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authorWilliam Joye <wjoye@cfa.harvard.edu>2017-09-22 18:51:12 (GMT)
committerWilliam Joye <wjoye@cfa.harvard.edu>2017-09-22 18:51:12 (GMT)
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-'\"
-'\" Copyright (c) 2001 by ActiveState Corporation
-'\"
-'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
-'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
-'\"
-.TH "Standard Channels" 3 7.5 Tcl "Tcl Library Procedures"
-.so man.macros
-.BS
-'\" Note: do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
-.SH NAME
-Tcl_StandardChannels \- How the Tcl library deals with the standard channels
-.BE
-
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.PP
-This page explains the initialization and use of standard channels in
-the Tcl library.
-.PP
-The term \fIstandard channels\fR comes out of the Unix world and
-refers to the three channels automatically opened by the OS for
-each new application. They are \fBstdin\fR, \fBstdout\fR and
-\fBstderr\fR. The first is the standard input an application can read
-from, the other two refer to writable channels, one for regular
-output and the other for error messages.
-.PP
-Tcl generalizes this concept in a cross-platform way and
-exposes standard channels to the script level.
-.SS "APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACES"
-.PP
-The public API procedures dealing directly with standard channels are
-\fBTcl_GetStdChannel\fR and \fBTcl_SetStdChannel\fR. Additional public
-APIs to consider are \fBTcl_RegisterChannel\fR,
-\fBTcl_CreateChannel\fR and \fBTcl_GetChannel\fR.
-.SH "INITIALIZATION OF TCL STANDARD CHANNELS"
-.PP
-Standard channels are initialized by the Tcl library in three cases:
-when explicitly requested, when implicitly required before returning
-channel information, or when implicitly required during registration
-of a new channel.
-.PP
-These cases differ in how they handle unavailable platform- specific
-standard channels. (A channel is not
-.QW available
-if it could not be
-successfully opened; for example, in a Tcl application run as a
-Windows NT service.)
-.TP
-1)
-A single standard channel is initialized when it is explicitly
-specified in a call to \fBTcl_SetStdChannel\fR. The states of the
-other standard channels are unaffected.
-.RS
-.PP
-Missing platform-specific standard channels do not matter here. This
-approach is not available at the script level.
-.RE
-.TP
-2)
-All uninitialized standard channels are initialized to
-platform-specific default values:
-.RS
-.TP
-(a)
-when open channels are listed with \fBTcl_GetChannelNames\fR (or the
-\fBfile channels\fR script command), or
-.TP
-(b)
-when information about any standard channel is requested with a call
-to \fBTcl_GetStdChannel\fR, or with a call to \fBTcl_GetChannel\fR
-which specifies one of the standard names (\fBstdin\fR, \fBstdout\fR
-and \fBstderr\fR).
-.PP
-In case of missing platform-specific standard channels, the Tcl
-standard channels are considered as initialized and then immediately
-closed. This means that the first three Tcl channels then opened by
-the application are designated as the Tcl standard channels.
-.RE
-.TP
-3)
-All uninitialized standard channels are initialized to
-platform-specific default values when a user-requested channel is
-registered with \fBTcl_RegisterChannel\fR.
-.PP
-In case of unavailable platform-specific standard channels the channel
-whose creation caused the initialization of the Tcl standard channels
-is made a normal channel. The next three Tcl channels opened by the
-application are designated as the Tcl standard channels. In other
-words, of the first four Tcl channels opened by the application the
-second to fourth are designated as the Tcl standard channels.
-.SH "RE-INITIALIZATION OF TCL STANDARD CHANNELS"
-.PP
-Once a Tcl standard channel is initialized through one of the methods
-above, closing this Tcl standard channel will cause the next call to
-\fBTcl_CreateChannel\fR to make the new channel the new standard
-channel, too. If more than one Tcl standard channel was closed
-\fBTcl_CreateChannel\fR will fill the empty slots in the order
-\fBstdin\fR, \fBstdout\fR and \fBstderr\fR.
-.PP
-\fBTcl_CreateChannel\fR will not try to reinitialize an empty slot if
-that slot was not initialized before. It is this behavior which
-enables an application to employ method 1 of initialization, i.e. to
-create and designate their own Tcl standard channels.
-.SH "SHELL-SPECIFIC DETAILS"
-.SS tclsh
-.PP
-The Tcl shell (or rather the function \fBTcl_Main\fR, which forms the
-core of the shell's implementation) uses method 2 to initialize
-the standard channels.
-.SS wish
-.PP
-The windowing shell (or rather the function \fBTk_MainEx\fR, which
-forms the core of the shell's implementation) uses method 1 to
-initialize the standard channels (See \fBTk_InitConsoleChannels\fR)
-on non-Unix platforms. On Unix platforms, \fBTk_MainEx\fR implicitly
-uses method 2 to initialize the standard channels.
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-Tcl_CreateChannel(3), Tcl_RegisterChannel(3), Tcl_GetChannel(3), Tcl_GetStdChannel(3), Tcl_SetStdChannel(3), Tk_InitConsoleChannels(3), tclsh(1), wish(1), Tcl_Main(3), Tk_MainEx(3)
-.SH KEYWORDS
-standard channels