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-'\"
-'\" Copyright (c) 1993 The Regents of the University of California.
-'\" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
-'\"
-'\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
-'\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
-'\"
-.TH Tcl n "8.6" Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands"
-.so man.macros
-.BS
-.SH NAME
-Tcl \- Tool Command Language
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-Summary of Tcl language syntax.
-.BE
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.PP
-The following rules define the syntax and semantics of the Tcl language:
-.IP "[1] \fBCommands.\fR"
-A Tcl script is a string containing one or more commands.
-Semi-colons and newlines are command separators unless quoted as
-described below.
-Close brackets are command terminators during command substitution
-(see below) unless quoted.
-.IP "[2] \fBEvaluation.\fR"
-A command is evaluated in two steps.
-First, the Tcl interpreter breaks the command into \fIwords\fR
-and performs substitutions as described below.
-These substitutions are performed in the same way for all
-commands.
-Secondly, the first word is used to locate a command procedure to
-carry out the command, then all of the words of the command are
-passed to the command procedure.
-The command procedure is free to interpret each of its words
-in any way it likes, such as an integer, variable name, list,
-or Tcl script.
-Different commands interpret their words differently.
-.IP "[3] \fBWords.\fR"
-Words of a command are separated by white space (except for
-newlines, which are command separators).
-.IP "[4] \fBDouble quotes.\fR"
-If the first character of a word is double-quote
-.PQ \N'34'
-then the word is terminated by the next double-quote character.
-If semi-colons, close brackets, or white space characters
-(including newlines) appear between the quotes then they are treated
-as ordinary characters and included in the word.
-Command substitution, variable substitution, and backslash substitution
-are performed on the characters between the quotes as described below.
-The double-quotes are not retained as part of the word.
-.IP "[5] \fBArgument expansion.\fR"
-If a word starts with the string
-.QW {*}
-followed by a non-whitespace character, then the leading
-.QW {*}
-is removed and the rest of the word is parsed and substituted as any other
-word. After substitution, the word is parsed as a list (without command or
-variable substitutions; backslash substitutions are performed as is normal for
-a list and individual internal words may be surrounded by either braces or
-double-quote characters), and its words are added to the command being
-substituted. For instance,
-.QW "cmd a {*}{b [c]} d {*}{$e f {g h}}"
-is equivalent to
-.QW "cmd a b {[c]} d {$e} f {g h}" .
-.IP "[6] \fBBraces.\fR"
-If the first character of a word is an open brace
-.PQ {
-and rule [5] does not apply, then
-the word is terminated by the matching close brace
-.PQ } "" .
-Braces nest within the word: for each additional open
-brace there must be an additional close brace (however,
-if an open brace or close brace within the word is
-quoted with a backslash then it is not counted in locating the
-matching close brace).
-No substitutions are performed on the characters between the
-braces except for backslash-newline substitutions described
-below, nor do semi-colons, newlines, close brackets,
-or white space receive any special interpretation.
-The word will consist of exactly the characters between the
-outer braces, not including the braces themselves.
-.IP "[7] \fBCommand substitution.\fR"
-If a word contains an open bracket
-.PQ [
-then Tcl performs \fIcommand substitution\fR.
-To do this it invokes the Tcl interpreter recursively to process
-the characters following the open bracket as a Tcl script.
-The script may contain any number of commands and must be terminated
-by a close bracket
-.PQ ] "" .
-The result of the script (i.e. the result of its last command) is
-substituted into the word in place of the brackets and all of the
-characters between them.
-There may be any number of command substitutions in a single word.
-Command substitution is not performed on words enclosed in braces.
-.IP "[8] \fBVariable substitution.\fR"
-If a word contains a dollar-sign
-.PQ $
-followed by one of the forms
-described below, then Tcl performs \fIvariable
-substitution\fR:  the dollar-sign and the following characters are
-replaced in the word by the value of a variable.
-Variable substitution may take any of the following forms:
-.RS
-.TP 15
-\fB$\fIname\fR
-.
-\fIName\fR is the name of a scalar variable;  the name is a sequence
-of one or more characters that are a letter, digit, underscore,
-or namespace separators (two or more colons).
-Letters and digits are \fIonly\fR the standard ASCII ones (\fB0\fR\(en\fB9\fR,
-\fBA\fR\(en\fBZ\fR and \fBa\fR\(en\fBz\fR).
-.TP 15
-\fB$\fIname\fB(\fIindex\fB)\fR
-.
-\fIName\fR gives the name of an array variable and \fIindex\fR gives
-the name of an element within that array.
-\fIName\fR must contain only letters, digits, underscores, and
-namespace separators, and may be an empty string.
-Letters and digits are \fIonly\fR the standard ASCII ones (\fB0\fR\(en\fB9\fR,
-\fBA\fR\(en\fBZ\fR and \fBa\fR\(en\fBz\fR).
-Command substitutions, variable substitutions, and backslash
-substitutions are performed on the characters of \fIindex\fR.
-.TP 15
-\fB${\fIname\fB}\fR
-.
-\fIName\fR is the name of a scalar variable or array element.  It may contain
-any characters whatsoever except for close braces.  It indicates an array
-element if \fIname\fR is in the form
-.QW \fIarrayName\fB(\fIindex\fB)\fR
-where \fIarrayName\fR does not contain any open parenthesis characters,
-.QW \fB(\fR ,
-or close brace characters,
-.QW \fB}\fR ,
-and \fIindex\fR can be any sequence of characters except for close brace
-characters.  No further
-substitutions are performed during the parsing of \fIname\fR.
-.PP
-There may be any number of variable substitutions in a single word.
-Variable substitution is not performed on words enclosed in braces.
-.PP
-Note that variables may contain character sequences other than those listed
-above, but in that case other mechanisms must be used to access them (e.g.,
-via the \fBset\fR command's single-argument form).
-.RE
-.IP "[9] \fBBackslash substitution.\fR"
-If a backslash
-.PQ \e
-appears within a word then \fIbackslash substitution\fR occurs.
-In all cases but those described below the backslash is dropped and
-the following character is treated as an ordinary
-character and included in the word.
-This allows characters such as double quotes, close brackets,
-and dollar signs to be included in words without triggering
-special processing.
-The following table lists the backslash sequences that are
-handled specially, along with the value that replaces each sequence.
-.RS
-.TP 7
-\e\fBa\fR
-Audible alert (bell) (Unicode U+000007).
-.TP 7
-\e\fBb\fR
-Backspace (Unicode U+000008).
-.TP 7
-\e\fBf\fR
-Form feed (Unicode U+00000C).
-.TP 7
-\e\fBn\fR
-Newline (Unicode U+00000A).
-.TP 7
-\e\fBr\fR
-Carriage-return (Unicode U+00000D).
-.TP 7
-\e\fBt\fR
-Tab (Unicode U+000009).
-.TP 7
-\e\fBv\fR
-Vertical tab (Unicode U+00000B).
-.TP 7
-\e\fB<newline>\fIwhiteSpace\fR
-.
-A single space character replaces the backslash, newline, and all spaces
-and tabs after the newline.  This backslash sequence is unique in that it
-is replaced in a separate pre-pass before the command is actually parsed.
-This means that it will be replaced even when it occurs between braces,
-and the resulting space will be treated as a word separator if it is not
-in braces or quotes.
-.TP 7
-\e\e
-Backslash
-.PQ \e "" .
-.TP 7
-\e\fIooo\fR
-.
-The digits \fIooo\fR (one, two, or three of them) give a eight-bit octal
-value for the Unicode character that will be inserted, in the range
-\fI000\fR\(en\fI377\fR (i.e., the range U+000000\(enU+0000FF).
-The parser will stop just before this range overflows, or when
-the maximum of three digits is reached.  The upper bits of the Unicode
-character will be 0.
-.TP 7
-\e\fBx\fIhh\fR
-.
-The hexadecimal digits \fIhh\fR (one or two of them) give an eight-bit
-hexadecimal value for the Unicode character that will be inserted.  The upper
-bits of the Unicode character will be 0 (i.e., the character will be in the
-range U+000000\(enU+0000FF).
-.TP 7
-\e\fBu\fIhhhh\fR
-.
-The hexadecimal digits \fIhhhh\fR (one, two, three, or four of them) give a
-sixteen-bit hexadecimal value for the Unicode character that will be
-inserted.  The upper bits of the Unicode character will be 0 (i.e., the
-character will be in the range U+000000\(enU+00FFFF).
-.TP 7
-\e\fBU\fIhhhhhhhh\fR
-.
-The hexadecimal digits \fIhhhhhhhh\fR (one up to eight of them) give a
-twenty-one-bit hexadecimal value for the Unicode character that will be
-inserted, in the range U+000000\(enU+10FFFF.  The parser will stop just
-before this range overflows, or when the maximum of eight digits
-is reached.  The upper bits of the Unicode character will be 0.
-.RS
-.PP
-The range U+010000\(enU+10FFFD is reserved for the future.
-.RE
-.PP
-Backslash substitution is not performed on words enclosed in braces,
-except for backslash-newline as described above.
-.RE
-.IP "[10] \fBComments.\fR"
-If a hash character
-.PQ #
-appears at a point where Tcl is
-expecting the first character of the first word of a command,
-then the hash character and the characters that follow it, up
-through the next newline, are treated as a comment and ignored.
-The comment character only has significance when it appears
-at the beginning of a command.
-.IP "[11] \fBOrder of substitution.\fR"
-Each character is processed exactly once by the Tcl interpreter
-as part of creating the words of a command.
-For example, if variable substitution occurs then no further
-substitutions are performed on the value of the variable;  the
-value is inserted into the word verbatim.
-If command substitution occurs then the nested command is
-processed entirely by the recursive call to the Tcl interpreter;
-no substitutions are performed before making the recursive
-call and no additional substitutions are performed on the result
-of the nested script.
-.RS
-.PP
-Substitutions take place from left to right, and each substitution is
-evaluated completely before attempting to evaluate the next.  Thus, a
-sequence like
-.PP
-.CS
-set y [set x 0][incr x][incr x]
-.CE
-.PP
-will always set the variable \fIy\fR to the value, \fI012\fR.
-.RE
-.IP "[12] \fBSubstitution and word boundaries.\fR"
-Substitutions do not affect the word boundaries of a command,
-except for argument expansion as specified in rule [5].
-For example, during variable substitution the entire value of
-the variable becomes part of a single word, even if the variable's
-value contains spaces.
-.SH KEYWORDS
-backslash, command, comment, script, substitution, variable
-'\" Local Variables:
-'\" mode: nroff
-'\" fill-column: 78
-'\" End: