update ast 8.6.2

1 files changed, 1482 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/ast/pal/palOne2One.c b/ast/pal/palOne2One.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8d8072
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ast/pal/palOne2One.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1482 @@
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palOne2One
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     File containing simple PAL wrappers for SLA routines that are identical in SOFA
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     Matches SLA API
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Description:
+*     Some SOFA/ERFA routines are identical to their SLA counterparts. PAL provides
+*     direct counterparts to these although it is generally a better idea to
+*     use the SOFA/ERFA routine directly in new code.
+*
+*     The PAL routines with direct equivalents in SOFA/ERFA are:
+*     - palCldj
+*     - palDbear
+*     - palDaf2r
+*     - palDav2m
+*     - palDcc2s
+*     - palDcs2c
+*     - palDd2tf
+*     - palDimxv
+*     - palDm2av
+*     - palDjcl
+*     - palDmxm
+*     - palDmxv
+*     - palDpav
+*     - palDr2af
+*     - palDr2tf
+*     - palDranrm
+*     - palDsep
+*     - palDsepv
+*     - palDtf2d
+*     - palDtf2r
+*     - palDvdv
+*     - palDvn
+*     - palDvxv
+*     - palEpb
+*     - palEpb2d
+*     - palEpj
+*     - palEpj2d
+*     - palEqeqx
+*     - palFk5hz
+*     - palGmst
+*     - palGmsta
+*     - palHfk5z
+*     - palRefcoq
+
+*  Authors:
+*     TIMJ: Tim Jenness (JAC, Hawaii)
+*     DSB: David S Berry (JAC, Hawaii)
+*     {enter_new_authors_here}
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Do not call these functions from other PAL functions. Always use
+*       the SOFA/ERFA routines directly in new code.
+*     - These are implemented as real functions rather than C preprocessor
+*       macros so there may be a performance penalty in using the PAL
+*       version instead of the SOFA/ERFA version.
+*     - Routines that take MJDs have SOFA/ERFA equivalents that have an explicit
+*       MJD offset included.
+*     - palEqeqx, palGmst and palGmsta use the IAU 2006 precession model.
+
+*  History:
+*     2012-02-10 (TIMJ):
+*        Initial version
+*        Adapted with permission from the Fortran SLALIB library.
+*     2012-03-23 (TIMJ):
+*        Update prologue.
+*     2012-05-09 (DSBJ):
+*        Move palDrange into a separate file.
+*     2014-07-15 (TIMJ):
+*        SOFA now has palRefcoq equivalent.
+*     {enter_further_changes_here}
+
+*  Copyright:
+*     Copyright (C) 2014 Tim Jenness
+*     Copyright (C) 2012 Science and Technology Facilities Council.
+*     All Rights Reserved.
+
+*  Licence:
+*     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
+*     modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+*     License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either
+*     version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
+*     version.
+*
+*     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+*     but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+*     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+*     GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+*
+*     You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+*     License along with this program.  If not, see
+*     <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+*  Bugs:
+*     {note_any_bugs_here}
+*-
+*/
+
+#include "pal.h"
+#include "palmac.h"
+#include "pal1sofa.h"
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palCldj
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Gregorian Calendar to Modified Julian Date
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     palCldj( int iy, int im, int id, double *djm, int *j );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     iy = int (Given)
+*        Year in Gregorian calendar
+*     im = int (Given)
+*        Month in Gregorian calendar
+*     id = int (Given)
+*        Day in Gregorian calendar
+*     djm = double * (Returned)
+*        Modified Julian Date (JD-2400000.5) for 0 hrs
+*     j = int * (Returned)
+*        status: 0 = OK, 1 = bad year (MJD not computed),
+*        2 = bad month (MJD not computed), 3 = bad day (MJD computed).
+
+*  Description:
+*     Gregorian calendar to Modified Julian Date.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraCal2jd(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+void palCldj ( int iy, int im, int id, double *djm, int *j ) {
+  double djm0;
+  *j = eraCal2jd( iy, im, id, &djm0, djm );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palDbear
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Bearing (position angle) of one point on a sphere relative to another
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     pa = palDbear( double a1, double b1, double a2, double b2 );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     a1 = double (Given)
+*        Longitude of point A (e.g. RA) in radians.
+*     a2 = double (Given)
+*        Latitude of point A (e.g. Dec) in radians.
+*     b1 = double (Given)
+*        Longitude of point B in radians.
+*     b2 = double (Given)
+*        Latitude of point B in radians.
+
+*  Returned Value:
+*     The result is the bearing (position angle), in radians, of point
+*     A2,B2 as seen from point A1,B1.  It is in the range +/- pi.  If
+*     A2,B2 is due east of A1,B1 the bearing is +pi/2.  Zero is returned
+*     if the two points are coincident.
+
+*  Description:
+*     Bearing (position angle) of one point in a sphere relative to another.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraPas(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+double palDbear ( double a1, double b1, double a2, double b2 ) {
+  return eraPas( a1, b1, a2, b2 );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palDaf2r
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Convert degrees, arcminutes, arcseconds to radians
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     palDaf2r( int ideg, int iamin, double asec, double *rad, int *j );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     ideg = int (Given)
+*        Degrees.
+*     iamin = int (Given)
+*        Arcminutes.
+*     iasec = double (Given)
+*        Arcseconds.
+*     rad = double * (Returned)
+*        Angle in radians.
+*     j = int * (Returned)
+*        Status: 0 = OK, 1 = "ideg" out of range 0-359,
+*                2 = "iamin" outside of range 0-59,
+*                2 = "asec" outside range 0-59.99999
+
+*  Description:
+*     Convert degrees, arcminutes, arcseconds to radians.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraAf2a(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+/* Arguments differ slightly. Assumes that the sign is always positive
+   and dealt with externally. */
+void palDaf2r ( int ideg, int iamin, double asec, double *rad, int *j ) {
+  *j = eraAf2a( ' ', ideg, iamin, asec, rad );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palDav2m
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Form the rotation matrix corresponding to a given axial vector.
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     palDav2m( double axvec[3], double rmat[3][3] );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     axvec = double [3] (Given)
+*       Axial vector (radians)
+*     rmat = double [3][3] (Returned)
+*       Rotation matrix.
+
+*  Description:
+*     A rotation matrix describes a rotation about some arbitrary axis,
+*     called the Euler axis.  The "axial vector" supplied to this routine
+*     has the same direction as the Euler axis, and its magnitude is the
+*     amount of rotation in radians.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraRv2m(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+void palDav2m ( double axvec[3], double rmat[3][3] ) {
+  eraRv2m( axvec, rmat );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palDcc2s
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Cartesian to spherical coordinates
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     palDcc2s( double v[3], double *a, double *b );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     v = double [3] (Given)
+*        x, y, z vector.
+*     a = double * (Returned)
+*        Spherical coordinate (radians)
+*     b = double * (Returned)
+*        Spherical coordinate (radians)
+
+*  Description:
+*     The spherical coordinates are longitude (+ve anticlockwise looking
+*     from the +ve latitude pole) and latitude.  The Cartesian coordinates
+*     are right handed, with the x axis at zero longitude and latitude, and
+*     the z axis at the +ve latitude pole.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraC2s(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+void palDcc2s ( double v[3], double *a, double *b ) {
+  eraC2s( v, a, b );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palDcs2c
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Spherical coordinates to direction cosines
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     palDcs2c( double a, double b, double v[3] );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     a = double (Given)
+*        Spherical coordinate in radians (ra, long etc).
+*     b = double (Given)
+*        Spherical coordinate in radians (dec, lat etc).
+*     v = double [3] (Returned)
+*        x, y, z vector
+
+*  Description:
+*     The spherical coordinates are longitude (+ve anticlockwise looking
+*     from the +ve latitude pole) and latitude.  The Cartesian coordinates
+*     are right handed, with the x axis at zero longitude and latitude, and
+*     the z axis at the +ve latitude pole.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraS2c(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+void palDcs2c ( double a, double b, double v[3] ) {
+  eraS2c( a, b, v );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palDd2tf
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Convert an interval in days into hours, minutes, seconds
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     palDd2tf( int ndp, double days, char *sign, int ihmsf[4] );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     ndp = int (Given)
+*        Number of decimal places of seconds
+*     days = double (Given)
+*        Interval in days
+*     sign = char * (Returned)
+*        '+' or '-' (single character, not string)
+*     ihmsf = int [4] (Returned)
+*        Hours, minutes, seconds, fraction
+
+*  Description:
+*     Convert and interval in days into hours, minutes, seconds.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraD2tf(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+void palDd2tf ( int ndp, double days, char *sign, int ihmsf[4] ) {
+  eraD2tf( ndp, days, sign, ihmsf );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palDimxv
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Perform the 3-D backward unitary transformation
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     palDimxv( double dm[3][3], double va[3], double vb[3] );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     dm = double [3][3] (Given)
+*        Matrix
+*     va = double [3] (Given)
+*        vector
+*     vb = double [3] (Returned)
+*        Result vector
+
+*  Description:
+*     Perform the 3-D backward unitary transformation.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraTrxp(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+void palDimxv ( double dm[3][3], double va[3], double vb[3] ) {
+  eraTrxp( dm, va, vb );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palDm2av
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     From a rotation matrix, determine the corresponding axial vector
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     palDm2av( double rmat[3][3], double axvec[3] );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     rmat = double [3][3] (Given)
+*        Rotation matrix
+*     axvec = double [3] (Returned)
+*        Axial vector (radians)
+
+*  Description:
+*     A rotation matrix describes a rotation about some arbitrary axis,
+*     called the Euler axis.  The "axial vector" returned by this routine
+*     has the same direction as the Euler axis, and its magnitude is the
+*     amount of rotation in radians.  (The magnitude and direction can be
+*     separated by means of the routine palDvn.)
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraRm2v(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+void palDm2av ( double rmat[3][3], double axvec[3] ) {
+  eraRm2v( rmat, axvec );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palDjcl
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Modified Julian Date to Gregorian year, month, day and fraction of day
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     palDjcl( double djm, int *iy, int *im, int *id, double *fd, int *j );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     djm = double (Given)
+*        modified Julian Date (JD-2400000.5)
+*     iy = int * (Returned)
+*        year
+*     im = int * (Returned)
+*        month
+*     id = int * (Returned)
+*        day
+*     fd = double * (Returned)
+*        Fraction of day.
+
+*  Description:
+*     Modified Julian Date to Gregorian year, month, day and fraction of day.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraJd2cal(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+/* Requires additional SLA MJD reference date */
+void palDjcl ( double djm, int *iy, int *im, int *id, double *fd, int *j ) {
+  *j = eraJd2cal( PAL__MJD0, djm, iy, im, id, fd );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palDmxm
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Product of two 3x3 matrices
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     palDmxm( double a[3][3], double b[3][3], double c[3][3] );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     a = double [3][3] (Given)
+*        Matrix
+*     b = double [3][3] (Given)
+*        Matrix
+*     c = double [3][3] (Returned)
+*        Matrix result
+
+*  Description:
+*     Product of two 3x3 matrices.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraRxr(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+void palDmxm ( double a[3][3], double b[3][3], double c[3][3] ) {
+  eraRxr( a, b, c );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palDmxv
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Performs the 3-D forward unitary transformation
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     palDmxv( double dm[3][3], double va[3], double vb[3] );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     dm = double [3][3] (Given)
+*        matrix
+*     va = double [3] (Given)
+*        vector
+*     dp = double [3] (Returned)
+*        result vector
+
+*  Description:
+*     Performs the 3-D forward unitary transformation.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraRxp(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+void palDmxv ( double dm[3][3], double va[3], double vb[3] ) {
+  eraRxp( dm, va, vb );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palDpav
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Position angle of one celestial direction with respect to another
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     pa = palDpav( double v1[3], double v2[3] );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     v1 = double [3] (Given)
+*        direction cosines of one point.
+*     v2 = double [3] (Given)
+*        direction cosines of the other point.
+
+*  Returned Value:
+*     The result is the bearing (position angle), in radians, of point
+*     V2 with respect to point V1.  It is in the range +/- pi.  The
+*     sense is such that if V2 is a small distance east of V1, the
+*     bearing is about +pi/2.  Zero is returned if the two points
+*     are coincident.
+
+*  Description:
+*     Position angle of one celestial direction with respect to another.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - The coordinate frames correspond to RA,Dec, Long,Lat etc.
+*     - Uses eraPap(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+double palDpav ( double v1[3], double v2[3] ) {
+  return eraPap( v1, v2 );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palDr2af
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Convert an angle in radians to degrees, arcminutes, arcseconds
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     palDr2af( int ndp, double angle, char *sign, int idmsf[4] );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     ndp = int (Given)
+*        number of decimal places of arcseconds
+*     angle = double (Given)
+*        angle in radians
+*     sign = char * (Returned)
+*        '+' or '-' (single character)
+*     idmsf = int [4] (Returned)
+*        Degrees, arcminutes, arcseconds, fraction
+
+*  Description:
+*     Convert an angle in radians to degrees, arcminutes, arcseconds.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraA2af(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+void palDr2af ( int ndp, double angle, char *sign, int idmsf[4] ) {
+  eraA2af( ndp, angle, sign, idmsf );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palDr2tf
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Convert an angle in radians to hours, minutes, seconds
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     palDr2tf ( int ndp, double angle, char *sign, int ihmsf[4] );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     ndp = int (Given)
+*        number of decimal places of arcseconds
+*     angle = double (Given)
+*        angle in radians
+*     sign = char * (Returned)
+*        '+' or '-' (single character)
+*     idmsf = int [4] (Returned)
+*        Hours, minutes, seconds, fraction
+
+*  Description:
+*     Convert an angle in radians to hours, minutes, seconds.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraA2tf(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+void palDr2tf( int ndp, double angle, char *sign, int ihmsf[4] ) {
+  eraA2tf( ndp, angle, sign, ihmsf );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palDranrm
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Normalize angle into range 0-2 pi
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     norm = palDranrm( double angle );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     angle = double (Given)
+*        angle in radians
+
+*  Returned Value:
+*     Angle expressed in the range 0-2 pi
+
+*  Description:
+*     Normalize angle into range 0-2 pi.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraAnp(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+double palDranrm ( double angle ) {
+  return eraAnp( angle );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palDsep
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Angle between two points on a sphere
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     ang = palDsep( double a1, double b1, double a2, double b2 );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     a1 = double (Given)
+*        Spherical coordinate of one point (radians)
+*     b1 = double (Given)
+*        Spherical coordinate of one point (radians)
+*     a2 = double (Given)
+*        Spherical coordinate of other point (radians)
+*     b2 = double (Given)
+*        Spherical coordinate of other point (radians)
+
+*  Returned Value:
+*     Angle, in radians, between the two points. Always positive.
+
+*  Description:
+*     Angle between two points on a sphere.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - The spherical coordinates are [RA,Dec], [Long,Lat] etc, in radians.
+*     - Uses eraSeps(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+double palDsep ( double a1, double b1, double a2, double b2 ) {
+  return eraSeps( a1, b1, a2, b2 );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palDsepv
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Angle between two vectors
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     ang = palDsepv( double v1[3], double v2[3] );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     v1 = double [3] (Given)
+*        First vector
+*     v2 = double [3] (Given)
+*        Second vector
+
+*  Returned Value:
+*     Angle, in radians, between the two points. Always positive.
+
+*  Description:
+*     Angle between two vectors.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraSepp(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+double palDsepv ( double v1[3], double v2[3] ) {
+  return eraSepp( v1, v2 );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palDtf2d
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Convert hours, minutes, seconds to days
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     palDtf2d( int ihour, int imin, double sec, double *days, int *j );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     ihour = int (Given)
+*        Hours
+*     imin = int (Given)
+*        Minutes
+*     sec = double (Given)
+*        Seconds
+*     days = double * (Returned)
+*        Interval in days
+*     j = int * (Returned)
+*        status: 0 = ok, 1 = ihour outside range 0-23,
+*        2 = imin outside range 0-59, 3 = sec outside range 0-59.999...
+
+*  Description:
+*     Convert hours, minutes, seconds to days.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraTf2d(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+/* Assumes that the sign is always positive and is dealt with externally */
+void palDtf2d ( int ihour, int imin, double sec, double *days, int *j ) {
+  *j = eraTf2d( ' ', ihour, imin, sec, days );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palDtf2r
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Convert hours, minutes, seconds to radians
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     palDtf2r( int ihour, int imin, double sec, double *rad, int *j );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     ihour = int (Given)
+*        Hours
+*     imin = int (Given)
+*        Minutes
+*     sec = double (Given)
+*        Seconds
+*     days = double * (Returned)
+*        Angle in radians
+*     j = int * (Returned)
+*        status: 0 = ok, 1 = ihour outside range 0-23,
+*        2 = imin outside range 0-59, 3 = sec outside range 0-59.999...
+
+*  Description:
+*     Convert hours, minutes, seconds to radians.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraTf2a(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+/* Assumes that the sign is dealt with outside this routine */
+void palDtf2r ( int ihour, int imin, double sec, double *rad, int *j ) {
+  *j = eraTf2a( ' ', ihour, imin, sec, rad );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palDvdv
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Scalar product of two 3-vectors
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     prod = palDvdv ( double va[3], double vb[3] );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     va = double [3] (Given)
+*        First vector
+*     vb = double [3] (Given)
+*        Second vector
+
+*  Returned Value:
+*     Scalar product va.vb
+
+*  Description:
+*     Scalar product of two 3-vectors.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraPdp(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+double palDvdv ( double va[3], double vb[3] ) {
+  return eraPdp( va, vb );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palDvn
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Normalizes a 3-vector also giving the modulus
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     palDvn( double v[3], double uv[3], double *vm );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     v = double [3] (Given)
+*        vector
+*     uv = double [3] (Returned)
+*        unit vector in direction of "v"
+*     vm = double * (Returned)
+*        modulus of "v"
+
+*  Description:
+*     Normalizes a 3-vector also giving the modulus.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraPn(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+/* Note that the arguments are flipped */
+void palDvn ( double v[3], double uv[3], double *vm ) {
+  eraPn( v, vm, uv );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palDvxv
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Vector product of two 3-vectors
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     palDvxv( double va[3], double vb[3], double vc[3] );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     va = double [3] (Given)
+*        First vector
+*     vb = double [3] (Given)
+*        Second vector
+*     vc = double [3] (Returned)
+*        Result vector
+
+*  Description:
+*     Vector product of two 3-vectors.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraPxp(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+void palDvxv ( double va[3], double vb[3], double vc[3] ) {
+  eraPxp( va, vb, vc );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palEpb
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Conversion of modified Julian Data to Besselian Epoch
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     epb = palEpb ( double date );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     date = double (Given)
+*        Modified Julian Date (JD - 2400000.5)
+
+*  Returned Value:
+*      Besselian epoch.
+
+*  Description:
+*     Conversion of modified Julian Data to Besselian Epoch.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraEpb(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+/* Requires additional SLA MJD reference date */
+double palEpb ( double date ) {
+  return eraEpb( PAL__MJD0, date );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palEpb2d
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Conversion of Besselian Epoch to Modified Julian Date
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     mjd = palEpb2d ( double epb );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     epb = double (Given)
+*        Besselian Epoch
+
+*  Returned Value:
+*     Modified Julian Date (JD - 2400000.5)
+
+*  Description:
+*     Conversion of Besselian Epoch to Modified Julian Date.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraEpb2jd(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+
+double palEpb2d ( double epb ) {
+  double djm0, djm;
+  eraEpb2jd( epb, &djm0, &djm );
+  return djm;
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palEpj
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Conversion of Modified Julian Date to Julian Epoch
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     epj = palEpj ( double date );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     date = double (Given)
+*        Modified Julian Date (JD - 2400000.5)
+
+*  Returned Value:
+*     The Julian Epoch.
+
+*  Description:
+*     Conversion of Modified Julian Date to Julian Epoch.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraEpj(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+/* Requires additional SLA MJD reference date */
+double palEpj ( double date ) {
+  return eraEpj( PAL__MJD0, date );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palEpj2d
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Conversion of Julian Epoch to Modified Julian Date
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     mjd = palEpj2d ( double epj );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     epj = double (Given)
+*        Julian Epoch.
+
+*  Returned Value:
+*     Modified Julian Date (JD - 2400000.5)
+
+*  Description:
+*     Conversion of Julian Epoch to Modified Julian Date.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraEpj2d(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+double palEpj2d ( double epj ) {
+  double djm0, djm;
+  eraEpj2jd( epj, &djm0, &djm );
+  return djm;
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palEqeqx
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Equation of the equinoxes (IAU 2000/2006)
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     palEqeqx( double date );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     date = double (Given)
+*        TT as Modified Julian Date (JD-400000.5)
+
+*  Description:
+*     Equation of the equinoxes (IAU 2000/2006).
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraEe06a(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+/* Requires additional SLA MJD reference date */
+double palEqeqx ( double date ) {
+  return eraEe06a( PAL__MJD0, date );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palFk5hz
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Transform an FK5 (J2000) star position into the frame of the
+*     Hipparcos catalogue.
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     palFk5hz ( double r5, double d5, double epoch,
+*                double *rh, double *dh );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     r5 = double (Given)
+*        FK5 RA (radians), equinox J2000, epoch "epoch"
+*     d5 = double (Given)
+*        FK5 dec (radians), equinox J2000, epoch "epoch"
+*     epoch = double (Given)
+*        Julian epoch
+*     rh = double * (Returned)
+*        RA (radians)
+*     dh = double * (Returned)
+*        Dec (radians)
+
+*  Description:
+*     Transform an FK5 (J2000) star position into the frame of the
+*     Hipparcos catalogue.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Assumes zero Hipparcos proper motion.
+*     - Uses eraEpj2jd() and eraFk5hz.
+*       See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+void palFk5hz ( double r5, double d5, double epoch,
+                double *rh, double *dh ) {
+  /* Need to convert epoch to Julian date first */
+  double date1, date2;
+  eraEpj2jd( epoch, &date1, &date2 );
+  eraFk5hz( r5, d5, date1, date2, rh, dh );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palGmst
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Greenwich mean sidereal time (consistent with IAU 2006 precession).
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     mst = palGmst ( double ut1 );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     ut1 = double (Given)
+*        Universal time (UT1) expressed as modified Julian Date (JD-2400000.5)
+
+*  Returned Value:
+*     Greenwich mean sidereal time
+
+*  Description:
+*     Greenwich mean sidereal time (consistent with IAU 2006 precession).
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraGmst06(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+/* Note that SOFA/ERFA has more accurate time arguments
+   and we use the 2006 precession model */
+double palGmst ( double ut1 ) {
+  return eraGmst06( PAL__MJD0, ut1, PAL__MJD0, ut1 );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palGmsta
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Greenwich mean sidereal time (consistent with IAU 2006 precession).
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     mst = palGmsta ( double date, double ut1 );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     date = double (Given)
+*        UT1 date (MJD: integer part of JD-2400000.5)
+*     ut1 = double (Given)
+*        UT1 time (fraction of a day)
+
+*  Returned Value:
+*     Greenwich mean sidereal time (in range 0 to 2 pi)
+
+*  Description:
+*     Greenwich mean sidereal time (consistent with IAU 2006 precession).
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - For best accuracy use eraGmst06() directly.
+*     - Uses eraGmst06(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+/* Slightly better but still not as accurate as SOFA/ERFA */
+
+double palGmsta( double date, double ut ) {
+  date += PAL__MJD0;
+  return eraGmst06( date, ut, date, ut );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palHfk5z
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Hipparcos star position to FK5 J2000
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     palHfk5z( double rh, double dh, double epoch,
+*               double *r5, double *d5, double *dr5, double *dd5 );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     rh = double (Given)
+*        Hipparcos RA (radians)
+*     dh = double (Given)
+*        Hipparcos Dec (radians)
+*     epoch = double (Given)
+*        Julian epoch (TDB)
+*     r5 = double * (Returned)
+*        RA (radians, FK5, equinox J2000, epoch "epoch")
+*     d5 = double * (Returned)
+*        Dec (radians, FK5, equinox J2000, epoch "epoch")
+
+*  Description:
+*     Transform a Hipparcos star position into FK5 J2000, assuming
+*     zero Hipparcos proper motion.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraEpj2jd and eraHfk5z(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+void palHfk5z ( double rh, double dh, double epoch,
+                double *r5, double *d5, double *dr5, double *dd5 ) {
+  /* Need to convert epoch to Julian date first */
+  double date1, date2;
+  eraEpj2jd( epoch, &date1, &date2 );
+  eraHfk5z( rh, dh, date1, date2, r5, d5, dr5, dd5 );
+}
+
+/*
+*+
+*  Name:
+*     palRefcoq
+
+*  Purpose:
+*     Determine the constants A and B in the atmospheric refraction model
+
+*  Language:
+*     Starlink ANSI C
+
+*  Type of Module:
+*     Library routine
+
+*  Invocation:
+*     palRefcoq( double tdk, double pmb, double rh, double wl,
+*                double *refa, double *refb );
+
+*  Arguments:
+*     tdk = double (Given)
+*        Ambient temperature at the observer (K)
+*     pmb = double (Given)
+*        Pressure at the observer (millibar)
+*     rh =  double (Given)
+*        Relative humidity at the observer (range 0-1)
+*     wl =  double (Given)
+*        Effective wavelength of the source (micrometre).
+*        Radio refraction is chosen by specifying wl > 100 micrometres.
+*     refa = double * (Returned)
+*        tan Z coefficient (radian)
+*     refb = double * (Returned)
+*        tan**3 Z coefficient (radian)
+
+*  Description:
+*     Determine the constants A and B in the atmospheric refraction
+*     model dZ = A tan Z + B tan**3 Z.  This is a fast alternative
+*     to the palRefco routine.
+*
+*     Z is the "observed" zenith distance (i.e. affected by refraction)
+*     and dZ is what to add to Z to give the "topocentric" (i.e. in vacuo)
+*     zenith distance.
+
+*  Notes:
+*     - Uses eraRefco(). See SOFA/ERFA documentation for details.
+*     - Note that the SOFA/ERFA routine uses different order of
+*       of arguments and uses deg C rather than K.
+
+*-
+*/
+
+void palRefcoq ( double tdk, double pmb, double rh, double wl,
+                 double *refa, double *refb ) {
+  /* Note that SLA (and therefore PAL) uses units of kelvin
+     but SOFA/ERFA uses deg C */
+  eraRefco( pmb, tdk - 273.15, rh, wl, refa, refb );
+}