), QString::fromLatin1("One"));
+    QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("(function() { return qsTr('One'); })()", fileName2).toString(), QString::fromLatin1("One"));
+
+    // For qsTranslate() the filename shouldn't matter
+    QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("qsTranslate('FooContext', 'Two')", fileName2).toString(), QString::fromLatin1("To"));
+    QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("qsTranslate('BarContext', 'Congratulations!')", fileName).toString(), QString::fromLatin1("Gratulerer!"));
+
+    // qsTr() should use the innermost filename as context
+    engine.evaluate("function foo(s) { return bar(s); }", fileName);
+    engine.evaluate("function bar(s) { return qsTr(s); }", fileName2);
+    QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("bar('Three')", fileName2).toString(), QString::fromLatin1("Tre"));
+    QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("bar('Three')", fileName).toString(), QString::fromLatin1("Tre"));
+    QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("bar('One')", fileName2).toString(), QString::fromLatin1("One"));
+
+    engine.evaluate("function foo(s) { return bar(s); }", fileName2);
+    engine.evaluate("function bar(s) { return qsTr(s); }", fileName);
+    QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("bar('Three')", fileName2).toString(), QString::fromLatin1("Three"));
+    QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("bar('One')", fileName).toString(), QString::fromLatin1("En"));
+    QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("bar('One')", fileName2).toString(), QString::fromLatin1("En"));
+
+    // Calling qsTr() from a native function
+    engine.globalObject().setProperty("qsTrProxy", engine.newFunction(callQsTr));
+    QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("qsTrProxy('One')", fileName).toString(), QString::fromLatin1("En"));
+    QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("qsTrProxy('One')", fileName2).toString(), QString::fromLatin1("One"));
+    QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("qsTrProxy('Three')", fileName).toString(), QString::fromLatin1("Three"));
+    QCOMPARE(engine.evaluate("qsTrProxy('Three')", fileName2).toString(), QString::fromLatin1("Tre"));
+
     QCoreApplication::instance()->removeTranslator(&translator);
 }
 
+void tst_QScriptEngine::translateWithInvalidArgs_data()
+{
+    QTest::addColumn<QString>("expression");
+    QTest::addColumn<QString>("expectedError");
+
+    QTest::newRow("qsTr()")  << "qsTr()" << "Error: qsTr() requires at least one argument";
+    QTest::newRow("qsTr(123)")  << "qsTr(123)" << "Error: qsTr(): first argument (text) must be a string";
+    QTest::newRow("qsTr('foo', 123)")  << "qsTr('foo', 123)" << "Error: qsTr(): second argument (comment) must be a string";
+    QTest::newRow("qsTr('foo', 'bar', 'baz')")  << "qsTr('foo', 'bar', 'baz')" << "Error: qsTr(): third argument (n) must be a number";
+    QTest::newRow("qsTr('foo', 'bar', true)")  << "qsTr('foo', 'bar', true)" << "Error: qsTr(): third argument (n) must be a number";
+
+    QTest::newRow("qsTranslate()")  << "qsTranslate()" << "Error: qsTranslate() requires at least two arguments";
+    QTest::newRow("qsTranslate('foo')")  << "qsTranslate('foo')" << "Error: qsTranslate() requires at least two arguments";
+    QTest::newRow("qsTranslate('foo', 123)")  << "qsTranslate('foo', 123)" << "Error: qsTranslate(): second argument (text) must be a string";
+    QTest::newRow("qsTranslate('foo', 'bar', 123)")  << "qsTranslate('foo', 'bar', 123)" << "Error: qsTranslate(): third argument (comment) must be a string";
+    QTest::newRow("qsTranslate('foo', 'bar', 'baz', 123)")  << "qsTranslate('foo', 'bar', 'baz', 123)" << "Error: qsTranslate(): fourth argument (encoding) must be a string";
+    QTest::newRow("qsTranslate('foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'zab', 'rab')")  << "qsTranslate('foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'zab', 'rab')" << "Error: qsTranslate(): fifth argument (n) must be a number";
+    QTest::newRow("qsTranslate('foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'zab', 123)")  << "qsTranslate('foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'zab', 123)" << "Error: qsTranslate(): invalid encoding 'zab'";
+}
+
+void tst_QScriptEngine::translateWithInvalidArgs()
+{
+    QFETCH(QString, expression);
+    QFETCH(QString, expectedError);
+    QScriptEngine engine;
+    engine.installTranslatorFunctions();
+    QScriptValue result = engine.evaluate(expression);
+    QVERIFY(result.isError());
+    QCOMPARE(result.toString(), expectedError);
+}
+
 void tst_QScriptEngine::functionScopes()
 {
     QScriptEngine eng;
diff --git a/tests/auto/qscriptextqobject/tst_qscriptextqobject.cpp b/tests/auto/qscriptextqobject/tst_qscriptextqobject.cpp
index c1496f7..09070e6 100644
--- a/tests/auto/qscriptextqobject/tst_qscriptextqobject.cpp
+++ b/tests/auto/qscriptextqobject/tst_qscriptextqobject.cpp
@@ -534,6 +534,7 @@ private slots:
     void connectToDestroyedSignal();
     void emitAfterReceiverDeleted();
     void inheritedSlots();
+    void enumerateMetaObject();
 
 private:
     QScriptEngine *m_engine;
@@ -3130,5 +3131,38 @@ void tst_QScriptExtQObject::inheritedSlots()
     QCOMPARE(prototypeButtonClickedSpy.count(), 0);
 }
 
+void tst_QScriptExtQObject::enumerateMetaObject()
+{
+    QScriptValue myClass = m_engine->newQMetaObject(m_myObject->metaObject(), m_engine->undefinedValue());
+
+    QStringList expectedNames;
+    expectedNames << "FooPolicy" << "BarPolicy" << "BazPolicy"
+                  << "FooStrategy" << "BarStrategy" << "BazStrategy"
+                  << "NoAbility" << "FooAbility" << "BarAbility" << "BazAbility" << "AllAbility";
+
+    for (int x = 0; x < 2; ++x) {
+        QSet<QString> actualNames;
+        if (x == 0) {
+            // From C++
+            QScriptValueIterator it(myClass);
+            while (it.hasNext()) {
+                it.next();
+                actualNames.insert(it.name());
+            }
+        } else {
+            // From JS
+            m_engine->globalObject().setProperty("MyClass", myClass);
+            QScriptValue ret = m_engine->evaluate("a=[]; for (var p in MyClass) if (MyClass.hasOwnProperty(p)) a.push(p); a");
+            QVERIFY(ret.isArray());
+            QStringList strings = qscriptvalue_cast<QStringList>(ret);
+            for (int i = 0; i < strings.size(); ++i)
+                actualNames.insert(strings.at(i));
+        }
+        QCOMPARE(actualNames.size(), expectedNames.size());
+        for (int i = 0; i < expectedNames.size(); ++i)
+            QVERIFY(actualNames.contains(expectedNames.at(i)));
+    }
+}
+
 QTEST_MAIN(tst_QScriptExtQObject)
 #include "tst_qscriptextqobject.moc"
diff --git a/tests/auto/qtextscriptengine/tst_qtextscriptengine.cpp b/tests/auto/qtextscriptengine/tst_qtextscriptengine.cpp
index 018c036..0a7458f 100644
--- a/tests/auto/qtextscriptengine/tst_qtextscriptengine.cpp
+++ b/tests/auto/qtextscriptengine/tst_qtextscriptengine.cpp
@@ -871,6 +871,8 @@ void tst_QTextScriptEngine::malayalam()
                   { 0x3f8, 0x0 } },
                 { { 0xd2f, 0xd4d, 0xd15, 0xd4d, 0xd15, 0xd41, 0x0 },
                   { 0x2ff, 0x0 } },
+                { { 0xd30, 0xd4d, 0x200d, 0xd35, 0xd4d, 0xd35, 0x0 },
+                  { 0xf3, 0x350, 0x0 } },
 
                 { {0}, {0} }
             };
diff --git a/tests/auto/uiloader/baseline/css_scroll.ui b/tests/auto/uiloader/baseline/css_scroll.ui
index 0537ab0..6ac6886 100644
--- a/tests/auto/uiloader/baseline/css_scroll.ui
+++ b/tests/auto/uiloader/baseline/css_scroll.ui
@@ -14,8 +14,10 @@
    <string>Form</string>
   </property>
   <property name="styleSheet">
-   <string notr="true">QScrollArea { background:red; }
-QScrollArea .QWidget { background:transparent; }
+   <string notr="true">QScrollArea { background:red; 
+ border: 5px dashed blue; }
+QScrollArea .QWidget { background:transparent; 
+  border: 5px dotted green;}
 QScrollArea::corner { background:yellow; }
 
 
@@ -111,10 +113,10 @@ QScrollArea::corner { background:yellow; }
      <widget class="QWidget" name="scrollAreaWidgetContents">
       <property name="geometry">
        <rect>
-        <x>-60</x>
-        <y>-145</y>
-        <width>554</width>
-        <height>575</height>
+        <x>0</x>
+        <y>0</y>
+        <width>520</width>
+        <height>532</height>
        </rect>
       </property>
       <layout class="QGridLayout" name="gridLayout_3">
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/script/qscriptengine/tst_qscriptengine.cpp b/tests/benchmarks/script/qscriptengine/tst_qscriptengine.cpp
index 6c6f0b1..35e2f28 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/script/qscriptengine/tst_qscriptengine.cpp
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/script/qscriptengine/tst_qscriptengine.cpp
@@ -269,19 +269,22 @@ void tst_QScriptEngine::nativeCall()
 void tst_QScriptEngine::translation_data()
 {
     QTest::addColumn<QString>("text");
-    QTest::newRow("no translation") << "\"hello world\"";
-    QTest::newRow("qsTr") << "qsTr(\"hello world\")";
-    QTest::newRow("qsTranslate") << "qsTranslate(\"\", \"hello world\")";
+    QTest::addColumn<QString>("fileName");
+    QTest::newRow("no translation") << "\"hello world\"" << "";
+    QTest::newRow("qsTr") << "qsTr(\"hello world\")" << "";
+    QTest::newRow("qsTranslate") << "qsTranslate(\"\", \"hello world\")" << "";
+    QTest::newRow("qsTr:script.js") << "qsTr(\"hello world\")" << "script.js";
 }
 
 void tst_QScriptEngine::translation()
 {
     QFETCH(QString, text);
+    QFETCH(QString, fileName);
     QScriptEngine engine;
     engine.installTranslatorFunctions();
 
     QBENCHMARK {
-        (void)engine.evaluate(text);
+        (void)engine.evaluate(text, fileName);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/manual/network_remote_stresstest/network_remote_stresstest.pro b/tests/manual/network_remote_stresstest/network_remote_stresstest.pro
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ed1090
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/manual/network_remote_stresstest/network_remote_stresstest.pro
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+load(qttest_p4)
+
+QT = core network
+
+SOURCES  += tst_network_remote_stresstest.cpp
+
+RESOURCES += url-list.qrc
+
diff --git a/tests/manual/network_remote_stresstest/tst_network_remote_stresstest.cpp b/tests/manual/network_remote_stresstest/tst_network_remote_stresstest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90a95e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/manual/network_remote_stresstest/tst_network_remote_stresstest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,499 @@
+/****************************************************************************
+**
+** Copyright (C) 2010 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies).
+** All rights reserved.
+** Contact: Nokia Corporation (qt-info@nokia.com)
+**
+** This file is part of the test suite of the Qt Toolkit.
+**
+** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:LGPL$
+** No Commercial Usage
+** This file contains pre-release code and may not be distributed.
+** You may use this file in accordance with the terms and conditions
+** contained in the Technology Preview License Agreement accompanying
+** this package.
+**
+** GNU Lesser General Public License Usage
+** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Lesser
+** General Public License version 2.1 as published by the Free Software
+** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.LGPL included in the
+** packaging of this file.  Please review the following information to
+** ensure the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1 requirements
+** will be met: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.1.html.
+**
+** In addition, as a special exception, Nokia gives you certain additional
+** rights.  These rights are described in the Nokia Qt LGPL Exception
+** version 1.1, included in the file LGPL_EXCEPTION.txt in this package.
+**
+** If you have questions regarding the use of this file, please contact
+** Nokia at qt-info@nokia.com.
+**
+**
+**
+**
+**
+**
+**
+**
+** $QT_END_LICENSE$
+**
+****************************************************************************/
+
+#include <QtTest/QtTest>
+#include <QtCore/QThread>
+#include <QtCore/QSemaphore>
+#include <QtCore/QElapsedTimer>
+#include <QtCore/QSharedPointer>
+#include <QtCore/QVector>
+#include <QtNetwork/QTcpSocket>
+#include <QtNetwork/QSslSocket>
+#include <QtNetwork/QNetworkReply>
+#include <QtNetwork/QNetworkAccessManager>
+
+#ifdef QT_BUILD_INTERNAL
+# include <private/qnetworkaccessmanager_p.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <qplatformdefs.h>
+#ifdef Q_OS_UNIX
+# include <sys/types.h>
+# include <sys/socket.h>
+# include <sys/select.h>
+# include <netinet/in.h>
+# include <errno.h>
+# include <netdb.h>
+# include <signal.h>
+# include <unistd.h>
+# include <fcntl.h>
+
+typedef int SOCKET;
+# define INVALID_SOCKET -1
+# define SOCKET_ERROR -1
+
+#elif defined(Q_OS_WIN)
+# include <winsock2.h>
+#endif
+
+Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(QVector<QUrl>)
+
+class tst_NetworkRemoteStressTest : public QObject
+{
+    Q_OBJECT
+public:
+    enum { AttemptCount = 100 };
+    tst_NetworkRemoteStressTest();
+
+    qint64 byteCounter;
+    QNetworkAccessManager manager;
+    QVector<QUrl> httpUrls, httpsUrls, mixedUrls;
+    bool intermediateDebug;
+
+private:
+    void clearManager();
+
+public slots:
+    void initTestCase_data();
+    void init();
+
+    void slotReadAll() { byteCounter += static_cast<QIODevice *>(sender())->readAll().size(); }
+
+private Q_SLOTS:
+    void blockingSequentialRemoteHosts();
+    void sequentialRemoteHosts();
+    void parallelRemoteHosts_data();
+    void parallelRemoteHosts();
+    void namRemoteGet_data();
+    void namRemoteGet();
+};
+
+tst_NetworkRemoteStressTest::tst_NetworkRemoteStressTest()
+    : intermediateDebug(qgetenv("STRESSDEBUG").toInt() > 0)
+{
+#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
+    WSAData wsadata;
+
+    // IPv6 requires Winsock v2.0 or better.
+    WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,0), &wsadata);
+#elif defined(Q_OS_UNIX) && !defined(Q_OS_SYMBIAN)
+    ::signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
+#endif
+
+    QFile urlList(":/url-list.txt");
+    if (urlList.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
+        while (!urlList.atEnd()) {
+            QByteArray line = urlList.readLine().trimmed();
+            QUrl url = QUrl::fromEncoded(line);
+            if (url.scheme() == "http") {
+                httpUrls << url;
+                mixedUrls << url;
+            } else if (url.scheme() == "https") {
+                httpsUrls << url;
+                mixedUrls << url;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    httpUrls << httpUrls;
+    httpsUrls << httpsUrls;
+}
+
+void tst_NetworkRemoteStressTest::initTestCase_data()
+{
+    QTest::addColumn<QVector<QUrl> >("urlList");
+    QTest::addColumn<bool>("useSslSocket");
+
+    QTest::newRow("no-ssl") << httpUrls << false;
+//    QTest::newRow("no-ssl-in-sslsocket") << httpUrls << true;
+    QTest::newRow("ssl") << httpsUrls << true;
+    QTest::newRow("mixed") << mixedUrls << false;
+//    QTest::newRow("mixed-in-sslsocket") << mixedUrls << true;
+}
+
+void tst_NetworkRemoteStressTest::init()
+{
+    // clear the internal cache
+#ifndef QT_BUILD_INTERNAL
+    if (strncmp(QTest::currentTestFunction(), "nam") == 0)
+        QSKIP("QNetworkAccessManager tests disabled", SkipAll);
+#endif
+}
+
+void tst_NetworkRemoteStressTest::clearManager()
+{
+#ifdef QT_BUILD_INTERNAL
+    QNetworkAccessManagerPrivate::clearCache(&manager);
+    manager.setProxy(QNetworkProxy());
+    manager.setCache(0);
+#endif
+}
+
+bool nativeLookup(const char *hostname, int port, QByteArray &buf)
+{
+#if !defined(QT_NO_GETADDRINFO) && 0
+    addrinfo *res = 0;
+    struct addrinfo hints;
+    memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
+    hints.ai_family = PF_UNSPEC;
+
+    int result = getaddrinfo(QUrl::toAce(hostname).constData(), QByteArray::number(port).constData(), &hints, &res);
+    if (!result)
+        return false;
+    for (addrinfo *node = res; node; node = node->ai_next) {
+        if (node->ai_family == AF_INET) {
+            buf = QByteArray((char *)node->ai_addr, node->ai_addrlen);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    freeaddrinfo(res);
+#else
+    hostent *result = gethostbyname(hostname);
+    if (!result || result->h_addrtype != AF_INET)
+        return false;
+
+    struct sockaddr_in s;
+    s.sin_family = AF_INET;
+    s.sin_port = htons(port);
+    s.sin_addr =  *(struct in_addr *) result->h_addr_list[0];
+
+    buf = QByteArray((char *)&s, sizeof s);
+#endif
+
+    return !buf.isEmpty();
+}
+
+bool nativeSelect(int fd, int timeout, bool selectForWrite)
+{
+    if (timeout < 0)
+        return false;
+
+    // wait for connected
+    fd_set fds, fde;
+    FD_ZERO(&fds);
+    FD_ZERO(&fde);
+    FD_SET(fd, &fds);
+    FD_SET(fd, &fde);
+
+    int ret;
+    do {
+        struct timeval tv;
+        tv.tv_sec = timeout / 1000;
+        tv.tv_usec = timeout % 1000;
+        if (selectForWrite)
+            ret = ::select(fd + 1, 0, &fds, &fde, &tv);
+        else
+            ret = ::select(fd + 1, &fds, 0, &fde, &tv);
+    } while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+    return ret != 0;
+}
+
+void tst_NetworkRemoteStressTest::blockingSequentialRemoteHosts()
+{
+    QFETCH_GLOBAL(QVector<QUrl>, urlList);
+    QFETCH_GLOBAL(bool, useSslSocket);
+
+    qint64 totalBytes = 0;
+    QElapsedTimer outerTimer;
+    outerTimer.start();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < urlList.size(); ++i) {
+        const QUrl &url = urlList.at(i);
+        bool isHttps = url.scheme() == "https";
+        QElapsedTimer timeout;
+        byteCounter = 0;
+        timeout.start();
+
+        QSharedPointer<QTcpSocket> socket;
+        if (useSslSocket || isHttps) {
+            socket = QSharedPointer<QTcpSocket>(new QSslSocket);
+        } else {
+            socket = QSharedPointer<QTcpSocket>(new QTcpSocket);
+        }
+
+        socket->connectToHost(url.host(), url.port(isHttps ? 443 : 80));
+        QVERIFY2(socket->waitForConnected(10000), "Timeout connecting to " + url.encodedHost());
+
+        if (isHttps) {
+            static_cast<QSslSocket *>(socket.data())->setProtocol(QSsl::TlsV1);
+            static_cast<QSslSocket *>(socket.data())->startClientEncryption();
+            static_cast<QSslSocket *>(socket.data())->ignoreSslErrors();
+            QVERIFY2(static_cast<QSslSocket *>(socket.data())->waitForEncrypted(10000), "Timeout starting TLS with " + url.encodedHost());
+        }
+
+        socket->write("GET " + url.toEncoded(QUrl::RemoveScheme | QUrl::RemoveAuthority | QUrl::RemoveFragment) + " HTTP/1.0\r\n"
+                      "Connection: close\r\n"
+                      "User-Agent: tst_QTcpSocket_stresstest/1.0\r\n"
+                      "Host: " + url.encodedHost() + "\r\n"
+                      "\r\n");
+        while (socket->bytesToWrite())
+            QVERIFY2(socket->waitForBytesWritten(10000), "Timeout writing to " + url.encodedHost());
+
+        while (socket->state() == QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState && !timeout.hasExpired(10000)) {
+            socket->waitForReadyRead(10000);
+            byteCounter += socket->readAll().size(); // discard
+        }
+        QVERIFY2(!timeout.hasExpired(10000), "Timeout reading from " + url.encodedHost());
+
+        totalBytes += byteCounter;
+        if (intermediateDebug) {
+            double rate = (byteCounter * 1.0 / timeout.elapsed());
+            qDebug() << i << url << byteCounter << "bytes in" << timeout.elapsed() << "ms:"
+                    << (rate / 1024.0 * 1000) << "kB/s";
+        }
+    }
+    qDebug() << "Average transfer rate was" << (totalBytes / 1024.0 * 1000 / outerTimer.elapsed()) << "kB/s";
+}
+
+void tst_NetworkRemoteStressTest::sequentialRemoteHosts()
+{
+    QFETCH_GLOBAL(QVector<QUrl>, urlList);
+    QFETCH_GLOBAL(bool, useSslSocket);
+
+    qint64 totalBytes = 0;
+    QElapsedTimer outerTimer;
+    outerTimer.start();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < urlList.size(); ++i) {
+        const QUrl &url = urlList.at(i);
+        bool isHttps = url.scheme() == "https";
+        QElapsedTimer timeout;
+        byteCounter = 0;
+        timeout.start();
+
+        QSharedPointer<QTcpSocket> socket;
+        if (useSslSocket || isHttps) {
+            socket = QSharedPointer<QTcpSocket>(new QSslSocket);
+        } else {
+            socket = QSharedPointer<QTcpSocket>(new QTcpSocket);
+        }
+        if (isHttps) {
+            static_cast<QSslSocket *>(socket.data())->setProtocol(QSsl::TlsV1);
+            static_cast<QSslSocket *>(socket.data())->connectToHostEncrypted(url.host(), url.port(443));
+            static_cast<QSslSocket *>(socket.data())->ignoreSslErrors();
+        } else {
+            socket->connectToHost(url.host(), url.port(80));
+        }
+
+        socket->write("GET " + url.toEncoded(QUrl::RemoveScheme | QUrl::RemoveAuthority | QUrl::RemoveFragment) + " HTTP/1.0\r\n"
+                      "Connection: close\r\n"
+                      "User-Agent: tst_QTcpSocket_stresstest/1.0\r\n"
+                      "Host: " + url.encodedHost() + "\r\n"
+                      "\r\n");
+        connect(socket.data(), SIGNAL(readyRead()), SLOT(slotReadAll()));
+
+        QTestEventLoop::instance().connect(socket.data(), SIGNAL(disconnected()), SLOT(exitLoop()));
+        QTestEventLoop::instance().enterLoop(30);
+        QVERIFY2(!QTestEventLoop::instance().timeout(), "Timeout with " + url.encodedHost() + "; "
+                 + QByteArray::number(socket->bytesToWrite()) + " bytes to write");
+
+        totalBytes += byteCounter;
+        if (intermediateDebug) {
+            double rate = (byteCounter * 1.0 / timeout.elapsed());
+            qDebug() << i << url << byteCounter << "bytes in" << timeout.elapsed() << "ms:"
+                    << (rate / 1024.0 * 1000) << "kB/s";
+        }
+    }
+    qDebug() << "Average transfer rate was" << (totalBytes / 1024.0 * 1000 / outerTimer.elapsed()) << "kB/s";
+}
+
+void tst_NetworkRemoteStressTest::parallelRemoteHosts_data()
+{
+    QTest::addColumn<int>("parallelAttempts");
+    QTest::newRow("1") << 1;
+    QTest::newRow("2") << 2;
+    QTest::newRow("4") << 4;
+    QTest::newRow("5") << 5;
+    QTest::newRow("6") << 6;
+    QTest::newRow("8") << 8;
+    QTest::newRow("10") << 10;
+    QTest::newRow("25") << 25;
+    QTest::newRow("500") << 500;
+}
+
+void tst_NetworkRemoteStressTest::parallelRemoteHosts()
+{
+    QFETCH_GLOBAL(QVector<QUrl>, urlList);
+    QFETCH_GLOBAL(bool, useSslSocket);
+
+    QFETCH(int, parallelAttempts);
+
+    qint64 totalBytes = 0;
+    QElapsedTimer outerTimer;
+    outerTimer.start();
+
+    QVector<QUrl>::ConstIterator it = urlList.constBegin();
+    while (it != urlList.constEnd()) {
+        QElapsedTimer timeout;
+        byteCounter = 0;
+        timeout.start();
+
+        QVector<QSharedPointer<QTcpSocket> > sockets;
+        sockets.reserve(parallelAttempts);
+        for (int j = 0; j < parallelAttempts && it != urlList.constEnd(); ++j, ++it) {
+            const QUrl &url = *it;
+            bool isHttps = url.scheme() == "https";
+            QTcpSocket *socket;
+            if (useSslSocket || isHttps)
+                socket = new QSslSocket;
+            else
+                socket = new QTcpSocket;
+            if (isHttps) {
+                static_cast<QSslSocket *>(socket)->setProtocol(QSsl::TlsV1);
+                static_cast<QSslSocket *>(socket)->connectToHostEncrypted(url.host(), url.port(443));
+                static_cast<QSslSocket *>(socket)->ignoreSslErrors();
+            } else {
+                socket->connectToHost(url.host(), url.port(isHttps ? 443 : 80));
+            }
+
+            socket->write("GET " + url.toEncoded(QUrl::RemoveScheme | QUrl::RemoveAuthority | QUrl::RemoveFragment) + " HTTP/1.0\r\n"
+                          "Connection: close\r\n"
+                          "User-Agent: tst_QTcpSocket_stresstest/1.0\r\n"
+                          "Host: " + url.encodedHost() + "\r\n"
+                          "\r\n");
+            connect(socket, SIGNAL(readyRead()), SLOT(slotReadAll()));
+            QTestEventLoop::instance().connect(socket, SIGNAL(disconnected()), SLOT(exitLoop()));
+            socket->setProperty("remoteUrl", url);
+
+            sockets.append(QSharedPointer<QTcpSocket>(socket));
+        }
+
+        while (!timeout.hasExpired(10000)) {
+            QTestEventLoop::instance().enterLoop(10);
+            int done = 0;
+            for (int j = 0; j < sockets.size(); ++j)
+                done += sockets[j]->state() == QAbstractSocket::UnconnectedState ? 1 : 0;
+            if (done == sockets.size())
+                break;
+        }
+        for (int j = 0; j < sockets.size(); ++j)
+            if (sockets[j]->state() != QAbstractSocket::UnconnectedState) {
+                qDebug() << "Socket to" << sockets[j]->property("remoteUrl").toUrl() << "still open with"
+                        << sockets[j]->bytesToWrite() << "bytes to write";
+                QFAIL("Timed out");
+            }
+
+        totalBytes += byteCounter;
+        if (intermediateDebug) {
+            double rate = (byteCounter * 1.0 / timeout.elapsed());
+            qDebug() << byteCounter << "bytes in" << timeout.elapsed() << "ms:"
+                    << (rate / 1024.0 * 1000) << "kB/s";
+        }
+    }
+    qDebug() << "Average transfer rate was" << (totalBytes / 1024.0 * 1000 / outerTimer.elapsed()) << "kB/s";
+}
+
+void tst_NetworkRemoteStressTest::namRemoteGet_data()
+{
+    QTest::addColumn<int>("parallelAttempts");
+    QTest::newRow("1") << 1;
+    QTest::newRow("2") << 2;
+    QTest::newRow("4") << 4;
+    QTest::newRow("5") << 5;
+    QTest::newRow("6") << 6;
+    QTest::newRow("8") << 8;
+    QTest::newRow("10") << 10;
+    QTest::newRow("25") << 25;
+    QTest::newRow("500") << 500;
+}
+
+void tst_NetworkRemoteStressTest::namRemoteGet()
+{
+    QFETCH_GLOBAL(QVector<QUrl>, urlList);
+
+    QFETCH(int, parallelAttempts);
+    bool pipelineAllowed = false;// QFETCH(bool, pipelineAllowed);
+
+    qint64 totalBytes = 0;
+    QElapsedTimer outerTimer;
+    outerTimer.start();
+
+    QVector<QUrl>::ConstIterator it = urlList.constBegin();
+    while (it != urlList.constEnd()) {
+        QElapsedTimer timeout;
+        byteCounter = 0;
+        timeout.start();
+
+        QNetworkRequest req;
+        req.setAttribute(QNetworkRequest::HttpPipeliningAllowedAttribute, pipelineAllowed);
+
+        QVector<QSharedPointer<QNetworkReply> > replies;
+        replies.reserve(parallelAttempts);
+        for (int j = 0; j < parallelAttempts && it != urlList.constEnd(); ++j) {
+            req.setUrl(*it++);
+            QNetworkReply *r = manager.get(req);
+            r->ignoreSslErrors();
+
+            connect(r, SIGNAL(readyRead()), SLOT(slotReadAll()));
+            QTestEventLoop::instance().connect(r, SIGNAL(finished()), SLOT(exitLoop()));
+
+            replies.append(QSharedPointer<QNetworkReply>(r));
+        }
+
+        while (!timeout.hasExpired(30000)) {
+            QTestEventLoop::instance().enterLoop(30 - timeout.elapsed() / 1000);
+            int done = 0;
+            for (int j = 0; j < replies.size(); ++j)
+                done += replies[j]->isFinished() ? 1 : 0;
+            if (done == replies.size())
+                break;
+        }
+        if (timeout.hasExpired(30000)) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < replies.size(); ++j)
+                if (!replies[j]->isFinished())
+                    qDebug() << "Request" << replies[j]->url() << "not finished";
+            QFAIL("Timed out");
+        }
+        replies.clear();
+
+        totalBytes += byteCounter;
+        if (intermediateDebug) {
+            double rate = (byteCounter * 1.0 / timeout.elapsed());
+            qDebug() << byteCounter << "bytes in" << timeout.elapsed() << "ms:"
+                    << (rate / 1024.0 * 1000) << "kB/s";
+        }
+    }
+    qDebug() << "Average transfer rate was" << (totalBytes / 1024.0 * 1000 / outerTimer.elapsed()) << "kB/s";
+}
+
+QTEST_MAIN(tst_NetworkRemoteStressTest);
+
+#include "tst_network_remote_stresstest.moc"
diff --git a/tests/manual/network_remote_stresstest/url-list.qrc b/tests/manual/network_remote_stresstest/url-list.qrc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec529e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/manual/network_remote_stresstest/url-list.qrc
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<RCC>
+    <qresource prefix="/">
+        <file>url-list.txt</file>
+    </qresource>
+</RCC>
diff --git a/tests/manual/network_remote_stresstest/url-list.txt b/tests/manual/network_remote_stresstest/url-list.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edbf7e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/manual/network_remote_stresstest/url-list.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+http://www.digicert.com/CACerts/DigiCertAssuredIDRootCA.crt
+http://www.digicert.com/CACerts/DigiCertGlobalRootCA.crt
+http://www.digicert.com/CACerts/DigiCertHighAssuranceEVRootCA.crt
+http://www.quovadis.bm/public/qvrca2.crt
+http://www.quovadis.bm/public/qvrca3.crt
+https://secure.globalsign.net/cacert/root-r2.crt
+http://secure.globalsign.net/cacert/Root-R1.crt
+http://www.certplus.com/PC/certplus_class2.pem
+https://www.startssl.com/certs/ca.crt
+http://www.turktrust.com.tr/sertifikalar/TURKTRUST_Elektronik_Sertifika_Hizmet_Saglayicisi.crt
+http://www.turktrust.com.tr/sertifikalar/kok_s2.crt
+http://crt.comodoca.com/COMODOCertificationAuthority.crt
+http://crt.comodoca.com/COMODOECCCertificationAuthority.crt
+https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/attachment.cgi?id=368998
+https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/attachment.cgi?id=335538
+https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/attachment.cgi?id=304810
+https://www.securetrust.com/legal/STCA.txt
+https://www.securetrust.com/legal/SGCA.txt
+http://www.securetrust.com/legal/XGCA.txt
+http://www.diginotar.nl/files/Rootcertificaten/DigiNotar%20root%20CA2007.crt
+https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/attachment.cgi?id=294057
+https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/attachment.cgi?id=368997
+https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/attachment.cgi?id=306731
+https://certs.starfieldtech.com/repository/valicert_class2_root.crt
+https://certs.godaddy.com/repository/gd-class2-root.crt
+https://certs.starfieldtech.com/repository/sf-class2-root.crt
+ftp://ftp.networksolutions.com/certs/netsolevroot.crt
+https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/attachment.cgi?id=335551
+https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/attachment.cgi?id=369000
+https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/attachment.cgi?id=306736
+https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/attachment.cgi?id=267983
+https://swisssign.net/cgi-bin/authority/download?ca=50AFCC078715476F38C5B465D1DE95AAE9DF9CCC&into=browser
+https://swisssign.net/cgi-bin/authority/download?ca=5B257B96A465517EB839F3C078665EE83AE7F0EE&into=browser
+https://swisssign.net/cgi-bin/authority/download?ca=17A0CDC1E441B63A5B3BCB459DBD1CC298FA8658&into=browser
+http://apps.identrust.com/roots/DSTROOTCAX3.cer
+https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/attachment.cgi?id=277051
+http://www.ssi.gouv.fr/IMG/crt/igca-rsa.crt
+http://www.e-szigno.hu/RootCA.crt
+http://www.s-trust.de/service_support/zertifikatsmanagement/verzeichnisdienste/download_wurzelzertifikate/ordner_crt_dateien/authentication.crt
+http://www.trustcenter.de/media/class_2_ii.der
+http://www.trustcenter.de/media/class_3_ii.der
+http://www.trustcenter.de/media/Universal_CA-I.der
+http://www.certigna.fr/ca/ACcertigna.crt
+https://repository.secomtrust.net/EV-Root1/EVRoot1ca.cer
+http://fedir.comsign.co.il/cacert/ComsignCA.crt
+http://fedir.comsign.co.il/cacert/ComsignSecuredCA.crt
+http://crl.pki.wellsfargo.com/wsprca.crt
+http://cacert.omniroot.com/ct_root_ss.crt
+http://www.kamusm.gov.tr/BilgiDeposu/KOKSHS.v3.crt
+https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/attachment.cgi?id=380381
+http://210.71.154.6/download/ROOTeCA.cer
+https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/attachment.cgi?id=359654
+http://www.gpki.go.jp/apcaself/APCAroot.der
+https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/attachment.cgi?id=405525
+https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/attachment.cgi?id=361508
+https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/attachment.cgi?id=361508
+http://www.hongkongpost.gov.hk/product/download/root/img/smartid_rt.cacert
+http://www.sk.ee/files/JUUR-SK.der
+https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/attachment.cgi?id=408102
+http://www.disig.eu/ca/cert/ca_disig.der
+https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/attachment.cgi?id=365241
+https://www2.jcsinc.co.jp/repository/certs/SSAD-rca.der
diff --git a/tests/manual/network_stresstest/minihttpserver.cpp b/tests/manual/network_stresstest/minihttpserver.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3630674
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/manual/network_stresstest/minihttpserver.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+/****************************************************************************
+**
+** Copyright (C) 2010 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies).
+** All rights reserved.
+** Contact: Nokia Corporation (qt-info@nokia.com)
+**
+** This file is part of the FOO module of the Qt Toolkit.
+**
+** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:LGPL$
+** No Commercial Usage
+** This file contains pre-release code and may not be distributed.
+** You may use this file in accordance with the terms and conditions
+** contained in the Technology Preview License Agreement accompanying
+** this package.
+**
+** GNU Lesser General Public License Usage
+** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Lesser
+** General Public License version 2.1 as published by the Free Software
+** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.LGPL included in the
+** packaging of this file.  Please review the following information to
+** ensure the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1 requirements
+** will be met: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.1.html.
+**
+** In addition, as a special exception, Nokia gives you certain additional
+** rights.  These rights are described in the Nokia Qt LGPL Exception
+** version 1.1, included in the file LGPL_EXCEPTION.txt in this package.
+**
+** If you have questions regarding the use of this file, please contact
+** Nokia at qt-info@nokia.com.
+**
+**
+**
+**
+**
+**
+**
+**
+** $QT_END_LICENSE$
+**
+****************************************************************************/
+
+
+#include "minihttpserver.h"
+#include <QtCore/QFile>
+#include <QtCore/QSemaphore>
+#include <QtCore/QUrl>
+#include <QtNetwork/QTcpServer>
+#include <QtNetwork/QTcpSocket>
+
+MiniHttpServer::MiniHttpServer(QObject *parent) :
+    QThread(parent)
+{
+    readyToGo = new QSemaphore;
+    start();
+    readyToGo->acquire();
+    delete readyToGo;
+}
+
+MiniHttpServer::~MiniHttpServer()
+{
+    quitObject->deleteLater();
+    wait();
+}
+
+void MiniHttpServer::run()
+{
+    server = new QTcpServer;
+    server->listen(QHostAddress::LocalHost);
+    portnum = server->serverPort();
+    connect(server, SIGNAL(newConnection()), this, SLOT(handleConnection()), Qt::DirectConnection);
+
+    quitObject = new QObject;
+    connect(quitObject, SIGNAL(destroyed()), this, SLOT(quit()), Qt::DirectConnection);
+
+    readyToGo->release();
+    exec();
+
+    // cleanup
+    delete server;
+}
+
+void MiniHttpServer::handleConnection()
+{
+    while (server->hasPendingConnections()) {
+        QTcpSocket *socket = server->nextPendingConnection();
+        new MiniHttpServerConnection(socket); // handles its own lifetime
+    }
+}
+
+MiniHttpServerConnection::MiniHttpServerConnection(QTcpSocket *socket)
+    : QObject(socket), socket(socket), source(0)
+{
+    connect(socket, SIGNAL(readyRead()), SLOT(handleReadyRead()));
+    connect(socket, SIGNAL(bytesWritten(qint64)), SLOT(handleBytesWritten()));
+    connect(socket, SIGNAL(disconnected()), SLOT(handleDisconnected()));
+
+    timeout.setInterval(30000);
+    timeout.setSingleShot(true);
+    connect(&timeout, SIGNAL(timeout()), SLOT(handleTimeout()));
+    timeout.start();
+}
+
+void MiniHttpServerConnection::sendError500()
+{
+    static const char body[] =
+            "HTTP/1.1 500 Server Error\r\n"
+            "Connection: close\r\n"
+            "Content-Length: 0\r\n"
+            "\r\n";
+    socket->write(body, strlen(body));
+    socket->disconnectFromHost();
+}
+
+void MiniHttpServerConnection::sendError404()
+{
+    static const char body1[] =
+            "HTTP/1.1 404 File not found\r\n"
+            "Content-Length: 0\r\n";
+    socket->write(body1, strlen(body1));
+    if (connectionClose) {
+        socket->write("Connection: close\r\n\r\n");
+        socket->disconnectFromHost();
+    } else {
+        socket->write("\r\n");
+        handlePendingRequest();
+    }
+}
+
+void MiniHttpServerConnection::handlePendingRequest()
+{
+    int endOfRequest = buffer.indexOf("\r\n\r\n");
+    if (endOfRequest == -1)
+        return; // nothing to do
+
+    QByteArray request = buffer.left(endOfRequest);
+    buffer = buffer.mid(endOfRequest + 4);
+    //qDebug("request: %s", request.constData());
+
+    if (!request.startsWith("GET ")) {
+        sendError500();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    int eol = request.indexOf("\r\n");
+    static const char http11[] = " HTTP/1.1";
+    if (memcmp(request.data() + eol - strlen(http11), http11, strlen(http11)) != 0) {
+        sendError500();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    QUrl uri = QUrl::fromEncoded(request.mid(4, eol - strlen(http11) - 4));
+    source.setFileName(":" + uri.path());
+
+    // connection-close?
+    request = request.toLower();
+    connectionClose = request.contains("\r\nconnection: close\r\n");
+
+    if (!source.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
+        sendError404();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // success
+    timeout.stop();
+    static const char body[] =
+            "HTTP/1.1 200 Ok\r\n"
+            "Content-Type: text/plain\r\n"
+            "Content-Length: ";
+    socket->write(body, strlen(body));
+    socket->write(QByteArray::number(source.size()));
+    if (connectionClose)
+        socket->write("\r\nConnection: close");
+    socket->write("\r\n\r\n");
+
+    handleBytesWritten();
+}
+
+void MiniHttpServerConnection::handleReadyRead()
+{
+    buffer += socket->readAll();
+    if (!source.isOpen())
+        handlePendingRequest();
+}
+
+void MiniHttpServerConnection::handleDisconnected()
+{
+    socket->deleteLater(); // will delete us too
+}
+
+void MiniHttpServerConnection::handleBytesWritten()
+{
+    qint64 maxBytes = qMin<qint64>(128*1024, source.bytesAvailable());
+    maxBytes = qMin(maxBytes, 128*1024 - socket->bytesToWrite());
+    if (maxBytes < 0)
+        return;
+
+    socket->write(source.read(maxBytes));
+
+    if (source.atEnd()) {
+        // file ended
+        source.close();
+        if (connectionClose) {
+            socket->disconnectFromHost();
+        } else {
+            timeout.start();
+            handlePendingRequest();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void MiniHttpServerConnection::handleTimeout()
+{
+    socket->disconnectFromHost();
+}
diff --git a/tests/manual/network_stresstest/minihttpserver.h b/tests/manual/network_stresstest/minihttpserver.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9fcc8fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/manual/network_stresstest/minihttpserver.h
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/****************************************************************************
+**
+** Copyright (C) 2010 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies).
+** All rights reserved.
+** Contact: Nokia Corporation (qt-info@nokia.com)
+**
+** This file is part of the FOO module of the Qt Toolkit.
+**
+** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:LGPL$
+** No Commercial Usage
+** This file contains pre-release code and may not be distributed.
+** You may use this file in accordance with the terms and conditions
+** contained in the Technology Preview License Agreement accompanying
+** this package.
+**
+** GNU Lesser General Public License Usage
+** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Lesser
+** General Public License version 2.1 as published by the Free Software
+** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.LGPL included in the
+** packaging of this file.  Please review the following information to
+** ensure the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1 requirements
+** will be met: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.1.html.
+**
+** In addition, as a special exception, Nokia gives you certain additional
+** rights.  These rights are described in the Nokia Qt LGPL Exception
+** version 1.1, included in the file LGPL_EXCEPTION.txt in this package.
+**
+** If you have questions regarding the use of this file, please contact
+** Nokia at qt-info@nokia.com.
+**
+**
+**
+**
+**
+**
+**
+**
+** $QT_END_LICENSE$
+**
+****************************************************************************/
+
+
+#ifndef MINIHTTPSERVER_H
+#define MINIHTTPSERVER_H
+
+#include <QtCore/QThread>
+#include <QtCore/QFile>
+#include <QtCore/QTimer>
+
+class QFile;
+class QSemaphore;
+class QTcpServer;
+class QTcpSocket;
+
+class MiniHttpServer : public QThread
+{
+    Q_OBJECT
+public:
+    explicit MiniHttpServer(QObject *parent = 0);
+    ~MiniHttpServer();
+
+    int port() { return portnum; }
+
+protected:
+    void run();
+
+private slots:
+    void handleConnection();
+
+private:
+    QTcpServer *server;
+    QObject *quitObject;
+    QSemaphore *readyToGo;
+    int portnum;
+};
+
+class MiniHttpServerConnection: public QObject
+{
+    Q_OBJECT
+    QTcpSocket * const socket;
+    QFile source;
+    QTimer timeout;
+    QByteArray buffer;
+    bool connectionClose;
+public:
+    explicit MiniHttpServerConnection(QTcpSocket *socket);
+
+    void sendError500();
+    void sendError404();
+    void handlePendingRequest();
+
+public slots:
+    void handleReadyRead();
+    void handleBytesWritten();
+    void handleDisconnected();
+    void handleTimeout();
+};
+
+#endif // MINIHTTPSERVER_H
diff --git a/tests/manual/network_stresstest/network_stresstest.pro b/tests/manual/network_stresstest/network_stresstest.pro
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e272d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/manual/network_stresstest/network_stresstest.pro
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+load(qttest_p4)
+
+QT = core network
+
+SOURCES  += tst_network_stresstest.cpp \
+    minihttpserver.cpp
+
+HEADERS += \
+    minihttpserver.h
+
+RESOURCES += wwwfiles.qrc
+QMAKE_RESOURCE_FLAGS += -no-compress
diff --git a/tests/manual/network_stresstest/qtest/bigfile b/tests/manual/network_stresstest/qtest/bigfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb114a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/manual/network_stresstest/qtest/bigfile
@@ -0,0 +1,17980 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Network Working Group                                         H. Kennedy
+Request for Comments: 3252                                      Mimezine
+Category: Informational                                     1 April 2002
+
+
+                 Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
+   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
+   memo is unlimited.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Abstract
+
+   This document defines a reformulation of IP and two transport layer
+   protocols (TCP and UDP) as XML applications.
+
+1.   Introduction
+
+1.1. Overview
+
+   This document describes the Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+   (BLOAT): a reformulation of a widely-deployed network-layer protocol
+   (IP [RFC791]), and two associated transport layer protocols (TCP
+   [RFC793] and UDP [RFC768]) as XML [XML] applications.  It also
+   describes methods for transporting BLOAT over Ethernet and IEEE 802
+   networks as well as encapsulating BLOAT in IP for gatewaying BLOAT
+   across the public Internet.
+
+1.2. Motivation
+
+   The wild popularity of XML as a basis for application-level protocols
+   such as the Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol [RFC3080], the Simple
+   Object Access Protocol [SOAP], and Jabber [JABBER] prompted
+   investigation into the possibility of extending the use of XML in the
+   protocol stack.  Using XML at both the transport and network layer in
+   addition to the application layer would provide for an amazing amount
+   of power and flexibility while removing dependencies on proprietary
+   and hard-to-understand binary protocols.  This protocol unification
+   would also allow applications to use a single XML parser for all
+   aspects of their operation, eliminating developer time spent figuring
+   out the intricacies of each new protocol, and moving the hard work of
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 1]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   parsing to the XML toolset.  The use of XML also mitigates concerns
+   over "network vs. host" byte ordering which is at the root of many
+   network application bugs.
+
+1.3. Relation to Existing Protocols
+
+   The reformulations specified in this RFC follow as closely as
+   possible the spirit of the RFCs on which they are based, and so MAY
+   contain elements or attributes that would not be needed in a pure
+   reworking (e.g. length attributes, which are implicit in XML.)
+
+   The layering of network and transport protocols are maintained in
+   this RFC despite the optimizations that could be made if the line
+   were somewhat blurred (i.e. merging TCP and IP into a single, larger
+   element in the DTD) in order to foster future use of this protocol as
+   a basis for reformulating other protocols (such as ICMP.)
+
+   Other than the encoding, the behavioral aspects of each of the
+   existing protocols remain unchanged.  Routing, address spaces, TCP
+   congestion control, etc. behave as specified in the extant standards.
+   Adapting to new standards and experimental algorithm heuristics for
+   improving performance will become much easier once the move to BLOAT
+   has been completed.
+
+1.4. Requirement Levels
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
+   [RFC2119].
+
+2.   IPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.
+   IPoXML is the root protocol REQUIRED for effective use of TCPoXML
+   (section 3.) and higher-level application protocols.
+
+   The DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.1.
+
+   The routing of IPoXML can be easily implemented on hosts with an XML
+   parser, as the regular structure lends itself handily to parsing and
+   validation of the document/datagram and then processing the
+   destination address, TTL, and checksum before sending it on to its
+   next-hop.
+
+   The reformulation of IPv4 was chosen over IPv6 [RFC2460] due to the
+   wider deployment of IPv4 and the fact that implementing IPv6 as XML
+   would have exceeded the 1500 byte Ethernet MTU.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 2]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   All BLOAT implementations MUST use - and specify - the UTF-8 encoding
+   of RFC 2279 [RFC2279].  All BLOAT document/datagrams MUST be well-
+   formed and include the XMLDecl.
+
+2.1. IP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed (for the better) from the original IP
+   specification.  Bit-masks, where present have been converted into
+   human-readable values.  IP addresses are listed in their dotted-
+   decimal notation [RFC1123].  Length and checksum values are present
+   as decimal integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the IP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used.  The canonical form
+   SHALL have no whitespace (including newline characters) between
+   elements and only one space character between attributes.  There
+   SHALL NOT be a space following the last attribute in an element.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums, as the
+   length field will vary based on the size of the checksum.
+
+   The payload element bears special attention.  Due to the character
+   set restrictions of XML, the payload of IP datagrams (which MAY
+   contain arbitrary data) MUST be encoded for transport. This RFC
+   REQUIRES the contents of the payload to be encoded in the base-64
+   encoding of RFC 2045 [RFC2045], but removes the requirement that the
+   encoded output MUST be wrapped on 76-character lines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 3]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+2.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example IPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <ip>
+   <header length="474">
+   <version value="4"/>
+   <tos precedence="Routine" delay="Normal" throughput="Normal"
+        relibility="Normal" reserved="0"/>
+   <total.length value="461"/>
+   <id value="1"/>
+   <flags reserved="0" df="dont" mf="last"/>
+   <offset value="0"/>
+   <ttl value="255"/>
+   <protocol value="6"/>
+   <checksum value="8707"/>
+   <source address="10.0.0.22"/>
+   <destination address="10.0.0.1"/>
+   <options>
+   <end copied="0" class="0" number="0"/>
+   </options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </ip>
+
+3.   TCPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.2.
+
+3.1. TCP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original TCP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the TCP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in
+   section 2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 4]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   The TCP offset element was expanded to a maximum of 255 from 16 to
+   allow for the increased size of the header in XML.
+
+   TCPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+3.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example TCPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <tcp>
+   <tcp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <sequence number="322622954"/>
+   <acknowledgement number="689715995"/>
+   <offset number=""/>
+   <reserved value="0"/>
+   <control syn="1" ack="1"/>
+   <window size="1"/>
+   <urgent pointer="0"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   <tcp.options>
+   <tcp.end kind="0"/>
+   </tcp.options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </tcp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </tcp>
+
+4.   UDPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.3.
+
+4.1. UDP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original UDP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 5]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the UDP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.  An
+   iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in section
+   2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+   UDPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+4.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example UDPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <udp>
+   <udp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <udp.length value="143"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   </udp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </udp>
+
+5.   Network Transport
+
+   This document provides for the transmission of BLOAT datagrams over
+   two common families of physical layer transport.  Future RFCs will
+   address additional transports as routing vendors catch up to the
+   specification, and we begin to see BLOAT routed across the Internet
+   backbone.
+
+5.1. Ethernet
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in Ethernet datagrams as in [RFC894] with the
+   exception that the type field of the Ethernet frame MUST contain the
+   value 0xBEEF.  The first 5 octets of the Ethernet frame payload will
+   be 0x3c 3f 78 6d 6c ("<?xml".)
+
+5.2. IEEE 802
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in IEEE 802 Networks as in [RFC1042] except
+   that the protocol type code for IPoXML is 0xBEEF.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 6]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+6. Gatewaying over IP
+
+   In order to facilitate the gradual introduction of BLOAT into the
+   public Internet, BLOAT MAY be encapsulated in IP as in [RFC2003] to
+   gateway between networks that run BLOAT natively on their LANs.
+
+7. DTDs
+
+   The Transport DTDs (7.2. and 7.3.) build on the definitions in the
+   Network DTD (7.1.)
+
+   The DTDs are referenced by their PubidLiteral and SystemLiteral (from
+   [XML]) although it is understood that most IPoXML implementations
+   will not need to pull down the DTD, as it will normally be embedded
+   in the implementation, and presents something of a catch-22 if you
+   need to load part of your network protocol over the network.
+
+7.1.  IPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+    DTD for IP over XML.
+    Refer to this DTD as:
+
+    <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+   <!--
+    DTD data types:
+
+      Digits      [0..9]+
+
+      Precedence  "NetworkControl | InternetworkControl |
+                   CRITIC | FlashOverride | Flash | Immediate |
+                   Priority | Routine"
+
+      IP4Addr     "dotted-decimal" notation of [RFC1123]
+
+      Class       [0..3]
+
+      Sec          "Unclassified | Confidential | EFTO | MMMM | PROG |
+                    Restricted | Secret | Top Secret | Reserved"
+
+      Compartments [0..65535]
+
+      Handling     [0..65535]
+
+      TCC          [0..16777216]
+
+   -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 7]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ENTITY % Digits "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Precedence "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % IP4Addr "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Class "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Sec "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Compartments "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Handling "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % TCC "CDATA">
+
+   <!ELEMENT ip (header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT header (version, tos, total.length, id, flags, offset, ttl,
+                    protocol, checksum, source, destination, options,
+                    padding)>
+   <!-- length of header in 32-bit words -->
+   <!ATTLIST header
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT version EMPTY>
+   <!-- ip version. SHOULD be "4" -->
+   <!ATTLIST version
+             value   %Digits;  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tos EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tos
+             precedence   %Precedence;    #REQUIRED
+             delay    (normal | low)  #REQUIRED
+             throughput   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             relibility   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             reserved     CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT total.length EMPTY>
+   <!--
+    total length of datagram (header and payload) in octets, MUST be
+    less than 65,535 (and SHOULD be less than 1024 for IPoXML on local
+    ethernets).
+   -->
+   <!ATTLIST total.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT id EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535  -->
+   <!ATTLIST id
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT flags EMPTY>
+   <!-- df = don't fragment, mf = more fragments  -->
+   <!ATTLIST flags
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 8]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+          reserved CDATA  #FIXED "0"
+          df (may|dont)   #REQUIRED
+          mf (last|more)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= offset <= 8192 measured in 8 octet (64-bit) chunks -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT ttl EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= ttl <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST ttl
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT protocol EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= protocol <= 255 (per IANA) -->
+   <!ATTLIST protocol
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT checksum EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= checksum <= 65535 (over header only) -->
+   <!ATTLIST checksum
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT source EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST source
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT destination EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST destination
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT options ( end | noop | security | loose | strict | record
+                     | stream | timestamp )*>
+
+   <!ELEMENT end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST end
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST noop
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT security EMPTY>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 9]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST security
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "11"
+             security %Sec; #REQUIRED
+             compartments %Compartments; #REQUIRED
+             handling %Handling; #REQUIRED
+             tcc %TCC; #REQUIRED>
+   <!ELEMENT loose (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST loose
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "3"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT hop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST hop
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT strict (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST strict
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "9"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT record (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST record
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "7"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT stream EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST stream
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "8"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             id %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT timestamp (tstamp)+>
+   <!-- 0 <= oflw <=15 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 10]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST timestamp
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             length %Digits;  #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             oflw %Digits;    #REQUIRED
+             flag (0 | 1 | 3)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tstamp EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tstamp
+             time %Digits;   #REQUIRED
+             address %IP4Addr; #IMPLIED>
+   <!--
+       padding to bring header to 32-bit boundary.
+       pad MUST be "0"*
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT padding EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST padding
+             pad CDATA #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!-- payload MUST be encoded as base-64 [RFC2045], as modified
+        by section 2.1 of this RFC -->
+   <!ELEMENT payload (CDATA)>
+
+7.2.  TCPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for TCP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!-- the pseudoheader is only included for checksum calculations -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp (tcp.pseudoheader?, tcp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.header (src, dest, sequence, acknowledgement, offset,
+                         reserved, control, window, checksum, urgent,
+                         tcp.options, padding)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT src EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST src
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT dest EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 11]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST dest
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT sequence EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST sequence
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT acknowledgement EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST acknowledgement
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT reserved EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST reserved
+             value CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT control EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST control
+             urg (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             ack (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             psh (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             rst (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             syn (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             fin (0|1) #IMPLIED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT window EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= size <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST window
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!--
+      checksum as in ip, but with
+      the following pseudo-header added into the tcp element:
+     -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               tcp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      tcp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 12]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT urgent EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= pointer <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST urgent
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.options (tcp.end | tcp.noop | tcp.mss)+>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.end
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.noop
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.mss EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.mss
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+7.3.  UDPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for UDP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp (udp.pseudoheader?, udp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.header (src, dest, udp.length, checksum)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               udp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      udp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT udp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST udp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 13]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+8. Security Considerations
+
+   XML, as a subset of SGML, has the same security considerations as
+   specified in SGML Media Types [RFC1874].  Security considerations
+   that apply to IP, TCP and UDP also likely apply to BLOAT as it does
+   not attempt to correct for issues not related to message format.
+
+9.   References
+
+   [JABBER]    Miller, J., "Jabber", draft-miller-jabber-00.txt,
+               February 2002. (Work in Progress)
+
+   [RFC768]    Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
+               August 1980.
+
+   [RFC791]    Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
+               September 1981.
+
+   [RFC793]    Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC
+               793, September 1981.
+
+   [RFC894]    Hornig, C., "Standard for the Transmission of IP
+               Datagrams over Ethernet Networks.", RFC 894, April 1984.
+
+   [RFC1042]   Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Standard for the
+               Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802 Networks", STD
+               43, RFC 1042, February 1988.
+
+   [RFC1123]   Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
+               Application and Support", RFC 1123, October 1989.
+
+   [RFC1874]   Levinson, E., "SGML Media Types", RFC 1874, December
+               1995.
+
+   [RFC2003]   Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003,
+               October 1996.
+
+   [RFC2045]   Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
+               Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
+               Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
+
+   [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+
+   [RFC2279]   Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
+               10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 14]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   [RFC2460]   Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
+               (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
+
+   [RFC3080]   Rose, M., "The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core",
+               RFC 3080, March 2001.
+
+   [SOAP]      Box, D., Ehnebuske, D., Kakivaya, G., Layman, A.,
+               Mendelsohn, N., Nielsen, H. F., Thatte, S. Winer, D.,
+               "Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1" World Wide Web
+               Consortium Note, May 2000 http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/
+
+   [XML]       Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., "Extensible
+               Markup Language (XML)" World Wide Web Consortium
+               Recommendation REC- xml-19980210.
+               http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210
+
+10.  Author's Address
+
+   Hugh Kennedy
+   Mimezine
+   1060 West Addison
+   Chicago, IL 60613
+   USA
+
+   EMail: kennedyh@engin.umich.edu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 15]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+11.  Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
+   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
+   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
+   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
+   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
+   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
+   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
+   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
+   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
+   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
+   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
+   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
+   English.
+
+   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
+   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
+
+   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
+   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
+   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
+   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
+   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Acknowledgement
+
+   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
+   Internet Society.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 16]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Network Working Group                                         H. Kennedy
+Request for Comments: 3252                                      Mimezine
+Category: Informational                                     1 April 2002
+
+
+                 Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
+   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
+   memo is unlimited.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Abstract
+
+   This document defines a reformulation of IP and two transport layer
+   protocols (TCP and UDP) as XML applications.
+
+1.   Introduction
+
+1.1. Overview
+
+   This document describes the Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+   (BLOAT): a reformulation of a widely-deployed network-layer protocol
+   (IP [RFC791]), and two associated transport layer protocols (TCP
+   [RFC793] and UDP [RFC768]) as XML [XML] applications.  It also
+   describes methods for transporting BLOAT over Ethernet and IEEE 802
+   networks as well as encapsulating BLOAT in IP for gatewaying BLOAT
+   across the public Internet.
+
+1.2. Motivation
+
+   The wild popularity of XML as a basis for application-level protocols
+   such as the Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol [RFC3080], the Simple
+   Object Access Protocol [SOAP], and Jabber [JABBER] prompted
+   investigation into the possibility of extending the use of XML in the
+   protocol stack.  Using XML at both the transport and network layer in
+   addition to the application layer would provide for an amazing amount
+   of power and flexibility while removing dependencies on proprietary
+   and hard-to-understand binary protocols.  This protocol unification
+   would also allow applications to use a single XML parser for all
+   aspects of their operation, eliminating developer time spent figuring
+   out the intricacies of each new protocol, and moving the hard work of
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 1]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   parsing to the XML toolset.  The use of XML also mitigates concerns
+   over "network vs. host" byte ordering which is at the root of many
+   network application bugs.
+
+1.3. Relation to Existing Protocols
+
+   The reformulations specified in this RFC follow as closely as
+   possible the spirit of the RFCs on which they are based, and so MAY
+   contain elements or attributes that would not be needed in a pure
+   reworking (e.g. length attributes, which are implicit in XML.)
+
+   The layering of network and transport protocols are maintained in
+   this RFC despite the optimizations that could be made if the line
+   were somewhat blurred (i.e. merging TCP and IP into a single, larger
+   element in the DTD) in order to foster future use of this protocol as
+   a basis for reformulating other protocols (such as ICMP.)
+
+   Other than the encoding, the behavioral aspects of each of the
+   existing protocols remain unchanged.  Routing, address spaces, TCP
+   congestion control, etc. behave as specified in the extant standards.
+   Adapting to new standards and experimental algorithm heuristics for
+   improving performance will become much easier once the move to BLOAT
+   has been completed.
+
+1.4. Requirement Levels
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
+   [RFC2119].
+
+2.   IPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.
+   IPoXML is the root protocol REQUIRED for effective use of TCPoXML
+   (section 3.) and higher-level application protocols.
+
+   The DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.1.
+
+   The routing of IPoXML can be easily implemented on hosts with an XML
+   parser, as the regular structure lends itself handily to parsing and
+   validation of the document/datagram and then processing the
+   destination address, TTL, and checksum before sending it on to its
+   next-hop.
+
+   The reformulation of IPv4 was chosen over IPv6 [RFC2460] due to the
+   wider deployment of IPv4 and the fact that implementing IPv6 as XML
+   would have exceeded the 1500 byte Ethernet MTU.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 2]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   All BLOAT implementations MUST use - and specify - the UTF-8 encoding
+   of RFC 2279 [RFC2279].  All BLOAT document/datagrams MUST be well-
+   formed and include the XMLDecl.
+
+2.1. IP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed (for the better) from the original IP
+   specification.  Bit-masks, where present have been converted into
+   human-readable values.  IP addresses are listed in their dotted-
+   decimal notation [RFC1123].  Length and checksum values are present
+   as decimal integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the IP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used.  The canonical form
+   SHALL have no whitespace (including newline characters) between
+   elements and only one space character between attributes.  There
+   SHALL NOT be a space following the last attribute in an element.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums, as the
+   length field will vary based on the size of the checksum.
+
+   The payload element bears special attention.  Due to the character
+   set restrictions of XML, the payload of IP datagrams (which MAY
+   contain arbitrary data) MUST be encoded for transport. This RFC
+   REQUIRES the contents of the payload to be encoded in the base-64
+   encoding of RFC 2045 [RFC2045], but removes the requirement that the
+   encoded output MUST be wrapped on 76-character lines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 3]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+2.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example IPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <ip>
+   <header length="474">
+   <version value="4"/>
+   <tos precedence="Routine" delay="Normal" throughput="Normal"
+        relibility="Normal" reserved="0"/>
+   <total.length value="461"/>
+   <id value="1"/>
+   <flags reserved="0" df="dont" mf="last"/>
+   <offset value="0"/>
+   <ttl value="255"/>
+   <protocol value="6"/>
+   <checksum value="8707"/>
+   <source address="10.0.0.22"/>
+   <destination address="10.0.0.1"/>
+   <options>
+   <end copied="0" class="0" number="0"/>
+   </options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </ip>
+
+3.   TCPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.2.
+
+3.1. TCP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original TCP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the TCP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in
+   section 2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 4]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   The TCP offset element was expanded to a maximum of 255 from 16 to
+   allow for the increased size of the header in XML.
+
+   TCPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+3.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example TCPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <tcp>
+   <tcp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <sequence number="322622954"/>
+   <acknowledgement number="689715995"/>
+   <offset number=""/>
+   <reserved value="0"/>
+   <control syn="1" ack="1"/>
+   <window size="1"/>
+   <urgent pointer="0"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   <tcp.options>
+   <tcp.end kind="0"/>
+   </tcp.options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </tcp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </tcp>
+
+4.   UDPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.3.
+
+4.1. UDP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original UDP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 5]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the UDP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.  An
+   iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in section
+   2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+   UDPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+4.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example UDPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <udp>
+   <udp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <udp.length value="143"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   </udp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </udp>
+
+5.   Network Transport
+
+   This document provides for the transmission of BLOAT datagrams over
+   two common families of physical layer transport.  Future RFCs will
+   address additional transports as routing vendors catch up to the
+   specification, and we begin to see BLOAT routed across the Internet
+   backbone.
+
+5.1. Ethernet
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in Ethernet datagrams as in [RFC894] with the
+   exception that the type field of the Ethernet frame MUST contain the
+   value 0xBEEF.  The first 5 octets of the Ethernet frame payload will
+   be 0x3c 3f 78 6d 6c ("<?xml".)
+
+5.2. IEEE 802
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in IEEE 802 Networks as in [RFC1042] except
+   that the protocol type code for IPoXML is 0xBEEF.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 6]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+6. Gatewaying over IP
+
+   In order to facilitate the gradual introduction of BLOAT into the
+   public Internet, BLOAT MAY be encapsulated in IP as in [RFC2003] to
+   gateway between networks that run BLOAT natively on their LANs.
+
+7. DTDs
+
+   The Transport DTDs (7.2. and 7.3.) build on the definitions in the
+   Network DTD (7.1.)
+
+   The DTDs are referenced by their PubidLiteral and SystemLiteral (from
+   [XML]) although it is understood that most IPoXML implementations
+   will not need to pull down the DTD, as it will normally be embedded
+   in the implementation, and presents something of a catch-22 if you
+   need to load part of your network protocol over the network.
+
+7.1.  IPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+    DTD for IP over XML.
+    Refer to this DTD as:
+
+    <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+   <!--
+    DTD data types:
+
+      Digits      [0..9]+
+
+      Precedence  "NetworkControl | InternetworkControl |
+                   CRITIC | FlashOverride | Flash | Immediate |
+                   Priority | Routine"
+
+      IP4Addr     "dotted-decimal" notation of [RFC1123]
+
+      Class       [0..3]
+
+      Sec          "Unclassified | Confidential | EFTO | MMMM | PROG |
+                    Restricted | Secret | Top Secret | Reserved"
+
+      Compartments [0..65535]
+
+      Handling     [0..65535]
+
+      TCC          [0..16777216]
+
+   -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 7]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ENTITY % Digits "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Precedence "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % IP4Addr "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Class "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Sec "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Compartments "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Handling "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % TCC "CDATA">
+
+   <!ELEMENT ip (header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT header (version, tos, total.length, id, flags, offset, ttl,
+                    protocol, checksum, source, destination, options,
+                    padding)>
+   <!-- length of header in 32-bit words -->
+   <!ATTLIST header
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT version EMPTY>
+   <!-- ip version. SHOULD be "4" -->
+   <!ATTLIST version
+             value   %Digits;  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tos EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tos
+             precedence   %Precedence;    #REQUIRED
+             delay    (normal | low)  #REQUIRED
+             throughput   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             relibility   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             reserved     CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT total.length EMPTY>
+   <!--
+    total length of datagram (header and payload) in octets, MUST be
+    less than 65,535 (and SHOULD be less than 1024 for IPoXML on local
+    ethernets).
+   -->
+   <!ATTLIST total.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT id EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535  -->
+   <!ATTLIST id
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT flags EMPTY>
+   <!-- df = don't fragment, mf = more fragments  -->
+   <!ATTLIST flags
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 8]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+          reserved CDATA  #FIXED "0"
+          df (may|dont)   #REQUIRED
+          mf (last|more)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= offset <= 8192 measured in 8 octet (64-bit) chunks -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT ttl EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= ttl <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST ttl
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT protocol EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= protocol <= 255 (per IANA) -->
+   <!ATTLIST protocol
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT checksum EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= checksum <= 65535 (over header only) -->
+   <!ATTLIST checksum
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT source EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST source
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT destination EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST destination
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT options ( end | noop | security | loose | strict | record
+                     | stream | timestamp )*>
+
+   <!ELEMENT end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST end
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST noop
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT security EMPTY>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 9]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST security
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "11"
+             security %Sec; #REQUIRED
+             compartments %Compartments; #REQUIRED
+             handling %Handling; #REQUIRED
+             tcc %TCC; #REQUIRED>
+   <!ELEMENT loose (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST loose
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "3"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT hop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST hop
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT strict (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST strict
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "9"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT record (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST record
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "7"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT stream EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST stream
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "8"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             id %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT timestamp (tstamp)+>
+   <!-- 0 <= oflw <=15 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 10]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST timestamp
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             length %Digits;  #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             oflw %Digits;    #REQUIRED
+             flag (0 | 1 | 3)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tstamp EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tstamp
+             time %Digits;   #REQUIRED
+             address %IP4Addr; #IMPLIED>
+   <!--
+       padding to bring header to 32-bit boundary.
+       pad MUST be "0"*
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT padding EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST padding
+             pad CDATA #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!-- payload MUST be encoded as base-64 [RFC2045], as modified
+        by section 2.1 of this RFC -->
+   <!ELEMENT payload (CDATA)>
+
+7.2.  TCPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for TCP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!-- the pseudoheader is only included for checksum calculations -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp (tcp.pseudoheader?, tcp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.header (src, dest, sequence, acknowledgement, offset,
+                         reserved, control, window, checksum, urgent,
+                         tcp.options, padding)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT src EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST src
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT dest EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 11]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST dest
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT sequence EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST sequence
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT acknowledgement EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST acknowledgement
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT reserved EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST reserved
+             value CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT control EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST control
+             urg (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             ack (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             psh (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             rst (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             syn (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             fin (0|1) #IMPLIED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT window EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= size <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST window
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!--
+      checksum as in ip, but with
+      the following pseudo-header added into the tcp element:
+     -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               tcp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      tcp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 12]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT urgent EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= pointer <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST urgent
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.options (tcp.end | tcp.noop | tcp.mss)+>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.end
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.noop
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.mss EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.mss
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+7.3.  UDPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for UDP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp (udp.pseudoheader?, udp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.header (src, dest, udp.length, checksum)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               udp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      udp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT udp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST udp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 13]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+8. Security Considerations
+
+   XML, as a subset of SGML, has the same security considerations as
+   specified in SGML Media Types [RFC1874].  Security considerations
+   that apply to IP, TCP and UDP also likely apply to BLOAT as it does
+   not attempt to correct for issues not related to message format.
+
+9.   References
+
+   [JABBER]    Miller, J., "Jabber", draft-miller-jabber-00.txt,
+               February 2002. (Work in Progress)
+
+   [RFC768]    Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
+               August 1980.
+
+   [RFC791]    Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
+               September 1981.
+
+   [RFC793]    Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC
+               793, September 1981.
+
+   [RFC894]    Hornig, C., "Standard for the Transmission of IP
+               Datagrams over Ethernet Networks.", RFC 894, April 1984.
+
+   [RFC1042]   Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Standard for the
+               Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802 Networks", STD
+               43, RFC 1042, February 1988.
+
+   [RFC1123]   Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
+               Application and Support", RFC 1123, October 1989.
+
+   [RFC1874]   Levinson, E., "SGML Media Types", RFC 1874, December
+               1995.
+
+   [RFC2003]   Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003,
+               October 1996.
+
+   [RFC2045]   Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
+               Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
+               Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
+
+   [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+
+   [RFC2279]   Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
+               10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 14]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   [RFC2460]   Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
+               (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
+
+   [RFC3080]   Rose, M., "The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core",
+               RFC 3080, March 2001.
+
+   [SOAP]      Box, D., Ehnebuske, D., Kakivaya, G., Layman, A.,
+               Mendelsohn, N., Nielsen, H. F., Thatte, S. Winer, D.,
+               "Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1" World Wide Web
+               Consortium Note, May 2000 http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/
+
+   [XML]       Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., "Extensible
+               Markup Language (XML)" World Wide Web Consortium
+               Recommendation REC- xml-19980210.
+               http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210
+
+10.  Author's Address
+
+   Hugh Kennedy
+   Mimezine
+   1060 West Addison
+   Chicago, IL 60613
+   USA
+
+   EMail: kennedyh@engin.umich.edu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 15]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+11.  Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
+   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
+   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
+   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
+   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
+   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
+   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
+   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
+   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
+   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
+   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
+   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
+   English.
+
+   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
+   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
+
+   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
+   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
+   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
+   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
+   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Acknowledgement
+
+   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
+   Internet Society.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 16]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Network Working Group                                         H. Kennedy
+Request for Comments: 3252                                      Mimezine
+Category: Informational                                     1 April 2002
+
+
+                 Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
+   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
+   memo is unlimited.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Abstract
+
+   This document defines a reformulation of IP and two transport layer
+   protocols (TCP and UDP) as XML applications.
+
+1.   Introduction
+
+1.1. Overview
+
+   This document describes the Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+   (BLOAT): a reformulation of a widely-deployed network-layer protocol
+   (IP [RFC791]), and two associated transport layer protocols (TCP
+   [RFC793] and UDP [RFC768]) as XML [XML] applications.  It also
+   describes methods for transporting BLOAT over Ethernet and IEEE 802
+   networks as well as encapsulating BLOAT in IP for gatewaying BLOAT
+   across the public Internet.
+
+1.2. Motivation
+
+   The wild popularity of XML as a basis for application-level protocols
+   such as the Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol [RFC3080], the Simple
+   Object Access Protocol [SOAP], and Jabber [JABBER] prompted
+   investigation into the possibility of extending the use of XML in the
+   protocol stack.  Using XML at both the transport and network layer in
+   addition to the application layer would provide for an amazing amount
+   of power and flexibility while removing dependencies on proprietary
+   and hard-to-understand binary protocols.  This protocol unification
+   would also allow applications to use a single XML parser for all
+   aspects of their operation, eliminating developer time spent figuring
+   out the intricacies of each new protocol, and moving the hard work of
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 1]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   parsing to the XML toolset.  The use of XML also mitigates concerns
+   over "network vs. host" byte ordering which is at the root of many
+   network application bugs.
+
+1.3. Relation to Existing Protocols
+
+   The reformulations specified in this RFC follow as closely as
+   possible the spirit of the RFCs on which they are based, and so MAY
+   contain elements or attributes that would not be needed in a pure
+   reworking (e.g. length attributes, which are implicit in XML.)
+
+   The layering of network and transport protocols are maintained in
+   this RFC despite the optimizations that could be made if the line
+   were somewhat blurred (i.e. merging TCP and IP into a single, larger
+   element in the DTD) in order to foster future use of this protocol as
+   a basis for reformulating other protocols (such as ICMP.)
+
+   Other than the encoding, the behavioral aspects of each of the
+   existing protocols remain unchanged.  Routing, address spaces, TCP
+   congestion control, etc. behave as specified in the extant standards.
+   Adapting to new standards and experimental algorithm heuristics for
+   improving performance will become much easier once the move to BLOAT
+   has been completed.
+
+1.4. Requirement Levels
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
+   [RFC2119].
+
+2.   IPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.
+   IPoXML is the root protocol REQUIRED for effective use of TCPoXML
+   (section 3.) and higher-level application protocols.
+
+   The DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.1.
+
+   The routing of IPoXML can be easily implemented on hosts with an XML
+   parser, as the regular structure lends itself handily to parsing and
+   validation of the document/datagram and then processing the
+   destination address, TTL, and checksum before sending it on to its
+   next-hop.
+
+   The reformulation of IPv4 was chosen over IPv6 [RFC2460] due to the
+   wider deployment of IPv4 and the fact that implementing IPv6 as XML
+   would have exceeded the 1500 byte Ethernet MTU.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 2]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   All BLOAT implementations MUST use - and specify - the UTF-8 encoding
+   of RFC 2279 [RFC2279].  All BLOAT document/datagrams MUST be well-
+   formed and include the XMLDecl.
+
+2.1. IP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed (for the better) from the original IP
+   specification.  Bit-masks, where present have been converted into
+   human-readable values.  IP addresses are listed in their dotted-
+   decimal notation [RFC1123].  Length and checksum values are present
+   as decimal integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the IP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used.  The canonical form
+   SHALL have no whitespace (including newline characters) between
+   elements and only one space character between attributes.  There
+   SHALL NOT be a space following the last attribute in an element.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums, as the
+   length field will vary based on the size of the checksum.
+
+   The payload element bears special attention.  Due to the character
+   set restrictions of XML, the payload of IP datagrams (which MAY
+   contain arbitrary data) MUST be encoded for transport. This RFC
+   REQUIRES the contents of the payload to be encoded in the base-64
+   encoding of RFC 2045 [RFC2045], but removes the requirement that the
+   encoded output MUST be wrapped on 76-character lines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 3]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+2.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example IPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <ip>
+   <header length="474">
+   <version value="4"/>
+   <tos precedence="Routine" delay="Normal" throughput="Normal"
+        relibility="Normal" reserved="0"/>
+   <total.length value="461"/>
+   <id value="1"/>
+   <flags reserved="0" df="dont" mf="last"/>
+   <offset value="0"/>
+   <ttl value="255"/>
+   <protocol value="6"/>
+   <checksum value="8707"/>
+   <source address="10.0.0.22"/>
+   <destination address="10.0.0.1"/>
+   <options>
+   <end copied="0" class="0" number="0"/>
+   </options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </ip>
+
+3.   TCPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.2.
+
+3.1. TCP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original TCP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the TCP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in
+   section 2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 4]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   The TCP offset element was expanded to a maximum of 255 from 16 to
+   allow for the increased size of the header in XML.
+
+   TCPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+3.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example TCPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <tcp>
+   <tcp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <sequence number="322622954"/>
+   <acknowledgement number="689715995"/>
+   <offset number=""/>
+   <reserved value="0"/>
+   <control syn="1" ack="1"/>
+   <window size="1"/>
+   <urgent pointer="0"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   <tcp.options>
+   <tcp.end kind="0"/>
+   </tcp.options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </tcp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </tcp>
+
+4.   UDPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.3.
+
+4.1. UDP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original UDP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 5]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the UDP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.  An
+   iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in section
+   2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+   UDPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+4.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example UDPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <udp>
+   <udp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <udp.length value="143"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   </udp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </udp>
+
+5.   Network Transport
+
+   This document provides for the transmission of BLOAT datagrams over
+   two common families of physical layer transport.  Future RFCs will
+   address additional transports as routing vendors catch up to the
+   specification, and we begin to see BLOAT routed across the Internet
+   backbone.
+
+5.1. Ethernet
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in Ethernet datagrams as in [RFC894] with the
+   exception that the type field of the Ethernet frame MUST contain the
+   value 0xBEEF.  The first 5 octets of the Ethernet frame payload will
+   be 0x3c 3f 78 6d 6c ("<?xml".)
+
+5.2. IEEE 802
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in IEEE 802 Networks as in [RFC1042] except
+   that the protocol type code for IPoXML is 0xBEEF.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 6]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+6. Gatewaying over IP
+
+   In order to facilitate the gradual introduction of BLOAT into the
+   public Internet, BLOAT MAY be encapsulated in IP as in [RFC2003] to
+   gateway between networks that run BLOAT natively on their LANs.
+
+7. DTDs
+
+   The Transport DTDs (7.2. and 7.3.) build on the definitions in the
+   Network DTD (7.1.)
+
+   The DTDs are referenced by their PubidLiteral and SystemLiteral (from
+   [XML]) although it is understood that most IPoXML implementations
+   will not need to pull down the DTD, as it will normally be embedded
+   in the implementation, and presents something of a catch-22 if you
+   need to load part of your network protocol over the network.
+
+7.1.  IPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+    DTD for IP over XML.
+    Refer to this DTD as:
+
+    <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+   <!--
+    DTD data types:
+
+      Digits      [0..9]+
+
+      Precedence  "NetworkControl | InternetworkControl |
+                   CRITIC | FlashOverride | Flash | Immediate |
+                   Priority | Routine"
+
+      IP4Addr     "dotted-decimal" notation of [RFC1123]
+
+      Class       [0..3]
+
+      Sec          "Unclassified | Confidential | EFTO | MMMM | PROG |
+                    Restricted | Secret | Top Secret | Reserved"
+
+      Compartments [0..65535]
+
+      Handling     [0..65535]
+
+      TCC          [0..16777216]
+
+   -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 7]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ENTITY % Digits "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Precedence "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % IP4Addr "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Class "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Sec "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Compartments "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Handling "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % TCC "CDATA">
+
+   <!ELEMENT ip (header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT header (version, tos, total.length, id, flags, offset, ttl,
+                    protocol, checksum, source, destination, options,
+                    padding)>
+   <!-- length of header in 32-bit words -->
+   <!ATTLIST header
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT version EMPTY>
+   <!-- ip version. SHOULD be "4" -->
+   <!ATTLIST version
+             value   %Digits;  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tos EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tos
+             precedence   %Precedence;    #REQUIRED
+             delay    (normal | low)  #REQUIRED
+             throughput   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             relibility   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             reserved     CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT total.length EMPTY>
+   <!--
+    total length of datagram (header and payload) in octets, MUST be
+    less than 65,535 (and SHOULD be less than 1024 for IPoXML on local
+    ethernets).
+   -->
+   <!ATTLIST total.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT id EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535  -->
+   <!ATTLIST id
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT flags EMPTY>
+   <!-- df = don't fragment, mf = more fragments  -->
+   <!ATTLIST flags
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 8]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+          reserved CDATA  #FIXED "0"
+          df (may|dont)   #REQUIRED
+          mf (last|more)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= offset <= 8192 measured in 8 octet (64-bit) chunks -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT ttl EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= ttl <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST ttl
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT protocol EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= protocol <= 255 (per IANA) -->
+   <!ATTLIST protocol
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT checksum EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= checksum <= 65535 (over header only) -->
+   <!ATTLIST checksum
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT source EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST source
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT destination EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST destination
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT options ( end | noop | security | loose | strict | record
+                     | stream | timestamp )*>
+
+   <!ELEMENT end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST end
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST noop
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT security EMPTY>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 9]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST security
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "11"
+             security %Sec; #REQUIRED
+             compartments %Compartments; #REQUIRED
+             handling %Handling; #REQUIRED
+             tcc %TCC; #REQUIRED>
+   <!ELEMENT loose (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST loose
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "3"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT hop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST hop
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT strict (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST strict
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "9"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT record (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST record
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "7"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT stream EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST stream
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "8"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             id %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT timestamp (tstamp)+>
+   <!-- 0 <= oflw <=15 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 10]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST timestamp
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             length %Digits;  #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             oflw %Digits;    #REQUIRED
+             flag (0 | 1 | 3)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tstamp EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tstamp
+             time %Digits;   #REQUIRED
+             address %IP4Addr; #IMPLIED>
+   <!--
+       padding to bring header to 32-bit boundary.
+       pad MUST be "0"*
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT padding EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST padding
+             pad CDATA #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!-- payload MUST be encoded as base-64 [RFC2045], as modified
+        by section 2.1 of this RFC -->
+   <!ELEMENT payload (CDATA)>
+
+7.2.  TCPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for TCP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!-- the pseudoheader is only included for checksum calculations -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp (tcp.pseudoheader?, tcp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.header (src, dest, sequence, acknowledgement, offset,
+                         reserved, control, window, checksum, urgent,
+                         tcp.options, padding)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT src EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST src
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT dest EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 11]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST dest
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT sequence EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST sequence
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT acknowledgement EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST acknowledgement
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT reserved EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST reserved
+             value CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT control EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST control
+             urg (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             ack (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             psh (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             rst (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             syn (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             fin (0|1) #IMPLIED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT window EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= size <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST window
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!--
+      checksum as in ip, but with
+      the following pseudo-header added into the tcp element:
+     -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               tcp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      tcp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 12]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT urgent EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= pointer <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST urgent
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.options (tcp.end | tcp.noop | tcp.mss)+>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.end
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.noop
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.mss EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.mss
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+7.3.  UDPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for UDP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp (udp.pseudoheader?, udp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.header (src, dest, udp.length, checksum)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               udp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      udp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT udp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST udp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 13]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+8. Security Considerations
+
+   XML, as a subset of SGML, has the same security considerations as
+   specified in SGML Media Types [RFC1874].  Security considerations
+   that apply to IP, TCP and UDP also likely apply to BLOAT as it does
+   not attempt to correct for issues not related to message format.
+
+9.   References
+
+   [JABBER]    Miller, J., "Jabber", draft-miller-jabber-00.txt,
+               February 2002. (Work in Progress)
+
+   [RFC768]    Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
+               August 1980.
+
+   [RFC791]    Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
+               September 1981.
+
+   [RFC793]    Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC
+               793, September 1981.
+
+   [RFC894]    Hornig, C., "Standard for the Transmission of IP
+               Datagrams over Ethernet Networks.", RFC 894, April 1984.
+
+   [RFC1042]   Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Standard for the
+               Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802 Networks", STD
+               43, RFC 1042, February 1988.
+
+   [RFC1123]   Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
+               Application and Support", RFC 1123, October 1989.
+
+   [RFC1874]   Levinson, E., "SGML Media Types", RFC 1874, December
+               1995.
+
+   [RFC2003]   Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003,
+               October 1996.
+
+   [RFC2045]   Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
+               Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
+               Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
+
+   [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+
+   [RFC2279]   Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
+               10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 14]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   [RFC2460]   Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
+               (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
+
+   [RFC3080]   Rose, M., "The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core",
+               RFC 3080, March 2001.
+
+   [SOAP]      Box, D., Ehnebuske, D., Kakivaya, G., Layman, A.,
+               Mendelsohn, N., Nielsen, H. F., Thatte, S. Winer, D.,
+               "Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1" World Wide Web
+               Consortium Note, May 2000 http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/
+
+   [XML]       Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., "Extensible
+               Markup Language (XML)" World Wide Web Consortium
+               Recommendation REC- xml-19980210.
+               http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210
+
+10.  Author's Address
+
+   Hugh Kennedy
+   Mimezine
+   1060 West Addison
+   Chicago, IL 60613
+   USA
+
+   EMail: kennedyh@engin.umich.edu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 15]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+11.  Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
+   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
+   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
+   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
+   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
+   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
+   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
+   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
+   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
+   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
+   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
+   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
+   English.
+
+   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
+   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
+
+   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
+   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
+   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
+   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
+   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Acknowledgement
+
+   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
+   Internet Society.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 16]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Network Working Group                                         H. Kennedy
+Request for Comments: 3252                                      Mimezine
+Category: Informational                                     1 April 2002
+
+
+                 Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
+   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
+   memo is unlimited.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Abstract
+
+   This document defines a reformulation of IP and two transport layer
+   protocols (TCP and UDP) as XML applications.
+
+1.   Introduction
+
+1.1. Overview
+
+   This document describes the Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+   (BLOAT): a reformulation of a widely-deployed network-layer protocol
+   (IP [RFC791]), and two associated transport layer protocols (TCP
+   [RFC793] and UDP [RFC768]) as XML [XML] applications.  It also
+   describes methods for transporting BLOAT over Ethernet and IEEE 802
+   networks as well as encapsulating BLOAT in IP for gatewaying BLOAT
+   across the public Internet.
+
+1.2. Motivation
+
+   The wild popularity of XML as a basis for application-level protocols
+   such as the Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol [RFC3080], the Simple
+   Object Access Protocol [SOAP], and Jabber [JABBER] prompted
+   investigation into the possibility of extending the use of XML in the
+   protocol stack.  Using XML at both the transport and network layer in
+   addition to the application layer would provide for an amazing amount
+   of power and flexibility while removing dependencies on proprietary
+   and hard-to-understand binary protocols.  This protocol unification
+   would also allow applications to use a single XML parser for all
+   aspects of their operation, eliminating developer time spent figuring
+   out the intricacies of each new protocol, and moving the hard work of
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 1]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   parsing to the XML toolset.  The use of XML also mitigates concerns
+   over "network vs. host" byte ordering which is at the root of many
+   network application bugs.
+
+1.3. Relation to Existing Protocols
+
+   The reformulations specified in this RFC follow as closely as
+   possible the spirit of the RFCs on which they are based, and so MAY
+   contain elements or attributes that would not be needed in a pure
+   reworking (e.g. length attributes, which are implicit in XML.)
+
+   The layering of network and transport protocols are maintained in
+   this RFC despite the optimizations that could be made if the line
+   were somewhat blurred (i.e. merging TCP and IP into a single, larger
+   element in the DTD) in order to foster future use of this protocol as
+   a basis for reformulating other protocols (such as ICMP.)
+
+   Other than the encoding, the behavioral aspects of each of the
+   existing protocols remain unchanged.  Routing, address spaces, TCP
+   congestion control, etc. behave as specified in the extant standards.
+   Adapting to new standards and experimental algorithm heuristics for
+   improving performance will become much easier once the move to BLOAT
+   has been completed.
+
+1.4. Requirement Levels
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
+   [RFC2119].
+
+2.   IPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.
+   IPoXML is the root protocol REQUIRED for effective use of TCPoXML
+   (section 3.) and higher-level application protocols.
+
+   The DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.1.
+
+   The routing of IPoXML can be easily implemented on hosts with an XML
+   parser, as the regular structure lends itself handily to parsing and
+   validation of the document/datagram and then processing the
+   destination address, TTL, and checksum before sending it on to its
+   next-hop.
+
+   The reformulation of IPv4 was chosen over IPv6 [RFC2460] due to the
+   wider deployment of IPv4 and the fact that implementing IPv6 as XML
+   would have exceeded the 1500 byte Ethernet MTU.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 2]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   All BLOAT implementations MUST use - and specify - the UTF-8 encoding
+   of RFC 2279 [RFC2279].  All BLOAT document/datagrams MUST be well-
+   formed and include the XMLDecl.
+
+2.1. IP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed (for the better) from the original IP
+   specification.  Bit-masks, where present have been converted into
+   human-readable values.  IP addresses are listed in their dotted-
+   decimal notation [RFC1123].  Length and checksum values are present
+   as decimal integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the IP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used.  The canonical form
+   SHALL have no whitespace (including newline characters) between
+   elements and only one space character between attributes.  There
+   SHALL NOT be a space following the last attribute in an element.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums, as the
+   length field will vary based on the size of the checksum.
+
+   The payload element bears special attention.  Due to the character
+   set restrictions of XML, the payload of IP datagrams (which MAY
+   contain arbitrary data) MUST be encoded for transport. This RFC
+   REQUIRES the contents of the payload to be encoded in the base-64
+   encoding of RFC 2045 [RFC2045], but removes the requirement that the
+   encoded output MUST be wrapped on 76-character lines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 3]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+2.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example IPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <ip>
+   <header length="474">
+   <version value="4"/>
+   <tos precedence="Routine" delay="Normal" throughput="Normal"
+        relibility="Normal" reserved="0"/>
+   <total.length value="461"/>
+   <id value="1"/>
+   <flags reserved="0" df="dont" mf="last"/>
+   <offset value="0"/>
+   <ttl value="255"/>
+   <protocol value="6"/>
+   <checksum value="8707"/>
+   <source address="10.0.0.22"/>
+   <destination address="10.0.0.1"/>
+   <options>
+   <end copied="0" class="0" number="0"/>
+   </options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </ip>
+
+3.   TCPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.2.
+
+3.1. TCP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original TCP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the TCP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in
+   section 2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 4]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   The TCP offset element was expanded to a maximum of 255 from 16 to
+   allow for the increased size of the header in XML.
+
+   TCPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+3.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example TCPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <tcp>
+   <tcp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <sequence number="322622954"/>
+   <acknowledgement number="689715995"/>
+   <offset number=""/>
+   <reserved value="0"/>
+   <control syn="1" ack="1"/>
+   <window size="1"/>
+   <urgent pointer="0"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   <tcp.options>
+   <tcp.end kind="0"/>
+   </tcp.options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </tcp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </tcp>
+
+4.   UDPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.3.
+
+4.1. UDP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original UDP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 5]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the UDP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.  An
+   iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in section
+   2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+   UDPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+4.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example UDPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <udp>
+   <udp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <udp.length value="143"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   </udp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </udp>
+
+5.   Network Transport
+
+   This document provides for the transmission of BLOAT datagrams over
+   two common families of physical layer transport.  Future RFCs will
+   address additional transports as routing vendors catch up to the
+   specification, and we begin to see BLOAT routed across the Internet
+   backbone.
+
+5.1. Ethernet
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in Ethernet datagrams as in [RFC894] with the
+   exception that the type field of the Ethernet frame MUST contain the
+   value 0xBEEF.  The first 5 octets of the Ethernet frame payload will
+   be 0x3c 3f 78 6d 6c ("<?xml".)
+
+5.2. IEEE 802
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in IEEE 802 Networks as in [RFC1042] except
+   that the protocol type code for IPoXML is 0xBEEF.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 6]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+6. Gatewaying over IP
+
+   In order to facilitate the gradual introduction of BLOAT into the
+   public Internet, BLOAT MAY be encapsulated in IP as in [RFC2003] to
+   gateway between networks that run BLOAT natively on their LANs.
+
+7. DTDs
+
+   The Transport DTDs (7.2. and 7.3.) build on the definitions in the
+   Network DTD (7.1.)
+
+   The DTDs are referenced by their PubidLiteral and SystemLiteral (from
+   [XML]) although it is understood that most IPoXML implementations
+   will not need to pull down the DTD, as it will normally be embedded
+   in the implementation, and presents something of a catch-22 if you
+   need to load part of your network protocol over the network.
+
+7.1.  IPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+    DTD for IP over XML.
+    Refer to this DTD as:
+
+    <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+   <!--
+    DTD data types:
+
+      Digits      [0..9]+
+
+      Precedence  "NetworkControl | InternetworkControl |
+                   CRITIC | FlashOverride | Flash | Immediate |
+                   Priority | Routine"
+
+      IP4Addr     "dotted-decimal" notation of [RFC1123]
+
+      Class       [0..3]
+
+      Sec          "Unclassified | Confidential | EFTO | MMMM | PROG |
+                    Restricted | Secret | Top Secret | Reserved"
+
+      Compartments [0..65535]
+
+      Handling     [0..65535]
+
+      TCC          [0..16777216]
+
+   -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 7]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ENTITY % Digits "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Precedence "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % IP4Addr "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Class "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Sec "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Compartments "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Handling "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % TCC "CDATA">
+
+   <!ELEMENT ip (header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT header (version, tos, total.length, id, flags, offset, ttl,
+                    protocol, checksum, source, destination, options,
+                    padding)>
+   <!-- length of header in 32-bit words -->
+   <!ATTLIST header
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT version EMPTY>
+   <!-- ip version. SHOULD be "4" -->
+   <!ATTLIST version
+             value   %Digits;  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tos EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tos
+             precedence   %Precedence;    #REQUIRED
+             delay    (normal | low)  #REQUIRED
+             throughput   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             relibility   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             reserved     CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT total.length EMPTY>
+   <!--
+    total length of datagram (header and payload) in octets, MUST be
+    less than 65,535 (and SHOULD be less than 1024 for IPoXML on local
+    ethernets).
+   -->
+   <!ATTLIST total.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT id EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535  -->
+   <!ATTLIST id
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT flags EMPTY>
+   <!-- df = don't fragment, mf = more fragments  -->
+   <!ATTLIST flags
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 8]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+          reserved CDATA  #FIXED "0"
+          df (may|dont)   #REQUIRED
+          mf (last|more)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= offset <= 8192 measured in 8 octet (64-bit) chunks -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT ttl EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= ttl <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST ttl
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT protocol EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= protocol <= 255 (per IANA) -->
+   <!ATTLIST protocol
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT checksum EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= checksum <= 65535 (over header only) -->
+   <!ATTLIST checksum
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT source EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST source
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT destination EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST destination
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT options ( end | noop | security | loose | strict | record
+                     | stream | timestamp )*>
+
+   <!ELEMENT end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST end
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST noop
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT security EMPTY>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 9]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST security
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "11"
+             security %Sec; #REQUIRED
+             compartments %Compartments; #REQUIRED
+             handling %Handling; #REQUIRED
+             tcc %TCC; #REQUIRED>
+   <!ELEMENT loose (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST loose
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "3"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT hop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST hop
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT strict (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST strict
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "9"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT record (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST record
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "7"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT stream EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST stream
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "8"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             id %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT timestamp (tstamp)+>
+   <!-- 0 <= oflw <=15 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 10]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST timestamp
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             length %Digits;  #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             oflw %Digits;    #REQUIRED
+             flag (0 | 1 | 3)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tstamp EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tstamp
+             time %Digits;   #REQUIRED
+             address %IP4Addr; #IMPLIED>
+   <!--
+       padding to bring header to 32-bit boundary.
+       pad MUST be "0"*
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT padding EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST padding
+             pad CDATA #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!-- payload MUST be encoded as base-64 [RFC2045], as modified
+        by section 2.1 of this RFC -->
+   <!ELEMENT payload (CDATA)>
+
+7.2.  TCPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for TCP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!-- the pseudoheader is only included for checksum calculations -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp (tcp.pseudoheader?, tcp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.header (src, dest, sequence, acknowledgement, offset,
+                         reserved, control, window, checksum, urgent,
+                         tcp.options, padding)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT src EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST src
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT dest EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 11]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST dest
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT sequence EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST sequence
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT acknowledgement EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST acknowledgement
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT reserved EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST reserved
+             value CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT control EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST control
+             urg (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             ack (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             psh (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             rst (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             syn (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             fin (0|1) #IMPLIED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT window EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= size <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST window
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!--
+      checksum as in ip, but with
+      the following pseudo-header added into the tcp element:
+     -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               tcp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      tcp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 12]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT urgent EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= pointer <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST urgent
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.options (tcp.end | tcp.noop | tcp.mss)+>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.end
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.noop
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.mss EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.mss
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+7.3.  UDPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for UDP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp (udp.pseudoheader?, udp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.header (src, dest, udp.length, checksum)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               udp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      udp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT udp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST udp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 13]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+8. Security Considerations
+
+   XML, as a subset of SGML, has the same security considerations as
+   specified in SGML Media Types [RFC1874].  Security considerations
+   that apply to IP, TCP and UDP also likely apply to BLOAT as it does
+   not attempt to correct for issues not related to message format.
+
+9.   References
+
+   [JABBER]    Miller, J., "Jabber", draft-miller-jabber-00.txt,
+               February 2002. (Work in Progress)
+
+   [RFC768]    Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
+               August 1980.
+
+   [RFC791]    Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
+               September 1981.
+
+   [RFC793]    Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC
+               793, September 1981.
+
+   [RFC894]    Hornig, C., "Standard for the Transmission of IP
+               Datagrams over Ethernet Networks.", RFC 894, April 1984.
+
+   [RFC1042]   Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Standard for the
+               Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802 Networks", STD
+               43, RFC 1042, February 1988.
+
+   [RFC1123]   Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
+               Application and Support", RFC 1123, October 1989.
+
+   [RFC1874]   Levinson, E., "SGML Media Types", RFC 1874, December
+               1995.
+
+   [RFC2003]   Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003,
+               October 1996.
+
+   [RFC2045]   Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
+               Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
+               Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
+
+   [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+
+   [RFC2279]   Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
+               10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 14]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   [RFC2460]   Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
+               (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
+
+   [RFC3080]   Rose, M., "The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core",
+               RFC 3080, March 2001.
+
+   [SOAP]      Box, D., Ehnebuske, D., Kakivaya, G., Layman, A.,
+               Mendelsohn, N., Nielsen, H. F., Thatte, S. Winer, D.,
+               "Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1" World Wide Web
+               Consortium Note, May 2000 http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/
+
+   [XML]       Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., "Extensible
+               Markup Language (XML)" World Wide Web Consortium
+               Recommendation REC- xml-19980210.
+               http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210
+
+10.  Author's Address
+
+   Hugh Kennedy
+   Mimezine
+   1060 West Addison
+   Chicago, IL 60613
+   USA
+
+   EMail: kennedyh@engin.umich.edu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 15]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+11.  Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
+   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
+   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
+   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
+   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
+   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
+   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
+   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
+   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
+   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
+   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
+   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
+   English.
+
+   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
+   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
+
+   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
+   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
+   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
+   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
+   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Acknowledgement
+
+   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
+   Internet Society.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 16]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Network Working Group                                         H. Kennedy
+Request for Comments: 3252                                      Mimezine
+Category: Informational                                     1 April 2002
+
+
+                 Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
+   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
+   memo is unlimited.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Abstract
+
+   This document defines a reformulation of IP and two transport layer
+   protocols (TCP and UDP) as XML applications.
+
+1.   Introduction
+
+1.1. Overview
+
+   This document describes the Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+   (BLOAT): a reformulation of a widely-deployed network-layer protocol
+   (IP [RFC791]), and two associated transport layer protocols (TCP
+   [RFC793] and UDP [RFC768]) as XML [XML] applications.  It also
+   describes methods for transporting BLOAT over Ethernet and IEEE 802
+   networks as well as encapsulating BLOAT in IP for gatewaying BLOAT
+   across the public Internet.
+
+1.2. Motivation
+
+   The wild popularity of XML as a basis for application-level protocols
+   such as the Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol [RFC3080], the Simple
+   Object Access Protocol [SOAP], and Jabber [JABBER] prompted
+   investigation into the possibility of extending the use of XML in the
+   protocol stack.  Using XML at both the transport and network layer in
+   addition to the application layer would provide for an amazing amount
+   of power and flexibility while removing dependencies on proprietary
+   and hard-to-understand binary protocols.  This protocol unification
+   would also allow applications to use a single XML parser for all
+   aspects of their operation, eliminating developer time spent figuring
+   out the intricacies of each new protocol, and moving the hard work of
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 1]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   parsing to the XML toolset.  The use of XML also mitigates concerns
+   over "network vs. host" byte ordering which is at the root of many
+   network application bugs.
+
+1.3. Relation to Existing Protocols
+
+   The reformulations specified in this RFC follow as closely as
+   possible the spirit of the RFCs on which they are based, and so MAY
+   contain elements or attributes that would not be needed in a pure
+   reworking (e.g. length attributes, which are implicit in XML.)
+
+   The layering of network and transport protocols are maintained in
+   this RFC despite the optimizations that could be made if the line
+   were somewhat blurred (i.e. merging TCP and IP into a single, larger
+   element in the DTD) in order to foster future use of this protocol as
+   a basis for reformulating other protocols (such as ICMP.)
+
+   Other than the encoding, the behavioral aspects of each of the
+   existing protocols remain unchanged.  Routing, address spaces, TCP
+   congestion control, etc. behave as specified in the extant standards.
+   Adapting to new standards and experimental algorithm heuristics for
+   improving performance will become much easier once the move to BLOAT
+   has been completed.
+
+1.4. Requirement Levels
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
+   [RFC2119].
+
+2.   IPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.
+   IPoXML is the root protocol REQUIRED for effective use of TCPoXML
+   (section 3.) and higher-level application protocols.
+
+   The DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.1.
+
+   The routing of IPoXML can be easily implemented on hosts with an XML
+   parser, as the regular structure lends itself handily to parsing and
+   validation of the document/datagram and then processing the
+   destination address, TTL, and checksum before sending it on to its
+   next-hop.
+
+   The reformulation of IPv4 was chosen over IPv6 [RFC2460] due to the
+   wider deployment of IPv4 and the fact that implementing IPv6 as XML
+   would have exceeded the 1500 byte Ethernet MTU.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 2]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   All BLOAT implementations MUST use - and specify - the UTF-8 encoding
+   of RFC 2279 [RFC2279].  All BLOAT document/datagrams MUST be well-
+   formed and include the XMLDecl.
+
+2.1. IP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed (for the better) from the original IP
+   specification.  Bit-masks, where present have been converted into
+   human-readable values.  IP addresses are listed in their dotted-
+   decimal notation [RFC1123].  Length and checksum values are present
+   as decimal integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the IP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used.  The canonical form
+   SHALL have no whitespace (including newline characters) between
+   elements and only one space character between attributes.  There
+   SHALL NOT be a space following the last attribute in an element.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums, as the
+   length field will vary based on the size of the checksum.
+
+   The payload element bears special attention.  Due to the character
+   set restrictions of XML, the payload of IP datagrams (which MAY
+   contain arbitrary data) MUST be encoded for transport. This RFC
+   REQUIRES the contents of the payload to be encoded in the base-64
+   encoding of RFC 2045 [RFC2045], but removes the requirement that the
+   encoded output MUST be wrapped on 76-character lines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 3]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+2.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example IPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <ip>
+   <header length="474">
+   <version value="4"/>
+   <tos precedence="Routine" delay="Normal" throughput="Normal"
+        relibility="Normal" reserved="0"/>
+   <total.length value="461"/>
+   <id value="1"/>
+   <flags reserved="0" df="dont" mf="last"/>
+   <offset value="0"/>
+   <ttl value="255"/>
+   <protocol value="6"/>
+   <checksum value="8707"/>
+   <source address="10.0.0.22"/>
+   <destination address="10.0.0.1"/>
+   <options>
+   <end copied="0" class="0" number="0"/>
+   </options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </ip>
+
+3.   TCPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.2.
+
+3.1. TCP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original TCP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the TCP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in
+   section 2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 4]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   The TCP offset element was expanded to a maximum of 255 from 16 to
+   allow for the increased size of the header in XML.
+
+   TCPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+3.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example TCPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <tcp>
+   <tcp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <sequence number="322622954"/>
+   <acknowledgement number="689715995"/>
+   <offset number=""/>
+   <reserved value="0"/>
+   <control syn="1" ack="1"/>
+   <window size="1"/>
+   <urgent pointer="0"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   <tcp.options>
+   <tcp.end kind="0"/>
+   </tcp.options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </tcp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </tcp>
+
+4.   UDPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.3.
+
+4.1. UDP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original UDP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 5]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the UDP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.  An
+   iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in section
+   2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+   UDPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+4.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example UDPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <udp>
+   <udp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <udp.length value="143"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   </udp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </udp>
+
+5.   Network Transport
+
+   This document provides for the transmission of BLOAT datagrams over
+   two common families of physical layer transport.  Future RFCs will
+   address additional transports as routing vendors catch up to the
+   specification, and we begin to see BLOAT routed across the Internet
+   backbone.
+
+5.1. Ethernet
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in Ethernet datagrams as in [RFC894] with the
+   exception that the type field of the Ethernet frame MUST contain the
+   value 0xBEEF.  The first 5 octets of the Ethernet frame payload will
+   be 0x3c 3f 78 6d 6c ("<?xml".)
+
+5.2. IEEE 802
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in IEEE 802 Networks as in [RFC1042] except
+   that the protocol type code for IPoXML is 0xBEEF.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 6]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+6. Gatewaying over IP
+
+   In order to facilitate the gradual introduction of BLOAT into the
+   public Internet, BLOAT MAY be encapsulated in IP as in [RFC2003] to
+   gateway between networks that run BLOAT natively on their LANs.
+
+7. DTDs
+
+   The Transport DTDs (7.2. and 7.3.) build on the definitions in the
+   Network DTD (7.1.)
+
+   The DTDs are referenced by their PubidLiteral and SystemLiteral (from
+   [XML]) although it is understood that most IPoXML implementations
+   will not need to pull down the DTD, as it will normally be embedded
+   in the implementation, and presents something of a catch-22 if you
+   need to load part of your network protocol over the network.
+
+7.1.  IPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+    DTD for IP over XML.
+    Refer to this DTD as:
+
+    <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+   <!--
+    DTD data types:
+
+      Digits      [0..9]+
+
+      Precedence  "NetworkControl | InternetworkControl |
+                   CRITIC | FlashOverride | Flash | Immediate |
+                   Priority | Routine"
+
+      IP4Addr     "dotted-decimal" notation of [RFC1123]
+
+      Class       [0..3]
+
+      Sec          "Unclassified | Confidential | EFTO | MMMM | PROG |
+                    Restricted | Secret | Top Secret | Reserved"
+
+      Compartments [0..65535]
+
+      Handling     [0..65535]
+
+      TCC          [0..16777216]
+
+   -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 7]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ENTITY % Digits "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Precedence "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % IP4Addr "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Class "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Sec "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Compartments "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Handling "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % TCC "CDATA">
+
+   <!ELEMENT ip (header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT header (version, tos, total.length, id, flags, offset, ttl,
+                    protocol, checksum, source, destination, options,
+                    padding)>
+   <!-- length of header in 32-bit words -->
+   <!ATTLIST header
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT version EMPTY>
+   <!-- ip version. SHOULD be "4" -->
+   <!ATTLIST version
+             value   %Digits;  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tos EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tos
+             precedence   %Precedence;    #REQUIRED
+             delay    (normal | low)  #REQUIRED
+             throughput   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             relibility   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             reserved     CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT total.length EMPTY>
+   <!--
+    total length of datagram (header and payload) in octets, MUST be
+    less than 65,535 (and SHOULD be less than 1024 for IPoXML on local
+    ethernets).
+   -->
+   <!ATTLIST total.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT id EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535  -->
+   <!ATTLIST id
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT flags EMPTY>
+   <!-- df = don't fragment, mf = more fragments  -->
+   <!ATTLIST flags
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 8]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+          reserved CDATA  #FIXED "0"
+          df (may|dont)   #REQUIRED
+          mf (last|more)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= offset <= 8192 measured in 8 octet (64-bit) chunks -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT ttl EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= ttl <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST ttl
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT protocol EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= protocol <= 255 (per IANA) -->
+   <!ATTLIST protocol
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT checksum EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= checksum <= 65535 (over header only) -->
+   <!ATTLIST checksum
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT source EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST source
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT destination EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST destination
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT options ( end | noop | security | loose | strict | record
+                     | stream | timestamp )*>
+
+   <!ELEMENT end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST end
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST noop
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT security EMPTY>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 9]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST security
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "11"
+             security %Sec; #REQUIRED
+             compartments %Compartments; #REQUIRED
+             handling %Handling; #REQUIRED
+             tcc %TCC; #REQUIRED>
+   <!ELEMENT loose (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST loose
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "3"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT hop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST hop
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT strict (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST strict
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "9"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT record (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST record
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "7"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT stream EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST stream
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "8"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             id %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT timestamp (tstamp)+>
+   <!-- 0 <= oflw <=15 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 10]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST timestamp
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             length %Digits;  #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             oflw %Digits;    #REQUIRED
+             flag (0 | 1 | 3)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tstamp EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tstamp
+             time %Digits;   #REQUIRED
+             address %IP4Addr; #IMPLIED>
+   <!--
+       padding to bring header to 32-bit boundary.
+       pad MUST be "0"*
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT padding EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST padding
+             pad CDATA #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!-- payload MUST be encoded as base-64 [RFC2045], as modified
+        by section 2.1 of this RFC -->
+   <!ELEMENT payload (CDATA)>
+
+7.2.  TCPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for TCP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!-- the pseudoheader is only included for checksum calculations -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp (tcp.pseudoheader?, tcp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.header (src, dest, sequence, acknowledgement, offset,
+                         reserved, control, window, checksum, urgent,
+                         tcp.options, padding)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT src EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST src
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT dest EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 11]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST dest
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT sequence EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST sequence
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT acknowledgement EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST acknowledgement
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT reserved EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST reserved
+             value CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT control EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST control
+             urg (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             ack (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             psh (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             rst (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             syn (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             fin (0|1) #IMPLIED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT window EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= size <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST window
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!--
+      checksum as in ip, but with
+      the following pseudo-header added into the tcp element:
+     -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               tcp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      tcp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 12]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT urgent EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= pointer <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST urgent
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.options (tcp.end | tcp.noop | tcp.mss)+>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.end
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.noop
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.mss EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.mss
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+7.3.  UDPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for UDP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp (udp.pseudoheader?, udp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.header (src, dest, udp.length, checksum)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               udp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      udp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT udp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST udp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 13]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+8. Security Considerations
+
+   XML, as a subset of SGML, has the same security considerations as
+   specified in SGML Media Types [RFC1874].  Security considerations
+   that apply to IP, TCP and UDP also likely apply to BLOAT as it does
+   not attempt to correct for issues not related to message format.
+
+9.   References
+
+   [JABBER]    Miller, J., "Jabber", draft-miller-jabber-00.txt,
+               February 2002. (Work in Progress)
+
+   [RFC768]    Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
+               August 1980.
+
+   [RFC791]    Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
+               September 1981.
+
+   [RFC793]    Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC
+               793, September 1981.
+
+   [RFC894]    Hornig, C., "Standard for the Transmission of IP
+               Datagrams over Ethernet Networks.", RFC 894, April 1984.
+
+   [RFC1042]   Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Standard for the
+               Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802 Networks", STD
+               43, RFC 1042, February 1988.
+
+   [RFC1123]   Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
+               Application and Support", RFC 1123, October 1989.
+
+   [RFC1874]   Levinson, E., "SGML Media Types", RFC 1874, December
+               1995.
+
+   [RFC2003]   Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003,
+               October 1996.
+
+   [RFC2045]   Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
+               Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
+               Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
+
+   [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+
+   [RFC2279]   Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
+               10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 14]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   [RFC2460]   Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
+               (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
+
+   [RFC3080]   Rose, M., "The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core",
+               RFC 3080, March 2001.
+
+   [SOAP]      Box, D., Ehnebuske, D., Kakivaya, G., Layman, A.,
+               Mendelsohn, N., Nielsen, H. F., Thatte, S. Winer, D.,
+               "Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1" World Wide Web
+               Consortium Note, May 2000 http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/
+
+   [XML]       Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., "Extensible
+               Markup Language (XML)" World Wide Web Consortium
+               Recommendation REC- xml-19980210.
+               http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210
+
+10.  Author's Address
+
+   Hugh Kennedy
+   Mimezine
+   1060 West Addison
+   Chicago, IL 60613
+   USA
+
+   EMail: kennedyh@engin.umich.edu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 15]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+11.  Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
+   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
+   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
+   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
+   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
+   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
+   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
+   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
+   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
+   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
+   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
+   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
+   English.
+
+   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
+   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
+
+   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
+   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
+   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
+   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
+   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Acknowledgement
+
+   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
+   Internet Society.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 16]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Network Working Group                                         H. Kennedy
+Request for Comments: 3252                                      Mimezine
+Category: Informational                                     1 April 2002
+
+
+                 Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
+   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
+   memo is unlimited.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Abstract
+
+   This document defines a reformulation of IP and two transport layer
+   protocols (TCP and UDP) as XML applications.
+
+1.   Introduction
+
+1.1. Overview
+
+   This document describes the Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+   (BLOAT): a reformulation of a widely-deployed network-layer protocol
+   (IP [RFC791]), and two associated transport layer protocols (TCP
+   [RFC793] and UDP [RFC768]) as XML [XML] applications.  It also
+   describes methods for transporting BLOAT over Ethernet and IEEE 802
+   networks as well as encapsulating BLOAT in IP for gatewaying BLOAT
+   across the public Internet.
+
+1.2. Motivation
+
+   The wild popularity of XML as a basis for application-level protocols
+   such as the Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol [RFC3080], the Simple
+   Object Access Protocol [SOAP], and Jabber [JABBER] prompted
+   investigation into the possibility of extending the use of XML in the
+   protocol stack.  Using XML at both the transport and network layer in
+   addition to the application layer would provide for an amazing amount
+   of power and flexibility while removing dependencies on proprietary
+   and hard-to-understand binary protocols.  This protocol unification
+   would also allow applications to use a single XML parser for all
+   aspects of their operation, eliminating developer time spent figuring
+   out the intricacies of each new protocol, and moving the hard work of
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 1]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   parsing to the XML toolset.  The use of XML also mitigates concerns
+   over "network vs. host" byte ordering which is at the root of many
+   network application bugs.
+
+1.3. Relation to Existing Protocols
+
+   The reformulations specified in this RFC follow as closely as
+   possible the spirit of the RFCs on which they are based, and so MAY
+   contain elements or attributes that would not be needed in a pure
+   reworking (e.g. length attributes, which are implicit in XML.)
+
+   The layering of network and transport protocols are maintained in
+   this RFC despite the optimizations that could be made if the line
+   were somewhat blurred (i.e. merging TCP and IP into a single, larger
+   element in the DTD) in order to foster future use of this protocol as
+   a basis for reformulating other protocols (such as ICMP.)
+
+   Other than the encoding, the behavioral aspects of each of the
+   existing protocols remain unchanged.  Routing, address spaces, TCP
+   congestion control, etc. behave as specified in the extant standards.
+   Adapting to new standards and experimental algorithm heuristics for
+   improving performance will become much easier once the move to BLOAT
+   has been completed.
+
+1.4. Requirement Levels
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
+   [RFC2119].
+
+2.   IPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.
+   IPoXML is the root protocol REQUIRED for effective use of TCPoXML
+   (section 3.) and higher-level application protocols.
+
+   The DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.1.
+
+   The routing of IPoXML can be easily implemented on hosts with an XML
+   parser, as the regular structure lends itself handily to parsing and
+   validation of the document/datagram and then processing the
+   destination address, TTL, and checksum before sending it on to its
+   next-hop.
+
+   The reformulation of IPv4 was chosen over IPv6 [RFC2460] due to the
+   wider deployment of IPv4 and the fact that implementing IPv6 as XML
+   would have exceeded the 1500 byte Ethernet MTU.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 2]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   All BLOAT implementations MUST use - and specify - the UTF-8 encoding
+   of RFC 2279 [RFC2279].  All BLOAT document/datagrams MUST be well-
+   formed and include the XMLDecl.
+
+2.1. IP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed (for the better) from the original IP
+   specification.  Bit-masks, where present have been converted into
+   human-readable values.  IP addresses are listed in their dotted-
+   decimal notation [RFC1123].  Length and checksum values are present
+   as decimal integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the IP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used.  The canonical form
+   SHALL have no whitespace (including newline characters) between
+   elements and only one space character between attributes.  There
+   SHALL NOT be a space following the last attribute in an element.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums, as the
+   length field will vary based on the size of the checksum.
+
+   The payload element bears special attention.  Due to the character
+   set restrictions of XML, the payload of IP datagrams (which MAY
+   contain arbitrary data) MUST be encoded for transport. This RFC
+   REQUIRES the contents of the payload to be encoded in the base-64
+   encoding of RFC 2045 [RFC2045], but removes the requirement that the
+   encoded output MUST be wrapped on 76-character lines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 3]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+2.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example IPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <ip>
+   <header length="474">
+   <version value="4"/>
+   <tos precedence="Routine" delay="Normal" throughput="Normal"
+        relibility="Normal" reserved="0"/>
+   <total.length value="461"/>
+   <id value="1"/>
+   <flags reserved="0" df="dont" mf="last"/>
+   <offset value="0"/>
+   <ttl value="255"/>
+   <protocol value="6"/>
+   <checksum value="8707"/>
+   <source address="10.0.0.22"/>
+   <destination address="10.0.0.1"/>
+   <options>
+   <end copied="0" class="0" number="0"/>
+   </options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </ip>
+
+3.   TCPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.2.
+
+3.1. TCP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original TCP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the TCP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in
+   section 2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 4]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   The TCP offset element was expanded to a maximum of 255 from 16 to
+   allow for the increased size of the header in XML.
+
+   TCPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+3.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example TCPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <tcp>
+   <tcp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <sequence number="322622954"/>
+   <acknowledgement number="689715995"/>
+   <offset number=""/>
+   <reserved value="0"/>
+   <control syn="1" ack="1"/>
+   <window size="1"/>
+   <urgent pointer="0"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   <tcp.options>
+   <tcp.end kind="0"/>
+   </tcp.options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </tcp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </tcp>
+
+4.   UDPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.3.
+
+4.1. UDP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original UDP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 5]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the UDP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.  An
+   iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in section
+   2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+   UDPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+4.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example UDPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <udp>
+   <udp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <udp.length value="143"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   </udp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </udp>
+
+5.   Network Transport
+
+   This document provides for the transmission of BLOAT datagrams over
+   two common families of physical layer transport.  Future RFCs will
+   address additional transports as routing vendors catch up to the
+   specification, and we begin to see BLOAT routed across the Internet
+   backbone.
+
+5.1. Ethernet
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in Ethernet datagrams as in [RFC894] with the
+   exception that the type field of the Ethernet frame MUST contain the
+   value 0xBEEF.  The first 5 octets of the Ethernet frame payload will
+   be 0x3c 3f 78 6d 6c ("<?xml".)
+
+5.2. IEEE 802
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in IEEE 802 Networks as in [RFC1042] except
+   that the protocol type code for IPoXML is 0xBEEF.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 6]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+6. Gatewaying over IP
+
+   In order to facilitate the gradual introduction of BLOAT into the
+   public Internet, BLOAT MAY be encapsulated in IP as in [RFC2003] to
+   gateway between networks that run BLOAT natively on their LANs.
+
+7. DTDs
+
+   The Transport DTDs (7.2. and 7.3.) build on the definitions in the
+   Network DTD (7.1.)
+
+   The DTDs are referenced by their PubidLiteral and SystemLiteral (from
+   [XML]) although it is understood that most IPoXML implementations
+   will not need to pull down the DTD, as it will normally be embedded
+   in the implementation, and presents something of a catch-22 if you
+   need to load part of your network protocol over the network.
+
+7.1.  IPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+    DTD for IP over XML.
+    Refer to this DTD as:
+
+    <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+   <!--
+    DTD data types:
+
+      Digits      [0..9]+
+
+      Precedence  "NetworkControl | InternetworkControl |
+                   CRITIC | FlashOverride | Flash | Immediate |
+                   Priority | Routine"
+
+      IP4Addr     "dotted-decimal" notation of [RFC1123]
+
+      Class       [0..3]
+
+      Sec          "Unclassified | Confidential | EFTO | MMMM | PROG |
+                    Restricted | Secret | Top Secret | Reserved"
+
+      Compartments [0..65535]
+
+      Handling     [0..65535]
+
+      TCC          [0..16777216]
+
+   -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 7]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ENTITY % Digits "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Precedence "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % IP4Addr "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Class "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Sec "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Compartments "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Handling "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % TCC "CDATA">
+
+   <!ELEMENT ip (header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT header (version, tos, total.length, id, flags, offset, ttl,
+                    protocol, checksum, source, destination, options,
+                    padding)>
+   <!-- length of header in 32-bit words -->
+   <!ATTLIST header
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT version EMPTY>
+   <!-- ip version. SHOULD be "4" -->
+   <!ATTLIST version
+             value   %Digits;  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tos EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tos
+             precedence   %Precedence;    #REQUIRED
+             delay    (normal | low)  #REQUIRED
+             throughput   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             relibility   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             reserved     CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT total.length EMPTY>
+   <!--
+    total length of datagram (header and payload) in octets, MUST be
+    less than 65,535 (and SHOULD be less than 1024 for IPoXML on local
+    ethernets).
+   -->
+   <!ATTLIST total.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT id EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535  -->
+   <!ATTLIST id
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT flags EMPTY>
+   <!-- df = don't fragment, mf = more fragments  -->
+   <!ATTLIST flags
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 8]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+          reserved CDATA  #FIXED "0"
+          df (may|dont)   #REQUIRED
+          mf (last|more)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= offset <= 8192 measured in 8 octet (64-bit) chunks -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT ttl EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= ttl <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST ttl
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT protocol EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= protocol <= 255 (per IANA) -->
+   <!ATTLIST protocol
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT checksum EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= checksum <= 65535 (over header only) -->
+   <!ATTLIST checksum
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT source EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST source
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT destination EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST destination
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT options ( end | noop | security | loose | strict | record
+                     | stream | timestamp )*>
+
+   <!ELEMENT end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST end
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST noop
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT security EMPTY>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 9]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST security
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "11"
+             security %Sec; #REQUIRED
+             compartments %Compartments; #REQUIRED
+             handling %Handling; #REQUIRED
+             tcc %TCC; #REQUIRED>
+   <!ELEMENT loose (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST loose
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "3"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT hop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST hop
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT strict (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST strict
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "9"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT record (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST record
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "7"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT stream EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST stream
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "8"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             id %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT timestamp (tstamp)+>
+   <!-- 0 <= oflw <=15 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 10]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST timestamp
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             length %Digits;  #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             oflw %Digits;    #REQUIRED
+             flag (0 | 1 | 3)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tstamp EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tstamp
+             time %Digits;   #REQUIRED
+             address %IP4Addr; #IMPLIED>
+   <!--
+       padding to bring header to 32-bit boundary.
+       pad MUST be "0"*
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT padding EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST padding
+             pad CDATA #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!-- payload MUST be encoded as base-64 [RFC2045], as modified
+        by section 2.1 of this RFC -->
+   <!ELEMENT payload (CDATA)>
+
+7.2.  TCPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for TCP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!-- the pseudoheader is only included for checksum calculations -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp (tcp.pseudoheader?, tcp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.header (src, dest, sequence, acknowledgement, offset,
+                         reserved, control, window, checksum, urgent,
+                         tcp.options, padding)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT src EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST src
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT dest EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 11]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST dest
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT sequence EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST sequence
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT acknowledgement EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST acknowledgement
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT reserved EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST reserved
+             value CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT control EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST control
+             urg (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             ack (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             psh (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             rst (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             syn (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             fin (0|1) #IMPLIED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT window EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= size <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST window
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!--
+      checksum as in ip, but with
+      the following pseudo-header added into the tcp element:
+     -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               tcp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      tcp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 12]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT urgent EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= pointer <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST urgent
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.options (tcp.end | tcp.noop | tcp.mss)+>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.end
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.noop
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.mss EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.mss
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+7.3.  UDPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for UDP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp (udp.pseudoheader?, udp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.header (src, dest, udp.length, checksum)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               udp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      udp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT udp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST udp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 13]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+8. Security Considerations
+
+   XML, as a subset of SGML, has the same security considerations as
+   specified in SGML Media Types [RFC1874].  Security considerations
+   that apply to IP, TCP and UDP also likely apply to BLOAT as it does
+   not attempt to correct for issues not related to message format.
+
+9.   References
+
+   [JABBER]    Miller, J., "Jabber", draft-miller-jabber-00.txt,
+               February 2002. (Work in Progress)
+
+   [RFC768]    Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
+               August 1980.
+
+   [RFC791]    Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
+               September 1981.
+
+   [RFC793]    Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC
+               793, September 1981.
+
+   [RFC894]    Hornig, C., "Standard for the Transmission of IP
+               Datagrams over Ethernet Networks.", RFC 894, April 1984.
+
+   [RFC1042]   Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Standard for the
+               Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802 Networks", STD
+               43, RFC 1042, February 1988.
+
+   [RFC1123]   Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
+               Application and Support", RFC 1123, October 1989.
+
+   [RFC1874]   Levinson, E., "SGML Media Types", RFC 1874, December
+               1995.
+
+   [RFC2003]   Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003,
+               October 1996.
+
+   [RFC2045]   Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
+               Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
+               Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
+
+   [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+
+   [RFC2279]   Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
+               10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 14]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   [RFC2460]   Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
+               (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
+
+   [RFC3080]   Rose, M., "The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core",
+               RFC 3080, March 2001.
+
+   [SOAP]      Box, D., Ehnebuske, D., Kakivaya, G., Layman, A.,
+               Mendelsohn, N., Nielsen, H. F., Thatte, S. Winer, D.,
+               "Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1" World Wide Web
+               Consortium Note, May 2000 http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/
+
+   [XML]       Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., "Extensible
+               Markup Language (XML)" World Wide Web Consortium
+               Recommendation REC- xml-19980210.
+               http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210
+
+10.  Author's Address
+
+   Hugh Kennedy
+   Mimezine
+   1060 West Addison
+   Chicago, IL 60613
+   USA
+
+   EMail: kennedyh@engin.umich.edu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 15]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+11.  Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
+   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
+   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
+   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
+   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
+   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
+   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
+   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
+   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
+   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
+   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
+   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
+   English.
+
+   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
+   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
+
+   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
+   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
+   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
+   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
+   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Acknowledgement
+
+   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
+   Internet Society.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 16]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Network Working Group                                         H. Kennedy
+Request for Comments: 3252                                      Mimezine
+Category: Informational                                     1 April 2002
+
+
+                 Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
+   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
+   memo is unlimited.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Abstract
+
+   This document defines a reformulation of IP and two transport layer
+   protocols (TCP and UDP) as XML applications.
+
+1.   Introduction
+
+1.1. Overview
+
+   This document describes the Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+   (BLOAT): a reformulation of a widely-deployed network-layer protocol
+   (IP [RFC791]), and two associated transport layer protocols (TCP
+   [RFC793] and UDP [RFC768]) as XML [XML] applications.  It also
+   describes methods for transporting BLOAT over Ethernet and IEEE 802
+   networks as well as encapsulating BLOAT in IP for gatewaying BLOAT
+   across the public Internet.
+
+1.2. Motivation
+
+   The wild popularity of XML as a basis for application-level protocols
+   such as the Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol [RFC3080], the Simple
+   Object Access Protocol [SOAP], and Jabber [JABBER] prompted
+   investigation into the possibility of extending the use of XML in the
+   protocol stack.  Using XML at both the transport and network layer in
+   addition to the application layer would provide for an amazing amount
+   of power and flexibility while removing dependencies on proprietary
+   and hard-to-understand binary protocols.  This protocol unification
+   would also allow applications to use a single XML parser for all
+   aspects of their operation, eliminating developer time spent figuring
+   out the intricacies of each new protocol, and moving the hard work of
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 1]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   parsing to the XML toolset.  The use of XML also mitigates concerns
+   over "network vs. host" byte ordering which is at the root of many
+   network application bugs.
+
+1.3. Relation to Existing Protocols
+
+   The reformulations specified in this RFC follow as closely as
+   possible the spirit of the RFCs on which they are based, and so MAY
+   contain elements or attributes that would not be needed in a pure
+   reworking (e.g. length attributes, which are implicit in XML.)
+
+   The layering of network and transport protocols are maintained in
+   this RFC despite the optimizations that could be made if the line
+   were somewhat blurred (i.e. merging TCP and IP into a single, larger
+   element in the DTD) in order to foster future use of this protocol as
+   a basis for reformulating other protocols (such as ICMP.)
+
+   Other than the encoding, the behavioral aspects of each of the
+   existing protocols remain unchanged.  Routing, address spaces, TCP
+   congestion control, etc. behave as specified in the extant standards.
+   Adapting to new standards and experimental algorithm heuristics for
+   improving performance will become much easier once the move to BLOAT
+   has been completed.
+
+1.4. Requirement Levels
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
+   [RFC2119].
+
+2.   IPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.
+   IPoXML is the root protocol REQUIRED for effective use of TCPoXML
+   (section 3.) and higher-level application protocols.
+
+   The DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.1.
+
+   The routing of IPoXML can be easily implemented on hosts with an XML
+   parser, as the regular structure lends itself handily to parsing and
+   validation of the document/datagram and then processing the
+   destination address, TTL, and checksum before sending it on to its
+   next-hop.
+
+   The reformulation of IPv4 was chosen over IPv6 [RFC2460] due to the
+   wider deployment of IPv4 and the fact that implementing IPv6 as XML
+   would have exceeded the 1500 byte Ethernet MTU.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 2]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   All BLOAT implementations MUST use - and specify - the UTF-8 encoding
+   of RFC 2279 [RFC2279].  All BLOAT document/datagrams MUST be well-
+   formed and include the XMLDecl.
+
+2.1. IP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed (for the better) from the original IP
+   specification.  Bit-masks, where present have been converted into
+   human-readable values.  IP addresses are listed in their dotted-
+   decimal notation [RFC1123].  Length and checksum values are present
+   as decimal integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the IP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used.  The canonical form
+   SHALL have no whitespace (including newline characters) between
+   elements and only one space character between attributes.  There
+   SHALL NOT be a space following the last attribute in an element.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums, as the
+   length field will vary based on the size of the checksum.
+
+   The payload element bears special attention.  Due to the character
+   set restrictions of XML, the payload of IP datagrams (which MAY
+   contain arbitrary data) MUST be encoded for transport. This RFC
+   REQUIRES the contents of the payload to be encoded in the base-64
+   encoding of RFC 2045 [RFC2045], but removes the requirement that the
+   encoded output MUST be wrapped on 76-character lines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 3]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+2.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example IPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <ip>
+   <header length="474">
+   <version value="4"/>
+   <tos precedence="Routine" delay="Normal" throughput="Normal"
+        relibility="Normal" reserved="0"/>
+   <total.length value="461"/>
+   <id value="1"/>
+   <flags reserved="0" df="dont" mf="last"/>
+   <offset value="0"/>
+   <ttl value="255"/>
+   <protocol value="6"/>
+   <checksum value="8707"/>
+   <source address="10.0.0.22"/>
+   <destination address="10.0.0.1"/>
+   <options>
+   <end copied="0" class="0" number="0"/>
+   </options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </ip>
+
+3.   TCPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.2.
+
+3.1. TCP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original TCP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the TCP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in
+   section 2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 4]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   The TCP offset element was expanded to a maximum of 255 from 16 to
+   allow for the increased size of the header in XML.
+
+   TCPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+3.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example TCPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <tcp>
+   <tcp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <sequence number="322622954"/>
+   <acknowledgement number="689715995"/>
+   <offset number=""/>
+   <reserved value="0"/>
+   <control syn="1" ack="1"/>
+   <window size="1"/>
+   <urgent pointer="0"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   <tcp.options>
+   <tcp.end kind="0"/>
+   </tcp.options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </tcp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </tcp>
+
+4.   UDPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.3.
+
+4.1. UDP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original UDP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 5]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the UDP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.  An
+   iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in section
+   2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+   UDPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+4.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example UDPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <udp>
+   <udp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <udp.length value="143"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   </udp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </udp>
+
+5.   Network Transport
+
+   This document provides for the transmission of BLOAT datagrams over
+   two common families of physical layer transport.  Future RFCs will
+   address additional transports as routing vendors catch up to the
+   specification, and we begin to see BLOAT routed across the Internet
+   backbone.
+
+5.1. Ethernet
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in Ethernet datagrams as in [RFC894] with the
+   exception that the type field of the Ethernet frame MUST contain the
+   value 0xBEEF.  The first 5 octets of the Ethernet frame payload will
+   be 0x3c 3f 78 6d 6c ("<?xml".)
+
+5.2. IEEE 802
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in IEEE 802 Networks as in [RFC1042] except
+   that the protocol type code for IPoXML is 0xBEEF.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 6]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+6. Gatewaying over IP
+
+   In order to facilitate the gradual introduction of BLOAT into the
+   public Internet, BLOAT MAY be encapsulated in IP as in [RFC2003] to
+   gateway between networks that run BLOAT natively on their LANs.
+
+7. DTDs
+
+   The Transport DTDs (7.2. and 7.3.) build on the definitions in the
+   Network DTD (7.1.)
+
+   The DTDs are referenced by their PubidLiteral and SystemLiteral (from
+   [XML]) although it is understood that most IPoXML implementations
+   will not need to pull down the DTD, as it will normally be embedded
+   in the implementation, and presents something of a catch-22 if you
+   need to load part of your network protocol over the network.
+
+7.1.  IPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+    DTD for IP over XML.
+    Refer to this DTD as:
+
+    <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+   <!--
+    DTD data types:
+
+      Digits      [0..9]+
+
+      Precedence  "NetworkControl | InternetworkControl |
+                   CRITIC | FlashOverride | Flash | Immediate |
+                   Priority | Routine"
+
+      IP4Addr     "dotted-decimal" notation of [RFC1123]
+
+      Class       [0..3]
+
+      Sec          "Unclassified | Confidential | EFTO | MMMM | PROG |
+                    Restricted | Secret | Top Secret | Reserved"
+
+      Compartments [0..65535]
+
+      Handling     [0..65535]
+
+      TCC          [0..16777216]
+
+   -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 7]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ENTITY % Digits "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Precedence "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % IP4Addr "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Class "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Sec "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Compartments "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Handling "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % TCC "CDATA">
+
+   <!ELEMENT ip (header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT header (version, tos, total.length, id, flags, offset, ttl,
+                    protocol, checksum, source, destination, options,
+                    padding)>
+   <!-- length of header in 32-bit words -->
+   <!ATTLIST header
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT version EMPTY>
+   <!-- ip version. SHOULD be "4" -->
+   <!ATTLIST version
+             value   %Digits;  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tos EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tos
+             precedence   %Precedence;    #REQUIRED
+             delay    (normal | low)  #REQUIRED
+             throughput   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             relibility   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             reserved     CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT total.length EMPTY>
+   <!--
+    total length of datagram (header and payload) in octets, MUST be
+    less than 65,535 (and SHOULD be less than 1024 for IPoXML on local
+    ethernets).
+   -->
+   <!ATTLIST total.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT id EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535  -->
+   <!ATTLIST id
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT flags EMPTY>
+   <!-- df = don't fragment, mf = more fragments  -->
+   <!ATTLIST flags
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 8]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+          reserved CDATA  #FIXED "0"
+          df (may|dont)   #REQUIRED
+          mf (last|more)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= offset <= 8192 measured in 8 octet (64-bit) chunks -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT ttl EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= ttl <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST ttl
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT protocol EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= protocol <= 255 (per IANA) -->
+   <!ATTLIST protocol
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT checksum EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= checksum <= 65535 (over header only) -->
+   <!ATTLIST checksum
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT source EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST source
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT destination EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST destination
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT options ( end | noop | security | loose | strict | record
+                     | stream | timestamp )*>
+
+   <!ELEMENT end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST end
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST noop
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT security EMPTY>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 9]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST security
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "11"
+             security %Sec; #REQUIRED
+             compartments %Compartments; #REQUIRED
+             handling %Handling; #REQUIRED
+             tcc %TCC; #REQUIRED>
+   <!ELEMENT loose (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST loose
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "3"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT hop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST hop
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT strict (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST strict
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "9"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT record (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST record
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "7"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT stream EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST stream
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "8"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             id %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT timestamp (tstamp)+>
+   <!-- 0 <= oflw <=15 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 10]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST timestamp
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             length %Digits;  #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             oflw %Digits;    #REQUIRED
+             flag (0 | 1 | 3)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tstamp EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tstamp
+             time %Digits;   #REQUIRED
+             address %IP4Addr; #IMPLIED>
+   <!--
+       padding to bring header to 32-bit boundary.
+       pad MUST be "0"*
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT padding EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST padding
+             pad CDATA #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!-- payload MUST be encoded as base-64 [RFC2045], as modified
+        by section 2.1 of this RFC -->
+   <!ELEMENT payload (CDATA)>
+
+7.2.  TCPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for TCP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!-- the pseudoheader is only included for checksum calculations -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp (tcp.pseudoheader?, tcp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.header (src, dest, sequence, acknowledgement, offset,
+                         reserved, control, window, checksum, urgent,
+                         tcp.options, padding)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT src EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST src
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT dest EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 11]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST dest
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT sequence EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST sequence
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT acknowledgement EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST acknowledgement
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT reserved EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST reserved
+             value CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT control EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST control
+             urg (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             ack (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             psh (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             rst (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             syn (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             fin (0|1) #IMPLIED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT window EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= size <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST window
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!--
+      checksum as in ip, but with
+      the following pseudo-header added into the tcp element:
+     -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               tcp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      tcp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 12]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT urgent EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= pointer <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST urgent
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.options (tcp.end | tcp.noop | tcp.mss)+>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.end
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.noop
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.mss EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.mss
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+7.3.  UDPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for UDP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp (udp.pseudoheader?, udp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.header (src, dest, udp.length, checksum)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               udp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      udp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT udp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST udp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 13]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+8. Security Considerations
+
+   XML, as a subset of SGML, has the same security considerations as
+   specified in SGML Media Types [RFC1874].  Security considerations
+   that apply to IP, TCP and UDP also likely apply to BLOAT as it does
+   not attempt to correct for issues not related to message format.
+
+9.   References
+
+   [JABBER]    Miller, J., "Jabber", draft-miller-jabber-00.txt,
+               February 2002. (Work in Progress)
+
+   [RFC768]    Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
+               August 1980.
+
+   [RFC791]    Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
+               September 1981.
+
+   [RFC793]    Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC
+               793, September 1981.
+
+   [RFC894]    Hornig, C., "Standard for the Transmission of IP
+               Datagrams over Ethernet Networks.", RFC 894, April 1984.
+
+   [RFC1042]   Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Standard for the
+               Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802 Networks", STD
+               43, RFC 1042, February 1988.
+
+   [RFC1123]   Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
+               Application and Support", RFC 1123, October 1989.
+
+   [RFC1874]   Levinson, E., "SGML Media Types", RFC 1874, December
+               1995.
+
+   [RFC2003]   Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003,
+               October 1996.
+
+   [RFC2045]   Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
+               Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
+               Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
+
+   [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+
+   [RFC2279]   Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
+               10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 14]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   [RFC2460]   Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
+               (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
+
+   [RFC3080]   Rose, M., "The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core",
+               RFC 3080, March 2001.
+
+   [SOAP]      Box, D., Ehnebuske, D., Kakivaya, G., Layman, A.,
+               Mendelsohn, N., Nielsen, H. F., Thatte, S. Winer, D.,
+               "Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1" World Wide Web
+               Consortium Note, May 2000 http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/
+
+   [XML]       Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., "Extensible
+               Markup Language (XML)" World Wide Web Consortium
+               Recommendation REC- xml-19980210.
+               http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210
+
+10.  Author's Address
+
+   Hugh Kennedy
+   Mimezine
+   1060 West Addison
+   Chicago, IL 60613
+   USA
+
+   EMail: kennedyh@engin.umich.edu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 15]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+11.  Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
+   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
+   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
+   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
+   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
+   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
+   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
+   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
+   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
+   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
+   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
+   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
+   English.
+
+   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
+   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
+
+   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
+   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
+   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
+   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
+   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Acknowledgement
+
+   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
+   Internet Society.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 16]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Network Working Group                                         H. Kennedy
+Request for Comments: 3252                                      Mimezine
+Category: Informational                                     1 April 2002
+
+
+                 Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
+   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
+   memo is unlimited.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Abstract
+
+   This document defines a reformulation of IP and two transport layer
+   protocols (TCP and UDP) as XML applications.
+
+1.   Introduction
+
+1.1. Overview
+
+   This document describes the Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+   (BLOAT): a reformulation of a widely-deployed network-layer protocol
+   (IP [RFC791]), and two associated transport layer protocols (TCP
+   [RFC793] and UDP [RFC768]) as XML [XML] applications.  It also
+   describes methods for transporting BLOAT over Ethernet and IEEE 802
+   networks as well as encapsulating BLOAT in IP for gatewaying BLOAT
+   across the public Internet.
+
+1.2. Motivation
+
+   The wild popularity of XML as a basis for application-level protocols
+   such as the Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol [RFC3080], the Simple
+   Object Access Protocol [SOAP], and Jabber [JABBER] prompted
+   investigation into the possibility of extending the use of XML in the
+   protocol stack.  Using XML at both the transport and network layer in
+   addition to the application layer would provide for an amazing amount
+   of power and flexibility while removing dependencies on proprietary
+   and hard-to-understand binary protocols.  This protocol unification
+   would also allow applications to use a single XML parser for all
+   aspects of their operation, eliminating developer time spent figuring
+   out the intricacies of each new protocol, and moving the hard work of
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 1]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   parsing to the XML toolset.  The use of XML also mitigates concerns
+   over "network vs. host" byte ordering which is at the root of many
+   network application bugs.
+
+1.3. Relation to Existing Protocols
+
+   The reformulations specified in this RFC follow as closely as
+   possible the spirit of the RFCs on which they are based, and so MAY
+   contain elements or attributes that would not be needed in a pure
+   reworking (e.g. length attributes, which are implicit in XML.)
+
+   The layering of network and transport protocols are maintained in
+   this RFC despite the optimizations that could be made if the line
+   were somewhat blurred (i.e. merging TCP and IP into a single, larger
+   element in the DTD) in order to foster future use of this protocol as
+   a basis for reformulating other protocols (such as ICMP.)
+
+   Other than the encoding, the behavioral aspects of each of the
+   existing protocols remain unchanged.  Routing, address spaces, TCP
+   congestion control, etc. behave as specified in the extant standards.
+   Adapting to new standards and experimental algorithm heuristics for
+   improving performance will become much easier once the move to BLOAT
+   has been completed.
+
+1.4. Requirement Levels
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
+   [RFC2119].
+
+2.   IPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.
+   IPoXML is the root protocol REQUIRED for effective use of TCPoXML
+   (section 3.) and higher-level application protocols.
+
+   The DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.1.
+
+   The routing of IPoXML can be easily implemented on hosts with an XML
+   parser, as the regular structure lends itself handily to parsing and
+   validation of the document/datagram and then processing the
+   destination address, TTL, and checksum before sending it on to its
+   next-hop.
+
+   The reformulation of IPv4 was chosen over IPv6 [RFC2460] due to the
+   wider deployment of IPv4 and the fact that implementing IPv6 as XML
+   would have exceeded the 1500 byte Ethernet MTU.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 2]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   All BLOAT implementations MUST use - and specify - the UTF-8 encoding
+   of RFC 2279 [RFC2279].  All BLOAT document/datagrams MUST be well-
+   formed and include the XMLDecl.
+
+2.1. IP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed (for the better) from the original IP
+   specification.  Bit-masks, where present have been converted into
+   human-readable values.  IP addresses are listed in their dotted-
+   decimal notation [RFC1123].  Length and checksum values are present
+   as decimal integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the IP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used.  The canonical form
+   SHALL have no whitespace (including newline characters) between
+   elements and only one space character between attributes.  There
+   SHALL NOT be a space following the last attribute in an element.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums, as the
+   length field will vary based on the size of the checksum.
+
+   The payload element bears special attention.  Due to the character
+   set restrictions of XML, the payload of IP datagrams (which MAY
+   contain arbitrary data) MUST be encoded for transport. This RFC
+   REQUIRES the contents of the payload to be encoded in the base-64
+   encoding of RFC 2045 [RFC2045], but removes the requirement that the
+   encoded output MUST be wrapped on 76-character lines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 3]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+2.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example IPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <ip>
+   <header length="474">
+   <version value="4"/>
+   <tos precedence="Routine" delay="Normal" throughput="Normal"
+        relibility="Normal" reserved="0"/>
+   <total.length value="461"/>
+   <id value="1"/>
+   <flags reserved="0" df="dont" mf="last"/>
+   <offset value="0"/>
+   <ttl value="255"/>
+   <protocol value="6"/>
+   <checksum value="8707"/>
+   <source address="10.0.0.22"/>
+   <destination address="10.0.0.1"/>
+   <options>
+   <end copied="0" class="0" number="0"/>
+   </options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </ip>
+
+3.   TCPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.2.
+
+3.1. TCP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original TCP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the TCP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in
+   section 2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 4]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   The TCP offset element was expanded to a maximum of 255 from 16 to
+   allow for the increased size of the header in XML.
+
+   TCPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+3.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example TCPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <tcp>
+   <tcp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <sequence number="322622954"/>
+   <acknowledgement number="689715995"/>
+   <offset number=""/>
+   <reserved value="0"/>
+   <control syn="1" ack="1"/>
+   <window size="1"/>
+   <urgent pointer="0"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   <tcp.options>
+   <tcp.end kind="0"/>
+   </tcp.options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </tcp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </tcp>
+
+4.   UDPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.3.
+
+4.1. UDP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original UDP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 5]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the UDP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.  An
+   iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in section
+   2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+   UDPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+4.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example UDPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <udp>
+   <udp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <udp.length value="143"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   </udp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </udp>
+
+5.   Network Transport
+
+   This document provides for the transmission of BLOAT datagrams over
+   two common families of physical layer transport.  Future RFCs will
+   address additional transports as routing vendors catch up to the
+   specification, and we begin to see BLOAT routed across the Internet
+   backbone.
+
+5.1. Ethernet
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in Ethernet datagrams as in [RFC894] with the
+   exception that the type field of the Ethernet frame MUST contain the
+   value 0xBEEF.  The first 5 octets of the Ethernet frame payload will
+   be 0x3c 3f 78 6d 6c ("<?xml".)
+
+5.2. IEEE 802
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in IEEE 802 Networks as in [RFC1042] except
+   that the protocol type code for IPoXML is 0xBEEF.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 6]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+6. Gatewaying over IP
+
+   In order to facilitate the gradual introduction of BLOAT into the
+   public Internet, BLOAT MAY be encapsulated in IP as in [RFC2003] to
+   gateway between networks that run BLOAT natively on their LANs.
+
+7. DTDs
+
+   The Transport DTDs (7.2. and 7.3.) build on the definitions in the
+   Network DTD (7.1.)
+
+   The DTDs are referenced by their PubidLiteral and SystemLiteral (from
+   [XML]) although it is understood that most IPoXML implementations
+   will not need to pull down the DTD, as it will normally be embedded
+   in the implementation, and presents something of a catch-22 if you
+   need to load part of your network protocol over the network.
+
+7.1.  IPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+    DTD for IP over XML.
+    Refer to this DTD as:
+
+    <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+   <!--
+    DTD data types:
+
+      Digits      [0..9]+
+
+      Precedence  "NetworkControl | InternetworkControl |
+                   CRITIC | FlashOverride | Flash | Immediate |
+                   Priority | Routine"
+
+      IP4Addr     "dotted-decimal" notation of [RFC1123]
+
+      Class       [0..3]
+
+      Sec          "Unclassified | Confidential | EFTO | MMMM | PROG |
+                    Restricted | Secret | Top Secret | Reserved"
+
+      Compartments [0..65535]
+
+      Handling     [0..65535]
+
+      TCC          [0..16777216]
+
+   -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 7]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ENTITY % Digits "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Precedence "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % IP4Addr "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Class "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Sec "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Compartments "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Handling "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % TCC "CDATA">
+
+   <!ELEMENT ip (header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT header (version, tos, total.length, id, flags, offset, ttl,
+                    protocol, checksum, source, destination, options,
+                    padding)>
+   <!-- length of header in 32-bit words -->
+   <!ATTLIST header
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT version EMPTY>
+   <!-- ip version. SHOULD be "4" -->
+   <!ATTLIST version
+             value   %Digits;  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tos EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tos
+             precedence   %Precedence;    #REQUIRED
+             delay    (normal | low)  #REQUIRED
+             throughput   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             relibility   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             reserved     CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT total.length EMPTY>
+   <!--
+    total length of datagram (header and payload) in octets, MUST be
+    less than 65,535 (and SHOULD be less than 1024 for IPoXML on local
+    ethernets).
+   -->
+   <!ATTLIST total.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT id EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535  -->
+   <!ATTLIST id
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT flags EMPTY>
+   <!-- df = don't fragment, mf = more fragments  -->
+   <!ATTLIST flags
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 8]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+          reserved CDATA  #FIXED "0"
+          df (may|dont)   #REQUIRED
+          mf (last|more)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= offset <= 8192 measured in 8 octet (64-bit) chunks -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT ttl EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= ttl <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST ttl
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT protocol EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= protocol <= 255 (per IANA) -->
+   <!ATTLIST protocol
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT checksum EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= checksum <= 65535 (over header only) -->
+   <!ATTLIST checksum
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT source EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST source
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT destination EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST destination
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT options ( end | noop | security | loose | strict | record
+                     | stream | timestamp )*>
+
+   <!ELEMENT end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST end
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST noop
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT security EMPTY>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 9]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST security
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "11"
+             security %Sec; #REQUIRED
+             compartments %Compartments; #REQUIRED
+             handling %Handling; #REQUIRED
+             tcc %TCC; #REQUIRED>
+   <!ELEMENT loose (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST loose
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "3"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT hop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST hop
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT strict (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST strict
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "9"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT record (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST record
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "7"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT stream EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST stream
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "8"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             id %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT timestamp (tstamp)+>
+   <!-- 0 <= oflw <=15 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 10]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST timestamp
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             length %Digits;  #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             oflw %Digits;    #REQUIRED
+             flag (0 | 1 | 3)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tstamp EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tstamp
+             time %Digits;   #REQUIRED
+             address %IP4Addr; #IMPLIED>
+   <!--
+       padding to bring header to 32-bit boundary.
+       pad MUST be "0"*
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT padding EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST padding
+             pad CDATA #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!-- payload MUST be encoded as base-64 [RFC2045], as modified
+        by section 2.1 of this RFC -->
+   <!ELEMENT payload (CDATA)>
+
+7.2.  TCPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for TCP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!-- the pseudoheader is only included for checksum calculations -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp (tcp.pseudoheader?, tcp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.header (src, dest, sequence, acknowledgement, offset,
+                         reserved, control, window, checksum, urgent,
+                         tcp.options, padding)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT src EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST src
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT dest EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 11]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST dest
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT sequence EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST sequence
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT acknowledgement EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST acknowledgement
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT reserved EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST reserved
+             value CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT control EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST control
+             urg (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             ack (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             psh (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             rst (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             syn (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             fin (0|1) #IMPLIED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT window EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= size <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST window
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!--
+      checksum as in ip, but with
+      the following pseudo-header added into the tcp element:
+     -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               tcp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      tcp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 12]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT urgent EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= pointer <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST urgent
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.options (tcp.end | tcp.noop | tcp.mss)+>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.end
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.noop
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.mss EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.mss
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+7.3.  UDPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for UDP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp (udp.pseudoheader?, udp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.header (src, dest, udp.length, checksum)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               udp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      udp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT udp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST udp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 13]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+8. Security Considerations
+
+   XML, as a subset of SGML, has the same security considerations as
+   specified in SGML Media Types [RFC1874].  Security considerations
+   that apply to IP, TCP and UDP also likely apply to BLOAT as it does
+   not attempt to correct for issues not related to message format.
+
+9.   References
+
+   [JABBER]    Miller, J., "Jabber", draft-miller-jabber-00.txt,
+               February 2002. (Work in Progress)
+
+   [RFC768]    Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
+               August 1980.
+
+   [RFC791]    Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
+               September 1981.
+
+   [RFC793]    Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC
+               793, September 1981.
+
+   [RFC894]    Hornig, C., "Standard for the Transmission of IP
+               Datagrams over Ethernet Networks.", RFC 894, April 1984.
+
+   [RFC1042]   Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Standard for the
+               Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802 Networks", STD
+               43, RFC 1042, February 1988.
+
+   [RFC1123]   Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
+               Application and Support", RFC 1123, October 1989.
+
+   [RFC1874]   Levinson, E., "SGML Media Types", RFC 1874, December
+               1995.
+
+   [RFC2003]   Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003,
+               October 1996.
+
+   [RFC2045]   Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
+               Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
+               Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
+
+   [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+
+   [RFC2279]   Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
+               10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 14]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   [RFC2460]   Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
+               (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
+
+   [RFC3080]   Rose, M., "The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core",
+               RFC 3080, March 2001.
+
+   [SOAP]      Box, D., Ehnebuske, D., Kakivaya, G., Layman, A.,
+               Mendelsohn, N., Nielsen, H. F., Thatte, S. Winer, D.,
+               "Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1" World Wide Web
+               Consortium Note, May 2000 http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/
+
+   [XML]       Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., "Extensible
+               Markup Language (XML)" World Wide Web Consortium
+               Recommendation REC- xml-19980210.
+               http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210
+
+10.  Author's Address
+
+   Hugh Kennedy
+   Mimezine
+   1060 West Addison
+   Chicago, IL 60613
+   USA
+
+   EMail: kennedyh@engin.umich.edu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 15]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+11.  Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
+   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
+   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
+   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
+   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
+   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
+   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
+   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
+   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
+   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
+   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
+   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
+   English.
+
+   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
+   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
+
+   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
+   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
+   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
+   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
+   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Acknowledgement
+
+   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
+   Internet Society.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 16]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Network Working Group                                         H. Kennedy
+Request for Comments: 3252                                      Mimezine
+Category: Informational                                     1 April 2002
+
+
+                 Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
+   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
+   memo is unlimited.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Abstract
+
+   This document defines a reformulation of IP and two transport layer
+   protocols (TCP and UDP) as XML applications.
+
+1.   Introduction
+
+1.1. Overview
+
+   This document describes the Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+   (BLOAT): a reformulation of a widely-deployed network-layer protocol
+   (IP [RFC791]), and two associated transport layer protocols (TCP
+   [RFC793] and UDP [RFC768]) as XML [XML] applications.  It also
+   describes methods for transporting BLOAT over Ethernet and IEEE 802
+   networks as well as encapsulating BLOAT in IP for gatewaying BLOAT
+   across the public Internet.
+
+1.2. Motivation
+
+   The wild popularity of XML as a basis for application-level protocols
+   such as the Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol [RFC3080], the Simple
+   Object Access Protocol [SOAP], and Jabber [JABBER] prompted
+   investigation into the possibility of extending the use of XML in the
+   protocol stack.  Using XML at both the transport and network layer in
+   addition to the application layer would provide for an amazing amount
+   of power and flexibility while removing dependencies on proprietary
+   and hard-to-understand binary protocols.  This protocol unification
+   would also allow applications to use a single XML parser for all
+   aspects of their operation, eliminating developer time spent figuring
+   out the intricacies of each new protocol, and moving the hard work of
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 1]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   parsing to the XML toolset.  The use of XML also mitigates concerns
+   over "network vs. host" byte ordering which is at the root of many
+   network application bugs.
+
+1.3. Relation to Existing Protocols
+
+   The reformulations specified in this RFC follow as closely as
+   possible the spirit of the RFCs on which they are based, and so MAY
+   contain elements or attributes that would not be needed in a pure
+   reworking (e.g. length attributes, which are implicit in XML.)
+
+   The layering of network and transport protocols are maintained in
+   this RFC despite the optimizations that could be made if the line
+   were somewhat blurred (i.e. merging TCP and IP into a single, larger
+   element in the DTD) in order to foster future use of this protocol as
+   a basis for reformulating other protocols (such as ICMP.)
+
+   Other than the encoding, the behavioral aspects of each of the
+   existing protocols remain unchanged.  Routing, address spaces, TCP
+   congestion control, etc. behave as specified in the extant standards.
+   Adapting to new standards and experimental algorithm heuristics for
+   improving performance will become much easier once the move to BLOAT
+   has been completed.
+
+1.4. Requirement Levels
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
+   [RFC2119].
+
+2.   IPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.
+   IPoXML is the root protocol REQUIRED for effective use of TCPoXML
+   (section 3.) and higher-level application protocols.
+
+   The DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.1.
+
+   The routing of IPoXML can be easily implemented on hosts with an XML
+   parser, as the regular structure lends itself handily to parsing and
+   validation of the document/datagram and then processing the
+   destination address, TTL, and checksum before sending it on to its
+   next-hop.
+
+   The reformulation of IPv4 was chosen over IPv6 [RFC2460] due to the
+   wider deployment of IPv4 and the fact that implementing IPv6 as XML
+   would have exceeded the 1500 byte Ethernet MTU.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 2]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   All BLOAT implementations MUST use - and specify - the UTF-8 encoding
+   of RFC 2279 [RFC2279].  All BLOAT document/datagrams MUST be well-
+   formed and include the XMLDecl.
+
+2.1. IP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed (for the better) from the original IP
+   specification.  Bit-masks, where present have been converted into
+   human-readable values.  IP addresses are listed in their dotted-
+   decimal notation [RFC1123].  Length and checksum values are present
+   as decimal integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the IP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used.  The canonical form
+   SHALL have no whitespace (including newline characters) between
+   elements and only one space character between attributes.  There
+   SHALL NOT be a space following the last attribute in an element.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums, as the
+   length field will vary based on the size of the checksum.
+
+   The payload element bears special attention.  Due to the character
+   set restrictions of XML, the payload of IP datagrams (which MAY
+   contain arbitrary data) MUST be encoded for transport. This RFC
+   REQUIRES the contents of the payload to be encoded in the base-64
+   encoding of RFC 2045 [RFC2045], but removes the requirement that the
+   encoded output MUST be wrapped on 76-character lines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 3]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+2.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example IPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <ip>
+   <header length="474">
+   <version value="4"/>
+   <tos precedence="Routine" delay="Normal" throughput="Normal"
+        relibility="Normal" reserved="0"/>
+   <total.length value="461"/>
+   <id value="1"/>
+   <flags reserved="0" df="dont" mf="last"/>
+   <offset value="0"/>
+   <ttl value="255"/>
+   <protocol value="6"/>
+   <checksum value="8707"/>
+   <source address="10.0.0.22"/>
+   <destination address="10.0.0.1"/>
+   <options>
+   <end copied="0" class="0" number="0"/>
+   </options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </ip>
+
+3.   TCPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.2.
+
+3.1. TCP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original TCP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the TCP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in
+   section 2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 4]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   The TCP offset element was expanded to a maximum of 255 from 16 to
+   allow for the increased size of the header in XML.
+
+   TCPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+3.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example TCPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <tcp>
+   <tcp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <sequence number="322622954"/>
+   <acknowledgement number="689715995"/>
+   <offset number=""/>
+   <reserved value="0"/>
+   <control syn="1" ack="1"/>
+   <window size="1"/>
+   <urgent pointer="0"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   <tcp.options>
+   <tcp.end kind="0"/>
+   </tcp.options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </tcp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </tcp>
+
+4.   UDPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.3.
+
+4.1. UDP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original UDP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 5]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the UDP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.  An
+   iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in section
+   2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+   UDPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+4.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example UDPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <udp>
+   <udp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <udp.length value="143"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   </udp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </udp>
+
+5.   Network Transport
+
+   This document provides for the transmission of BLOAT datagrams over
+   two common families of physical layer transport.  Future RFCs will
+   address additional transports as routing vendors catch up to the
+   specification, and we begin to see BLOAT routed across the Internet
+   backbone.
+
+5.1. Ethernet
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in Ethernet datagrams as in [RFC894] with the
+   exception that the type field of the Ethernet frame MUST contain the
+   value 0xBEEF.  The first 5 octets of the Ethernet frame payload will
+   be 0x3c 3f 78 6d 6c ("<?xml".)
+
+5.2. IEEE 802
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in IEEE 802 Networks as in [RFC1042] except
+   that the protocol type code for IPoXML is 0xBEEF.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 6]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+6. Gatewaying over IP
+
+   In order to facilitate the gradual introduction of BLOAT into the
+   public Internet, BLOAT MAY be encapsulated in IP as in [RFC2003] to
+   gateway between networks that run BLOAT natively on their LANs.
+
+7. DTDs
+
+   The Transport DTDs (7.2. and 7.3.) build on the definitions in the
+   Network DTD (7.1.)
+
+   The DTDs are referenced by their PubidLiteral and SystemLiteral (from
+   [XML]) although it is understood that most IPoXML implementations
+   will not need to pull down the DTD, as it will normally be embedded
+   in the implementation, and presents something of a catch-22 if you
+   need to load part of your network protocol over the network.
+
+7.1.  IPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+    DTD for IP over XML.
+    Refer to this DTD as:
+
+    <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+   <!--
+    DTD data types:
+
+      Digits      [0..9]+
+
+      Precedence  "NetworkControl | InternetworkControl |
+                   CRITIC | FlashOverride | Flash | Immediate |
+                   Priority | Routine"
+
+      IP4Addr     "dotted-decimal" notation of [RFC1123]
+
+      Class       [0..3]
+
+      Sec          "Unclassified | Confidential | EFTO | MMMM | PROG |
+                    Restricted | Secret | Top Secret | Reserved"
+
+      Compartments [0..65535]
+
+      Handling     [0..65535]
+
+      TCC          [0..16777216]
+
+   -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 7]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ENTITY % Digits "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Precedence "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % IP4Addr "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Class "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Sec "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Compartments "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Handling "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % TCC "CDATA">
+
+   <!ELEMENT ip (header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT header (version, tos, total.length, id, flags, offset, ttl,
+                    protocol, checksum, source, destination, options,
+                    padding)>
+   <!-- length of header in 32-bit words -->
+   <!ATTLIST header
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT version EMPTY>
+   <!-- ip version. SHOULD be "4" -->
+   <!ATTLIST version
+             value   %Digits;  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tos EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tos
+             precedence   %Precedence;    #REQUIRED
+             delay    (normal | low)  #REQUIRED
+             throughput   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             relibility   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             reserved     CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT total.length EMPTY>
+   <!--
+    total length of datagram (header and payload) in octets, MUST be
+    less than 65,535 (and SHOULD be less than 1024 for IPoXML on local
+    ethernets).
+   -->
+   <!ATTLIST total.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT id EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535  -->
+   <!ATTLIST id
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT flags EMPTY>
+   <!-- df = don't fragment, mf = more fragments  -->
+   <!ATTLIST flags
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 8]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+          reserved CDATA  #FIXED "0"
+          df (may|dont)   #REQUIRED
+          mf (last|more)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= offset <= 8192 measured in 8 octet (64-bit) chunks -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT ttl EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= ttl <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST ttl
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT protocol EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= protocol <= 255 (per IANA) -->
+   <!ATTLIST protocol
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT checksum EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= checksum <= 65535 (over header only) -->
+   <!ATTLIST checksum
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT source EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST source
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT destination EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST destination
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT options ( end | noop | security | loose | strict | record
+                     | stream | timestamp )*>
+
+   <!ELEMENT end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST end
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST noop
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT security EMPTY>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 9]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST security
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "11"
+             security %Sec; #REQUIRED
+             compartments %Compartments; #REQUIRED
+             handling %Handling; #REQUIRED
+             tcc %TCC; #REQUIRED>
+   <!ELEMENT loose (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST loose
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "3"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT hop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST hop
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT strict (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST strict
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "9"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT record (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST record
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "7"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT stream EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST stream
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "8"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             id %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT timestamp (tstamp)+>
+   <!-- 0 <= oflw <=15 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 10]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST timestamp
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             length %Digits;  #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             oflw %Digits;    #REQUIRED
+             flag (0 | 1 | 3)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tstamp EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tstamp
+             time %Digits;   #REQUIRED
+             address %IP4Addr; #IMPLIED>
+   <!--
+       padding to bring header to 32-bit boundary.
+       pad MUST be "0"*
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT padding EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST padding
+             pad CDATA #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!-- payload MUST be encoded as base-64 [RFC2045], as modified
+        by section 2.1 of this RFC -->
+   <!ELEMENT payload (CDATA)>
+
+7.2.  TCPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for TCP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!-- the pseudoheader is only included for checksum calculations -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp (tcp.pseudoheader?, tcp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.header (src, dest, sequence, acknowledgement, offset,
+                         reserved, control, window, checksum, urgent,
+                         tcp.options, padding)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT src EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST src
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT dest EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 11]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST dest
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT sequence EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST sequence
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT acknowledgement EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST acknowledgement
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT reserved EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST reserved
+             value CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT control EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST control
+             urg (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             ack (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             psh (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             rst (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             syn (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             fin (0|1) #IMPLIED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT window EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= size <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST window
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!--
+      checksum as in ip, but with
+      the following pseudo-header added into the tcp element:
+     -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               tcp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      tcp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 12]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT urgent EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= pointer <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST urgent
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.options (tcp.end | tcp.noop | tcp.mss)+>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.end
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.noop
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.mss EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.mss
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+7.3.  UDPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for UDP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp (udp.pseudoheader?, udp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.header (src, dest, udp.length, checksum)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               udp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      udp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT udp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST udp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 13]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+8. Security Considerations
+
+   XML, as a subset of SGML, has the same security considerations as
+   specified in SGML Media Types [RFC1874].  Security considerations
+   that apply to IP, TCP and UDP also likely apply to BLOAT as it does
+   not attempt to correct for issues not related to message format.
+
+9.   References
+
+   [JABBER]    Miller, J., "Jabber", draft-miller-jabber-00.txt,
+               February 2002. (Work in Progress)
+
+   [RFC768]    Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
+               August 1980.
+
+   [RFC791]    Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
+               September 1981.
+
+   [RFC793]    Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC
+               793, September 1981.
+
+   [RFC894]    Hornig, C., "Standard for the Transmission of IP
+               Datagrams over Ethernet Networks.", RFC 894, April 1984.
+
+   [RFC1042]   Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Standard for the
+               Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802 Networks", STD
+               43, RFC 1042, February 1988.
+
+   [RFC1123]   Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
+               Application and Support", RFC 1123, October 1989.
+
+   [RFC1874]   Levinson, E., "SGML Media Types", RFC 1874, December
+               1995.
+
+   [RFC2003]   Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003,
+               October 1996.
+
+   [RFC2045]   Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
+               Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
+               Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
+
+   [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+
+   [RFC2279]   Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
+               10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 14]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   [RFC2460]   Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
+               (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
+
+   [RFC3080]   Rose, M., "The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core",
+               RFC 3080, March 2001.
+
+   [SOAP]      Box, D., Ehnebuske, D., Kakivaya, G., Layman, A.,
+               Mendelsohn, N., Nielsen, H. F., Thatte, S. Winer, D.,
+               "Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1" World Wide Web
+               Consortium Note, May 2000 http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/
+
+   [XML]       Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., "Extensible
+               Markup Language (XML)" World Wide Web Consortium
+               Recommendation REC- xml-19980210.
+               http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210
+
+10.  Author's Address
+
+   Hugh Kennedy
+   Mimezine
+   1060 West Addison
+   Chicago, IL 60613
+   USA
+
+   EMail: kennedyh@engin.umich.edu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 15]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+11.  Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
+   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
+   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
+   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
+   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
+   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
+   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
+   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
+   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
+   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
+   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
+   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
+   English.
+
+   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
+   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
+
+   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
+   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
+   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
+   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
+   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Acknowledgement
+
+   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
+   Internet Society.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 16]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Network Working Group                                         H. Kennedy
+Request for Comments: 3252                                      Mimezine
+Category: Informational                                     1 April 2002
+
+
+                 Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
+   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
+   memo is unlimited.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Abstract
+
+   This document defines a reformulation of IP and two transport layer
+   protocols (TCP and UDP) as XML applications.
+
+1.   Introduction
+
+1.1. Overview
+
+   This document describes the Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+   (BLOAT): a reformulation of a widely-deployed network-layer protocol
+   (IP [RFC791]), and two associated transport layer protocols (TCP
+   [RFC793] and UDP [RFC768]) as XML [XML] applications.  It also
+   describes methods for transporting BLOAT over Ethernet and IEEE 802
+   networks as well as encapsulating BLOAT in IP for gatewaying BLOAT
+   across the public Internet.
+
+1.2. Motivation
+
+   The wild popularity of XML as a basis for application-level protocols
+   such as the Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol [RFC3080], the Simple
+   Object Access Protocol [SOAP], and Jabber [JABBER] prompted
+   investigation into the possibility of extending the use of XML in the
+   protocol stack.  Using XML at both the transport and network layer in
+   addition to the application layer would provide for an amazing amount
+   of power and flexibility while removing dependencies on proprietary
+   and hard-to-understand binary protocols.  This protocol unification
+   would also allow applications to use a single XML parser for all
+   aspects of their operation, eliminating developer time spent figuring
+   out the intricacies of each new protocol, and moving the hard work of
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 1]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   parsing to the XML toolset.  The use of XML also mitigates concerns
+   over "network vs. host" byte ordering which is at the root of many
+   network application bugs.
+
+1.3. Relation to Existing Protocols
+
+   The reformulations specified in this RFC follow as closely as
+   possible the spirit of the RFCs on which they are based, and so MAY
+   contain elements or attributes that would not be needed in a pure
+   reworking (e.g. length attributes, which are implicit in XML.)
+
+   The layering of network and transport protocols are maintained in
+   this RFC despite the optimizations that could be made if the line
+   were somewhat blurred (i.e. merging TCP and IP into a single, larger
+   element in the DTD) in order to foster future use of this protocol as
+   a basis for reformulating other protocols (such as ICMP.)
+
+   Other than the encoding, the behavioral aspects of each of the
+   existing protocols remain unchanged.  Routing, address spaces, TCP
+   congestion control, etc. behave as specified in the extant standards.
+   Adapting to new standards and experimental algorithm heuristics for
+   improving performance will become much easier once the move to BLOAT
+   has been completed.
+
+1.4. Requirement Levels
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
+   [RFC2119].
+
+2.   IPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.
+   IPoXML is the root protocol REQUIRED for effective use of TCPoXML
+   (section 3.) and higher-level application protocols.
+
+   The DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.1.
+
+   The routing of IPoXML can be easily implemented on hosts with an XML
+   parser, as the regular structure lends itself handily to parsing and
+   validation of the document/datagram and then processing the
+   destination address, TTL, and checksum before sending it on to its
+   next-hop.
+
+   The reformulation of IPv4 was chosen over IPv6 [RFC2460] due to the
+   wider deployment of IPv4 and the fact that implementing IPv6 as XML
+   would have exceeded the 1500 byte Ethernet MTU.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 2]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   All BLOAT implementations MUST use - and specify - the UTF-8 encoding
+   of RFC 2279 [RFC2279].  All BLOAT document/datagrams MUST be well-
+   formed and include the XMLDecl.
+
+2.1. IP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed (for the better) from the original IP
+   specification.  Bit-masks, where present have been converted into
+   human-readable values.  IP addresses are listed in their dotted-
+   decimal notation [RFC1123].  Length and checksum values are present
+   as decimal integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the IP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used.  The canonical form
+   SHALL have no whitespace (including newline characters) between
+   elements and only one space character between attributes.  There
+   SHALL NOT be a space following the last attribute in an element.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums, as the
+   length field will vary based on the size of the checksum.
+
+   The payload element bears special attention.  Due to the character
+   set restrictions of XML, the payload of IP datagrams (which MAY
+   contain arbitrary data) MUST be encoded for transport. This RFC
+   REQUIRES the contents of the payload to be encoded in the base-64
+   encoding of RFC 2045 [RFC2045], but removes the requirement that the
+   encoded output MUST be wrapped on 76-character lines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 3]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+2.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example IPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <ip>
+   <header length="474">
+   <version value="4"/>
+   <tos precedence="Routine" delay="Normal" throughput="Normal"
+        relibility="Normal" reserved="0"/>
+   <total.length value="461"/>
+   <id value="1"/>
+   <flags reserved="0" df="dont" mf="last"/>
+   <offset value="0"/>
+   <ttl value="255"/>
+   <protocol value="6"/>
+   <checksum value="8707"/>
+   <source address="10.0.0.22"/>
+   <destination address="10.0.0.1"/>
+   <options>
+   <end copied="0" class="0" number="0"/>
+   </options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </ip>
+
+3.   TCPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.2.
+
+3.1. TCP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original TCP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the TCP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in
+   section 2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 4]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   The TCP offset element was expanded to a maximum of 255 from 16 to
+   allow for the increased size of the header in XML.
+
+   TCPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+3.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example TCPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <tcp>
+   <tcp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <sequence number="322622954"/>
+   <acknowledgement number="689715995"/>
+   <offset number=""/>
+   <reserved value="0"/>
+   <control syn="1" ack="1"/>
+   <window size="1"/>
+   <urgent pointer="0"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   <tcp.options>
+   <tcp.end kind="0"/>
+   </tcp.options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </tcp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </tcp>
+
+4.   UDPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.3.
+
+4.1. UDP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original UDP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 5]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the UDP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.  An
+   iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in section
+   2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+   UDPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+4.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example UDPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <udp>
+   <udp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <udp.length value="143"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   </udp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </udp>
+
+5.   Network Transport
+
+   This document provides for the transmission of BLOAT datagrams over
+   two common families of physical layer transport.  Future RFCs will
+   address additional transports as routing vendors catch up to the
+   specification, and we begin to see BLOAT routed across the Internet
+   backbone.
+
+5.1. Ethernet
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in Ethernet datagrams as in [RFC894] with the
+   exception that the type field of the Ethernet frame MUST contain the
+   value 0xBEEF.  The first 5 octets of the Ethernet frame payload will
+   be 0x3c 3f 78 6d 6c ("<?xml".)
+
+5.2. IEEE 802
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in IEEE 802 Networks as in [RFC1042] except
+   that the protocol type code for IPoXML is 0xBEEF.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 6]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+6. Gatewaying over IP
+
+   In order to facilitate the gradual introduction of BLOAT into the
+   public Internet, BLOAT MAY be encapsulated in IP as in [RFC2003] to
+   gateway between networks that run BLOAT natively on their LANs.
+
+7. DTDs
+
+   The Transport DTDs (7.2. and 7.3.) build on the definitions in the
+   Network DTD (7.1.)
+
+   The DTDs are referenced by their PubidLiteral and SystemLiteral (from
+   [XML]) although it is understood that most IPoXML implementations
+   will not need to pull down the DTD, as it will normally be embedded
+   in the implementation, and presents something of a catch-22 if you
+   need to load part of your network protocol over the network.
+
+7.1.  IPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+    DTD for IP over XML.
+    Refer to this DTD as:
+
+    <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+   <!--
+    DTD data types:
+
+      Digits      [0..9]+
+
+      Precedence  "NetworkControl | InternetworkControl |
+                   CRITIC | FlashOverride | Flash | Immediate |
+                   Priority | Routine"
+
+      IP4Addr     "dotted-decimal" notation of [RFC1123]
+
+      Class       [0..3]
+
+      Sec          "Unclassified | Confidential | EFTO | MMMM | PROG |
+                    Restricted | Secret | Top Secret | Reserved"
+
+      Compartments [0..65535]
+
+      Handling     [0..65535]
+
+      TCC          [0..16777216]
+
+   -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 7]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ENTITY % Digits "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Precedence "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % IP4Addr "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Class "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Sec "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Compartments "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Handling "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % TCC "CDATA">
+
+   <!ELEMENT ip (header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT header (version, tos, total.length, id, flags, offset, ttl,
+                    protocol, checksum, source, destination, options,
+                    padding)>
+   <!-- length of header in 32-bit words -->
+   <!ATTLIST header
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT version EMPTY>
+   <!-- ip version. SHOULD be "4" -->
+   <!ATTLIST version
+             value   %Digits;  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tos EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tos
+             precedence   %Precedence;    #REQUIRED
+             delay    (normal | low)  #REQUIRED
+             throughput   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             relibility   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             reserved     CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT total.length EMPTY>
+   <!--
+    total length of datagram (header and payload) in octets, MUST be
+    less than 65,535 (and SHOULD be less than 1024 for IPoXML on local
+    ethernets).
+   -->
+   <!ATTLIST total.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT id EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535  -->
+   <!ATTLIST id
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT flags EMPTY>
+   <!-- df = don't fragment, mf = more fragments  -->
+   <!ATTLIST flags
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 8]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+          reserved CDATA  #FIXED "0"
+          df (may|dont)   #REQUIRED
+          mf (last|more)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= offset <= 8192 measured in 8 octet (64-bit) chunks -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT ttl EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= ttl <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST ttl
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT protocol EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= protocol <= 255 (per IANA) -->
+   <!ATTLIST protocol
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT checksum EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= checksum <= 65535 (over header only) -->
+   <!ATTLIST checksum
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT source EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST source
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT destination EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST destination
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT options ( end | noop | security | loose | strict | record
+                     | stream | timestamp )*>
+
+   <!ELEMENT end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST end
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST noop
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT security EMPTY>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 9]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST security
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "11"
+             security %Sec; #REQUIRED
+             compartments %Compartments; #REQUIRED
+             handling %Handling; #REQUIRED
+             tcc %TCC; #REQUIRED>
+   <!ELEMENT loose (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST loose
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "3"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT hop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST hop
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT strict (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST strict
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "9"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT record (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST record
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "7"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT stream EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST stream
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "8"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             id %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT timestamp (tstamp)+>
+   <!-- 0 <= oflw <=15 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 10]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST timestamp
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             length %Digits;  #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             oflw %Digits;    #REQUIRED
+             flag (0 | 1 | 3)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tstamp EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tstamp
+             time %Digits;   #REQUIRED
+             address %IP4Addr; #IMPLIED>
+   <!--
+       padding to bring header to 32-bit boundary.
+       pad MUST be "0"*
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT padding EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST padding
+             pad CDATA #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!-- payload MUST be encoded as base-64 [RFC2045], as modified
+        by section 2.1 of this RFC -->
+   <!ELEMENT payload (CDATA)>
+
+7.2.  TCPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for TCP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!-- the pseudoheader is only included for checksum calculations -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp (tcp.pseudoheader?, tcp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.header (src, dest, sequence, acknowledgement, offset,
+                         reserved, control, window, checksum, urgent,
+                         tcp.options, padding)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT src EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST src
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT dest EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 11]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST dest
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT sequence EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST sequence
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT acknowledgement EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST acknowledgement
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT reserved EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST reserved
+             value CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT control EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST control
+             urg (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             ack (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             psh (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             rst (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             syn (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             fin (0|1) #IMPLIED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT window EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= size <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST window
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!--
+      checksum as in ip, but with
+      the following pseudo-header added into the tcp element:
+     -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               tcp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      tcp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 12]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT urgent EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= pointer <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST urgent
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.options (tcp.end | tcp.noop | tcp.mss)+>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.end
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.noop
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.mss EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.mss
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+7.3.  UDPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for UDP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp (udp.pseudoheader?, udp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.header (src, dest, udp.length, checksum)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               udp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      udp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT udp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST udp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 13]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+8. Security Considerations
+
+   XML, as a subset of SGML, has the same security considerations as
+   specified in SGML Media Types [RFC1874].  Security considerations
+   that apply to IP, TCP and UDP also likely apply to BLOAT as it does
+   not attempt to correct for issues not related to message format.
+
+9.   References
+
+   [JABBER]    Miller, J., "Jabber", draft-miller-jabber-00.txt,
+               February 2002. (Work in Progress)
+
+   [RFC768]    Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
+               August 1980.
+
+   [RFC791]    Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
+               September 1981.
+
+   [RFC793]    Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC
+               793, September 1981.
+
+   [RFC894]    Hornig, C., "Standard for the Transmission of IP
+               Datagrams over Ethernet Networks.", RFC 894, April 1984.
+
+   [RFC1042]   Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Standard for the
+               Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802 Networks", STD
+               43, RFC 1042, February 1988.
+
+   [RFC1123]   Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
+               Application and Support", RFC 1123, October 1989.
+
+   [RFC1874]   Levinson, E., "SGML Media Types", RFC 1874, December
+               1995.
+
+   [RFC2003]   Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003,
+               October 1996.
+
+   [RFC2045]   Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
+               Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
+               Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
+
+   [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+
+   [RFC2279]   Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
+               10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 14]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   [RFC2460]   Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
+               (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
+
+   [RFC3080]   Rose, M., "The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core",
+               RFC 3080, March 2001.
+
+   [SOAP]      Box, D., Ehnebuske, D., Kakivaya, G., Layman, A.,
+               Mendelsohn, N., Nielsen, H. F., Thatte, S. Winer, D.,
+               "Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1" World Wide Web
+               Consortium Note, May 2000 http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/
+
+   [XML]       Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., "Extensible
+               Markup Language (XML)" World Wide Web Consortium
+               Recommendation REC- xml-19980210.
+               http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210
+
+10.  Author's Address
+
+   Hugh Kennedy
+   Mimezine
+   1060 West Addison
+   Chicago, IL 60613
+   USA
+
+   EMail: kennedyh@engin.umich.edu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 15]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+11.  Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
+   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
+   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
+   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
+   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
+   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
+   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
+   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
+   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
+   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
+   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
+   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
+   English.
+
+   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
+   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
+
+   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
+   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
+   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
+   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
+   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Acknowledgement
+
+   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
+   Internet Society.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 16]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Network Working Group                                         H. Kennedy
+Request for Comments: 3252                                      Mimezine
+Category: Informational                                     1 April 2002
+
+
+                 Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
+   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
+   memo is unlimited.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Abstract
+
+   This document defines a reformulation of IP and two transport layer
+   protocols (TCP and UDP) as XML applications.
+
+1.   Introduction
+
+1.1. Overview
+
+   This document describes the Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+   (BLOAT): a reformulation of a widely-deployed network-layer protocol
+   (IP [RFC791]), and two associated transport layer protocols (TCP
+   [RFC793] and UDP [RFC768]) as XML [XML] applications.  It also
+   describes methods for transporting BLOAT over Ethernet and IEEE 802
+   networks as well as encapsulating BLOAT in IP for gatewaying BLOAT
+   across the public Internet.
+
+1.2. Motivation
+
+   The wild popularity of XML as a basis for application-level protocols
+   such as the Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol [RFC3080], the Simple
+   Object Access Protocol [SOAP], and Jabber [JABBER] prompted
+   investigation into the possibility of extending the use of XML in the
+   protocol stack.  Using XML at both the transport and network layer in
+   addition to the application layer would provide for an amazing amount
+   of power and flexibility while removing dependencies on proprietary
+   and hard-to-understand binary protocols.  This protocol unification
+   would also allow applications to use a single XML parser for all
+   aspects of their operation, eliminating developer time spent figuring
+   out the intricacies of each new protocol, and moving the hard work of
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 1]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   parsing to the XML toolset.  The use of XML also mitigates concerns
+   over "network vs. host" byte ordering which is at the root of many
+   network application bugs.
+
+1.3. Relation to Existing Protocols
+
+   The reformulations specified in this RFC follow as closely as
+   possible the spirit of the RFCs on which they are based, and so MAY
+   contain elements or attributes that would not be needed in a pure
+   reworking (e.g. length attributes, which are implicit in XML.)
+
+   The layering of network and transport protocols are maintained in
+   this RFC despite the optimizations that could be made if the line
+   were somewhat blurred (i.e. merging TCP and IP into a single, larger
+   element in the DTD) in order to foster future use of this protocol as
+   a basis for reformulating other protocols (such as ICMP.)
+
+   Other than the encoding, the behavioral aspects of each of the
+   existing protocols remain unchanged.  Routing, address spaces, TCP
+   congestion control, etc. behave as specified in the extant standards.
+   Adapting to new standards and experimental algorithm heuristics for
+   improving performance will become much easier once the move to BLOAT
+   has been completed.
+
+1.4. Requirement Levels
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
+   [RFC2119].
+
+2.   IPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.
+   IPoXML is the root protocol REQUIRED for effective use of TCPoXML
+   (section 3.) and higher-level application protocols.
+
+   The DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.1.
+
+   The routing of IPoXML can be easily implemented on hosts with an XML
+   parser, as the regular structure lends itself handily to parsing and
+   validation of the document/datagram and then processing the
+   destination address, TTL, and checksum before sending it on to its
+   next-hop.
+
+   The reformulation of IPv4 was chosen over IPv6 [RFC2460] due to the
+   wider deployment of IPv4 and the fact that implementing IPv6 as XML
+   would have exceeded the 1500 byte Ethernet MTU.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 2]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   All BLOAT implementations MUST use - and specify - the UTF-8 encoding
+   of RFC 2279 [RFC2279].  All BLOAT document/datagrams MUST be well-
+   formed and include the XMLDecl.
+
+2.1. IP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed (for the better) from the original IP
+   specification.  Bit-masks, where present have been converted into
+   human-readable values.  IP addresses are listed in their dotted-
+   decimal notation [RFC1123].  Length and checksum values are present
+   as decimal integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the IP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used.  The canonical form
+   SHALL have no whitespace (including newline characters) between
+   elements and only one space character between attributes.  There
+   SHALL NOT be a space following the last attribute in an element.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums, as the
+   length field will vary based on the size of the checksum.
+
+   The payload element bears special attention.  Due to the character
+   set restrictions of XML, the payload of IP datagrams (which MAY
+   contain arbitrary data) MUST be encoded for transport. This RFC
+   REQUIRES the contents of the payload to be encoded in the base-64
+   encoding of RFC 2045 [RFC2045], but removes the requirement that the
+   encoded output MUST be wrapped on 76-character lines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 3]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+2.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example IPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <ip>
+   <header length="474">
+   <version value="4"/>
+   <tos precedence="Routine" delay="Normal" throughput="Normal"
+        relibility="Normal" reserved="0"/>
+   <total.length value="461"/>
+   <id value="1"/>
+   <flags reserved="0" df="dont" mf="last"/>
+   <offset value="0"/>
+   <ttl value="255"/>
+   <protocol value="6"/>
+   <checksum value="8707"/>
+   <source address="10.0.0.22"/>
+   <destination address="10.0.0.1"/>
+   <options>
+   <end copied="0" class="0" number="0"/>
+   </options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </ip>
+
+3.   TCPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.2.
+
+3.1. TCP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original TCP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the TCP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in
+   section 2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 4]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   The TCP offset element was expanded to a maximum of 255 from 16 to
+   allow for the increased size of the header in XML.
+
+   TCPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+3.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example TCPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <tcp>
+   <tcp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <sequence number="322622954"/>
+   <acknowledgement number="689715995"/>
+   <offset number=""/>
+   <reserved value="0"/>
+   <control syn="1" ack="1"/>
+   <window size="1"/>
+   <urgent pointer="0"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   <tcp.options>
+   <tcp.end kind="0"/>
+   </tcp.options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </tcp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </tcp>
+
+4.   UDPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.3.
+
+4.1. UDP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original UDP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 5]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the UDP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.  An
+   iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in section
+   2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+   UDPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+4.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example UDPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <udp>
+   <udp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <udp.length value="143"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   </udp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </udp>
+
+5.   Network Transport
+
+   This document provides for the transmission of BLOAT datagrams over
+   two common families of physical layer transport.  Future RFCs will
+   address additional transports as routing vendors catch up to the
+   specification, and we begin to see BLOAT routed across the Internet
+   backbone.
+
+5.1. Ethernet
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in Ethernet datagrams as in [RFC894] with the
+   exception that the type field of the Ethernet frame MUST contain the
+   value 0xBEEF.  The first 5 octets of the Ethernet frame payload will
+   be 0x3c 3f 78 6d 6c ("<?xml".)
+
+5.2. IEEE 802
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in IEEE 802 Networks as in [RFC1042] except
+   that the protocol type code for IPoXML is 0xBEEF.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 6]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+6. Gatewaying over IP
+
+   In order to facilitate the gradual introduction of BLOAT into the
+   public Internet, BLOAT MAY be encapsulated in IP as in [RFC2003] to
+   gateway between networks that run BLOAT natively on their LANs.
+
+7. DTDs
+
+   The Transport DTDs (7.2. and 7.3.) build on the definitions in the
+   Network DTD (7.1.)
+
+   The DTDs are referenced by their PubidLiteral and SystemLiteral (from
+   [XML]) although it is understood that most IPoXML implementations
+   will not need to pull down the DTD, as it will normally be embedded
+   in the implementation, and presents something of a catch-22 if you
+   need to load part of your network protocol over the network.
+
+7.1.  IPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+    DTD for IP over XML.
+    Refer to this DTD as:
+
+    <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+   <!--
+    DTD data types:
+
+      Digits      [0..9]+
+
+      Precedence  "NetworkControl | InternetworkControl |
+                   CRITIC | FlashOverride | Flash | Immediate |
+                   Priority | Routine"
+
+      IP4Addr     "dotted-decimal" notation of [RFC1123]
+
+      Class       [0..3]
+
+      Sec          "Unclassified | Confidential | EFTO | MMMM | PROG |
+                    Restricted | Secret | Top Secret | Reserved"
+
+      Compartments [0..65535]
+
+      Handling     [0..65535]
+
+      TCC          [0..16777216]
+
+   -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 7]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ENTITY % Digits "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Precedence "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % IP4Addr "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Class "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Sec "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Compartments "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Handling "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % TCC "CDATA">
+
+   <!ELEMENT ip (header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT header (version, tos, total.length, id, flags, offset, ttl,
+                    protocol, checksum, source, destination, options,
+                    padding)>
+   <!-- length of header in 32-bit words -->
+   <!ATTLIST header
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT version EMPTY>
+   <!-- ip version. SHOULD be "4" -->
+   <!ATTLIST version
+             value   %Digits;  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tos EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tos
+             precedence   %Precedence;    #REQUIRED
+             delay    (normal | low)  #REQUIRED
+             throughput   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             relibility   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             reserved     CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT total.length EMPTY>
+   <!--
+    total length of datagram (header and payload) in octets, MUST be
+    less than 65,535 (and SHOULD be less than 1024 for IPoXML on local
+    ethernets).
+   -->
+   <!ATTLIST total.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT id EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535  -->
+   <!ATTLIST id
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT flags EMPTY>
+   <!-- df = don't fragment, mf = more fragments  -->
+   <!ATTLIST flags
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 8]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+          reserved CDATA  #FIXED "0"
+          df (may|dont)   #REQUIRED
+          mf (last|more)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= offset <= 8192 measured in 8 octet (64-bit) chunks -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT ttl EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= ttl <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST ttl
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT protocol EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= protocol <= 255 (per IANA) -->
+   <!ATTLIST protocol
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT checksum EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= checksum <= 65535 (over header only) -->
+   <!ATTLIST checksum
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT source EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST source
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT destination EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST destination
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT options ( end | noop | security | loose | strict | record
+                     | stream | timestamp )*>
+
+   <!ELEMENT end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST end
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST noop
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT security EMPTY>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 9]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST security
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "11"
+             security %Sec; #REQUIRED
+             compartments %Compartments; #REQUIRED
+             handling %Handling; #REQUIRED
+             tcc %TCC; #REQUIRED>
+   <!ELEMENT loose (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST loose
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "3"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT hop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST hop
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT strict (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST strict
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "9"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT record (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST record
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "7"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT stream EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST stream
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "8"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             id %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT timestamp (tstamp)+>
+   <!-- 0 <= oflw <=15 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 10]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST timestamp
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             length %Digits;  #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             oflw %Digits;    #REQUIRED
+             flag (0 | 1 | 3)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tstamp EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tstamp
+             time %Digits;   #REQUIRED
+             address %IP4Addr; #IMPLIED>
+   <!--
+       padding to bring header to 32-bit boundary.
+       pad MUST be "0"*
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT padding EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST padding
+             pad CDATA #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!-- payload MUST be encoded as base-64 [RFC2045], as modified
+        by section 2.1 of this RFC -->
+   <!ELEMENT payload (CDATA)>
+
+7.2.  TCPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for TCP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!-- the pseudoheader is only included for checksum calculations -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp (tcp.pseudoheader?, tcp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.header (src, dest, sequence, acknowledgement, offset,
+                         reserved, control, window, checksum, urgent,
+                         tcp.options, padding)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT src EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST src
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT dest EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 11]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST dest
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT sequence EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST sequence
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT acknowledgement EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST acknowledgement
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT reserved EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST reserved
+             value CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT control EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST control
+             urg (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             ack (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             psh (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             rst (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             syn (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             fin (0|1) #IMPLIED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT window EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= size <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST window
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!--
+      checksum as in ip, but with
+      the following pseudo-header added into the tcp element:
+     -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               tcp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      tcp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 12]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT urgent EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= pointer <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST urgent
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.options (tcp.end | tcp.noop | tcp.mss)+>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.end
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.noop
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.mss EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.mss
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+7.3.  UDPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for UDP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp (udp.pseudoheader?, udp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.header (src, dest, udp.length, checksum)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               udp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      udp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT udp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST udp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 13]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+8. Security Considerations
+
+   XML, as a subset of SGML, has the same security considerations as
+   specified in SGML Media Types [RFC1874].  Security considerations
+   that apply to IP, TCP and UDP also likely apply to BLOAT as it does
+   not attempt to correct for issues not related to message format.
+
+9.   References
+
+   [JABBER]    Miller, J., "Jabber", draft-miller-jabber-00.txt,
+               February 2002. (Work in Progress)
+
+   [RFC768]    Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
+               August 1980.
+
+   [RFC791]    Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
+               September 1981.
+
+   [RFC793]    Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC
+               793, September 1981.
+
+   [RFC894]    Hornig, C., "Standard for the Transmission of IP
+               Datagrams over Ethernet Networks.", RFC 894, April 1984.
+
+   [RFC1042]   Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Standard for the
+               Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802 Networks", STD
+               43, RFC 1042, February 1988.
+
+   [RFC1123]   Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
+               Application and Support", RFC 1123, October 1989.
+
+   [RFC1874]   Levinson, E., "SGML Media Types", RFC 1874, December
+               1995.
+
+   [RFC2003]   Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003,
+               October 1996.
+
+   [RFC2045]   Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
+               Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
+               Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
+
+   [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+
+   [RFC2279]   Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
+               10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 14]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   [RFC2460]   Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
+               (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
+
+   [RFC3080]   Rose, M., "The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core",
+               RFC 3080, March 2001.
+
+   [SOAP]      Box, D., Ehnebuske, D., Kakivaya, G., Layman, A.,
+               Mendelsohn, N., Nielsen, H. F., Thatte, S. Winer, D.,
+               "Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1" World Wide Web
+               Consortium Note, May 2000 http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/
+
+   [XML]       Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., "Extensible
+               Markup Language (XML)" World Wide Web Consortium
+               Recommendation REC- xml-19980210.
+               http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210
+
+10.  Author's Address
+
+   Hugh Kennedy
+   Mimezine
+   1060 West Addison
+   Chicago, IL 60613
+   USA
+
+   EMail: kennedyh@engin.umich.edu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 15]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+11.  Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
+   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
+   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
+   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
+   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
+   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
+   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
+   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
+   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
+   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
+   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
+   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
+   English.
+
+   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
+   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
+
+   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
+   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
+   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
+   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
+   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Acknowledgement
+
+   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
+   Internet Society.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 16]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Network Working Group                                         H. Kennedy
+Request for Comments: 3252                                      Mimezine
+Category: Informational                                     1 April 2002
+
+
+                 Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
+   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
+   memo is unlimited.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Abstract
+
+   This document defines a reformulation of IP and two transport layer
+   protocols (TCP and UDP) as XML applications.
+
+1.   Introduction
+
+1.1. Overview
+
+   This document describes the Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+   (BLOAT): a reformulation of a widely-deployed network-layer protocol
+   (IP [RFC791]), and two associated transport layer protocols (TCP
+   [RFC793] and UDP [RFC768]) as XML [XML] applications.  It also
+   describes methods for transporting BLOAT over Ethernet and IEEE 802
+   networks as well as encapsulating BLOAT in IP for gatewaying BLOAT
+   across the public Internet.
+
+1.2. Motivation
+
+   The wild popularity of XML as a basis for application-level protocols
+   such as the Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol [RFC3080], the Simple
+   Object Access Protocol [SOAP], and Jabber [JABBER] prompted
+   investigation into the possibility of extending the use of XML in the
+   protocol stack.  Using XML at both the transport and network layer in
+   addition to the application layer would provide for an amazing amount
+   of power and flexibility while removing dependencies on proprietary
+   and hard-to-understand binary protocols.  This protocol unification
+   would also allow applications to use a single XML parser for all
+   aspects of their operation, eliminating developer time spent figuring
+   out the intricacies of each new protocol, and moving the hard work of
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 1]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   parsing to the XML toolset.  The use of XML also mitigates concerns
+   over "network vs. host" byte ordering which is at the root of many
+   network application bugs.
+
+1.3. Relation to Existing Protocols
+
+   The reformulations specified in this RFC follow as closely as
+   possible the spirit of the RFCs on which they are based, and so MAY
+   contain elements or attributes that would not be needed in a pure
+   reworking (e.g. length attributes, which are implicit in XML.)
+
+   The layering of network and transport protocols are maintained in
+   this RFC despite the optimizations that could be made if the line
+   were somewhat blurred (i.e. merging TCP and IP into a single, larger
+   element in the DTD) in order to foster future use of this protocol as
+   a basis for reformulating other protocols (such as ICMP.)
+
+   Other than the encoding, the behavioral aspects of each of the
+   existing protocols remain unchanged.  Routing, address spaces, TCP
+   congestion control, etc. behave as specified in the extant standards.
+   Adapting to new standards and experimental algorithm heuristics for
+   improving performance will become much easier once the move to BLOAT
+   has been completed.
+
+1.4. Requirement Levels
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
+   [RFC2119].
+
+2.   IPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.
+   IPoXML is the root protocol REQUIRED for effective use of TCPoXML
+   (section 3.) and higher-level application protocols.
+
+   The DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.1.
+
+   The routing of IPoXML can be easily implemented on hosts with an XML
+   parser, as the regular structure lends itself handily to parsing and
+   validation of the document/datagram and then processing the
+   destination address, TTL, and checksum before sending it on to its
+   next-hop.
+
+   The reformulation of IPv4 was chosen over IPv6 [RFC2460] due to the
+   wider deployment of IPv4 and the fact that implementing IPv6 as XML
+   would have exceeded the 1500 byte Ethernet MTU.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 2]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   All BLOAT implementations MUST use - and specify - the UTF-8 encoding
+   of RFC 2279 [RFC2279].  All BLOAT document/datagrams MUST be well-
+   formed and include the XMLDecl.
+
+2.1. IP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed (for the better) from the original IP
+   specification.  Bit-masks, where present have been converted into
+   human-readable values.  IP addresses are listed in their dotted-
+   decimal notation [RFC1123].  Length and checksum values are present
+   as decimal integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the IP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used.  The canonical form
+   SHALL have no whitespace (including newline characters) between
+   elements and only one space character between attributes.  There
+   SHALL NOT be a space following the last attribute in an element.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums, as the
+   length field will vary based on the size of the checksum.
+
+   The payload element bears special attention.  Due to the character
+   set restrictions of XML, the payload of IP datagrams (which MAY
+   contain arbitrary data) MUST be encoded for transport. This RFC
+   REQUIRES the contents of the payload to be encoded in the base-64
+   encoding of RFC 2045 [RFC2045], but removes the requirement that the
+   encoded output MUST be wrapped on 76-character lines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 3]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+2.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example IPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <ip>
+   <header length="474">
+   <version value="4"/>
+   <tos precedence="Routine" delay="Normal" throughput="Normal"
+        relibility="Normal" reserved="0"/>
+   <total.length value="461"/>
+   <id value="1"/>
+   <flags reserved="0" df="dont" mf="last"/>
+   <offset value="0"/>
+   <ttl value="255"/>
+   <protocol value="6"/>
+   <checksum value="8707"/>
+   <source address="10.0.0.22"/>
+   <destination address="10.0.0.1"/>
+   <options>
+   <end copied="0" class="0" number="0"/>
+   </options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </ip>
+
+3.   TCPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.2.
+
+3.1. TCP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original TCP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the TCP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in
+   section 2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 4]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   The TCP offset element was expanded to a maximum of 255 from 16 to
+   allow for the increased size of the header in XML.
+
+   TCPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+3.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example TCPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <tcp>
+   <tcp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <sequence number="322622954"/>
+   <acknowledgement number="689715995"/>
+   <offset number=""/>
+   <reserved value="0"/>
+   <control syn="1" ack="1"/>
+   <window size="1"/>
+   <urgent pointer="0"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   <tcp.options>
+   <tcp.end kind="0"/>
+   </tcp.options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </tcp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </tcp>
+
+4.   UDPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.3.
+
+4.1. UDP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original UDP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 5]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the UDP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.  An
+   iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in section
+   2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+   UDPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+4.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example UDPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <udp>
+   <udp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <udp.length value="143"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   </udp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </udp>
+
+5.   Network Transport
+
+   This document provides for the transmission of BLOAT datagrams over
+   two common families of physical layer transport.  Future RFCs will
+   address additional transports as routing vendors catch up to the
+   specification, and we begin to see BLOAT routed across the Internet
+   backbone.
+
+5.1. Ethernet
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in Ethernet datagrams as in [RFC894] with the
+   exception that the type field of the Ethernet frame MUST contain the
+   value 0xBEEF.  The first 5 octets of the Ethernet frame payload will
+   be 0x3c 3f 78 6d 6c ("<?xml".)
+
+5.2. IEEE 802
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in IEEE 802 Networks as in [RFC1042] except
+   that the protocol type code for IPoXML is 0xBEEF.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 6]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+6. Gatewaying over IP
+
+   In order to facilitate the gradual introduction of BLOAT into the
+   public Internet, BLOAT MAY be encapsulated in IP as in [RFC2003] to
+   gateway between networks that run BLOAT natively on their LANs.
+
+7. DTDs
+
+   The Transport DTDs (7.2. and 7.3.) build on the definitions in the
+   Network DTD (7.1.)
+
+   The DTDs are referenced by their PubidLiteral and SystemLiteral (from
+   [XML]) although it is understood that most IPoXML implementations
+   will not need to pull down the DTD, as it will normally be embedded
+   in the implementation, and presents something of a catch-22 if you
+   need to load part of your network protocol over the network.
+
+7.1.  IPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+    DTD for IP over XML.
+    Refer to this DTD as:
+
+    <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+   <!--
+    DTD data types:
+
+      Digits      [0..9]+
+
+      Precedence  "NetworkControl | InternetworkControl |
+                   CRITIC | FlashOverride | Flash | Immediate |
+                   Priority | Routine"
+
+      IP4Addr     "dotted-decimal" notation of [RFC1123]
+
+      Class       [0..3]
+
+      Sec          "Unclassified | Confidential | EFTO | MMMM | PROG |
+                    Restricted | Secret | Top Secret | Reserved"
+
+      Compartments [0..65535]
+
+      Handling     [0..65535]
+
+      TCC          [0..16777216]
+
+   -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 7]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ENTITY % Digits "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Precedence "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % IP4Addr "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Class "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Sec "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Compartments "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Handling "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % TCC "CDATA">
+
+   <!ELEMENT ip (header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT header (version, tos, total.length, id, flags, offset, ttl,
+                    protocol, checksum, source, destination, options,
+                    padding)>
+   <!-- length of header in 32-bit words -->
+   <!ATTLIST header
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT version EMPTY>
+   <!-- ip version. SHOULD be "4" -->
+   <!ATTLIST version
+             value   %Digits;  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tos EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tos
+             precedence   %Precedence;    #REQUIRED
+             delay    (normal | low)  #REQUIRED
+             throughput   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             relibility   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             reserved     CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT total.length EMPTY>
+   <!--
+    total length of datagram (header and payload) in octets, MUST be
+    less than 65,535 (and SHOULD be less than 1024 for IPoXML on local
+    ethernets).
+   -->
+   <!ATTLIST total.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT id EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535  -->
+   <!ATTLIST id
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT flags EMPTY>
+   <!-- df = don't fragment, mf = more fragments  -->
+   <!ATTLIST flags
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 8]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+          reserved CDATA  #FIXED "0"
+          df (may|dont)   #REQUIRED
+          mf (last|more)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= offset <= 8192 measured in 8 octet (64-bit) chunks -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT ttl EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= ttl <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST ttl
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT protocol EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= protocol <= 255 (per IANA) -->
+   <!ATTLIST protocol
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT checksum EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= checksum <= 65535 (over header only) -->
+   <!ATTLIST checksum
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT source EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST source
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT destination EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST destination
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT options ( end | noop | security | loose | strict | record
+                     | stream | timestamp )*>
+
+   <!ELEMENT end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST end
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST noop
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT security EMPTY>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 9]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST security
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "11"
+             security %Sec; #REQUIRED
+             compartments %Compartments; #REQUIRED
+             handling %Handling; #REQUIRED
+             tcc %TCC; #REQUIRED>
+   <!ELEMENT loose (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST loose
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "3"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT hop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST hop
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT strict (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST strict
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "9"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT record (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST record
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "7"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT stream EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST stream
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "8"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             id %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT timestamp (tstamp)+>
+   <!-- 0 <= oflw <=15 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 10]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST timestamp
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             length %Digits;  #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             oflw %Digits;    #REQUIRED
+             flag (0 | 1 | 3)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tstamp EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tstamp
+             time %Digits;   #REQUIRED
+             address %IP4Addr; #IMPLIED>
+   <!--
+       padding to bring header to 32-bit boundary.
+       pad MUST be "0"*
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT padding EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST padding
+             pad CDATA #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!-- payload MUST be encoded as base-64 [RFC2045], as modified
+        by section 2.1 of this RFC -->
+   <!ELEMENT payload (CDATA)>
+
+7.2.  TCPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for TCP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!-- the pseudoheader is only included for checksum calculations -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp (tcp.pseudoheader?, tcp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.header (src, dest, sequence, acknowledgement, offset,
+                         reserved, control, window, checksum, urgent,
+                         tcp.options, padding)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT src EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST src
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT dest EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 11]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST dest
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT sequence EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST sequence
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT acknowledgement EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST acknowledgement
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT reserved EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST reserved
+             value CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT control EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST control
+             urg (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             ack (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             psh (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             rst (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             syn (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             fin (0|1) #IMPLIED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT window EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= size <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST window
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!--
+      checksum as in ip, but with
+      the following pseudo-header added into the tcp element:
+     -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               tcp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      tcp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 12]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT urgent EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= pointer <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST urgent
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.options (tcp.end | tcp.noop | tcp.mss)+>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.end
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.noop
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.mss EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.mss
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+7.3.  UDPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for UDP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp (udp.pseudoheader?, udp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.header (src, dest, udp.length, checksum)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               udp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      udp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT udp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST udp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 13]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+8. Security Considerations
+
+   XML, as a subset of SGML, has the same security considerations as
+   specified in SGML Media Types [RFC1874].  Security considerations
+   that apply to IP, TCP and UDP also likely apply to BLOAT as it does
+   not attempt to correct for issues not related to message format.
+
+9.   References
+
+   [JABBER]    Miller, J., "Jabber", draft-miller-jabber-00.txt,
+               February 2002. (Work in Progress)
+
+   [RFC768]    Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
+               August 1980.
+
+   [RFC791]    Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
+               September 1981.
+
+   [RFC793]    Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC
+               793, September 1981.
+
+   [RFC894]    Hornig, C., "Standard for the Transmission of IP
+               Datagrams over Ethernet Networks.", RFC 894, April 1984.
+
+   [RFC1042]   Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Standard for the
+               Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802 Networks", STD
+               43, RFC 1042, February 1988.
+
+   [RFC1123]   Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
+               Application and Support", RFC 1123, October 1989.
+
+   [RFC1874]   Levinson, E., "SGML Media Types", RFC 1874, December
+               1995.
+
+   [RFC2003]   Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003,
+               October 1996.
+
+   [RFC2045]   Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
+               Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
+               Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
+
+   [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+
+   [RFC2279]   Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
+               10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 14]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   [RFC2460]   Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
+               (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
+
+   [RFC3080]   Rose, M., "The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core",
+               RFC 3080, March 2001.
+
+   [SOAP]      Box, D., Ehnebuske, D., Kakivaya, G., Layman, A.,
+               Mendelsohn, N., Nielsen, H. F., Thatte, S. Winer, D.,
+               "Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1" World Wide Web
+               Consortium Note, May 2000 http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/
+
+   [XML]       Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., "Extensible
+               Markup Language (XML)" World Wide Web Consortium
+               Recommendation REC- xml-19980210.
+               http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210
+
+10.  Author's Address
+
+   Hugh Kennedy
+   Mimezine
+   1060 West Addison
+   Chicago, IL 60613
+   USA
+
+   EMail: kennedyh@engin.umich.edu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 15]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+11.  Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
+   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
+   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
+   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
+   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
+   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
+   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
+   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
+   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
+   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
+   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
+   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
+   English.
+
+   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
+   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
+
+   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
+   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
+   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
+   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
+   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Acknowledgement
+
+   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
+   Internet Society.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 16]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Network Working Group                                         H. Kennedy
+Request for Comments: 3252                                      Mimezine
+Category: Informational                                     1 April 2002
+
+
+                 Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
+   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
+   memo is unlimited.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Abstract
+
+   This document defines a reformulation of IP and two transport layer
+   protocols (TCP and UDP) as XML applications.
+
+1.   Introduction
+
+1.1. Overview
+
+   This document describes the Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+   (BLOAT): a reformulation of a widely-deployed network-layer protocol
+   (IP [RFC791]), and two associated transport layer protocols (TCP
+   [RFC793] and UDP [RFC768]) as XML [XML] applications.  It also
+   describes methods for transporting BLOAT over Ethernet and IEEE 802
+   networks as well as encapsulating BLOAT in IP for gatewaying BLOAT
+   across the public Internet.
+
+1.2. Motivation
+
+   The wild popularity of XML as a basis for application-level protocols
+   such as the Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol [RFC3080], the Simple
+   Object Access Protocol [SOAP], and Jabber [JABBER] prompted
+   investigation into the possibility of extending the use of XML in the
+   protocol stack.  Using XML at both the transport and network layer in
+   addition to the application layer would provide for an amazing amount
+   of power and flexibility while removing dependencies on proprietary
+   and hard-to-understand binary protocols.  This protocol unification
+   would also allow applications to use a single XML parser for all
+   aspects of their operation, eliminating developer time spent figuring
+   out the intricacies of each new protocol, and moving the hard work of
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 1]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   parsing to the XML toolset.  The use of XML also mitigates concerns
+   over "network vs. host" byte ordering which is at the root of many
+   network application bugs.
+
+1.3. Relation to Existing Protocols
+
+   The reformulations specified in this RFC follow as closely as
+   possible the spirit of the RFCs on which they are based, and so MAY
+   contain elements or attributes that would not be needed in a pure
+   reworking (e.g. length attributes, which are implicit in XML.)
+
+   The layering of network and transport protocols are maintained in
+   this RFC despite the optimizations that could be made if the line
+   were somewhat blurred (i.e. merging TCP and IP into a single, larger
+   element in the DTD) in order to foster future use of this protocol as
+   a basis for reformulating other protocols (such as ICMP.)
+
+   Other than the encoding, the behavioral aspects of each of the
+   existing protocols remain unchanged.  Routing, address spaces, TCP
+   congestion control, etc. behave as specified in the extant standards.
+   Adapting to new standards and experimental algorithm heuristics for
+   improving performance will become much easier once the move to BLOAT
+   has been completed.
+
+1.4. Requirement Levels
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
+   [RFC2119].
+
+2.   IPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.
+   IPoXML is the root protocol REQUIRED for effective use of TCPoXML
+   (section 3.) and higher-level application protocols.
+
+   The DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.1.
+
+   The routing of IPoXML can be easily implemented on hosts with an XML
+   parser, as the regular structure lends itself handily to parsing and
+   validation of the document/datagram and then processing the
+   destination address, TTL, and checksum before sending it on to its
+   next-hop.
+
+   The reformulation of IPv4 was chosen over IPv6 [RFC2460] due to the
+   wider deployment of IPv4 and the fact that implementing IPv6 as XML
+   would have exceeded the 1500 byte Ethernet MTU.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 2]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   All BLOAT implementations MUST use - and specify - the UTF-8 encoding
+   of RFC 2279 [RFC2279].  All BLOAT document/datagrams MUST be well-
+   formed and include the XMLDecl.
+
+2.1. IP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed (for the better) from the original IP
+   specification.  Bit-masks, where present have been converted into
+   human-readable values.  IP addresses are listed in their dotted-
+   decimal notation [RFC1123].  Length and checksum values are present
+   as decimal integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the IP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used.  The canonical form
+   SHALL have no whitespace (including newline characters) between
+   elements and only one space character between attributes.  There
+   SHALL NOT be a space following the last attribute in an element.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums, as the
+   length field will vary based on the size of the checksum.
+
+   The payload element bears special attention.  Due to the character
+   set restrictions of XML, the payload of IP datagrams (which MAY
+   contain arbitrary data) MUST be encoded for transport. This RFC
+   REQUIRES the contents of the payload to be encoded in the base-64
+   encoding of RFC 2045 [RFC2045], but removes the requirement that the
+   encoded output MUST be wrapped on 76-character lines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 3]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+2.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example IPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <ip>
+   <header length="474">
+   <version value="4"/>
+   <tos precedence="Routine" delay="Normal" throughput="Normal"
+        relibility="Normal" reserved="0"/>
+   <total.length value="461"/>
+   <id value="1"/>
+   <flags reserved="0" df="dont" mf="last"/>
+   <offset value="0"/>
+   <ttl value="255"/>
+   <protocol value="6"/>
+   <checksum value="8707"/>
+   <source address="10.0.0.22"/>
+   <destination address="10.0.0.1"/>
+   <options>
+   <end copied="0" class="0" number="0"/>
+   </options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </ip>
+
+3.   TCPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.2.
+
+3.1. TCP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original TCP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the TCP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in
+   section 2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 4]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   The TCP offset element was expanded to a maximum of 255 from 16 to
+   allow for the increased size of the header in XML.
+
+   TCPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+3.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example TCPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <tcp>
+   <tcp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <sequence number="322622954"/>
+   <acknowledgement number="689715995"/>
+   <offset number=""/>
+   <reserved value="0"/>
+   <control syn="1" ack="1"/>
+   <window size="1"/>
+   <urgent pointer="0"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   <tcp.options>
+   <tcp.end kind="0"/>
+   </tcp.options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </tcp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </tcp>
+
+4.   UDPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.3.
+
+4.1. UDP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original UDP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 5]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the UDP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.  An
+   iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in section
+   2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+   UDPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+4.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example UDPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <udp>
+   <udp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <udp.length value="143"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   </udp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </udp>
+
+5.   Network Transport
+
+   This document provides for the transmission of BLOAT datagrams over
+   two common families of physical layer transport.  Future RFCs will
+   address additional transports as routing vendors catch up to the
+   specification, and we begin to see BLOAT routed across the Internet
+   backbone.
+
+5.1. Ethernet
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in Ethernet datagrams as in [RFC894] with the
+   exception that the type field of the Ethernet frame MUST contain the
+   value 0xBEEF.  The first 5 octets of the Ethernet frame payload will
+   be 0x3c 3f 78 6d 6c ("<?xml".)
+
+5.2. IEEE 802
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in IEEE 802 Networks as in [RFC1042] except
+   that the protocol type code for IPoXML is 0xBEEF.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 6]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+6. Gatewaying over IP
+
+   In order to facilitate the gradual introduction of BLOAT into the
+   public Internet, BLOAT MAY be encapsulated in IP as in [RFC2003] to
+   gateway between networks that run BLOAT natively on their LANs.
+
+7. DTDs
+
+   The Transport DTDs (7.2. and 7.3.) build on the definitions in the
+   Network DTD (7.1.)
+
+   The DTDs are referenced by their PubidLiteral and SystemLiteral (from
+   [XML]) although it is understood that most IPoXML implementations
+   will not need to pull down the DTD, as it will normally be embedded
+   in the implementation, and presents something of a catch-22 if you
+   need to load part of your network protocol over the network.
+
+7.1.  IPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+    DTD for IP over XML.
+    Refer to this DTD as:
+
+    <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+   <!--
+    DTD data types:
+
+      Digits      [0..9]+
+
+      Precedence  "NetworkControl | InternetworkControl |
+                   CRITIC | FlashOverride | Flash | Immediate |
+                   Priority | Routine"
+
+      IP4Addr     "dotted-decimal" notation of [RFC1123]
+
+      Class       [0..3]
+
+      Sec          "Unclassified | Confidential | EFTO | MMMM | PROG |
+                    Restricted | Secret | Top Secret | Reserved"
+
+      Compartments [0..65535]
+
+      Handling     [0..65535]
+
+      TCC          [0..16777216]
+
+   -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 7]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ENTITY % Digits "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Precedence "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % IP4Addr "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Class "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Sec "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Compartments "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Handling "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % TCC "CDATA">
+
+   <!ELEMENT ip (header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT header (version, tos, total.length, id, flags, offset, ttl,
+                    protocol, checksum, source, destination, options,
+                    padding)>
+   <!-- length of header in 32-bit words -->
+   <!ATTLIST header
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT version EMPTY>
+   <!-- ip version. SHOULD be "4" -->
+   <!ATTLIST version
+             value   %Digits;  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tos EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tos
+             precedence   %Precedence;    #REQUIRED
+             delay    (normal | low)  #REQUIRED
+             throughput   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             relibility   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             reserved     CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT total.length EMPTY>
+   <!--
+    total length of datagram (header and payload) in octets, MUST be
+    less than 65,535 (and SHOULD be less than 1024 for IPoXML on local
+    ethernets).
+   -->
+   <!ATTLIST total.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT id EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535  -->
+   <!ATTLIST id
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT flags EMPTY>
+   <!-- df = don't fragment, mf = more fragments  -->
+   <!ATTLIST flags
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 8]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+          reserved CDATA  #FIXED "0"
+          df (may|dont)   #REQUIRED
+          mf (last|more)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= offset <= 8192 measured in 8 octet (64-bit) chunks -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT ttl EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= ttl <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST ttl
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT protocol EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= protocol <= 255 (per IANA) -->
+   <!ATTLIST protocol
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT checksum EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= checksum <= 65535 (over header only) -->
+   <!ATTLIST checksum
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT source EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST source
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT destination EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST destination
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT options ( end | noop | security | loose | strict | record
+                     | stream | timestamp )*>
+
+   <!ELEMENT end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST end
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST noop
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT security EMPTY>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 9]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST security
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "11"
+             security %Sec; #REQUIRED
+             compartments %Compartments; #REQUIRED
+             handling %Handling; #REQUIRED
+             tcc %TCC; #REQUIRED>
+   <!ELEMENT loose (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST loose
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "3"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT hop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST hop
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT strict (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST strict
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "9"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT record (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST record
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "7"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT stream EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST stream
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "8"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             id %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT timestamp (tstamp)+>
+   <!-- 0 <= oflw <=15 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 10]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST timestamp
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             length %Digits;  #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             oflw %Digits;    #REQUIRED
+             flag (0 | 1 | 3)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tstamp EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tstamp
+             time %Digits;   #REQUIRED
+             address %IP4Addr; #IMPLIED>
+   <!--
+       padding to bring header to 32-bit boundary.
+       pad MUST be "0"*
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT padding EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST padding
+             pad CDATA #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!-- payload MUST be encoded as base-64 [RFC2045], as modified
+        by section 2.1 of this RFC -->
+   <!ELEMENT payload (CDATA)>
+
+7.2.  TCPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for TCP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!-- the pseudoheader is only included for checksum calculations -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp (tcp.pseudoheader?, tcp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.header (src, dest, sequence, acknowledgement, offset,
+                         reserved, control, window, checksum, urgent,
+                         tcp.options, padding)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT src EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST src
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT dest EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 11]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST dest
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT sequence EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST sequence
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT acknowledgement EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST acknowledgement
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT reserved EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST reserved
+             value CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT control EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST control
+             urg (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             ack (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             psh (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             rst (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             syn (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             fin (0|1) #IMPLIED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT window EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= size <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST window
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!--
+      checksum as in ip, but with
+      the following pseudo-header added into the tcp element:
+     -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               tcp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      tcp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 12]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT urgent EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= pointer <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST urgent
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.options (tcp.end | tcp.noop | tcp.mss)+>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.end
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.noop
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.mss EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.mss
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+7.3.  UDPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for UDP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp (udp.pseudoheader?, udp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.header (src, dest, udp.length, checksum)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               udp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      udp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT udp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST udp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 13]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+8. Security Considerations
+
+   XML, as a subset of SGML, has the same security considerations as
+   specified in SGML Media Types [RFC1874].  Security considerations
+   that apply to IP, TCP and UDP also likely apply to BLOAT as it does
+   not attempt to correct for issues not related to message format.
+
+9.   References
+
+   [JABBER]    Miller, J., "Jabber", draft-miller-jabber-00.txt,
+               February 2002. (Work in Progress)
+
+   [RFC768]    Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
+               August 1980.
+
+   [RFC791]    Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
+               September 1981.
+
+   [RFC793]    Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC
+               793, September 1981.
+
+   [RFC894]    Hornig, C., "Standard for the Transmission of IP
+               Datagrams over Ethernet Networks.", RFC 894, April 1984.
+
+   [RFC1042]   Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Standard for the
+               Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802 Networks", STD
+               43, RFC 1042, February 1988.
+
+   [RFC1123]   Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
+               Application and Support", RFC 1123, October 1989.
+
+   [RFC1874]   Levinson, E., "SGML Media Types", RFC 1874, December
+               1995.
+
+   [RFC2003]   Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003,
+               October 1996.
+
+   [RFC2045]   Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
+               Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
+               Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
+
+   [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+
+   [RFC2279]   Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
+               10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 14]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   [RFC2460]   Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
+               (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
+
+   [RFC3080]   Rose, M., "The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core",
+               RFC 3080, March 2001.
+
+   [SOAP]      Box, D., Ehnebuske, D., Kakivaya, G., Layman, A.,
+               Mendelsohn, N., Nielsen, H. F., Thatte, S. Winer, D.,
+               "Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1" World Wide Web
+               Consortium Note, May 2000 http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/
+
+   [XML]       Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., "Extensible
+               Markup Language (XML)" World Wide Web Consortium
+               Recommendation REC- xml-19980210.
+               http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210
+
+10.  Author's Address
+
+   Hugh Kennedy
+   Mimezine
+   1060 West Addison
+   Chicago, IL 60613
+   USA
+
+   EMail: kennedyh@engin.umich.edu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 15]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+11.  Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
+   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
+   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
+   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
+   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
+   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
+   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
+   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
+   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
+   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
+   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
+   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
+   English.
+
+   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
+   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
+
+   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
+   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
+   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
+   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
+   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Acknowledgement
+
+   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
+   Internet Society.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 16]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Network Working Group                                         H. Kennedy
+Request for Comments: 3252                                      Mimezine
+Category: Informational                                     1 April 2002
+
+
+                 Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
+   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
+   memo is unlimited.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Abstract
+
+   This document defines a reformulation of IP and two transport layer
+   protocols (TCP and UDP) as XML applications.
+
+1.   Introduction
+
+1.1. Overview
+
+   This document describes the Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+   (BLOAT): a reformulation of a widely-deployed network-layer protocol
+   (IP [RFC791]), and two associated transport layer protocols (TCP
+   [RFC793] and UDP [RFC768]) as XML [XML] applications.  It also
+   describes methods for transporting BLOAT over Ethernet and IEEE 802
+   networks as well as encapsulating BLOAT in IP for gatewaying BLOAT
+   across the public Internet.
+
+1.2. Motivation
+
+   The wild popularity of XML as a basis for application-level protocols
+   such as the Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol [RFC3080], the Simple
+   Object Access Protocol [SOAP], and Jabber [JABBER] prompted
+   investigation into the possibility of extending the use of XML in the
+   protocol stack.  Using XML at both the transport and network layer in
+   addition to the application layer would provide for an amazing amount
+   of power and flexibility while removing dependencies on proprietary
+   and hard-to-understand binary protocols.  This protocol unification
+   would also allow applications to use a single XML parser for all
+   aspects of their operation, eliminating developer time spent figuring
+   out the intricacies of each new protocol, and moving the hard work of
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 1]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   parsing to the XML toolset.  The use of XML also mitigates concerns
+   over "network vs. host" byte ordering which is at the root of many
+   network application bugs.
+
+1.3. Relation to Existing Protocols
+
+   The reformulations specified in this RFC follow as closely as
+   possible the spirit of the RFCs on which they are based, and so MAY
+   contain elements or attributes that would not be needed in a pure
+   reworking (e.g. length attributes, which are implicit in XML.)
+
+   The layering of network and transport protocols are maintained in
+   this RFC despite the optimizations that could be made if the line
+   were somewhat blurred (i.e. merging TCP and IP into a single, larger
+   element in the DTD) in order to foster future use of this protocol as
+   a basis for reformulating other protocols (such as ICMP.)
+
+   Other than the encoding, the behavioral aspects of each of the
+   existing protocols remain unchanged.  Routing, address spaces, TCP
+   congestion control, etc. behave as specified in the extant standards.
+   Adapting to new standards and experimental algorithm heuristics for
+   improving performance will become much easier once the move to BLOAT
+   has been completed.
+
+1.4. Requirement Levels
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
+   [RFC2119].
+
+2.   IPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.
+   IPoXML is the root protocol REQUIRED for effective use of TCPoXML
+   (section 3.) and higher-level application protocols.
+
+   The DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.1.
+
+   The routing of IPoXML can be easily implemented on hosts with an XML
+   parser, as the regular structure lends itself handily to parsing and
+   validation of the document/datagram and then processing the
+   destination address, TTL, and checksum before sending it on to its
+   next-hop.
+
+   The reformulation of IPv4 was chosen over IPv6 [RFC2460] due to the
+   wider deployment of IPv4 and the fact that implementing IPv6 as XML
+   would have exceeded the 1500 byte Ethernet MTU.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 2]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   All BLOAT implementations MUST use - and specify - the UTF-8 encoding
+   of RFC 2279 [RFC2279].  All BLOAT document/datagrams MUST be well-
+   formed and include the XMLDecl.
+
+2.1. IP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed (for the better) from the original IP
+   specification.  Bit-masks, where present have been converted into
+   human-readable values.  IP addresses are listed in their dotted-
+   decimal notation [RFC1123].  Length and checksum values are present
+   as decimal integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the IP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used.  The canonical form
+   SHALL have no whitespace (including newline characters) between
+   elements and only one space character between attributes.  There
+   SHALL NOT be a space following the last attribute in an element.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums, as the
+   length field will vary based on the size of the checksum.
+
+   The payload element bears special attention.  Due to the character
+   set restrictions of XML, the payload of IP datagrams (which MAY
+   contain arbitrary data) MUST be encoded for transport. This RFC
+   REQUIRES the contents of the payload to be encoded in the base-64
+   encoding of RFC 2045 [RFC2045], but removes the requirement that the
+   encoded output MUST be wrapped on 76-character lines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 3]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+2.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example IPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <ip>
+   <header length="474">
+   <version value="4"/>
+   <tos precedence="Routine" delay="Normal" throughput="Normal"
+        relibility="Normal" reserved="0"/>
+   <total.length value="461"/>
+   <id value="1"/>
+   <flags reserved="0" df="dont" mf="last"/>
+   <offset value="0"/>
+   <ttl value="255"/>
+   <protocol value="6"/>
+   <checksum value="8707"/>
+   <source address="10.0.0.22"/>
+   <destination address="10.0.0.1"/>
+   <options>
+   <end copied="0" class="0" number="0"/>
+   </options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </ip>
+
+3.   TCPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.2.
+
+3.1. TCP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original TCP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the TCP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in
+   section 2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 4]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   The TCP offset element was expanded to a maximum of 255 from 16 to
+   allow for the increased size of the header in XML.
+
+   TCPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+3.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example TCPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <tcp>
+   <tcp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <sequence number="322622954"/>
+   <acknowledgement number="689715995"/>
+   <offset number=""/>
+   <reserved value="0"/>
+   <control syn="1" ack="1"/>
+   <window size="1"/>
+   <urgent pointer="0"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   <tcp.options>
+   <tcp.end kind="0"/>
+   </tcp.options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </tcp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </tcp>
+
+4.   UDPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.3.
+
+4.1. UDP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original UDP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 5]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the UDP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.  An
+   iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in section
+   2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+   UDPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+4.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example UDPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <udp>
+   <udp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <udp.length value="143"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   </udp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </udp>
+
+5.   Network Transport
+
+   This document provides for the transmission of BLOAT datagrams over
+   two common families of physical layer transport.  Future RFCs will
+   address additional transports as routing vendors catch up to the
+   specification, and we begin to see BLOAT routed across the Internet
+   backbone.
+
+5.1. Ethernet
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in Ethernet datagrams as in [RFC894] with the
+   exception that the type field of the Ethernet frame MUST contain the
+   value 0xBEEF.  The first 5 octets of the Ethernet frame payload will
+   be 0x3c 3f 78 6d 6c ("<?xml".)
+
+5.2. IEEE 802
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in IEEE 802 Networks as in [RFC1042] except
+   that the protocol type code for IPoXML is 0xBEEF.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 6]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+6. Gatewaying over IP
+
+   In order to facilitate the gradual introduction of BLOAT into the
+   public Internet, BLOAT MAY be encapsulated in IP as in [RFC2003] to
+   gateway between networks that run BLOAT natively on their LANs.
+
+7. DTDs
+
+   The Transport DTDs (7.2. and 7.3.) build on the definitions in the
+   Network DTD (7.1.)
+
+   The DTDs are referenced by their PubidLiteral and SystemLiteral (from
+   [XML]) although it is understood that most IPoXML implementations
+   will not need to pull down the DTD, as it will normally be embedded
+   in the implementation, and presents something of a catch-22 if you
+   need to load part of your network protocol over the network.
+
+7.1.  IPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+    DTD for IP over XML.
+    Refer to this DTD as:
+
+    <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+   <!--
+    DTD data types:
+
+      Digits      [0..9]+
+
+      Precedence  "NetworkControl | InternetworkControl |
+                   CRITIC | FlashOverride | Flash | Immediate |
+                   Priority | Routine"
+
+      IP4Addr     "dotted-decimal" notation of [RFC1123]
+
+      Class       [0..3]
+
+      Sec          "Unclassified | Confidential | EFTO | MMMM | PROG |
+                    Restricted | Secret | Top Secret | Reserved"
+
+      Compartments [0..65535]
+
+      Handling     [0..65535]
+
+      TCC          [0..16777216]
+
+   -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 7]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ENTITY % Digits "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Precedence "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % IP4Addr "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Class "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Sec "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Compartments "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Handling "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % TCC "CDATA">
+
+   <!ELEMENT ip (header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT header (version, tos, total.length, id, flags, offset, ttl,
+                    protocol, checksum, source, destination, options,
+                    padding)>
+   <!-- length of header in 32-bit words -->
+   <!ATTLIST header
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT version EMPTY>
+   <!-- ip version. SHOULD be "4" -->
+   <!ATTLIST version
+             value   %Digits;  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tos EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tos
+             precedence   %Precedence;    #REQUIRED
+             delay    (normal | low)  #REQUIRED
+             throughput   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             relibility   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             reserved     CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT total.length EMPTY>
+   <!--
+    total length of datagram (header and payload) in octets, MUST be
+    less than 65,535 (and SHOULD be less than 1024 for IPoXML on local
+    ethernets).
+   -->
+   <!ATTLIST total.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT id EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535  -->
+   <!ATTLIST id
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT flags EMPTY>
+   <!-- df = don't fragment, mf = more fragments  -->
+   <!ATTLIST flags
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 8]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+          reserved CDATA  #FIXED "0"
+          df (may|dont)   #REQUIRED
+          mf (last|more)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= offset <= 8192 measured in 8 octet (64-bit) chunks -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT ttl EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= ttl <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST ttl
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT protocol EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= protocol <= 255 (per IANA) -->
+   <!ATTLIST protocol
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT checksum EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= checksum <= 65535 (over header only) -->
+   <!ATTLIST checksum
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT source EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST source
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT destination EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST destination
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT options ( end | noop | security | loose | strict | record
+                     | stream | timestamp )*>
+
+   <!ELEMENT end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST end
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST noop
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT security EMPTY>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 9]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST security
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "11"
+             security %Sec; #REQUIRED
+             compartments %Compartments; #REQUIRED
+             handling %Handling; #REQUIRED
+             tcc %TCC; #REQUIRED>
+   <!ELEMENT loose (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST loose
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "3"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT hop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST hop
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT strict (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST strict
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "9"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT record (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST record
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "7"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT stream EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST stream
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "8"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             id %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT timestamp (tstamp)+>
+   <!-- 0 <= oflw <=15 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 10]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST timestamp
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             length %Digits;  #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             oflw %Digits;    #REQUIRED
+             flag (0 | 1 | 3)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tstamp EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tstamp
+             time %Digits;   #REQUIRED
+             address %IP4Addr; #IMPLIED>
+   <!--
+       padding to bring header to 32-bit boundary.
+       pad MUST be "0"*
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT padding EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST padding
+             pad CDATA #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!-- payload MUST be encoded as base-64 [RFC2045], as modified
+        by section 2.1 of this RFC -->
+   <!ELEMENT payload (CDATA)>
+
+7.2.  TCPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for TCP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!-- the pseudoheader is only included for checksum calculations -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp (tcp.pseudoheader?, tcp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.header (src, dest, sequence, acknowledgement, offset,
+                         reserved, control, window, checksum, urgent,
+                         tcp.options, padding)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT src EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST src
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT dest EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 11]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST dest
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT sequence EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST sequence
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT acknowledgement EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST acknowledgement
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT reserved EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST reserved
+             value CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT control EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST control
+             urg (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             ack (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             psh (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             rst (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             syn (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             fin (0|1) #IMPLIED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT window EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= size <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST window
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!--
+      checksum as in ip, but with
+      the following pseudo-header added into the tcp element:
+     -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               tcp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      tcp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 12]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT urgent EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= pointer <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST urgent
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.options (tcp.end | tcp.noop | tcp.mss)+>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.end
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.noop
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.mss EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.mss
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+7.3.  UDPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for UDP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp (udp.pseudoheader?, udp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.header (src, dest, udp.length, checksum)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               udp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      udp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT udp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST udp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 13]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+8. Security Considerations
+
+   XML, as a subset of SGML, has the same security considerations as
+   specified in SGML Media Types [RFC1874].  Security considerations
+   that apply to IP, TCP and UDP also likely apply to BLOAT as it does
+   not attempt to correct for issues not related to message format.
+
+9.   References
+
+   [JABBER]    Miller, J., "Jabber", draft-miller-jabber-00.txt,
+               February 2002. (Work in Progress)
+
+   [RFC768]    Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
+               August 1980.
+
+   [RFC791]    Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
+               September 1981.
+
+   [RFC793]    Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC
+               793, September 1981.
+
+   [RFC894]    Hornig, C., "Standard for the Transmission of IP
+               Datagrams over Ethernet Networks.", RFC 894, April 1984.
+
+   [RFC1042]   Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Standard for the
+               Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802 Networks", STD
+               43, RFC 1042, February 1988.
+
+   [RFC1123]   Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
+               Application and Support", RFC 1123, October 1989.
+
+   [RFC1874]   Levinson, E., "SGML Media Types", RFC 1874, December
+               1995.
+
+   [RFC2003]   Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003,
+               October 1996.
+
+   [RFC2045]   Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
+               Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
+               Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
+
+   [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+
+   [RFC2279]   Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
+               10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 14]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   [RFC2460]   Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
+               (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
+
+   [RFC3080]   Rose, M., "The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core",
+               RFC 3080, March 2001.
+
+   [SOAP]      Box, D., Ehnebuske, D., Kakivaya, G., Layman, A.,
+               Mendelsohn, N., Nielsen, H. F., Thatte, S. Winer, D.,
+               "Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1" World Wide Web
+               Consortium Note, May 2000 http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/
+
+   [XML]       Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., "Extensible
+               Markup Language (XML)" World Wide Web Consortium
+               Recommendation REC- xml-19980210.
+               http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210
+
+10.  Author's Address
+
+   Hugh Kennedy
+   Mimezine
+   1060 West Addison
+   Chicago, IL 60613
+   USA
+
+   EMail: kennedyh@engin.umich.edu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 15]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+11.  Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
+   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
+   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
+   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
+   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
+   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
+   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
+   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
+   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
+   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
+   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
+   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
+   English.
+
+   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
+   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
+
+   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
+   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
+   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
+   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
+   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Acknowledgement
+
+   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
+   Internet Society.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 16]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Network Working Group                                         H. Kennedy
+Request for Comments: 3252                                      Mimezine
+Category: Informational                                     1 April 2002
+
+
+                 Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
+   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
+   memo is unlimited.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Abstract
+
+   This document defines a reformulation of IP and two transport layer
+   protocols (TCP and UDP) as XML applications.
+
+1.   Introduction
+
+1.1. Overview
+
+   This document describes the Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+   (BLOAT): a reformulation of a widely-deployed network-layer protocol
+   (IP [RFC791]), and two associated transport layer protocols (TCP
+   [RFC793] and UDP [RFC768]) as XML [XML] applications.  It also
+   describes methods for transporting BLOAT over Ethernet and IEEE 802
+   networks as well as encapsulating BLOAT in IP for gatewaying BLOAT
+   across the public Internet.
+
+1.2. Motivation
+
+   The wild popularity of XML as a basis for application-level protocols
+   such as the Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol [RFC3080], the Simple
+   Object Access Protocol [SOAP], and Jabber [JABBER] prompted
+   investigation into the possibility of extending the use of XML in the
+   protocol stack.  Using XML at both the transport and network layer in
+   addition to the application layer would provide for an amazing amount
+   of power and flexibility while removing dependencies on proprietary
+   and hard-to-understand binary protocols.  This protocol unification
+   would also allow applications to use a single XML parser for all
+   aspects of their operation, eliminating developer time spent figuring
+   out the intricacies of each new protocol, and moving the hard work of
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 1]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   parsing to the XML toolset.  The use of XML also mitigates concerns
+   over "network vs. host" byte ordering which is at the root of many
+   network application bugs.
+
+1.3. Relation to Existing Protocols
+
+   The reformulations specified in this RFC follow as closely as
+   possible the spirit of the RFCs on which they are based, and so MAY
+   contain elements or attributes that would not be needed in a pure
+   reworking (e.g. length attributes, which are implicit in XML.)
+
+   The layering of network and transport protocols are maintained in
+   this RFC despite the optimizations that could be made if the line
+   were somewhat blurred (i.e. merging TCP and IP into a single, larger
+   element in the DTD) in order to foster future use of this protocol as
+   a basis for reformulating other protocols (such as ICMP.)
+
+   Other than the encoding, the behavioral aspects of each of the
+   existing protocols remain unchanged.  Routing, address spaces, TCP
+   congestion control, etc. behave as specified in the extant standards.
+   Adapting to new standards and experimental algorithm heuristics for
+   improving performance will become much easier once the move to BLOAT
+   has been completed.
+
+1.4. Requirement Levels
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
+   [RFC2119].
+
+2.   IPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.
+   IPoXML is the root protocol REQUIRED for effective use of TCPoXML
+   (section 3.) and higher-level application protocols.
+
+   The DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.1.
+
+   The routing of IPoXML can be easily implemented on hosts with an XML
+   parser, as the regular structure lends itself handily to parsing and
+   validation of the document/datagram and then processing the
+   destination address, TTL, and checksum before sending it on to its
+   next-hop.
+
+   The reformulation of IPv4 was chosen over IPv6 [RFC2460] due to the
+   wider deployment of IPv4 and the fact that implementing IPv6 as XML
+   would have exceeded the 1500 byte Ethernet MTU.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 2]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   All BLOAT implementations MUST use - and specify - the UTF-8 encoding
+   of RFC 2279 [RFC2279].  All BLOAT document/datagrams MUST be well-
+   formed and include the XMLDecl.
+
+2.1. IP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed (for the better) from the original IP
+   specification.  Bit-masks, where present have been converted into
+   human-readable values.  IP addresses are listed in their dotted-
+   decimal notation [RFC1123].  Length and checksum values are present
+   as decimal integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the IP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used.  The canonical form
+   SHALL have no whitespace (including newline characters) between
+   elements and only one space character between attributes.  There
+   SHALL NOT be a space following the last attribute in an element.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums, as the
+   length field will vary based on the size of the checksum.
+
+   The payload element bears special attention.  Due to the character
+   set restrictions of XML, the payload of IP datagrams (which MAY
+   contain arbitrary data) MUST be encoded for transport. This RFC
+   REQUIRES the contents of the payload to be encoded in the base-64
+   encoding of RFC 2045 [RFC2045], but removes the requirement that the
+   encoded output MUST be wrapped on 76-character lines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 3]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+2.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example IPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <ip>
+   <header length="474">
+   <version value="4"/>
+   <tos precedence="Routine" delay="Normal" throughput="Normal"
+        relibility="Normal" reserved="0"/>
+   <total.length value="461"/>
+   <id value="1"/>
+   <flags reserved="0" df="dont" mf="last"/>
+   <offset value="0"/>
+   <ttl value="255"/>
+   <protocol value="6"/>
+   <checksum value="8707"/>
+   <source address="10.0.0.22"/>
+   <destination address="10.0.0.1"/>
+   <options>
+   <end copied="0" class="0" number="0"/>
+   </options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </ip>
+
+3.   TCPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.2.
+
+3.1. TCP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original TCP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the TCP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in
+   section 2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 4]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   The TCP offset element was expanded to a maximum of 255 from 16 to
+   allow for the increased size of the header in XML.
+
+   TCPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+3.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example TCPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <tcp>
+   <tcp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <sequence number="322622954"/>
+   <acknowledgement number="689715995"/>
+   <offset number=""/>
+   <reserved value="0"/>
+   <control syn="1" ack="1"/>
+   <window size="1"/>
+   <urgent pointer="0"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   <tcp.options>
+   <tcp.end kind="0"/>
+   </tcp.options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </tcp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </tcp>
+
+4.   UDPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.3.
+
+4.1. UDP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original UDP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 5]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the UDP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.  An
+   iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in section
+   2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+   UDPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+4.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example UDPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <udp>
+   <udp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <udp.length value="143"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   </udp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </udp>
+
+5.   Network Transport
+
+   This document provides for the transmission of BLOAT datagrams over
+   two common families of physical layer transport.  Future RFCs will
+   address additional transports as routing vendors catch up to the
+   specification, and we begin to see BLOAT routed across the Internet
+   backbone.
+
+5.1. Ethernet
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in Ethernet datagrams as in [RFC894] with the
+   exception that the type field of the Ethernet frame MUST contain the
+   value 0xBEEF.  The first 5 octets of the Ethernet frame payload will
+   be 0x3c 3f 78 6d 6c ("<?xml".)
+
+5.2. IEEE 802
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in IEEE 802 Networks as in [RFC1042] except
+   that the protocol type code for IPoXML is 0xBEEF.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 6]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+6. Gatewaying over IP
+
+   In order to facilitate the gradual introduction of BLOAT into the
+   public Internet, BLOAT MAY be encapsulated in IP as in [RFC2003] to
+   gateway between networks that run BLOAT natively on their LANs.
+
+7. DTDs
+
+   The Transport DTDs (7.2. and 7.3.) build on the definitions in the
+   Network DTD (7.1.)
+
+   The DTDs are referenced by their PubidLiteral and SystemLiteral (from
+   [XML]) although it is understood that most IPoXML implementations
+   will not need to pull down the DTD, as it will normally be embedded
+   in the implementation, and presents something of a catch-22 if you
+   need to load part of your network protocol over the network.
+
+7.1.  IPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+    DTD for IP over XML.
+    Refer to this DTD as:
+
+    <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+   <!--
+    DTD data types:
+
+      Digits      [0..9]+
+
+      Precedence  "NetworkControl | InternetworkControl |
+                   CRITIC | FlashOverride | Flash | Immediate |
+                   Priority | Routine"
+
+      IP4Addr     "dotted-decimal" notation of [RFC1123]
+
+      Class       [0..3]
+
+      Sec          "Unclassified | Confidential | EFTO | MMMM | PROG |
+                    Restricted | Secret | Top Secret | Reserved"
+
+      Compartments [0..65535]
+
+      Handling     [0..65535]
+
+      TCC          [0..16777216]
+
+   -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 7]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ENTITY % Digits "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Precedence "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % IP4Addr "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Class "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Sec "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Compartments "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Handling "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % TCC "CDATA">
+
+   <!ELEMENT ip (header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT header (version, tos, total.length, id, flags, offset, ttl,
+                    protocol, checksum, source, destination, options,
+                    padding)>
+   <!-- length of header in 32-bit words -->
+   <!ATTLIST header
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT version EMPTY>
+   <!-- ip version. SHOULD be "4" -->
+   <!ATTLIST version
+             value   %Digits;  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tos EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tos
+             precedence   %Precedence;    #REQUIRED
+             delay    (normal | low)  #REQUIRED
+             throughput   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             relibility   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             reserved     CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT total.length EMPTY>
+   <!--
+    total length of datagram (header and payload) in octets, MUST be
+    less than 65,535 (and SHOULD be less than 1024 for IPoXML on local
+    ethernets).
+   -->
+   <!ATTLIST total.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT id EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535  -->
+   <!ATTLIST id
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT flags EMPTY>
+   <!-- df = don't fragment, mf = more fragments  -->
+   <!ATTLIST flags
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 8]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+          reserved CDATA  #FIXED "0"
+          df (may|dont)   #REQUIRED
+          mf (last|more)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= offset <= 8192 measured in 8 octet (64-bit) chunks -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT ttl EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= ttl <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST ttl
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT protocol EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= protocol <= 255 (per IANA) -->
+   <!ATTLIST protocol
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT checksum EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= checksum <= 65535 (over header only) -->
+   <!ATTLIST checksum
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT source EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST source
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT destination EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST destination
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT options ( end | noop | security | loose | strict | record
+                     | stream | timestamp )*>
+
+   <!ELEMENT end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST end
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST noop
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT security EMPTY>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 9]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST security
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "11"
+             security %Sec; #REQUIRED
+             compartments %Compartments; #REQUIRED
+             handling %Handling; #REQUIRED
+             tcc %TCC; #REQUIRED>
+   <!ELEMENT loose (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST loose
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "3"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT hop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST hop
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT strict (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST strict
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "9"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT record (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST record
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "7"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT stream EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST stream
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "8"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             id %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT timestamp (tstamp)+>
+   <!-- 0 <= oflw <=15 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 10]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST timestamp
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             length %Digits;  #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             oflw %Digits;    #REQUIRED
+             flag (0 | 1 | 3)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tstamp EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tstamp
+             time %Digits;   #REQUIRED
+             address %IP4Addr; #IMPLIED>
+   <!--
+       padding to bring header to 32-bit boundary.
+       pad MUST be "0"*
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT padding EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST padding
+             pad CDATA #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!-- payload MUST be encoded as base-64 [RFC2045], as modified
+        by section 2.1 of this RFC -->
+   <!ELEMENT payload (CDATA)>
+
+7.2.  TCPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for TCP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!-- the pseudoheader is only included for checksum calculations -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp (tcp.pseudoheader?, tcp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.header (src, dest, sequence, acknowledgement, offset,
+                         reserved, control, window, checksum, urgent,
+                         tcp.options, padding)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT src EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST src
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT dest EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 11]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST dest
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT sequence EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST sequence
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT acknowledgement EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST acknowledgement
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT reserved EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST reserved
+             value CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT control EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST control
+             urg (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             ack (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             psh (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             rst (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             syn (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             fin (0|1) #IMPLIED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT window EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= size <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST window
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!--
+      checksum as in ip, but with
+      the following pseudo-header added into the tcp element:
+     -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               tcp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      tcp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 12]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT urgent EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= pointer <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST urgent
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.options (tcp.end | tcp.noop | tcp.mss)+>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.end
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.noop
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.mss EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.mss
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+7.3.  UDPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for UDP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp (udp.pseudoheader?, udp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.header (src, dest, udp.length, checksum)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               udp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      udp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT udp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST udp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 13]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+8. Security Considerations
+
+   XML, as a subset of SGML, has the same security considerations as
+   specified in SGML Media Types [RFC1874].  Security considerations
+   that apply to IP, TCP and UDP also likely apply to BLOAT as it does
+   not attempt to correct for issues not related to message format.
+
+9.   References
+
+   [JABBER]    Miller, J., "Jabber", draft-miller-jabber-00.txt,
+               February 2002. (Work in Progress)
+
+   [RFC768]    Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
+               August 1980.
+
+   [RFC791]    Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
+               September 1981.
+
+   [RFC793]    Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC
+               793, September 1981.
+
+   [RFC894]    Hornig, C., "Standard for the Transmission of IP
+               Datagrams over Ethernet Networks.", RFC 894, April 1984.
+
+   [RFC1042]   Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Standard for the
+               Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802 Networks", STD
+               43, RFC 1042, February 1988.
+
+   [RFC1123]   Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
+               Application and Support", RFC 1123, October 1989.
+
+   [RFC1874]   Levinson, E., "SGML Media Types", RFC 1874, December
+               1995.
+
+   [RFC2003]   Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003,
+               October 1996.
+
+   [RFC2045]   Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
+               Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
+               Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
+
+   [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+
+   [RFC2279]   Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
+               10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 14]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   [RFC2460]   Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
+               (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
+
+   [RFC3080]   Rose, M., "The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core",
+               RFC 3080, March 2001.
+
+   [SOAP]      Box, D., Ehnebuske, D., Kakivaya, G., Layman, A.,
+               Mendelsohn, N., Nielsen, H. F., Thatte, S. Winer, D.,
+               "Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1" World Wide Web
+               Consortium Note, May 2000 http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/
+
+   [XML]       Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., "Extensible
+               Markup Language (XML)" World Wide Web Consortium
+               Recommendation REC- xml-19980210.
+               http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210
+
+10.  Author's Address
+
+   Hugh Kennedy
+   Mimezine
+   1060 West Addison
+   Chicago, IL 60613
+   USA
+
+   EMail: kennedyh@engin.umich.edu
+
+
+
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+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 15]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+11.  Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
+   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
+   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
+   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
+   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
+   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
+   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
+   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
+   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
+   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
+   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
+   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
+   English.
+
+   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
+   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
+
+   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
+   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
+   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
+   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
+   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Acknowledgement
+
+   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
+   Internet Society.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 16]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Network Working Group                                         H. Kennedy
+Request for Comments: 3252                                      Mimezine
+Category: Informational                                     1 April 2002
+
+
+                 Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
+   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
+   memo is unlimited.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Abstract
+
+   This document defines a reformulation of IP and two transport layer
+   protocols (TCP and UDP) as XML applications.
+
+1.   Introduction
+
+1.1. Overview
+
+   This document describes the Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+   (BLOAT): a reformulation of a widely-deployed network-layer protocol
+   (IP [RFC791]), and two associated transport layer protocols (TCP
+   [RFC793] and UDP [RFC768]) as XML [XML] applications.  It also
+   describes methods for transporting BLOAT over Ethernet and IEEE 802
+   networks as well as encapsulating BLOAT in IP for gatewaying BLOAT
+   across the public Internet.
+
+1.2. Motivation
+
+   The wild popularity of XML as a basis for application-level protocols
+   such as the Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol [RFC3080], the Simple
+   Object Access Protocol [SOAP], and Jabber [JABBER] prompted
+   investigation into the possibility of extending the use of XML in the
+   protocol stack.  Using XML at both the transport and network layer in
+   addition to the application layer would provide for an amazing amount
+   of power and flexibility while removing dependencies on proprietary
+   and hard-to-understand binary protocols.  This protocol unification
+   would also allow applications to use a single XML parser for all
+   aspects of their operation, eliminating developer time spent figuring
+   out the intricacies of each new protocol, and moving the hard work of
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 1]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   parsing to the XML toolset.  The use of XML also mitigates concerns
+   over "network vs. host" byte ordering which is at the root of many
+   network application bugs.
+
+1.3. Relation to Existing Protocols
+
+   The reformulations specified in this RFC follow as closely as
+   possible the spirit of the RFCs on which they are based, and so MAY
+   contain elements or attributes that would not be needed in a pure
+   reworking (e.g. length attributes, which are implicit in XML.)
+
+   The layering of network and transport protocols are maintained in
+   this RFC despite the optimizations that could be made if the line
+   were somewhat blurred (i.e. merging TCP and IP into a single, larger
+   element in the DTD) in order to foster future use of this protocol as
+   a basis for reformulating other protocols (such as ICMP.)
+
+   Other than the encoding, the behavioral aspects of each of the
+   existing protocols remain unchanged.  Routing, address spaces, TCP
+   congestion control, etc. behave as specified in the extant standards.
+   Adapting to new standards and experimental algorithm heuristics for
+   improving performance will become much easier once the move to BLOAT
+   has been completed.
+
+1.4. Requirement Levels
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
+   [RFC2119].
+
+2.   IPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.
+   IPoXML is the root protocol REQUIRED for effective use of TCPoXML
+   (section 3.) and higher-level application protocols.
+
+   The DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.1.
+
+   The routing of IPoXML can be easily implemented on hosts with an XML
+   parser, as the regular structure lends itself handily to parsing and
+   validation of the document/datagram and then processing the
+   destination address, TTL, and checksum before sending it on to its
+   next-hop.
+
+   The reformulation of IPv4 was chosen over IPv6 [RFC2460] due to the
+   wider deployment of IPv4 and the fact that implementing IPv6 as XML
+   would have exceeded the 1500 byte Ethernet MTU.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 2]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   All BLOAT implementations MUST use - and specify - the UTF-8 encoding
+   of RFC 2279 [RFC2279].  All BLOAT document/datagrams MUST be well-
+   formed and include the XMLDecl.
+
+2.1. IP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed (for the better) from the original IP
+   specification.  Bit-masks, where present have been converted into
+   human-readable values.  IP addresses are listed in their dotted-
+   decimal notation [RFC1123].  Length and checksum values are present
+   as decimal integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the IP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used.  The canonical form
+   SHALL have no whitespace (including newline characters) between
+   elements and only one space character between attributes.  There
+   SHALL NOT be a space following the last attribute in an element.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums, as the
+   length field will vary based on the size of the checksum.
+
+   The payload element bears special attention.  Due to the character
+   set restrictions of XML, the payload of IP datagrams (which MAY
+   contain arbitrary data) MUST be encoded for transport. This RFC
+   REQUIRES the contents of the payload to be encoded in the base-64
+   encoding of RFC 2045 [RFC2045], but removes the requirement that the
+   encoded output MUST be wrapped on 76-character lines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 3]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+2.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example IPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <ip>
+   <header length="474">
+   <version value="4"/>
+   <tos precedence="Routine" delay="Normal" throughput="Normal"
+        relibility="Normal" reserved="0"/>
+   <total.length value="461"/>
+   <id value="1"/>
+   <flags reserved="0" df="dont" mf="last"/>
+   <offset value="0"/>
+   <ttl value="255"/>
+   <protocol value="6"/>
+   <checksum value="8707"/>
+   <source address="10.0.0.22"/>
+   <destination address="10.0.0.1"/>
+   <options>
+   <end copied="0" class="0" number="0"/>
+   </options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </ip>
+
+3.   TCPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.2.
+
+3.1. TCP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original TCP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the TCP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in
+   section 2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 4]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   The TCP offset element was expanded to a maximum of 255 from 16 to
+   allow for the increased size of the header in XML.
+
+   TCPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+3.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example TCPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <tcp>
+   <tcp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <sequence number="322622954"/>
+   <acknowledgement number="689715995"/>
+   <offset number=""/>
+   <reserved value="0"/>
+   <control syn="1" ack="1"/>
+   <window size="1"/>
+   <urgent pointer="0"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   <tcp.options>
+   <tcp.end kind="0"/>
+   </tcp.options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </tcp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </tcp>
+
+4.   UDPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.3.
+
+4.1. UDP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original UDP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 5]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the UDP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.  An
+   iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in section
+   2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+   UDPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+4.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example UDPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <udp>
+   <udp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <udp.length value="143"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   </udp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </udp>
+
+5.   Network Transport
+
+   This document provides for the transmission of BLOAT datagrams over
+   two common families of physical layer transport.  Future RFCs will
+   address additional transports as routing vendors catch up to the
+   specification, and we begin to see BLOAT routed across the Internet
+   backbone.
+
+5.1. Ethernet
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in Ethernet datagrams as in [RFC894] with the
+   exception that the type field of the Ethernet frame MUST contain the
+   value 0xBEEF.  The first 5 octets of the Ethernet frame payload will
+   be 0x3c 3f 78 6d 6c ("<?xml".)
+
+5.2. IEEE 802
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in IEEE 802 Networks as in [RFC1042] except
+   that the protocol type code for IPoXML is 0xBEEF.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 6]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+6. Gatewaying over IP
+
+   In order to facilitate the gradual introduction of BLOAT into the
+   public Internet, BLOAT MAY be encapsulated in IP as in [RFC2003] to
+   gateway between networks that run BLOAT natively on their LANs.
+
+7. DTDs
+
+   The Transport DTDs (7.2. and 7.3.) build on the definitions in the
+   Network DTD (7.1.)
+
+   The DTDs are referenced by their PubidLiteral and SystemLiteral (from
+   [XML]) although it is understood that most IPoXML implementations
+   will not need to pull down the DTD, as it will normally be embedded
+   in the implementation, and presents something of a catch-22 if you
+   need to load part of your network protocol over the network.
+
+7.1.  IPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+    DTD for IP over XML.
+    Refer to this DTD as:
+
+    <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+   <!--
+    DTD data types:
+
+      Digits      [0..9]+
+
+      Precedence  "NetworkControl | InternetworkControl |
+                   CRITIC | FlashOverride | Flash | Immediate |
+                   Priority | Routine"
+
+      IP4Addr     "dotted-decimal" notation of [RFC1123]
+
+      Class       [0..3]
+
+      Sec          "Unclassified | Confidential | EFTO | MMMM | PROG |
+                    Restricted | Secret | Top Secret | Reserved"
+
+      Compartments [0..65535]
+
+      Handling     [0..65535]
+
+      TCC          [0..16777216]
+
+   -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 7]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ENTITY % Digits "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Precedence "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % IP4Addr "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Class "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Sec "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Compartments "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Handling "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % TCC "CDATA">
+
+   <!ELEMENT ip (header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT header (version, tos, total.length, id, flags, offset, ttl,
+                    protocol, checksum, source, destination, options,
+                    padding)>
+   <!-- length of header in 32-bit words -->
+   <!ATTLIST header
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT version EMPTY>
+   <!-- ip version. SHOULD be "4" -->
+   <!ATTLIST version
+             value   %Digits;  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tos EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tos
+             precedence   %Precedence;    #REQUIRED
+             delay    (normal | low)  #REQUIRED
+             throughput   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             relibility   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             reserved     CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT total.length EMPTY>
+   <!--
+    total length of datagram (header and payload) in octets, MUST be
+    less than 65,535 (and SHOULD be less than 1024 for IPoXML on local
+    ethernets).
+   -->
+   <!ATTLIST total.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT id EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535  -->
+   <!ATTLIST id
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT flags EMPTY>
+   <!-- df = don't fragment, mf = more fragments  -->
+   <!ATTLIST flags
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 8]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+          reserved CDATA  #FIXED "0"
+          df (may|dont)   #REQUIRED
+          mf (last|more)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= offset <= 8192 measured in 8 octet (64-bit) chunks -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT ttl EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= ttl <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST ttl
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT protocol EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= protocol <= 255 (per IANA) -->
+   <!ATTLIST protocol
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT checksum EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= checksum <= 65535 (over header only) -->
+   <!ATTLIST checksum
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT source EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST source
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT destination EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST destination
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT options ( end | noop | security | loose | strict | record
+                     | stream | timestamp )*>
+
+   <!ELEMENT end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST end
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST noop
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT security EMPTY>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 9]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST security
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "11"
+             security %Sec; #REQUIRED
+             compartments %Compartments; #REQUIRED
+             handling %Handling; #REQUIRED
+             tcc %TCC; #REQUIRED>
+   <!ELEMENT loose (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST loose
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "3"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT hop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST hop
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT strict (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST strict
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "9"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT record (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST record
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "7"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT stream EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST stream
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "8"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             id %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT timestamp (tstamp)+>
+   <!-- 0 <= oflw <=15 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 10]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST timestamp
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             length %Digits;  #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             oflw %Digits;    #REQUIRED
+             flag (0 | 1 | 3)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tstamp EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tstamp
+             time %Digits;   #REQUIRED
+             address %IP4Addr; #IMPLIED>
+   <!--
+       padding to bring header to 32-bit boundary.
+       pad MUST be "0"*
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT padding EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST padding
+             pad CDATA #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!-- payload MUST be encoded as base-64 [RFC2045], as modified
+        by section 2.1 of this RFC -->
+   <!ELEMENT payload (CDATA)>
+
+7.2.  TCPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for TCP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!-- the pseudoheader is only included for checksum calculations -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp (tcp.pseudoheader?, tcp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.header (src, dest, sequence, acknowledgement, offset,
+                         reserved, control, window, checksum, urgent,
+                         tcp.options, padding)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT src EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST src
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT dest EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 11]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST dest
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT sequence EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST sequence
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT acknowledgement EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST acknowledgement
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT reserved EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST reserved
+             value CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT control EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST control
+             urg (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             ack (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             psh (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             rst (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             syn (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             fin (0|1) #IMPLIED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT window EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= size <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST window
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!--
+      checksum as in ip, but with
+      the following pseudo-header added into the tcp element:
+     -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               tcp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      tcp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 12]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT urgent EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= pointer <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST urgent
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.options (tcp.end | tcp.noop | tcp.mss)+>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.end
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.noop
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.mss EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.mss
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+7.3.  UDPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for UDP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp (udp.pseudoheader?, udp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.header (src, dest, udp.length, checksum)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               udp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      udp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT udp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST udp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 13]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+8. Security Considerations
+
+   XML, as a subset of SGML, has the same security considerations as
+   specified in SGML Media Types [RFC1874].  Security considerations
+   that apply to IP, TCP and UDP also likely apply to BLOAT as it does
+   not attempt to correct for issues not related to message format.
+
+9.   References
+
+   [JABBER]    Miller, J., "Jabber", draft-miller-jabber-00.txt,
+               February 2002. (Work in Progress)
+
+   [RFC768]    Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
+               August 1980.
+
+   [RFC791]    Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
+               September 1981.
+
+   [RFC793]    Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC
+               793, September 1981.
+
+   [RFC894]    Hornig, C., "Standard for the Transmission of IP
+               Datagrams over Ethernet Networks.", RFC 894, April 1984.
+
+   [RFC1042]   Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Standard for the
+               Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802 Networks", STD
+               43, RFC 1042, February 1988.
+
+   [RFC1123]   Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
+               Application and Support", RFC 1123, October 1989.
+
+   [RFC1874]   Levinson, E., "SGML Media Types", RFC 1874, December
+               1995.
+
+   [RFC2003]   Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003,
+               October 1996.
+
+   [RFC2045]   Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
+               Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
+               Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
+
+   [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+
+   [RFC2279]   Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
+               10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 14]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   [RFC2460]   Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
+               (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
+
+   [RFC3080]   Rose, M., "The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core",
+               RFC 3080, March 2001.
+
+   [SOAP]      Box, D., Ehnebuske, D., Kakivaya, G., Layman, A.,
+               Mendelsohn, N., Nielsen, H. F., Thatte, S. Winer, D.,
+               "Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1" World Wide Web
+               Consortium Note, May 2000 http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/
+
+   [XML]       Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., "Extensible
+               Markup Language (XML)" World Wide Web Consortium
+               Recommendation REC- xml-19980210.
+               http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210
+
+10.  Author's Address
+
+   Hugh Kennedy
+   Mimezine
+   1060 West Addison
+   Chicago, IL 60613
+   USA
+
+   EMail: kennedyh@engin.umich.edu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 15]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+11.  Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
+   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
+   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
+   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
+   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
+   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
+   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
+   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
+   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
+   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
+   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
+   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
+   English.
+
+   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
+   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
+
+   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
+   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
+   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
+   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
+   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Acknowledgement
+
+   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
+   Internet Society.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 16]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Network Working Group                                         H. Kennedy
+Request for Comments: 3252                                      Mimezine
+Category: Informational                                     1 April 2002
+
+
+                 Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
+   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
+   memo is unlimited.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Abstract
+
+   This document defines a reformulation of IP and two transport layer
+   protocols (TCP and UDP) as XML applications.
+
+1.   Introduction
+
+1.1. Overview
+
+   This document describes the Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+   (BLOAT): a reformulation of a widely-deployed network-layer protocol
+   (IP [RFC791]), and two associated transport layer protocols (TCP
+   [RFC793] and UDP [RFC768]) as XML [XML] applications.  It also
+   describes methods for transporting BLOAT over Ethernet and IEEE 802
+   networks as well as encapsulating BLOAT in IP for gatewaying BLOAT
+   across the public Internet.
+
+1.2. Motivation
+
+   The wild popularity of XML as a basis for application-level protocols
+   such as the Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol [RFC3080], the Simple
+   Object Access Protocol [SOAP], and Jabber [JABBER] prompted
+   investigation into the possibility of extending the use of XML in the
+   protocol stack.  Using XML at both the transport and network layer in
+   addition to the application layer would provide for an amazing amount
+   of power and flexibility while removing dependencies on proprietary
+   and hard-to-understand binary protocols.  This protocol unification
+   would also allow applications to use a single XML parser for all
+   aspects of their operation, eliminating developer time spent figuring
+   out the intricacies of each new protocol, and moving the hard work of
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 1]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   parsing to the XML toolset.  The use of XML also mitigates concerns
+   over "network vs. host" byte ordering which is at the root of many
+   network application bugs.
+
+1.3. Relation to Existing Protocols
+
+   The reformulations specified in this RFC follow as closely as
+   possible the spirit of the RFCs on which they are based, and so MAY
+   contain elements or attributes that would not be needed in a pure
+   reworking (e.g. length attributes, which are implicit in XML.)
+
+   The layering of network and transport protocols are maintained in
+   this RFC despite the optimizations that could be made if the line
+   were somewhat blurred (i.e. merging TCP and IP into a single, larger
+   element in the DTD) in order to foster future use of this protocol as
+   a basis for reformulating other protocols (such as ICMP.)
+
+   Other than the encoding, the behavioral aspects of each of the
+   existing protocols remain unchanged.  Routing, address spaces, TCP
+   congestion control, etc. behave as specified in the extant standards.
+   Adapting to new standards and experimental algorithm heuristics for
+   improving performance will become much easier once the move to BLOAT
+   has been completed.
+
+1.4. Requirement Levels
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
+   [RFC2119].
+
+2.   IPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.
+   IPoXML is the root protocol REQUIRED for effective use of TCPoXML
+   (section 3.) and higher-level application protocols.
+
+   The DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.1.
+
+   The routing of IPoXML can be easily implemented on hosts with an XML
+   parser, as the regular structure lends itself handily to parsing and
+   validation of the document/datagram and then processing the
+   destination address, TTL, and checksum before sending it on to its
+   next-hop.
+
+   The reformulation of IPv4 was chosen over IPv6 [RFC2460] due to the
+   wider deployment of IPv4 and the fact that implementing IPv6 as XML
+   would have exceeded the 1500 byte Ethernet MTU.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 2]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   All BLOAT implementations MUST use - and specify - the UTF-8 encoding
+   of RFC 2279 [RFC2279].  All BLOAT document/datagrams MUST be well-
+   formed and include the XMLDecl.
+
+2.1. IP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed (for the better) from the original IP
+   specification.  Bit-masks, where present have been converted into
+   human-readable values.  IP addresses are listed in their dotted-
+   decimal notation [RFC1123].  Length and checksum values are present
+   as decimal integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the IP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used.  The canonical form
+   SHALL have no whitespace (including newline characters) between
+   elements and only one space character between attributes.  There
+   SHALL NOT be a space following the last attribute in an element.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums, as the
+   length field will vary based on the size of the checksum.
+
+   The payload element bears special attention.  Due to the character
+   set restrictions of XML, the payload of IP datagrams (which MAY
+   contain arbitrary data) MUST be encoded for transport. This RFC
+   REQUIRES the contents of the payload to be encoded in the base-64
+   encoding of RFC 2045 [RFC2045], but removes the requirement that the
+   encoded output MUST be wrapped on 76-character lines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 3]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+2.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example IPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <ip>
+   <header length="474">
+   <version value="4"/>
+   <tos precedence="Routine" delay="Normal" throughput="Normal"
+        relibility="Normal" reserved="0"/>
+   <total.length value="461"/>
+   <id value="1"/>
+   <flags reserved="0" df="dont" mf="last"/>
+   <offset value="0"/>
+   <ttl value="255"/>
+   <protocol value="6"/>
+   <checksum value="8707"/>
+   <source address="10.0.0.22"/>
+   <destination address="10.0.0.1"/>
+   <options>
+   <end copied="0" class="0" number="0"/>
+   </options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </ip>
+
+3.   TCPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.2.
+
+3.1. TCP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original TCP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the TCP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in
+   section 2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 4]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   The TCP offset element was expanded to a maximum of 255 from 16 to
+   allow for the increased size of the header in XML.
+
+   TCPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+3.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example TCPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <tcp>
+   <tcp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <sequence number="322622954"/>
+   <acknowledgement number="689715995"/>
+   <offset number=""/>
+   <reserved value="0"/>
+   <control syn="1" ack="1"/>
+   <window size="1"/>
+   <urgent pointer="0"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   <tcp.options>
+   <tcp.end kind="0"/>
+   </tcp.options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </tcp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </tcp>
+
+4.   UDPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.3.
+
+4.1. UDP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original UDP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 5]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the UDP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.  An
+   iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in section
+   2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+   UDPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+4.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example UDPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <udp>
+   <udp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <udp.length value="143"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   </udp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </udp>
+
+5.   Network Transport
+
+   This document provides for the transmission of BLOAT datagrams over
+   two common families of physical layer transport.  Future RFCs will
+   address additional transports as routing vendors catch up to the
+   specification, and we begin to see BLOAT routed across the Internet
+   backbone.
+
+5.1. Ethernet
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in Ethernet datagrams as in [RFC894] with the
+   exception that the type field of the Ethernet frame MUST contain the
+   value 0xBEEF.  The first 5 octets of the Ethernet frame payload will
+   be 0x3c 3f 78 6d 6c ("<?xml".)
+
+5.2. IEEE 802
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in IEEE 802 Networks as in [RFC1042] except
+   that the protocol type code for IPoXML is 0xBEEF.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 6]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+6. Gatewaying over IP
+
+   In order to facilitate the gradual introduction of BLOAT into the
+   public Internet, BLOAT MAY be encapsulated in IP as in [RFC2003] to
+   gateway between networks that run BLOAT natively on their LANs.
+
+7. DTDs
+
+   The Transport DTDs (7.2. and 7.3.) build on the definitions in the
+   Network DTD (7.1.)
+
+   The DTDs are referenced by their PubidLiteral and SystemLiteral (from
+   [XML]) although it is understood that most IPoXML implementations
+   will not need to pull down the DTD, as it will normally be embedded
+   in the implementation, and presents something of a catch-22 if you
+   need to load part of your network protocol over the network.
+
+7.1.  IPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+    DTD for IP over XML.
+    Refer to this DTD as:
+
+    <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+   <!--
+    DTD data types:
+
+      Digits      [0..9]+
+
+      Precedence  "NetworkControl | InternetworkControl |
+                   CRITIC | FlashOverride | Flash | Immediate |
+                   Priority | Routine"
+
+      IP4Addr     "dotted-decimal" notation of [RFC1123]
+
+      Class       [0..3]
+
+      Sec          "Unclassified | Confidential | EFTO | MMMM | PROG |
+                    Restricted | Secret | Top Secret | Reserved"
+
+      Compartments [0..65535]
+
+      Handling     [0..65535]
+
+      TCC          [0..16777216]
+
+   -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 7]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ENTITY % Digits "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Precedence "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % IP4Addr "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Class "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Sec "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Compartments "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Handling "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % TCC "CDATA">
+
+   <!ELEMENT ip (header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT header (version, tos, total.length, id, flags, offset, ttl,
+                    protocol, checksum, source, destination, options,
+                    padding)>
+   <!-- length of header in 32-bit words -->
+   <!ATTLIST header
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT version EMPTY>
+   <!-- ip version. SHOULD be "4" -->
+   <!ATTLIST version
+             value   %Digits;  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tos EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tos
+             precedence   %Precedence;    #REQUIRED
+             delay    (normal | low)  #REQUIRED
+             throughput   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             relibility   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             reserved     CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT total.length EMPTY>
+   <!--
+    total length of datagram (header and payload) in octets, MUST be
+    less than 65,535 (and SHOULD be less than 1024 for IPoXML on local
+    ethernets).
+   -->
+   <!ATTLIST total.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT id EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535  -->
+   <!ATTLIST id
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT flags EMPTY>
+   <!-- df = don't fragment, mf = more fragments  -->
+   <!ATTLIST flags
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 8]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+          reserved CDATA  #FIXED "0"
+          df (may|dont)   #REQUIRED
+          mf (last|more)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= offset <= 8192 measured in 8 octet (64-bit) chunks -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT ttl EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= ttl <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST ttl
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT protocol EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= protocol <= 255 (per IANA) -->
+   <!ATTLIST protocol
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT checksum EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= checksum <= 65535 (over header only) -->
+   <!ATTLIST checksum
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT source EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST source
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT destination EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST destination
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT options ( end | noop | security | loose | strict | record
+                     | stream | timestamp )*>
+
+   <!ELEMENT end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST end
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST noop
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT security EMPTY>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 9]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST security
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "11"
+             security %Sec; #REQUIRED
+             compartments %Compartments; #REQUIRED
+             handling %Handling; #REQUIRED
+             tcc %TCC; #REQUIRED>
+   <!ELEMENT loose (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST loose
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "3"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT hop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST hop
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT strict (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST strict
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "9"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT record (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST record
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "7"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT stream EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST stream
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "8"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             id %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT timestamp (tstamp)+>
+   <!-- 0 <= oflw <=15 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 10]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST timestamp
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             length %Digits;  #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             oflw %Digits;    #REQUIRED
+             flag (0 | 1 | 3)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tstamp EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tstamp
+             time %Digits;   #REQUIRED
+             address %IP4Addr; #IMPLIED>
+   <!--
+       padding to bring header to 32-bit boundary.
+       pad MUST be "0"*
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT padding EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST padding
+             pad CDATA #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!-- payload MUST be encoded as base-64 [RFC2045], as modified
+        by section 2.1 of this RFC -->
+   <!ELEMENT payload (CDATA)>
+
+7.2.  TCPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for TCP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!-- the pseudoheader is only included for checksum calculations -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp (tcp.pseudoheader?, tcp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.header (src, dest, sequence, acknowledgement, offset,
+                         reserved, control, window, checksum, urgent,
+                         tcp.options, padding)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT src EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST src
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT dest EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 11]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST dest
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT sequence EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST sequence
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT acknowledgement EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST acknowledgement
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT reserved EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST reserved
+             value CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT control EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST control
+             urg (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             ack (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             psh (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             rst (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             syn (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             fin (0|1) #IMPLIED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT window EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= size <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST window
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!--
+      checksum as in ip, but with
+      the following pseudo-header added into the tcp element:
+     -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               tcp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      tcp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 12]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT urgent EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= pointer <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST urgent
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.options (tcp.end | tcp.noop | tcp.mss)+>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.end
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.noop
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.mss EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.mss
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+7.3.  UDPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for UDP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp (udp.pseudoheader?, udp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.header (src, dest, udp.length, checksum)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               udp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      udp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT udp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST udp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 13]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+8. Security Considerations
+
+   XML, as a subset of SGML, has the same security considerations as
+   specified in SGML Media Types [RFC1874].  Security considerations
+   that apply to IP, TCP and UDP also likely apply to BLOAT as it does
+   not attempt to correct for issues not related to message format.
+
+9.   References
+
+   [JABBER]    Miller, J., "Jabber", draft-miller-jabber-00.txt,
+               February 2002. (Work in Progress)
+
+   [RFC768]    Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
+               August 1980.
+
+   [RFC791]    Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
+               September 1981.
+
+   [RFC793]    Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC
+               793, September 1981.
+
+   [RFC894]    Hornig, C., "Standard for the Transmission of IP
+               Datagrams over Ethernet Networks.", RFC 894, April 1984.
+
+   [RFC1042]   Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Standard for the
+               Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802 Networks", STD
+               43, RFC 1042, February 1988.
+
+   [RFC1123]   Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
+               Application and Support", RFC 1123, October 1989.
+
+   [RFC1874]   Levinson, E., "SGML Media Types", RFC 1874, December
+               1995.
+
+   [RFC2003]   Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003,
+               October 1996.
+
+   [RFC2045]   Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
+               Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
+               Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
+
+   [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+
+   [RFC2279]   Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
+               10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 14]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   [RFC2460]   Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
+               (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
+
+   [RFC3080]   Rose, M., "The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core",
+               RFC 3080, March 2001.
+
+   [SOAP]      Box, D., Ehnebuske, D., Kakivaya, G., Layman, A.,
+               Mendelsohn, N., Nielsen, H. F., Thatte, S. Winer, D.,
+               "Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1" World Wide Web
+               Consortium Note, May 2000 http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/
+
+   [XML]       Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., "Extensible
+               Markup Language (XML)" World Wide Web Consortium
+               Recommendation REC- xml-19980210.
+               http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210
+
+10.  Author's Address
+
+   Hugh Kennedy
+   Mimezine
+   1060 West Addison
+   Chicago, IL 60613
+   USA
+
+   EMail: kennedyh@engin.umich.edu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 15]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+11.  Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
+   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
+   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
+   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
+   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
+   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
+   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
+   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
+   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
+   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
+   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
+   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
+   English.
+
+   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
+   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
+
+   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
+   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
+   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
+   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
+   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Acknowledgement
+
+   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
+   Internet Society.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 16]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Network Working Group                                         H. Kennedy
+Request for Comments: 3252                                      Mimezine
+Category: Informational                                     1 April 2002
+
+
+                 Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
+   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
+   memo is unlimited.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Abstract
+
+   This document defines a reformulation of IP and two transport layer
+   protocols (TCP and UDP) as XML applications.
+
+1.   Introduction
+
+1.1. Overview
+
+   This document describes the Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+   (BLOAT): a reformulation of a widely-deployed network-layer protocol
+   (IP [RFC791]), and two associated transport layer protocols (TCP
+   [RFC793] and UDP [RFC768]) as XML [XML] applications.  It also
+   describes methods for transporting BLOAT over Ethernet and IEEE 802
+   networks as well as encapsulating BLOAT in IP for gatewaying BLOAT
+   across the public Internet.
+
+1.2. Motivation
+
+   The wild popularity of XML as a basis for application-level protocols
+   such as the Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol [RFC3080], the Simple
+   Object Access Protocol [SOAP], and Jabber [JABBER] prompted
+   investigation into the possibility of extending the use of XML in the
+   protocol stack.  Using XML at both the transport and network layer in
+   addition to the application layer would provide for an amazing amount
+   of power and flexibility while removing dependencies on proprietary
+   and hard-to-understand binary protocols.  This protocol unification
+   would also allow applications to use a single XML parser for all
+   aspects of their operation, eliminating developer time spent figuring
+   out the intricacies of each new protocol, and moving the hard work of
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 1]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   parsing to the XML toolset.  The use of XML also mitigates concerns
+   over "network vs. host" byte ordering which is at the root of many
+   network application bugs.
+
+1.3. Relation to Existing Protocols
+
+   The reformulations specified in this RFC follow as closely as
+   possible the spirit of the RFCs on which they are based, and so MAY
+   contain elements or attributes that would not be needed in a pure
+   reworking (e.g. length attributes, which are implicit in XML.)
+
+   The layering of network and transport protocols are maintained in
+   this RFC despite the optimizations that could be made if the line
+   were somewhat blurred (i.e. merging TCP and IP into a single, larger
+   element in the DTD) in order to foster future use of this protocol as
+   a basis for reformulating other protocols (such as ICMP.)
+
+   Other than the encoding, the behavioral aspects of each of the
+   existing protocols remain unchanged.  Routing, address spaces, TCP
+   congestion control, etc. behave as specified in the extant standards.
+   Adapting to new standards and experimental algorithm heuristics for
+   improving performance will become much easier once the move to BLOAT
+   has been completed.
+
+1.4. Requirement Levels
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
+   [RFC2119].
+
+2.   IPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.
+   IPoXML is the root protocol REQUIRED for effective use of TCPoXML
+   (section 3.) and higher-level application protocols.
+
+   The DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.1.
+
+   The routing of IPoXML can be easily implemented on hosts with an XML
+   parser, as the regular structure lends itself handily to parsing and
+   validation of the document/datagram and then processing the
+   destination address, TTL, and checksum before sending it on to its
+   next-hop.
+
+   The reformulation of IPv4 was chosen over IPv6 [RFC2460] due to the
+   wider deployment of IPv4 and the fact that implementing IPv6 as XML
+   would have exceeded the 1500 byte Ethernet MTU.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 2]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   All BLOAT implementations MUST use - and specify - the UTF-8 encoding
+   of RFC 2279 [RFC2279].  All BLOAT document/datagrams MUST be well-
+   formed and include the XMLDecl.
+
+2.1. IP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed (for the better) from the original IP
+   specification.  Bit-masks, where present have been converted into
+   human-readable values.  IP addresses are listed in their dotted-
+   decimal notation [RFC1123].  Length and checksum values are present
+   as decimal integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the IP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used.  The canonical form
+   SHALL have no whitespace (including newline characters) between
+   elements and only one space character between attributes.  There
+   SHALL NOT be a space following the last attribute in an element.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums, as the
+   length field will vary based on the size of the checksum.
+
+   The payload element bears special attention.  Due to the character
+   set restrictions of XML, the payload of IP datagrams (which MAY
+   contain arbitrary data) MUST be encoded for transport. This RFC
+   REQUIRES the contents of the payload to be encoded in the base-64
+   encoding of RFC 2045 [RFC2045], but removes the requirement that the
+   encoded output MUST be wrapped on 76-character lines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 3]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+2.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example IPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <ip>
+   <header length="474">
+   <version value="4"/>
+   <tos precedence="Routine" delay="Normal" throughput="Normal"
+        relibility="Normal" reserved="0"/>
+   <total.length value="461"/>
+   <id value="1"/>
+   <flags reserved="0" df="dont" mf="last"/>
+   <offset value="0"/>
+   <ttl value="255"/>
+   <protocol value="6"/>
+   <checksum value="8707"/>
+   <source address="10.0.0.22"/>
+   <destination address="10.0.0.1"/>
+   <options>
+   <end copied="0" class="0" number="0"/>
+   </options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </ip>
+
+3.   TCPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.2.
+
+3.1. TCP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original TCP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the TCP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in
+   section 2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 4]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   The TCP offset element was expanded to a maximum of 255 from 16 to
+   allow for the increased size of the header in XML.
+
+   TCPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+3.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example TCPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <tcp>
+   <tcp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <sequence number="322622954"/>
+   <acknowledgement number="689715995"/>
+   <offset number=""/>
+   <reserved value="0"/>
+   <control syn="1" ack="1"/>
+   <window size="1"/>
+   <urgent pointer="0"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   <tcp.options>
+   <tcp.end kind="0"/>
+   </tcp.options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </tcp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </tcp>
+
+4.   UDPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.3.
+
+4.1. UDP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original UDP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 5]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the UDP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.  An
+   iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in section
+   2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+   UDPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+4.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example UDPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <udp>
+   <udp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <udp.length value="143"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   </udp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </udp>
+
+5.   Network Transport
+
+   This document provides for the transmission of BLOAT datagrams over
+   two common families of physical layer transport.  Future RFCs will
+   address additional transports as routing vendors catch up to the
+   specification, and we begin to see BLOAT routed across the Internet
+   backbone.
+
+5.1. Ethernet
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in Ethernet datagrams as in [RFC894] with the
+   exception that the type field of the Ethernet frame MUST contain the
+   value 0xBEEF.  The first 5 octets of the Ethernet frame payload will
+   be 0x3c 3f 78 6d 6c ("<?xml".)
+
+5.2. IEEE 802
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in IEEE 802 Networks as in [RFC1042] except
+   that the protocol type code for IPoXML is 0xBEEF.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 6]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+6. Gatewaying over IP
+
+   In order to facilitate the gradual introduction of BLOAT into the
+   public Internet, BLOAT MAY be encapsulated in IP as in [RFC2003] to
+   gateway between networks that run BLOAT natively on their LANs.
+
+7. DTDs
+
+   The Transport DTDs (7.2. and 7.3.) build on the definitions in the
+   Network DTD (7.1.)
+
+   The DTDs are referenced by their PubidLiteral and SystemLiteral (from
+   [XML]) although it is understood that most IPoXML implementations
+   will not need to pull down the DTD, as it will normally be embedded
+   in the implementation, and presents something of a catch-22 if you
+   need to load part of your network protocol over the network.
+
+7.1.  IPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+    DTD for IP over XML.
+    Refer to this DTD as:
+
+    <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+   <!--
+    DTD data types:
+
+      Digits      [0..9]+
+
+      Precedence  "NetworkControl | InternetworkControl |
+                   CRITIC | FlashOverride | Flash | Immediate |
+                   Priority | Routine"
+
+      IP4Addr     "dotted-decimal" notation of [RFC1123]
+
+      Class       [0..3]
+
+      Sec          "Unclassified | Confidential | EFTO | MMMM | PROG |
+                    Restricted | Secret | Top Secret | Reserved"
+
+      Compartments [0..65535]
+
+      Handling     [0..65535]
+
+      TCC          [0..16777216]
+
+   -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 7]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ENTITY % Digits "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Precedence "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % IP4Addr "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Class "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Sec "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Compartments "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Handling "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % TCC "CDATA">
+
+   <!ELEMENT ip (header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT header (version, tos, total.length, id, flags, offset, ttl,
+                    protocol, checksum, source, destination, options,
+                    padding)>
+   <!-- length of header in 32-bit words -->
+   <!ATTLIST header
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT version EMPTY>
+   <!-- ip version. SHOULD be "4" -->
+   <!ATTLIST version
+             value   %Digits;  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tos EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tos
+             precedence   %Precedence;    #REQUIRED
+             delay    (normal | low)  #REQUIRED
+             throughput   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             relibility   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             reserved     CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT total.length EMPTY>
+   <!--
+    total length of datagram (header and payload) in octets, MUST be
+    less than 65,535 (and SHOULD be less than 1024 for IPoXML on local
+    ethernets).
+   -->
+   <!ATTLIST total.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT id EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535  -->
+   <!ATTLIST id
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT flags EMPTY>
+   <!-- df = don't fragment, mf = more fragments  -->
+   <!ATTLIST flags
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 8]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+          reserved CDATA  #FIXED "0"
+          df (may|dont)   #REQUIRED
+          mf (last|more)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= offset <= 8192 measured in 8 octet (64-bit) chunks -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT ttl EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= ttl <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST ttl
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT protocol EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= protocol <= 255 (per IANA) -->
+   <!ATTLIST protocol
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT checksum EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= checksum <= 65535 (over header only) -->
+   <!ATTLIST checksum
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT source EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST source
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT destination EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST destination
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT options ( end | noop | security | loose | strict | record
+                     | stream | timestamp )*>
+
+   <!ELEMENT end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST end
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST noop
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT security EMPTY>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 9]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST security
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "11"
+             security %Sec; #REQUIRED
+             compartments %Compartments; #REQUIRED
+             handling %Handling; #REQUIRED
+             tcc %TCC; #REQUIRED>
+   <!ELEMENT loose (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST loose
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "3"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT hop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST hop
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT strict (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST strict
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "9"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT record (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST record
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "7"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT stream EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST stream
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "8"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             id %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT timestamp (tstamp)+>
+   <!-- 0 <= oflw <=15 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 10]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST timestamp
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             length %Digits;  #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             oflw %Digits;    #REQUIRED
+             flag (0 | 1 | 3)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tstamp EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tstamp
+             time %Digits;   #REQUIRED
+             address %IP4Addr; #IMPLIED>
+   <!--
+       padding to bring header to 32-bit boundary.
+       pad MUST be "0"*
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT padding EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST padding
+             pad CDATA #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!-- payload MUST be encoded as base-64 [RFC2045], as modified
+        by section 2.1 of this RFC -->
+   <!ELEMENT payload (CDATA)>
+
+7.2.  TCPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for TCP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!-- the pseudoheader is only included for checksum calculations -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp (tcp.pseudoheader?, tcp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.header (src, dest, sequence, acknowledgement, offset,
+                         reserved, control, window, checksum, urgent,
+                         tcp.options, padding)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT src EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST src
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT dest EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 11]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST dest
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT sequence EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST sequence
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT acknowledgement EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST acknowledgement
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT reserved EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST reserved
+             value CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT control EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST control
+             urg (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             ack (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             psh (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             rst (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             syn (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             fin (0|1) #IMPLIED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT window EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= size <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST window
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!--
+      checksum as in ip, but with
+      the following pseudo-header added into the tcp element:
+     -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               tcp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      tcp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 12]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT urgent EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= pointer <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST urgent
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.options (tcp.end | tcp.noop | tcp.mss)+>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.end
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.noop
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.mss EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.mss
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+7.3.  UDPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for UDP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp (udp.pseudoheader?, udp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.header (src, dest, udp.length, checksum)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               udp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      udp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT udp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST udp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 13]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+8. Security Considerations
+
+   XML, as a subset of SGML, has the same security considerations as
+   specified in SGML Media Types [RFC1874].  Security considerations
+   that apply to IP, TCP and UDP also likely apply to BLOAT as it does
+   not attempt to correct for issues not related to message format.
+
+9.   References
+
+   [JABBER]    Miller, J., "Jabber", draft-miller-jabber-00.txt,
+               February 2002. (Work in Progress)
+
+   [RFC768]    Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
+               August 1980.
+
+   [RFC791]    Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
+               September 1981.
+
+   [RFC793]    Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC
+               793, September 1981.
+
+   [RFC894]    Hornig, C., "Standard for the Transmission of IP
+               Datagrams over Ethernet Networks.", RFC 894, April 1984.
+
+   [RFC1042]   Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Standard for the
+               Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802 Networks", STD
+               43, RFC 1042, February 1988.
+
+   [RFC1123]   Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
+               Application and Support", RFC 1123, October 1989.
+
+   [RFC1874]   Levinson, E., "SGML Media Types", RFC 1874, December
+               1995.
+
+   [RFC2003]   Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003,
+               October 1996.
+
+   [RFC2045]   Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
+               Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
+               Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
+
+   [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+
+   [RFC2279]   Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
+               10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 14]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   [RFC2460]   Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
+               (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
+
+   [RFC3080]   Rose, M., "The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core",
+               RFC 3080, March 2001.
+
+   [SOAP]      Box, D., Ehnebuske, D., Kakivaya, G., Layman, A.,
+               Mendelsohn, N., Nielsen, H. F., Thatte, S. Winer, D.,
+               "Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1" World Wide Web
+               Consortium Note, May 2000 http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/
+
+   [XML]       Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., "Extensible
+               Markup Language (XML)" World Wide Web Consortium
+               Recommendation REC- xml-19980210.
+               http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210
+
+10.  Author's Address
+
+   Hugh Kennedy
+   Mimezine
+   1060 West Addison
+   Chicago, IL 60613
+   USA
+
+   EMail: kennedyh@engin.umich.edu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 15]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+11.  Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
+   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
+   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
+   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
+   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
+   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
+   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
+   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
+   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
+   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
+   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
+   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
+   English.
+
+   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
+   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
+
+   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
+   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
+   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
+   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
+   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Acknowledgement
+
+   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
+   Internet Society.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 16]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Network Working Group                                         H. Kennedy
+Request for Comments: 3252                                      Mimezine
+Category: Informational                                     1 April 2002
+
+
+                 Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
+   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
+   memo is unlimited.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Abstract
+
+   This document defines a reformulation of IP and two transport layer
+   protocols (TCP and UDP) as XML applications.
+
+1.   Introduction
+
+1.1. Overview
+
+   This document describes the Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+   (BLOAT): a reformulation of a widely-deployed network-layer protocol
+   (IP [RFC791]), and two associated transport layer protocols (TCP
+   [RFC793] and UDP [RFC768]) as XML [XML] applications.  It also
+   describes methods for transporting BLOAT over Ethernet and IEEE 802
+   networks as well as encapsulating BLOAT in IP for gatewaying BLOAT
+   across the public Internet.
+
+1.2. Motivation
+
+   The wild popularity of XML as a basis for application-level protocols
+   such as the Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol [RFC3080], the Simple
+   Object Access Protocol [SOAP], and Jabber [JABBER] prompted
+   investigation into the possibility of extending the use of XML in the
+   protocol stack.  Using XML at both the transport and network layer in
+   addition to the application layer would provide for an amazing amount
+   of power and flexibility while removing dependencies on proprietary
+   and hard-to-understand binary protocols.  This protocol unification
+   would also allow applications to use a single XML parser for all
+   aspects of their operation, eliminating developer time spent figuring
+   out the intricacies of each new protocol, and moving the hard work of
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 1]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   parsing to the XML toolset.  The use of XML also mitigates concerns
+   over "network vs. host" byte ordering which is at the root of many
+   network application bugs.
+
+1.3. Relation to Existing Protocols
+
+   The reformulations specified in this RFC follow as closely as
+   possible the spirit of the RFCs on which they are based, and so MAY
+   contain elements or attributes that would not be needed in a pure
+   reworking (e.g. length attributes, which are implicit in XML.)
+
+   The layering of network and transport protocols are maintained in
+   this RFC despite the optimizations that could be made if the line
+   were somewhat blurred (i.e. merging TCP and IP into a single, larger
+   element in the DTD) in order to foster future use of this protocol as
+   a basis for reformulating other protocols (such as ICMP.)
+
+   Other than the encoding, the behavioral aspects of each of the
+   existing protocols remain unchanged.  Routing, address spaces, TCP
+   congestion control, etc. behave as specified in the extant standards.
+   Adapting to new standards and experimental algorithm heuristics for
+   improving performance will become much easier once the move to BLOAT
+   has been completed.
+
+1.4. Requirement Levels
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
+   [RFC2119].
+
+2.   IPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.
+   IPoXML is the root protocol REQUIRED for effective use of TCPoXML
+   (section 3.) and higher-level application protocols.
+
+   The DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.1.
+
+   The routing of IPoXML can be easily implemented on hosts with an XML
+   parser, as the regular structure lends itself handily to parsing and
+   validation of the document/datagram and then processing the
+   destination address, TTL, and checksum before sending it on to its
+   next-hop.
+
+   The reformulation of IPv4 was chosen over IPv6 [RFC2460] due to the
+   wider deployment of IPv4 and the fact that implementing IPv6 as XML
+   would have exceeded the 1500 byte Ethernet MTU.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 2]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   All BLOAT implementations MUST use - and specify - the UTF-8 encoding
+   of RFC 2279 [RFC2279].  All BLOAT document/datagrams MUST be well-
+   formed and include the XMLDecl.
+
+2.1. IP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed (for the better) from the original IP
+   specification.  Bit-masks, where present have been converted into
+   human-readable values.  IP addresses are listed in their dotted-
+   decimal notation [RFC1123].  Length and checksum values are present
+   as decimal integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the IP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used.  The canonical form
+   SHALL have no whitespace (including newline characters) between
+   elements and only one space character between attributes.  There
+   SHALL NOT be a space following the last attribute in an element.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums, as the
+   length field will vary based on the size of the checksum.
+
+   The payload element bears special attention.  Due to the character
+   set restrictions of XML, the payload of IP datagrams (which MAY
+   contain arbitrary data) MUST be encoded for transport. This RFC
+   REQUIRES the contents of the payload to be encoded in the base-64
+   encoding of RFC 2045 [RFC2045], but removes the requirement that the
+   encoded output MUST be wrapped on 76-character lines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 3]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+2.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example IPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <ip>
+   <header length="474">
+   <version value="4"/>
+   <tos precedence="Routine" delay="Normal" throughput="Normal"
+        relibility="Normal" reserved="0"/>
+   <total.length value="461"/>
+   <id value="1"/>
+   <flags reserved="0" df="dont" mf="last"/>
+   <offset value="0"/>
+   <ttl value="255"/>
+   <protocol value="6"/>
+   <checksum value="8707"/>
+   <source address="10.0.0.22"/>
+   <destination address="10.0.0.1"/>
+   <options>
+   <end copied="0" class="0" number="0"/>
+   </options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </ip>
+
+3.   TCPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.2.
+
+3.1. TCP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original TCP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the TCP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in
+   section 2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 4]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   The TCP offset element was expanded to a maximum of 255 from 16 to
+   allow for the increased size of the header in XML.
+
+   TCPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+3.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example TCPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <tcp>
+   <tcp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <sequence number="322622954"/>
+   <acknowledgement number="689715995"/>
+   <offset number=""/>
+   <reserved value="0"/>
+   <control syn="1" ack="1"/>
+   <window size="1"/>
+   <urgent pointer="0"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   <tcp.options>
+   <tcp.end kind="0"/>
+   </tcp.options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </tcp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </tcp>
+
+4.   UDPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.3.
+
+4.1. UDP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original UDP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 5]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the UDP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.  An
+   iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in section
+   2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+   UDPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+4.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example UDPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <udp>
+   <udp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <udp.length value="143"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   </udp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </udp>
+
+5.   Network Transport
+
+   This document provides for the transmission of BLOAT datagrams over
+   two common families of physical layer transport.  Future RFCs will
+   address additional transports as routing vendors catch up to the
+   specification, and we begin to see BLOAT routed across the Internet
+   backbone.
+
+5.1. Ethernet
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in Ethernet datagrams as in [RFC894] with the
+   exception that the type field of the Ethernet frame MUST contain the
+   value 0xBEEF.  The first 5 octets of the Ethernet frame payload will
+   be 0x3c 3f 78 6d 6c ("<?xml".)
+
+5.2. IEEE 802
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in IEEE 802 Networks as in [RFC1042] except
+   that the protocol type code for IPoXML is 0xBEEF.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 6]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+6. Gatewaying over IP
+
+   In order to facilitate the gradual introduction of BLOAT into the
+   public Internet, BLOAT MAY be encapsulated in IP as in [RFC2003] to
+   gateway between networks that run BLOAT natively on their LANs.
+
+7. DTDs
+
+   The Transport DTDs (7.2. and 7.3.) build on the definitions in the
+   Network DTD (7.1.)
+
+   The DTDs are referenced by their PubidLiteral and SystemLiteral (from
+   [XML]) although it is understood that most IPoXML implementations
+   will not need to pull down the DTD, as it will normally be embedded
+   in the implementation, and presents something of a catch-22 if you
+   need to load part of your network protocol over the network.
+
+7.1.  IPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+    DTD for IP over XML.
+    Refer to this DTD as:
+
+    <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+   <!--
+    DTD data types:
+
+      Digits      [0..9]+
+
+      Precedence  "NetworkControl | InternetworkControl |
+                   CRITIC | FlashOverride | Flash | Immediate |
+                   Priority | Routine"
+
+      IP4Addr     "dotted-decimal" notation of [RFC1123]
+
+      Class       [0..3]
+
+      Sec          "Unclassified | Confidential | EFTO | MMMM | PROG |
+                    Restricted | Secret | Top Secret | Reserved"
+
+      Compartments [0..65535]
+
+      Handling     [0..65535]
+
+      TCC          [0..16777216]
+
+   -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 7]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ENTITY % Digits "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Precedence "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % IP4Addr "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Class "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Sec "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Compartments "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Handling "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % TCC "CDATA">
+
+   <!ELEMENT ip (header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT header (version, tos, total.length, id, flags, offset, ttl,
+                    protocol, checksum, source, destination, options,
+                    padding)>
+   <!-- length of header in 32-bit words -->
+   <!ATTLIST header
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT version EMPTY>
+   <!-- ip version. SHOULD be "4" -->
+   <!ATTLIST version
+             value   %Digits;  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tos EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tos
+             precedence   %Precedence;    #REQUIRED
+             delay    (normal | low)  #REQUIRED
+             throughput   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             relibility   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             reserved     CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT total.length EMPTY>
+   <!--
+    total length of datagram (header and payload) in octets, MUST be
+    less than 65,535 (and SHOULD be less than 1024 for IPoXML on local
+    ethernets).
+   -->
+   <!ATTLIST total.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT id EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535  -->
+   <!ATTLIST id
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT flags EMPTY>
+   <!-- df = don't fragment, mf = more fragments  -->
+   <!ATTLIST flags
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 8]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+          reserved CDATA  #FIXED "0"
+          df (may|dont)   #REQUIRED
+          mf (last|more)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= offset <= 8192 measured in 8 octet (64-bit) chunks -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT ttl EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= ttl <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST ttl
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT protocol EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= protocol <= 255 (per IANA) -->
+   <!ATTLIST protocol
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT checksum EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= checksum <= 65535 (over header only) -->
+   <!ATTLIST checksum
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT source EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST source
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT destination EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST destination
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT options ( end | noop | security | loose | strict | record
+                     | stream | timestamp )*>
+
+   <!ELEMENT end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST end
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST noop
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT security EMPTY>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 9]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST security
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "11"
+             security %Sec; #REQUIRED
+             compartments %Compartments; #REQUIRED
+             handling %Handling; #REQUIRED
+             tcc %TCC; #REQUIRED>
+   <!ELEMENT loose (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST loose
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "3"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT hop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST hop
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT strict (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST strict
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "9"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT record (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST record
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "7"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT stream EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST stream
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "8"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             id %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT timestamp (tstamp)+>
+   <!-- 0 <= oflw <=15 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 10]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST timestamp
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             length %Digits;  #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             oflw %Digits;    #REQUIRED
+             flag (0 | 1 | 3)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tstamp EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tstamp
+             time %Digits;   #REQUIRED
+             address %IP4Addr; #IMPLIED>
+   <!--
+       padding to bring header to 32-bit boundary.
+       pad MUST be "0"*
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT padding EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST padding
+             pad CDATA #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!-- payload MUST be encoded as base-64 [RFC2045], as modified
+        by section 2.1 of this RFC -->
+   <!ELEMENT payload (CDATA)>
+
+7.2.  TCPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for TCP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!-- the pseudoheader is only included for checksum calculations -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp (tcp.pseudoheader?, tcp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.header (src, dest, sequence, acknowledgement, offset,
+                         reserved, control, window, checksum, urgent,
+                         tcp.options, padding)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT src EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST src
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT dest EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 11]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST dest
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT sequence EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST sequence
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT acknowledgement EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST acknowledgement
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT reserved EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST reserved
+             value CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT control EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST control
+             urg (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             ack (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             psh (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             rst (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             syn (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             fin (0|1) #IMPLIED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT window EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= size <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST window
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!--
+      checksum as in ip, but with
+      the following pseudo-header added into the tcp element:
+     -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               tcp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      tcp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 12]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT urgent EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= pointer <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST urgent
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.options (tcp.end | tcp.noop | tcp.mss)+>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.end
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.noop
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.mss EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.mss
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+7.3.  UDPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for UDP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp (udp.pseudoheader?, udp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.header (src, dest, udp.length, checksum)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               udp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      udp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT udp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST udp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 13]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+8. Security Considerations
+
+   XML, as a subset of SGML, has the same security considerations as
+   specified in SGML Media Types [RFC1874].  Security considerations
+   that apply to IP, TCP and UDP also likely apply to BLOAT as it does
+   not attempt to correct for issues not related to message format.
+
+9.   References
+
+   [JABBER]    Miller, J., "Jabber", draft-miller-jabber-00.txt,
+               February 2002. (Work in Progress)
+
+   [RFC768]    Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
+               August 1980.
+
+   [RFC791]    Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
+               September 1981.
+
+   [RFC793]    Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC
+               793, September 1981.
+
+   [RFC894]    Hornig, C., "Standard for the Transmission of IP
+               Datagrams over Ethernet Networks.", RFC 894, April 1984.
+
+   [RFC1042]   Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Standard for the
+               Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802 Networks", STD
+               43, RFC 1042, February 1988.
+
+   [RFC1123]   Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
+               Application and Support", RFC 1123, October 1989.
+
+   [RFC1874]   Levinson, E., "SGML Media Types", RFC 1874, December
+               1995.
+
+   [RFC2003]   Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003,
+               October 1996.
+
+   [RFC2045]   Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
+               Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
+               Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
+
+   [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+
+   [RFC2279]   Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
+               10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 14]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   [RFC2460]   Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
+               (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
+
+   [RFC3080]   Rose, M., "The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core",
+               RFC 3080, March 2001.
+
+   [SOAP]      Box, D., Ehnebuske, D., Kakivaya, G., Layman, A.,
+               Mendelsohn, N., Nielsen, H. F., Thatte, S. Winer, D.,
+               "Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1" World Wide Web
+               Consortium Note, May 2000 http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/
+
+   [XML]       Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., "Extensible
+               Markup Language (XML)" World Wide Web Consortium
+               Recommendation REC- xml-19980210.
+               http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210
+
+10.  Author's Address
+
+   Hugh Kennedy
+   Mimezine
+   1060 West Addison
+   Chicago, IL 60613
+   USA
+
+   EMail: kennedyh@engin.umich.edu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 15]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+11.  Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
+   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
+   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
+   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
+   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
+   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
+   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
+   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
+   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
+   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
+   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
+   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
+   English.
+
+   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
+   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
+
+   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
+   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
+   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
+   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
+   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Acknowledgement
+
+   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
+   Internet Society.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 16]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Network Working Group                                         H. Kennedy
+Request for Comments: 3252                                      Mimezine
+Category: Informational                                     1 April 2002
+
+
+                 Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+
+Status of this Memo
+
+   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does
+   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this
+   memo is unlimited.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+Abstract
+
+   This document defines a reformulation of IP and two transport layer
+   protocols (TCP and UDP) as XML applications.
+
+1.   Introduction
+
+1.1. Overview
+
+   This document describes the Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport
+   (BLOAT): a reformulation of a widely-deployed network-layer protocol
+   (IP [RFC791]), and two associated transport layer protocols (TCP
+   [RFC793] and UDP [RFC768]) as XML [XML] applications.  It also
+   describes methods for transporting BLOAT over Ethernet and IEEE 802
+   networks as well as encapsulating BLOAT in IP for gatewaying BLOAT
+   across the public Internet.
+
+1.2. Motivation
+
+   The wild popularity of XML as a basis for application-level protocols
+   such as the Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol [RFC3080], the Simple
+   Object Access Protocol [SOAP], and Jabber [JABBER] prompted
+   investigation into the possibility of extending the use of XML in the
+   protocol stack.  Using XML at both the transport and network layer in
+   addition to the application layer would provide for an amazing amount
+   of power and flexibility while removing dependencies on proprietary
+   and hard-to-understand binary protocols.  This protocol unification
+   would also allow applications to use a single XML parser for all
+   aspects of their operation, eliminating developer time spent figuring
+   out the intricacies of each new protocol, and moving the hard work of
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 1]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   parsing to the XML toolset.  The use of XML also mitigates concerns
+   over "network vs. host" byte ordering which is at the root of many
+   network application bugs.
+
+1.3. Relation to Existing Protocols
+
+   The reformulations specified in this RFC follow as closely as
+   possible the spirit of the RFCs on which they are based, and so MAY
+   contain elements or attributes that would not be needed in a pure
+   reworking (e.g. length attributes, which are implicit in XML.)
+
+   The layering of network and transport protocols are maintained in
+   this RFC despite the optimizations that could be made if the line
+   were somewhat blurred (i.e. merging TCP and IP into a single, larger
+   element in the DTD) in order to foster future use of this protocol as
+   a basis for reformulating other protocols (such as ICMP.)
+
+   Other than the encoding, the behavioral aspects of each of the
+   existing protocols remain unchanged.  Routing, address spaces, TCP
+   congestion control, etc. behave as specified in the extant standards.
+   Adapting to new standards and experimental algorithm heuristics for
+   improving performance will become much easier once the move to BLOAT
+   has been completed.
+
+1.4. Requirement Levels
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+   document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119
+   [RFC2119].
+
+2.   IPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.
+   IPoXML is the root protocol REQUIRED for effective use of TCPoXML
+   (section 3.) and higher-level application protocols.
+
+   The DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.1.
+
+   The routing of IPoXML can be easily implemented on hosts with an XML
+   parser, as the regular structure lends itself handily to parsing and
+   validation of the document/datagram and then processing the
+   destination address, TTL, and checksum before sending it on to its
+   next-hop.
+
+   The reformulation of IPv4 was chosen over IPv6 [RFC2460] due to the
+   wider deployment of IPv4 and the fact that implementing IPv6 as XML
+   would have exceeded the 1500 byte Ethernet MTU.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 2]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   All BLOAT implementations MUST use - and specify - the UTF-8 encoding
+   of RFC 2279 [RFC2279].  All BLOAT document/datagrams MUST be well-
+   formed and include the XMLDecl.
+
+2.1. IP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed (for the better) from the original IP
+   specification.  Bit-masks, where present have been converted into
+   human-readable values.  IP addresses are listed in their dotted-
+   decimal notation [RFC1123].  Length and checksum values are present
+   as decimal integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the IP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used.  The canonical form
+   SHALL have no whitespace (including newline characters) between
+   elements and only one space character between attributes.  There
+   SHALL NOT be a space following the last attribute in an element.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums, as the
+   length field will vary based on the size of the checksum.
+
+   The payload element bears special attention.  Due to the character
+   set restrictions of XML, the payload of IP datagrams (which MAY
+   contain arbitrary data) MUST be encoded for transport. This RFC
+   REQUIRES the contents of the payload to be encoded in the base-64
+   encoding of RFC 2045 [RFC2045], but removes the requirement that the
+   encoded output MUST be wrapped on 76-character lines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 3]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+2.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example IPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <ip>
+   <header length="474">
+   <version value="4"/>
+   <tos precedence="Routine" delay="Normal" throughput="Normal"
+        relibility="Normal" reserved="0"/>
+   <total.length value="461"/>
+   <id value="1"/>
+   <flags reserved="0" df="dont" mf="last"/>
+   <offset value="0"/>
+   <ttl value="255"/>
+   <protocol value="6"/>
+   <checksum value="8707"/>
+   <source address="10.0.0.22"/>
+   <destination address="10.0.0.1"/>
+   <options>
+   <end copied="0" class="0" number="0"/>
+   </options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </ip>
+
+3.   TCPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.2.
+
+3.1. TCP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original TCP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the TCP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.
+
+   An iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in
+   section 2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 4]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   The TCP offset element was expanded to a maximum of 255 from 16 to
+   allow for the increased size of the header in XML.
+
+   TCPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+3.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example TCPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <tcp>
+   <tcp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <sequence number="322622954"/>
+   <acknowledgement number="689715995"/>
+   <offset number=""/>
+   <reserved value="0"/>
+   <control syn="1" ack="1"/>
+   <window size="1"/>
+   <urgent pointer="0"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   <tcp.options>
+   <tcp.end kind="0"/>
+   </tcp.options>
+   <padding pad="0"/>
+   </tcp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </tcp>
+
+4.   UDPoXML
+
+   This protocol MUST be implemented to be compliant with this RFC.  The
+   DTD for this document type can be found in section 7.3.
+
+4.1. UDP Description
+
+   A number of items have changed from the original UDP specification.
+   Bit-masks, where present have been converted into human-readable
+   values.  Length and checksum and port values are present as decimal
+   integers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 5]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   To calculate the length and checksum fields of the UDP element, a
+   canonicalized form of the element MUST be used as in section 2.1.  An
+   iterative method SHOULD be used to calculate checksums as in section
+   2.1.
+
+   The payload element MUST be encoded as in section 2.1.
+
+   UDPoXML datagrams encapsulated by IPoXML MAY omit the <?xml?> header
+   as well as the <!DOCTYPE> declaration.
+
+4.2. Example Datagram
+
+   The following is an example UDPoXML datagram with an empty payload:
+
+   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   <udp>
+   <udp.header>
+   <src port="31415"/>
+   <dest port="42424"/>
+   <udp.length value="143"/>
+   <checksum value="2988"/>
+   </udp.header>
+   <payload>
+   </payload>
+   </udp>
+
+5.   Network Transport
+
+   This document provides for the transmission of BLOAT datagrams over
+   two common families of physical layer transport.  Future RFCs will
+   address additional transports as routing vendors catch up to the
+   specification, and we begin to see BLOAT routed across the Internet
+   backbone.
+
+5.1. Ethernet
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in Ethernet datagrams as in [RFC894] with the
+   exception that the type field of the Ethernet frame MUST contain the
+   value 0xBEEF.  The first 5 octets of the Ethernet frame payload will
+   be 0x3c 3f 78 6d 6c ("<?xml".)
+
+5.2. IEEE 802
+
+   BLOAT is encapsulated in IEEE 802 Networks as in [RFC1042] except
+   that the protocol type code for IPoXML is 0xBEEF.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 6]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+6. Gatewaying over IP
+
+   In order to facilitate the gradual introduction of BLOAT into the
+   public Internet, BLOAT MAY be encapsulated in IP as in [RFC2003] to
+   gateway between networks that run BLOAT natively on their LANs.
+
+7. DTDs
+
+   The Transport DTDs (7.2. and 7.3.) build on the definitions in the
+   Network DTD (7.1.)
+
+   The DTDs are referenced by their PubidLiteral and SystemLiteral (from
+   [XML]) although it is understood that most IPoXML implementations
+   will not need to pull down the DTD, as it will normally be embedded
+   in the implementation, and presents something of a catch-22 if you
+   need to load part of your network protocol over the network.
+
+7.1.  IPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+    DTD for IP over XML.
+    Refer to this DTD as:
+
+    <!DOCTYPE ip PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 IP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+   <!--
+    DTD data types:
+
+      Digits      [0..9]+
+
+      Precedence  "NetworkControl | InternetworkControl |
+                   CRITIC | FlashOverride | Flash | Immediate |
+                   Priority | Routine"
+
+      IP4Addr     "dotted-decimal" notation of [RFC1123]
+
+      Class       [0..3]
+
+      Sec          "Unclassified | Confidential | EFTO | MMMM | PROG |
+                    Restricted | Secret | Top Secret | Reserved"
+
+      Compartments [0..65535]
+
+      Handling     [0..65535]
+
+      TCC          [0..16777216]
+
+   -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 7]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ENTITY % Digits "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Precedence "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % IP4Addr "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Class "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Sec "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Compartments "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % Handling "CDATA">
+   <!ENTITY % TCC "CDATA">
+
+   <!ELEMENT ip (header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT header (version, tos, total.length, id, flags, offset, ttl,
+                    protocol, checksum, source, destination, options,
+                    padding)>
+   <!-- length of header in 32-bit words -->
+   <!ATTLIST header
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT version EMPTY>
+   <!-- ip version. SHOULD be "4" -->
+   <!ATTLIST version
+             value   %Digits;  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tos EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tos
+             precedence   %Precedence;    #REQUIRED
+             delay    (normal | low)  #REQUIRED
+             throughput   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             relibility   (normal | high) #REQUIRED
+             reserved     CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT total.length EMPTY>
+   <!--
+    total length of datagram (header and payload) in octets, MUST be
+    less than 65,535 (and SHOULD be less than 1024 for IPoXML on local
+    ethernets).
+   -->
+   <!ATTLIST total.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT id EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535  -->
+   <!ATTLIST id
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT flags EMPTY>
+   <!-- df = don't fragment, mf = more fragments  -->
+   <!ATTLIST flags
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 8]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+          reserved CDATA  #FIXED "0"
+          df (may|dont)   #REQUIRED
+          mf (last|more)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= offset <= 8192 measured in 8 octet (64-bit) chunks -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT ttl EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= ttl <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST ttl
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT protocol EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= protocol <= 255 (per IANA) -->
+   <!ATTLIST protocol
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT checksum EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= checksum <= 65535 (over header only) -->
+   <!ATTLIST checksum
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT source EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST source
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT destination EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST destination
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT options ( end | noop | security | loose | strict | record
+                     | stream | timestamp )*>
+
+   <!ELEMENT end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST end
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST noop
+             copied (0|1) #REQUIRED
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT security EMPTY>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                      [Page 9]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST security
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "11"
+             security %Sec; #REQUIRED
+             compartments %Compartments; #REQUIRED
+             handling %Handling; #REQUIRED
+             tcc %TCC; #REQUIRED>
+   <!ELEMENT loose (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST loose
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "3"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT hop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST hop
+             address %IP4Addr; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT strict (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST strict
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "9"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT record (hop)+>
+   <!ATTLIST record
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "7"
+             length %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT stream EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= id <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST stream
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "1"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "8"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             id %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT timestamp (tstamp)+>
+   <!-- 0 <= oflw <=15 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 10]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST timestamp
+             copied CDATA #FIXED "0"
+             class  CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             number CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             length %Digits;  #REQUIRED
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED
+             oflw %Digits;    #REQUIRED
+             flag (0 | 1 | 3)  #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tstamp EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tstamp
+             time %Digits;   #REQUIRED
+             address %IP4Addr; #IMPLIED>
+   <!--
+       padding to bring header to 32-bit boundary.
+       pad MUST be "0"*
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT padding EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST padding
+             pad CDATA #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!-- payload MUST be encoded as base-64 [RFC2045], as modified
+        by section 2.1 of this RFC -->
+   <!ELEMENT payload (CDATA)>
+
+7.2.  TCPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for TCP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE tcp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 TCP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!-- the pseudoheader is only included for checksum calculations -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp (tcp.pseudoheader?, tcp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.header (src, dest, sequence, acknowledgement, offset,
+                         reserved, control, window, checksum, urgent,
+                         tcp.options, padding)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT src EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST src
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT dest EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= port <= 65,535 -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 11]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ATTLIST dest
+             port %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT sequence EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST sequence
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT acknowledgement EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 4294967295 -->
+   <!ATTLIST acknowledgement
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT offset EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= number <= 255 -->
+   <!ATTLIST offset
+             number %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT reserved EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST reserved
+             value CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT control EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST control
+             urg (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             ack (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             psh (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             rst (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             syn (0|1) #IMPLIED
+             fin (0|1) #IMPLIED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT window EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= size <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST window
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!--
+      checksum as in ip, but with
+      the following pseudo-header added into the tcp element:
+     -->
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               tcp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      tcp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 12]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT urgent EMPTY>
+   <!-- 0 <= pointer <= 65,535 -->
+   <!ATTLIST urgent
+             pointer %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.options (tcp.end | tcp.noop | tcp.mss)+>
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.end EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.end
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "0">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.noop EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.noop
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "1">
+
+   <!ELEMENT tcp.mss EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST tcp.mss
+             kind CDATA #FIXED "2"
+             length CDATA #FIXED "4"
+             size %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+7.3.  UDPoXML DTD
+
+   <!--
+      DTD for UDP over XML.
+      Refer to this DTD as:
+
+      <!DOCTYPE udp PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD BLOAT 1.0 UDP//EN" "bloat.dtd">
+   -->
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp (udp.pseudoheader?, udp.header, payload)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.header (src, dest, udp.length, checksum)>
+
+   <!ELEMENT udp.pseudoheader (source, destination, protocol,
+                               udp.length)>
+
+   <!--
+      udp header + data length in octets. does not include the size of
+      the pseudoheader.
+    -->
+   <!ELEMENT udp.length EMPTY>
+   <!ATTLIST udp.length
+             value %Digits; #REQUIRED>
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 13]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+8. Security Considerations
+
+   XML, as a subset of SGML, has the same security considerations as
+   specified in SGML Media Types [RFC1874].  Security considerations
+   that apply to IP, TCP and UDP also likely apply to BLOAT as it does
+   not attempt to correct for issues not related to message format.
+
+9.   References
+
+   [JABBER]    Miller, J., "Jabber", draft-miller-jabber-00.txt,
+               February 2002. (Work in Progress)
+
+   [RFC768]    Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
+               August 1980.
+
+   [RFC791]    Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
+               September 1981.
+
+   [RFC793]    Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC
+               793, September 1981.
+
+   [RFC894]    Hornig, C., "Standard for the Transmission of IP
+               Datagrams over Ethernet Networks.", RFC 894, April 1984.
+
+   [RFC1042]   Postel, J. and J. Reynolds, "Standard for the
+               Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802 Networks", STD
+               43, RFC 1042, February 1988.
+
+   [RFC1123]   Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
+               Application and Support", RFC 1123, October 1989.
+
+   [RFC1874]   Levinson, E., "SGML Media Types", RFC 1874, December
+               1995.
+
+   [RFC2003]   Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003,
+               October 1996.
+
+   [RFC2045]   Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
+               Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
+               Bodies", RFC 2045, November 1996.
+
+   [RFC2119]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+
+   [RFC2279]   Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
+               10646", RFC 2279, January 1998.
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 14]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+   [RFC2460]   Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
+               (IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
+
+   [RFC3080]   Rose, M., "The Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol Core",
+               RFC 3080, March 2001.
+
+   [SOAP]      Box, D., Ehnebuske, D., Kakivaya, G., Layman, A.,
+               Mendelsohn, N., Nielsen, H. F., Thatte, S. Winer, D.,
+               "Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1" World Wide Web
+               Consortium Note, May 2000 http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/
+
+   [XML]       Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., "Extensible
+               Markup Language (XML)" World Wide Web Consortium
+               Recommendation REC- xml-19980210.
+               http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210
+
+10.  Author's Address
+
+   Hugh Kennedy
+   Mimezine
+   1060 West Addison
+   Chicago, IL 60613
+   USA
+
+   EMail: kennedyh@engin.umich.edu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 15]
+
+RFC 3252         Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport      1 April 2002
+
+
+11.  Full Copyright Statement
+
+   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.
+
+   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
+   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
+   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
+   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
+   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
+   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
+   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
+   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
+   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
+   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
+   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
+   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
+   English.
+
+   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
+   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
+
+   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
+   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
+   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
+   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
+   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+Acknowledgement
+
+   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
+   Internet Society.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Kennedy                      Informational                     [Page 16]
+
diff --git a/tests/manual/network_stresstest/tst_network_stresstest.cpp b/tests/manual/network_stresstest/tst_network_stresstest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34d83e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/manual/network_stresstest/tst_network_stresstest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,771 @@
+/****************************************************************************
+**
+** Copyright (C) 2010 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies).
+** All rights reserved.
+** Contact: Nokia Corporation (qt-info@nokia.com)
+**
+** This file is part of the test suite of the Qt Toolkit.
+**
+** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:LGPL$
+** No Commercial Usage
+** This file contains pre-release code and may not be distributed.
+** You may use this file in accordance with the terms and conditions
+** contained in the Technology Preview License Agreement accompanying
+** this package.
+**
+** GNU Lesser General Public License Usage
+** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Lesser
+** General Public License version 2.1 as published by the Free Software
+** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.LGPL included in the
+** packaging of this file.  Please review the following information to
+** ensure the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1 requirements
+** will be met: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.1.html.
+**
+** In addition, as a special exception, Nokia gives you certain additional
+** rights.  These rights are described in the Nokia Qt LGPL Exception
+** version 1.1, included in the file LGPL_EXCEPTION.txt in this package.
+**
+** If you have questions regarding the use of this file, please contact
+** Nokia at qt-info@nokia.com.
+**
+**
+**
+**
+**
+**
+**
+**
+** $QT_END_LICENSE$
+**
+****************************************************************************/
+
+#include <QtTest/QtTest>
+#include <QtCore/QThread>
+#include <QtCore/QSemaphore>
+#include <QtCore/QElapsedTimer>
+#include <QtCore/QSharedPointer>
+#include <QtCore/QVector>
+#include <QtNetwork/QTcpSocket>
+#include <QtNetwork/QNetworkReply>
+#include <QtNetwork/QNetworkAccessManager>
+
+#ifdef QT_BUILD_INTERNAL
+# include <private/qnetworkaccessmanager_p.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "minihttpserver.h"
+#include "../../auto/network-settings.h"
+
+#include <qplatformdefs.h>
+#ifdef Q_OS_UNIX
+# include <sys/types.h>
+# include <sys/socket.h>
+# include <sys/select.h>
+# include <netinet/in.h>
+# include <errno.h>
+# include <netdb.h>
+# include <signal.h>
+# include <unistd.h>
+# include <fcntl.h>
+
+typedef int SOCKET;
+# define INVALID_SOCKET -1
+# define SOCKET_ERROR -1
+
+#elif defined(Q_OS_WIN)
+# include <winsock2.h>
+#endif
+
+class tst_NetworkStressTest : public QObject
+{
+    Q_OBJECT
+public:
+    enum { AttemptCount = 100 };
+    tst_NetworkStressTest();
+    MiniHttpServer server;
+
+    qint64 byteCounter;
+    QNetworkAccessManager manager;
+    bool intermediateDebug;
+
+private:
+    void clearManager();
+
+public slots:
+    void initTestCase_data();
+    void init();
+
+    void slotReadAll() { byteCounter += static_cast<QIODevice *>(sender())->readAll().size(); }
+
+private Q_SLOTS:
+    void nativeBlockingConnectDisconnect();
+    void nativeNonBlockingConnectDisconnect();
+    void blockingConnectDisconnect();
+    void blockingPipelined();
+    void blockingMultipleRequests();
+    void connectDisconnect();
+    void parallelConnectDisconnect_data();
+    void parallelConnectDisconnect();
+    void namGet_data();
+    void namGet();
+};
+
+tst_NetworkStressTest::tst_NetworkStressTest()
+    : intermediateDebug(qgetenv("STRESSDEBUG").toInt() > 0)
+{
+#ifdef Q_OS_WIN
+    WSAData wsadata;
+
+    // IPv6 requires Winsock v2.0 or better.
+    WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,0), &wsadata);
+#elif defined(Q_OS_UNIX) && !defined(Q_OS_SYMBIAN)
+    ::signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
+#endif
+}
+
+void tst_NetworkStressTest::initTestCase_data()
+{
+    QTest::addColumn<bool>("isLocalhost");
+    QTest::addColumn<QString>("hostname");
+    QTest::addColumn<int>("port");
+
+    QTest::newRow("localhost") << true << "localhost" << server.port();
+    QTest::newRow("remote") << false << QtNetworkSettings::serverName() << 80;
+}
+
+void tst_NetworkStressTest::init()
+{
+    // clear the internal cache
+#ifndef QT_BUILD_INTERNAL
+    if (strncmp(QTest::currentTestFunction(), "nam") == 0)
+        QSKIP("QNetworkAccessManager tests disabled", SkipAll);
+#endif
+}
+
+void tst_NetworkStressTest::clearManager()
+{
+#ifdef QT_BUILD_INTERNAL
+    QNetworkAccessManagerPrivate::clearCache(&manager);
+    manager.setProxy(QNetworkProxy());
+    manager.setCache(0);
+#endif
+}
+
+bool nativeLookup(const char *hostname, int port, QByteArray &buf)
+{
+#if !defined(QT_NO_GETADDRINFO) && 0
+    addrinfo *res = 0;
+    struct addrinfo hints;
+    memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
+    hints.ai_family = PF_UNSPEC;
+
+    int result = getaddrinfo(QUrl::toAce(hostname).constData(), QByteArray::number(port).constData(), &hints, &res);
+    if (!result)
+        return false;
+    for (addrinfo *node = res; node; node = node->ai_next) {
+        if (node->ai_family == AF_INET) {
+            buf = QByteArray((char *)node->ai_addr, node->ai_addrlen);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    freeaddrinfo(res);
+#else
+    hostent *result = gethostbyname(hostname);
+    if (!result || result->h_addrtype != AF_INET)
+        return false;
+
+    struct sockaddr_in s;
+    s.sin_family = AF_INET;
+    s.sin_port = htons(port);
+    s.sin_addr =  *(struct in_addr *) result->h_addr_list[0];
+
+    buf = QByteArray((char *)&s, sizeof s);
+#endif
+
+    return !buf.isEmpty();
+}
+
+bool nativeSelect(int fd, int timeout, bool selectForWrite)
+{
+    if (timeout < 0)
+        return false;
+
+    // wait for connected
+    fd_set fds, fde;
+    FD_ZERO(&fds);
+    FD_ZERO(&fde);
+    FD_SET(fd, &fds);
+    FD_SET(fd, &fde);
+
+    int ret;
+    do {
+        struct timeval tv;
+        tv.tv_sec = timeout / 1000;
+        tv.tv_usec = timeout % 1000;
+        if (selectForWrite)
+            ret = ::select(fd + 1, 0, &fds, &fde, &tv);
+        else
+            ret = ::select(fd + 1, &fds, 0, &fde, &tv);
+    } while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+    return ret != 0;
+}
+
+void tst_NetworkStressTest::nativeBlockingConnectDisconnect()
+{
+    QFETCH_GLOBAL(QString, hostname);
+    QFETCH_GLOBAL(int, port);
+
+    qint64 totalBytes = 0;
+    QElapsedTimer outerTimer;
+    outerTimer.start();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < AttemptCount; ++i) {
+        QElapsedTimer timeout;
+        byteCounter = 0;
+        timeout.start();
+
+#if defined(Q_OS_UNIX) && !defined(Q_OS_SYMBIAN)
+        alarm(10);
+#endif
+
+        // look up the host
+        QByteArray addr;
+        if (!nativeLookup(QUrl::toAce(hostname).constData(), port, addr))
+            QFAIL("Lookup failed");
+
+        // connect
+        SOCKET fd = ::socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+        QVERIFY(fd != INVALID_SOCKET);
+        QVERIFY(::connect(fd, (sockaddr *)addr.data(), addr.size()) != SOCKET_ERROR);
+
+        // send request
+        {
+            QByteArray request = "GET /qtest/bigfile HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+                                 "Connection: close\r\n"
+                                 "User-Agent: tst_QTcpSocket_stresstest/1.0\r\n"
+                                 "Host: " + hostname.toLatin1() + "\r\n"
+                                 "\r\n";
+            qint64 bytesWritten = 0;
+            while (bytesWritten < request.size()) {
+                qint64 ret = ::send(fd, request.constData() + bytesWritten, request.size() - bytesWritten, 0);
+                if (ret == -1) {
+                    ::close(fd);
+                    QFAIL("Timeout");
+                }
+                bytesWritten += ret;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // receive reply
+        char buf[16384];
+        while (true) {
+            qint64 ret = ::recv(fd, buf, sizeof buf, 0);
+            if (ret == -1) {
+                ::close(fd);
+                QFAIL("Timeout");
+            } else if (ret == 0) {
+                break; // EOF
+            }
+            byteCounter += ret;
+        }
+        ::close(fd);
+
+        totalBytes += byteCounter;
+        if (intermediateDebug) {
+            double rate = (byteCounter * 1.0 / timeout.elapsed());
+            qDebug() << i << byteCounter << "bytes in" << timeout.elapsed() << "ms:"
+                    << (rate / 1024.0 / 1024 * 1000) << "MB/s";
+        }
+    }
+    qDebug() << "Average transfer rate was" << (totalBytes / 1024.0 / 1024 * 1000 / outerTimer.elapsed()) << "MB/s";
+
+#if defined(Q_OS_UNIX) && !defined(Q_OS_SYMBIAN)
+    alarm(0);
+#endif
+}
+
+void tst_NetworkStressTest::nativeNonBlockingConnectDisconnect()
+{
+    QFETCH_GLOBAL(QString, hostname);
+    QFETCH_GLOBAL(int, port);
+
+    qint64 totalBytes = 0;
+    QElapsedTimer outerTimer;
+    outerTimer.start();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < AttemptCount; ++i) {
+        QElapsedTimer timeout;
+        byteCounter = 0;
+        timeout.start();
+
+        // look up the host
+        QByteArray addr;
+        if (!nativeLookup(QUrl::toAce(hostname).constData(), port, addr))
+            QFAIL("Lookup failed");
+
+        SOCKET fd;
+
+        {
+#if defined(Q_OS_UNIX)
+            fd = ::socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+            QVERIFY(fd != INVALID_SOCKET);
+
+            // set the socket to non-blocking and start connecting
+# if !defined(Q_OS_VXWORKS)
+            int flags = ::fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
+            QVERIFY(flags != -1);
+            QVERIFY(::fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK) != -1);
+# else // Q_OS_VXWORKS
+            int onoff = 1;
+            QVERIFY(::ioctl(socketDescriptor, FIONBIO, &onoff) >= 0);
+# endif // Q_OS_VXWORKS
+            while (true) {
+                if (::connect(fd, (sockaddr *)addr.data(), addr.size()) == -1) {
+                    QVERIFY2(errno == EINPROGRESS, QByteArray("Error connecting: ").append(strerror(errno)).constData());
+                    QVERIFY2(nativeSelect(fd, 10000 - timeout.elapsed(), true), "Timeout");
+                } else {
+                    break; // connected
+                }
+            }
+#elif defined(Q_OS_WIN)
+            fd = ::WSASocket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0, NULL, 0, WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED);
+            QVERIFY(fd != INVALID_SOCKET);
+
+            // set the socket to non-blocking and start connecting
+            unsigned long buf = v;
+            unsigned long outBuf;
+            DWORD sizeWritten = 0;
+            QVERIFY(::WSAIoctl(fd, FIONBIO, &buf, sizeof(unsigned long), &outBuf, sizeof(unsigned long), &sizeWritten, 0,0) != SOCKET_ERROR);
+
+            while (true) {
+                int connectResult = ::WSAConnect(fd, sockAddrPtr, sockAddrSize, 0,0,0,0);
+                if (connectResult == 0 || WSAGetLastError() == WSAEISCONN) {
+                    break; // connected
+                } else {
+                    QVERIFY2(WSAGetLastError() == WSAEINPROGRESS, "Unexpected error");
+                    QVERIFY2(nativeSelect(fd, 10000 - timeout.elapsed(), true), "Timeout");
+                }
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+
+        // send request
+        {
+            QByteArray request = "GET /qtest/bigfile HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+                                 "Connection: close\r\n"
+                                 "User-Agent: tst_QTcpSocket_stresstest/1.0\r\n"
+                                 "Host: " + hostname.toLatin1() + "\r\n"
+                                 "\r\n";
+            qint64 bytesWritten = 0;
+            while (bytesWritten < request.size()) {
+                qint64 ret = ::send(fd, request.constData() + bytesWritten, request.size() - bytesWritten, 0);
+                if (ret == -1 && errno != EWOULDBLOCK) {
+                    ::close(fd);
+                    QFAIL(QByteArray("Error writing: ").append(strerror(errno)).constData());
+                } else if (ret == -1) {
+                    // wait for writing
+                    QVERIFY2(nativeSelect(fd, 10000 - timeout.elapsed(), true), "Timeout");
+                    continue;
+                }
+                bytesWritten += ret;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // receive reply
+        char buf[16384];
+        while (true) {
+            qint64 ret = ::recv(fd, buf, sizeof buf, 0);
+            if (ret == -1 && errno != EWOULDBLOCK) {
+                ::close(fd);
+                QFAIL("Timeout");
+            } else if (ret == -1) {
+                // wait for reading
+                QVERIFY2(nativeSelect(fd, 10000 - timeout.elapsed(), false), "Timeout");
+            } else if (ret == 0) {
+                break; // EOF
+            }
+            byteCounter += ret;
+        }
+        ::close(fd);
+
+        totalBytes += byteCounter;
+        if (intermediateDebug) {
+            double rate = (byteCounter * 1.0 / timeout.elapsed());
+            qDebug() << i << byteCounter << "bytes in" << timeout.elapsed() << "ms:"
+                    << (rate / 1024.0 / 1024 * 1000) << "MB/s";
+        }
+    }
+    qDebug() << "Average transfer rate was" << (totalBytes / 1024.0 / 1024 * 1000 / outerTimer.elapsed()) << "MB/s";
+}
+
+void tst_NetworkStressTest::blockingConnectDisconnect()
+{
+    QFETCH_GLOBAL(QString, hostname);
+    QFETCH_GLOBAL(int, port);
+
+    qint64 totalBytes = 0;
+    QElapsedTimer outerTimer;
+    outerTimer.start();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < AttemptCount; ++i) {
+        QElapsedTimer timeout;
+        byteCounter = 0;
+        timeout.start();
+
+        QTcpSocket socket;
+        socket.connectToHost(hostname, port);
+        QVERIFY2(socket.waitForConnected(), "Timeout");
+
+        socket.write("GET /qtest/bigfile HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+                     "Connection: close\r\n"
+                     "User-Agent: tst_QTcpSocket_stresstest/1.0\r\n"
+                     "Host: " + hostname.toLatin1() + "\r\n"
+                     "\r\n");
+        while (socket.bytesToWrite())
+            QVERIFY2(socket.waitForBytesWritten(), "Timeout");
+
+        while (socket.state() == QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState && !timeout.hasExpired(10000)) {
+            socket.waitForReadyRead();
+            byteCounter += socket.readAll().size(); // discard
+        }
+
+        totalBytes += byteCounter;
+        if (intermediateDebug) {
+            double rate = (byteCounter * 1.0 / timeout.elapsed());
+            qDebug() << i << byteCounter << "bytes in" << timeout.elapsed() << "ms:"
+                    << (rate / 1024.0 / 1024 * 1000) << "MB/s";
+        }
+    }
+    qDebug() << "Average transfer rate was" << (totalBytes / 1024.0 / 1024 * 1000 / outerTimer.elapsed()) << "MB/s";
+}
+
+void tst_NetworkStressTest::blockingPipelined()
+{
+    QFETCH_GLOBAL(QString, hostname);
+    QFETCH_GLOBAL(int, port);
+
+    qint64 totalBytes = 0;
+    QElapsedTimer outerTimer;
+    outerTimer.start();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < AttemptCount / 2; ++i) {
+        QElapsedTimer timeout;
+        byteCounter = 0;
+        timeout.start();
+
+        QTcpSocket socket;
+        socket.connectToHost(hostname, port);
+        QVERIFY2(socket.waitForConnected(), "Timeout");
+
+        for (int j = 0 ; j < 3; ++j) {
+            if (intermediateDebug)
+                qDebug("Attempt %d%c", i, 'a' + j);
+            socket.write("GET /qtest/bigfile HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+                         "Connection: " + QByteArray(j == 2 ? "close" : "keep-alive") + "\r\n"
+                         "User-Agent: tst_QTcpSocket_stresstest/1.0\r\n"
+                         "Host: " + hostname.toLatin1() + "\r\n"
+                         "\r\n");
+            while (socket.bytesToWrite())
+                QVERIFY2(socket.waitForBytesWritten(), "Timeout");
+        }
+
+        while (socket.state() == QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState && !timeout.hasExpired(10000)) {
+            socket.waitForReadyRead();
+            byteCounter += socket.readAll().size(); // discard
+        }
+
+        totalBytes += byteCounter;
+        if (intermediateDebug) {
+            double rate = (byteCounter * 1.0 / timeout.elapsed());
+            qDebug() << i << byteCounter << "bytes in" << timeout.elapsed() << "ms:"
+                    << (rate / 1024.0 / 1024 * 1000) << "MB/s";
+        }
+    }
+    qDebug() << "Average transfer rate was" << (totalBytes / 1024.0 / 1024 * 1000 / outerTimer.elapsed()) << "MB/s";
+}
+
+void tst_NetworkStressTest::blockingMultipleRequests()
+{
+    QFETCH_GLOBAL(QString, hostname);
+    QFETCH_GLOBAL(int, port);
+
+    qint64 totalBytes = 0;
+    QElapsedTimer outerTimer;
+    outerTimer.start();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < AttemptCount / 5; ++i) {
+        QTcpSocket socket;
+        socket.connectToHost(hostname, port);
+        QVERIFY2(socket.waitForConnected(), "Timeout");
+
+        for (int j = 0 ; j < 5; ++j) {
+            QElapsedTimer timeout;
+            byteCounter = 0;
+            timeout.start();
+
+            socket.write("GET /qtest/bigfile HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+                         "Connection: keep-alive\r\n"
+                         "User-Agent: tst_QTcpSocket_stresstest/1.0\r\n"
+                         "Host: " + hostname.toLatin1() + "\r\n"
+                         "\r\n");
+            while (socket.bytesToWrite())
+                QVERIFY2(socket.waitForBytesWritten(), "Timeout");
+
+            qint64 bytesRead = 0;
+            qint64 bytesExpected = -1;
+            QByteArray buffer;
+            while (socket.state() == QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState && !timeout.hasExpired(10000)) {
+                socket.waitForReadyRead();
+                buffer += socket.readAll();
+                byteCounter += buffer.size();
+                int pos = buffer.indexOf("\r\n\r\n");
+                if (pos == -1)
+                    continue;
+
+                bytesRead = buffer.length() - pos - 4;
+
+                buffer.truncate(pos + 2);
+                buffer = buffer.toLower();
+                pos = buffer.indexOf("\r\ncontent-length: ");
+                if (pos == -1) {
+                    qWarning() << "no content-length:" << QString(buffer);
+                    break;
+                }
+                pos += strlen("\r\ncontent-length: ");
+
+                int eol = buffer.indexOf("\r\n", pos + 2);
+                if (eol == -1) {
+                    qWarning() << "invalid header";
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                bytesExpected = buffer.mid(pos, eol - pos).toLongLong();
+                break;
+            }
+            QVERIFY(bytesExpected > 0);
+            QVERIFY2(!timeout.hasExpired(10000), "Timeout");
+
+            while (socket.state() == QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState && !timeout.hasExpired(10000) && bytesExpected > bytesRead) {
+                socket.waitForReadyRead();
+                int blocklen = socket.read(bytesExpected - bytesRead).length(); // discard
+                bytesRead += blocklen;
+                byteCounter += blocklen;
+            }
+            QVERIFY2(!timeout.hasExpired(10000), "Timeout");
+            QCOMPARE(bytesRead, bytesExpected);
+
+            totalBytes += byteCounter;
+            if (intermediateDebug) {
+                double rate = (byteCounter * 1.0 / timeout.elapsed());
+                qDebug() << i << byteCounter << "bytes in" << timeout.elapsed() << "ms:"
+                        << (rate / 1024.0 / 1024 * 1000) << "MB/s";
+            }
+        }
+
+        socket.disconnectFromHost();
+        QVERIFY(socket.state() == QAbstractSocket::UnconnectedState);
+    }
+    qDebug() << "Average transfer rate was" << (totalBytes / 1024.0 / 1024 * 1000 / outerTimer.elapsed()) << "MB/s";
+}
+
+void tst_NetworkStressTest::connectDisconnect()
+{
+    QFETCH_GLOBAL(QString, hostname);
+    QFETCH_GLOBAL(int, port);
+
+    qint64 totalBytes = 0;
+    QElapsedTimer outerTimer;
+    outerTimer.start();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < AttemptCount; ++i) {
+        QElapsedTimer timeout;
+        byteCounter = 0;
+        timeout.start();
+
+        QTcpSocket socket;
+        socket.connectToHost(hostname, port);
+
+        socket.write("GET /qtest/bigfile HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+                     "Connection: close\r\n"
+                     "User-Agent: tst_QTcpSocket_stresstest/1.0\r\n"
+                     "Host: " + hostname.toLatin1() + "\r\n"
+                     "\r\n");
+        connect(&socket, SIGNAL(readyRead()), SLOT(slotReadAll()));
+
+        QTestEventLoop::instance().connect(&socket, SIGNAL(disconnected()), SLOT(exitLoop()));
+        QTestEventLoop::instance().enterLoop(30);
+        QVERIFY2(!QTestEventLoop::instance().timeout(), "Timeout");
+
+        totalBytes += byteCounter;
+        if (intermediateDebug) {
+            double rate = (byteCounter * 1.0 / timeout.elapsed());
+            qDebug() << i << byteCounter << "bytes in" << timeout.elapsed() << "ms:"
+                    << (rate / 1024.0 / 1024 * 1000) << "MB/s";
+        }
+    }
+    qDebug() << "Average transfer rate was" << (totalBytes / 1024.0 / 1024 * 1000 / outerTimer.elapsed()) << "MB/s";
+}
+
+void tst_NetworkStressTest::parallelConnectDisconnect_data()
+{
+    QTest::addColumn<int>("parallelAttempts");
+    QTest::newRow("1") << 1;
+    QTest::newRow("2") << 2;
+    QTest::newRow("4") << 4;
+    QTest::newRow("5") << 5;
+    QTest::newRow("6") << 6;
+    QTest::newRow("8") << 8;
+    QTest::newRow("10") << 10;
+    QTest::newRow("25") << 25;
+    QTest::newRow("100") << 100;
+    QTest::newRow("500") << 500;
+}
+
+void tst_NetworkStressTest::parallelConnectDisconnect()
+{
+    QFETCH_GLOBAL(QString, hostname);
+    QFETCH_GLOBAL(int, port);
+    QFETCH(int, parallelAttempts);
+
+    if (parallelAttempts > 100) {
+        QFETCH_GLOBAL(bool, isLocalhost);
+        if (!isLocalhost)
+            QSKIP("Localhost-only test", SkipSingle);
+    }
+
+    qint64 totalBytes = 0;
+    QElapsedTimer outerTimer;
+    outerTimer.start();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < qMax(2, AttemptCount/qMax(2, parallelAttempts/4)); ++i) {
+        QElapsedTimer timeout;
+        byteCounter = 0;
+        timeout.start();
+
+        QTcpSocket *socket = new QTcpSocket[parallelAttempts];
+        for (int j = 0; j < parallelAttempts; ++j) {
+            socket[j].connectToHost(hostname, port);
+
+            socket[j].write("GET /qtest/bigfile HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+                            "Connection: close\r\n"
+                            "User-Agent: tst_QTcpSocket_stresstest/1.0\r\n"
+                            "Host: " + hostname.toLatin1() + "\r\n"
+                            "\r\n");
+            connect(&socket[j], SIGNAL(readyRead()), SLOT(slotReadAll()));
+
+            QTestEventLoop::instance().connect(&socket[j], SIGNAL(disconnected()), SLOT(exitLoop()));
+        }
+
+        while (!timeout.hasExpired(30000)) {
+            QTestEventLoop::instance().enterLoop(10);
+            int done = 0;
+            for (int j = 0; j < parallelAttempts; ++j)
+                done += socket[j].state() == QAbstractSocket::UnconnectedState ? 1 : 0;
+            if (done == parallelAttempts)
+                break;
+        }
+        delete[] socket;
+        QVERIFY2(!timeout.hasExpired(30000), "Timeout");
+
+        totalBytes += byteCounter;
+        if (intermediateDebug) {
+            double rate = (byteCounter * 1.0 / timeout.elapsed());
+            qDebug() << i << byteCounter << "bytes in" << timeout.elapsed() << "ms:"
+                    << (rate / 1024.0 / 1024 * 1000) << "MB/s";
+        }
+    }
+    qDebug() << "Average transfer rate was" << (totalBytes / 1024.0 / 1024 * 1000 / outerTimer.elapsed()) << "MB/s";
+}
+
+void tst_NetworkStressTest::namGet_data()
+{
+    QTest::addColumn<int>("parallelAttempts");
+    QTest::addColumn<bool>("pipelineAllowed");
+
+    QTest::newRow("1") << 1 << false;
+    QTest::newRow("1p") << 1 << true;
+    QTest::newRow("2") << 2 << false;
+    QTest::newRow("2p") << 2 << true;
+    QTest::newRow("4") << 4 << false;
+    QTest::newRow("4p") << 4 << true;
+    QTest::newRow("5") << 5 << false;
+    QTest::newRow("5p") << 5 << true;
+    QTest::newRow("6") << 6 << false;
+    QTest::newRow("6p") << 6 << true;
+    QTest::newRow("8") << 8 << false;
+    QTest::newRow("8p") << 8 << true;
+    QTest::newRow("10") << 10 << false;
+    QTest::newRow("10p") << 10 << true;
+    QTest::newRow("25") << 25 << false;
+    QTest::newRow("25p") << 25 << true;
+    QTest::newRow("100") << 100 << false;
+    QTest::newRow("100p") << 100 << true;
+    QTest::newRow("500") << 500 << false;
+    QTest::newRow("500p") << 500 << true;
+}
+
+void tst_NetworkStressTest::namGet()
+{
+    QFETCH_GLOBAL(QString, hostname);
+    QFETCH_GLOBAL(int, port);
+    QFETCH(int, parallelAttempts);
+    QFETCH(bool, pipelineAllowed);
+
+    if (parallelAttempts > 100) {
+        QFETCH_GLOBAL(bool, isLocalhost);
+        if (!isLocalhost)
+            QSKIP("Localhost-only test", SkipSingle);
+    }
+
+    qint64 totalBytes = 0;
+    QElapsedTimer outerTimer;
+    outerTimer.start();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < qMax(2, AttemptCount/qMax(2, parallelAttempts/4)); ++i) {
+        QElapsedTimer timeout;
+        byteCounter = 0;
+        timeout.start();
+
+        QUrl url;
+        url.setScheme("http");
+        url.setHost(hostname);
+        url.setPort(port);
+        url.setEncodedPath("/qtest/bigfile");
+        QNetworkRequest req(url);
+        req.setAttribute(QNetworkRequest::HttpPipeliningAllowedAttribute, pipelineAllowed);
+
+        QVector<QSharedPointer<QNetworkReply> > replies;
+        replies.resize(parallelAttempts);
+        for (int j = 0; j < parallelAttempts; ++j) {
+            QNetworkReply *r = manager.get(req);
+
+            connect(r, SIGNAL(readyRead()), SLOT(slotReadAll()));
+            QTestEventLoop::instance().connect(r, SIGNAL(finished()), SLOT(exitLoop()));
+
+            replies[j] = QSharedPointer<QNetworkReply>(r);
+        }
+
+        while (!timeout.hasExpired(30000)) {
+            QTestEventLoop::instance().enterLoop(10);
+            int done = 0;
+            for (int j = 0; j < parallelAttempts; ++j)
+                done += replies[j]->isFinished() ? 1 : 0;
+            if (done == parallelAttempts)
+                break;
+        }
+        replies.clear();
+
+        QVERIFY2(!timeout.hasExpired(30000), "Timeout");
+        totalBytes += byteCounter;
+        if (intermediateDebug) {
+            double rate = (byteCounter * 1.0 / timeout.elapsed());
+            qDebug() << i << byteCounter << "bytes in" << timeout.elapsed() << "ms:"
+                    << (rate / 1024.0 / 1024 * 1000) << "MB/s";
+        }
+    }
+    qDebug() << "Average transfer rate was" << (totalBytes / 1024.0 / 1024 * 1000 / outerTimer.elapsed()) << "MB/s";
+}
+
+QTEST_MAIN(tst_NetworkStressTest);
+
+#include "tst_network_stresstest.moc"
diff --git a/tests/manual/network_stresstest/wwwfiles.qrc b/tests/manual/network_stresstest/wwwfiles.qrc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d602a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/manual/network_stresstest/wwwfiles.qrc
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<RCC>
+    <qresource prefix="/">
+        <file>qtest</file>
+    </qresource>
+</RCC>
diff --git a/tools/configure/configureapp.cpp b/tools/configure/configureapp.cpp
index dfd1196..687f8a1 100644
--- a/tools/configure/configureapp.cpp
+++ b/tools/configure/configureapp.cpp
@@ -1527,7 +1527,6 @@ void Configure::applySpecSpecifics()
         dictionary[ "QT_ICONV" ]            = "no";
 
         dictionary["DECORATIONS"]           = "default windows styled";
-        dictionary[ "QMAKEADDITIONALARGS" ] = "-unix";
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/tools/linguist/lupdate/cpp.cpp b/tools/linguist/lupdate/cpp.cpp
index 2d5620e..db4bbca 100644
--- a/tools/linguist/lupdate/cpp.cpp
+++ b/tools/linguist/lupdate/cpp.cpp
@@ -65,47 +65,44 @@ static QString MagicComment(QLatin1String("TRANSLATOR"));
 
 class HashString {
 public:
-    HashString() : m_hashed(false) {}
-    explicit HashString(const QString &str) : m_str(str), m_hashed(false) {}
-    void setValue(const QString &str) { m_str = str; m_hashed = false; }
+    HashString() : m_hash(0x80000000) {}
+    explicit HashString(const QString &str) : m_str(str), m_hash(0x80000000) {}
+    void setValue(const QString &str) { m_str = str; m_hash = 0x80000000; }
     const QString &value() const { return m_str; }
     bool operator==(const HashString &other) const { return m_str == other.m_str; }
 private:
     QString m_str;
+    // qHash() of a QString is only 28 bits wide, so we can use
+    // the highest bit(s) as the "hash valid" flag.
     mutable uint m_hash;
-    mutable bool m_hashed;
     friend uint qHash(const HashString &str);
 };
 
 uint qHash(const HashString &str)
 {
-    if (!str.m_hashed) {
-        str.m_hashed = true;
+    if (str.m_hash & 0x80000000)
         str.m_hash = qHash(str.m_str);
-    }
     return str.m_hash;
 }
 
 class HashStringList {
 public:
-    explicit HashStringList(const QList<HashString> &list) : m_list(list), m_hashed(false) {}
+    explicit HashStringList(const QList<HashString> &list) : m_list(list), m_hash(0x80000000) {}
     const QList<HashString> &value() const { return m_list; }
     bool operator==(const HashStringList &other) const { return m_list == other.m_list; }
 private:
     QList<HashString> m_list;
     mutable uint m_hash;
-    mutable bool m_hashed;
     friend uint qHash(const HashStringList &list);
 };
 
 uint qHash(const HashStringList &list)
 {
-    if (!list.m_hashed) {
-        list.m_hashed = true;
+    if (list.m_hash & 0x80000000) {
         uint hash = 0;
         foreach (const HashString &qs, list.m_list) {
-            hash ^= qHash(qs) ^ 0xa09df22f;
-            hash = (hash << 13) | (hash >> 19);
+            hash ^= qHash(qs) ^ 0x0ad9f526;
+            hash = ((hash << 13) & 0x0fffffff) | (hash >> 15);
         }
         list.m_hash = hash;
     }
@@ -215,13 +212,15 @@ public:
 private:
     struct IfdefState {
         IfdefState() {}
-        IfdefState(int _braceDepth, int _parenDepth) :
+        IfdefState(int _bracketDepth, int _braceDepth, int _parenDepth) :
+            bracketDepth(_bracketDepth),
             braceDepth(_braceDepth),
             parenDepth(_parenDepth),
             elseLine(-1)
         {}
 
         SavedState state;
+        int bracketDepth, bracketDepth1st;
         int braceDepth, braceDepth1st;
         int parenDepth, parenDepth1st;
         int elseLine;
@@ -280,14 +279,14 @@ private:
 
     enum {
         Tok_Eof, Tok_class, Tok_friend, Tok_namespace, Tok_using, Tok_return,
-        Tok_tr = 10, Tok_trUtf8, Tok_translate, Tok_translateUtf8, Tok_trid,
-        Tok_Q_OBJECT = 20, Tok_Q_DECLARE_TR_FUNCTIONS,
+        Tok_tr, Tok_trUtf8, Tok_translate, Tok_translateUtf8, Tok_trid,
+        Tok_Q_OBJECT, Tok_Q_DECLARE_TR_FUNCTIONS,
         Tok_Ident, Tok_Comment, Tok_String, Tok_Arrow, Tok_Colon, Tok_ColonColon,
-        Tok_Equals,
-        Tok_LeftBrace = 30, Tok_RightBrace, Tok_LeftParen, Tok_RightParen, Tok_Comma, Tok_Semicolon,
-        Tok_Null = 40, Tok_Integer,
-        Tok_QuotedInclude = 50, Tok_AngledInclude,
-        Tok_Other = 99
+        Tok_Equals, Tok_LeftBracket, Tok_RightBracket,
+        Tok_LeftBrace, Tok_RightBrace, Tok_LeftParen, Tok_RightParen, Tok_Comma, Tok_Semicolon,
+        Tok_Null, Tok_Integer,
+        Tok_QuotedInclude, Tok_AngledInclude,
+        Tok_Other
     };
 
     // Tokenizer state
@@ -299,10 +298,12 @@ private:
     QString yyWord;
     qlonglong yyInteger;
     QStack<IfdefState> yyIfdefStack;
+    int yyBracketDepth;
     int yyBraceDepth;
     int yyParenDepth;
     int yyLineNo;
     int yyCurLineNo;
+    int yyBracketLineNo;
     int yyBraceLineNo;
     int yyParenLineNo;
 
@@ -339,9 +340,11 @@ CppParser::CppParser(ParseResults *_results)
         results = new ParseResults;
         directInclude = false;
     }
+    yyBracketDepth = 0;
     yyBraceDepth = 0;
     yyParenDepth = 0;
     yyCurLineNo = 1;
+    yyBracketLineNo = 1;
     yyBraceLineNo = 1;
     yyParenLineNo = 1;
     yyAtNewline = true;
@@ -568,7 +571,7 @@ uint CppParser::getToken()
                 yyCh = getChar();
                 if (yyCh == 'f') {
                     // if, ifdef, ifndef
-                    yyIfdefStack.push(IfdefState(yyBraceDepth, yyParenDepth));
+                    yyIfdefStack.push(IfdefState(yyBracketDepth, yyBraceDepth, yyParenDepth));
                     yyCh = getChar();
                 } else if (yyCh == 'n') {
                     // include
@@ -607,16 +610,20 @@ uint CppParser::getToken()
                     if (!yyIfdefStack.isEmpty()) {
                         IfdefState &is = yyIfdefStack.top();
                         if (is.elseLine != -1) {
-                            if (yyBraceDepth != is.braceDepth1st || yyParenDepth != is.parenDepth1st)
-                                qWarning("%s:%d: Parenthesis/brace mismatch between "
+                            if (yyBracketDepth != is.bracketDepth1st
+                                || yyBraceDepth != is.braceDepth1st
+                                || yyParenDepth != is.parenDepth1st)
+                                qWarning("%s:%d: Parenthesis/bracket/brace mismatch between "
                                          "#if and #else branches; using #if branch\n",
                                          qPrintable(yyFileName), is.elseLine);
                         } else {
+                            is.bracketDepth1st = yyBracketDepth;
                             is.braceDepth1st = yyBraceDepth;
                             is.parenDepth1st = yyParenDepth;
                             saveState(&is.state);
                         }
                         is.elseLine = yyLineNo;
+                        yyBracketDepth = is.bracketDepth;
                         yyBraceDepth = is.braceDepth;
                         yyParenDepth = is.parenDepth;
                     }
@@ -626,10 +633,13 @@ uint CppParser::getToken()
                     if (!yyIfdefStack.isEmpty()) {
                         IfdefState is = yyIfdefStack.pop();
                         if (is.elseLine != -1) {
-                            if (yyBraceDepth != is.braceDepth1st || yyParenDepth != is.parenDepth1st)
+                            if (yyBracketDepth != is.bracketDepth1st
+                                || yyBraceDepth != is.braceDepth1st
+                                || yyParenDepth != is.parenDepth1st)
                                 qWarning("%s:%d: Parenthesis/brace mismatch between "
                                          "#if and #else branches; using #if branch\n",
                                          qPrintable(yyFileName), is.elseLine);
+                            yyBracketDepth = is.bracketDepth1st;
                             yyBraceDepth = is.braceDepth1st;
                             yyParenDepth = is.parenDepth1st;
                             loadState(&is.state);
@@ -902,6 +912,21 @@ uint CppParser::getToken()
                     yyParenDepth--;
                 yyCh = getChar();
                 return Tok_RightParen;
+            case '[':
+                if (yyBracketDepth == 0)
+                    yyBracketLineNo = yyCurLineNo;
+                yyBracketDepth++;
+                yyCh = getChar();
+                return Tok_LeftBracket;
+            case ']':
+                if (yyBracketDepth == 0)
+                    qWarning("%s:%d: Excess closing bracket in C++ code"
+                             " (or abuse of the C++ preprocessor)\n",
+                             qPrintable(yyFileName), yyCurLineNo);
+                else
+                    yyBracketDepth--;
+                yyCh = getChar();
+                return Tok_RightBracket;
             case ',':
                 yyCh = getChar();
                 return Tok_Comma;
@@ -1537,6 +1562,12 @@ void CppParser::parseInternal(ConversionData &cd, QSet<QString> &inclusions)
     yyCh = getChar();
     yyTok = getToken();
     while (yyTok != Tok_Eof) {
+        // these are array indexing operations. we ignore them entirely
+        // so they don't confuse our scoping of static initializers.
+        // we enter the loop by either reading a left bracket or by an
+        // #else popping the state.
+        while (yyBracketDepth)
+            yyTok = getToken();
         //qDebug() << "TOKEN: " << yyTok;
         switch (yyTok) {
         case Tok_QuotedInclude: {
@@ -2004,9 +2035,14 @@ void CppParser::parseInternal(ConversionData &cd, QSet<QString> &inclusions)
                     } else {
                         context = comment.left(k);
                         comment.remove(0, k + 1);
-                        recordMessage(yyLineNo, context, QString(), comment, extracomment,
-                                      QString(), TranslatorMessage::ExtraData(), false, false);
+                        TranslatorMessage msg(
+                                transcode(context, false), QString(),
+                                transcode(comment, false), QString(),
+                                yyFileName, yyLineNo, QStringList(),
+                                TranslatorMessage::Finished, false);
+                        msg.setExtraComment(transcode(extracomment.simplified(), false));
                         extracomment.clear();
+                        tor->append(msg);
                         tor->setExtras(extra);
                         extra.clear();
                     }
@@ -2077,6 +2113,9 @@ void CppParser::parseInternal(ConversionData &cd, QSet<QString> &inclusions)
         default:
             if (!yyParenDepth)
                 prospectiveContext.clear();
+            // fallthrough
+        case Tok_Equals: // for static initializers; other cases make no difference
+        case Tok_RightBracket: // ignoring indexing; same reason
         case_default:
             yyTok = getToken();
             break;
@@ -2091,6 +2130,10 @@ void CppParser::parseInternal(ConversionData &cd, QSet<QString> &inclusions)
         qWarning("%s:%d: Unbalanced opening parenthesis in C++ code"
                  " (or abuse of the C++ preprocessor)\n",
                  qPrintable(yyFileName), yyParenLineNo);
+    else if (yyBracketDepth != 0)
+        qWarning("%s:%d: Unbalanced opening bracket in C++ code"
+                 " (or abuse of the C++ preprocessor)\n",
+                 qPrintable(yyFileName), yyBracketLineNo);
 }
 
 const ParseResults *CppParser::recordResults(bool isHeader)
diff --git a/tools/qdoc3/htmlgenerator.cpp b/tools/qdoc3/htmlgenerator.cpp
index 6922ef8..a5dc7b7 100644
--- a/tools/qdoc3/htmlgenerator.cpp
+++ b/tools/qdoc3/htmlgenerator.cpp
@@ -1473,7 +1473,7 @@ void HtmlGenerator::generateFakeNode(const FakeNode *fake, CodeMarker *marker)
       Don't generate a TOC for the home page.
     */
     if (fake->name() != QString("index.html"))
-        generateTableOfContents(fake,marker);
+        generateTableOfContents(fake,marker,0);
 
     generateTitle(fullTitle,
                   Text() << fake->subTitle(),
@@ -2033,15 +2033,11 @@ void HtmlGenerator::generateTableOfContents(const Node *node,
                                             CodeMarker *marker,
                                             QList<Section>* sections)
 {
-    if (!node->doc().hasTableOfContents()) {
-        if (node->subType() !=  Node::Module)
-            return;
-    }
-    QList<Atom *> toc = node->doc().tableOfContents();
-    if (toc.isEmpty()) {
-        if (node->subType() !=  Node::Module)
-            return;
-    }
+    QList<Atom*> toc;
+    if (node->doc().hasTableOfContents()) 
+        toc = node->doc().tableOfContents();
+    if (toc.isEmpty() && !sections && (node->subType() != Node::Module))
+        return;
 
     QStringList sectionNumber;
     int detailsBase = 0;
diff --git a/util/local_database/cldr2qlocalexml.py b/util/local_database/cldr2qlocalexml.py
index ede7763..fa9ab47 100755
--- a/util/local_database/cldr2qlocalexml.py
+++ b/util/local_database/cldr2qlocalexml.py
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ import sys
 import enumdata
 import xpathlite
 from  xpathlite import DraftResolution
+from dateconverter import convert_date
 import re
 
 findEntry = xpathlite.findEntry
@@ -144,10 +145,10 @@ def generateLocaleInfo(path):
     result['exp'] = get_number_in_system(path, "numbers/symbols/exponential", numbering_system).lower()
     result['am'] = findEntry(path, "dates/calendars/calendar[gregorian]/dayPeriods/dayPeriodContext[format]/dayPeriodWidth[wide]/dayPeriod[am]", draft)
     result['pm'] = findEntry(path, "dates/calendars/calendar[gregorian]/dayPeriods/dayPeriodContext[format]/dayPeriodWidth[wide]/dayPeriod[pm]", draft)
-    result['longDateFormat'] = findEntry(path, "dates/calendars/calendar[gregorian]/dateFormats/dateFormatLength[full]/dateFormat/pattern")
-    result['shortDateFormat'] = findEntry(path, "dates/calendars/calendar[gregorian]/dateFormats/dateFormatLength[short]/dateFormat/pattern")
-    result['longTimeFormat'] = findEntry(path, "dates/calendars/calendar[gregorian]/timeFormats/timeFormatLength[full]/timeFormat/pattern")
-    result['shortTimeFormat'] = findEntry(path, "dates/calendars/calendar[gregorian]/timeFormats/timeFormatLength[short]/timeFormat/pattern")
+    result['longDateFormat'] = convert_date(findEntry(path, "dates/calendars/calendar[gregorian]/dateFormats/dateFormatLength[full]/dateFormat/pattern"))
+    result['shortDateFormat'] = convert_date(findEntry(path, "dates/calendars/calendar[gregorian]/dateFormats/dateFormatLength[short]/dateFormat/pattern"))
+    result['longTimeFormat'] = convert_date(findEntry(path, "dates/calendars/calendar[gregorian]/timeFormats/timeFormatLength[full]/timeFormat/pattern"))
+    result['shortTimeFormat'] = convert_date(findEntry(path, "dates/calendars/calendar[gregorian]/timeFormats/timeFormatLength[short]/timeFormat/pattern"))
 
     standalone_long_month_path = "dates/calendars/calendar[gregorian]/months/monthContext[stand-alone]/monthWidth[wide]/month"
     result['standaloneLongMonths'] \
diff --git a/util/local_database/dateconverter.py b/util/local_database/dateconverter.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3fe94a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/local_database/dateconverter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#############################################################################
+##
+## Copyright (C) 2010 Nokia Corporation and/or its subsidiary(-ies).
+## All rights reserved.
+## Contact: Nokia Corporation (qt-info@nokia.com)
+##
+## This file is part of the test suite of the Qt Toolkit.
+##
+## $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:LGPL$
+## No Commercial Usage
+## This file contains pre-release code and may not be distributed.
+## You may use this file in accordance with the terms and conditions
+## contained in the Technology Preview License Agreement accompanying
+## this package.
+##
+## GNU Lesser General Public License Usage
+## Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Lesser
+## General Public License version 2.1 as published by the Free Software
+## Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.LGPL included in the
+## packaging of this file.  Please review the following information to
+## ensure the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1 requirements
+## will be met: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.1.html.
+##
+## In addition, as a special exception, Nokia gives you certain additional
+## rights.  These rights are described in the Nokia Qt LGPL Exception
+## version 1.1, included in the file LGPL_EXCEPTION.txt in this package.
+##
+## If you have questions regarding the use of this file, please contact
+## Nokia at qt-info@nokia.com.
+##
+##
+##
+##
+##
+##
+##
+##
+## $QT_END_LICENSE$
+##
+#############################################################################
+
+import re
+
+def _convert_pattern(pattern):
+    # patterns from http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/#Date_Format_Patterns
+    qt_regexps = {
+        r"yyy{3,}" : "yyyy", # more that three digits hence convert to four-digit year
+        r"L" : "M",          # stand-alone month names. not supported.
+        r"g{1,}": "",        # modified julian day. not supported.
+        r"S{1,}" : "",       # fractional seconds. not supported.
+        r"A{1,}" : ""        # milliseconds in day. not supported.
+    }
+    qt_patterns = {
+        "G" : "", "GG" : "", "GGG" : "", "GGGG" : "", "GGGGG" : "", # Era. not supported.
+        "y" : "yyyy", # four-digit year without leading zeroes
+        "Q" : "", "QQ" : "", "QQQ" : "", "QQQQ" : "", # quarter. not supported.
+        "q" : "", "qq" : "", "qqq" : "", "qqqq" : "", # quarter. not supported.
+        "MMMMM" : "MMM", # narrow month name.
+        "LLLLL" : "MMM", # stand-alone narrow month name.
+        "l" : "", # special symbol for chinese leap month. not supported.
+        "w" : "", "W" : "", # week of year/month. not supported.
+        "D" : "", "DD" : "", "DDD" : "", # day of year. not supported.
+        "F" : "", # day of week in month. not supported.
+        "E" : "ddd", "EE" : "ddd", "EEE" : "ddd", "EEEEE" : "ddd", "EEEE" : "dddd", # day of week
+        "e" : "ddd", "ee" : "ddd", "eee" : "ddd", "eeeee" : "ddd", "eeee" : "dddd", # local day of week
+        "c" : "ddd", "cc" : "ddd", "ccc" : "ddd", "ccccc" : "ddd", "cccc" : "dddd", # stand-alone local day of week
+        "a" : "AP", # AM/PM
+        "K" : "h", # Hour 0-11
+        "k" : "H", # Hour 1-24
+        "j" : "", # special reserved symbol.
+        "z" : "t", "zz" : "t", "zzz" : "t", "zzzz" : "t", # timezone
+        "Z" : "t", "ZZ" : "t", "ZZZ" : "t", "ZZZZ" : "t", # timezone
+        "v" : "t", "vv" : "t", "vvv" : "t", "vvvv" : "t", # timezone
+        "V" : "t", "VV" : "t", "VVV" : "t", "VVVV" : "t"  # timezone
+    }
+    if qt_patterns.has_key(pattern):
+        return qt_patterns[pattern]
+    for r,v in qt_regexps.items():
+        pattern = re.sub(r, v, pattern)
+    return pattern
+
+def convert_date(input):
+    result = ""
+    patterns = "GyYuQqMLlwWdDFgEecahHKkjmsSAzZvV"
+    last = ""
+    inquote = 0
+    chars_to_strip = " -"
+    for c in input:
+        if c == "'":
+            inquote = inquote + 1
+        if inquote % 2 == 0:
+            if c in patterns:
+                if not last:
+                    last = c
+                else:
+                    if c in last:
+                        last += c
+                    else:
+                        # pattern changed
+                        converted = _convert_pattern(last)
+                        result += converted
+                        if not converted:
+                            result = result.rstrip(chars_to_strip)
+                        last = c
+                continue
+        if last:
+            # pattern ended
+            converted = _convert_pattern(last)
+            result += converted
+            if not converted:
+                result = result.rstrip(chars_to_strip)
+            last = ""
+        result += c
+    if last:
+        converted = _convert_pattern(last)
+        result += converted
+        if not converted:
+            result = result.rstrip(chars_to_strip)
+    return result.lstrip(chars_to_strip)