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authorWilliam Joye <wjoye@cfa.harvard.edu>2016-10-27 19:39:39 (GMT)
committerWilliam Joye <wjoye@cfa.harvard.edu>2016-10-27 19:39:39 (GMT)
commitea28451286d3ea4a772fa174483f9a7a66bb1ab3 (patch)
tree6ee9d8a7848333a7ceeee3b13d492e40225f8b86 /tcllib/idoc/man/files/modules/try/tcllib_try.n
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parent7c621da28f07e449ad90c387344f07a453927569 (diff)
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Merge commit '7c621da28f07e449ad90c387344f07a453927569' as 'tcllib'
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+'\"
+'\" Generated from file 'tcllib_try\&.man' by tcllib/doctools with format 'nroff'
+'\" Copyright (c) 2008 Donal K\&. Fellows, BSD licensed
+'\"
+.TH "try" n 1 tcllib "Forward compatibility implementation of [try]"
+.\" The -*- nroff -*- definitions below are for supplemental macros used
+.\" in Tcl/Tk manual entries.
+.\"
+.\" .AP type name in/out ?indent?
+.\" Start paragraph describing an argument to a library procedure.
+.\" type is type of argument (int, etc.), in/out is either "in", "out",
+.\" or "in/out" to describe whether procedure reads or modifies arg,
+.\" and indent is equivalent to second arg of .IP (shouldn't ever be
+.\" needed; use .AS below instead)
+.\"
+.\" .AS ?type? ?name?
+.\" Give maximum sizes of arguments for setting tab stops. Type and
+.\" name are examples of largest possible arguments that will be passed
+.\" to .AP later. If args are omitted, default tab stops are used.
+.\"
+.\" .BS
+.\" Start box enclosure. From here until next .BE, everything will be
+.\" enclosed in one large box.
+.\"
+.\" .BE
+.\" End of box enclosure.
+.\"
+.\" .CS
+.\" Begin code excerpt.
+.\"
+.\" .CE
+.\" End code excerpt.
+.\"
+.\" .VS ?version? ?br?
+.\" Begin vertical sidebar, for use in marking newly-changed parts
+.\" of man pages. The first argument is ignored and used for recording
+.\" the version when the .VS was added, so that the sidebars can be
+.\" found and removed when they reach a certain age. If another argument
+.\" is present, then a line break is forced before starting the sidebar.
+.\"
+.\" .VE
+.\" End of vertical sidebar.
+.\"
+.\" .DS
+.\" Begin an indented unfilled display.
+.\"
+.\" .DE
+.\" End of indented unfilled display.
+.\"
+.\" .SO ?manpage?
+.\" Start of list of standard options for a Tk widget. The manpage
+.\" argument defines where to look up the standard options; if
+.\" omitted, defaults to "options". The options follow on successive
+.\" lines, in three columns separated by tabs.
+.\"
+.\" .SE
+.\" End of list of standard options for a Tk widget.
+.\"
+.\" .OP cmdName dbName dbClass
+.\" Start of description of a specific option. cmdName gives the
+.\" option's name as specified in the class command, dbName gives
+.\" the option's name in the option database, and dbClass gives
+.\" the option's class in the option database.
+.\"
+.\" .UL arg1 arg2
+.\" Print arg1 underlined, then print arg2 normally.
+.\"
+.\" .QW arg1 ?arg2?
+.\" Print arg1 in quotes, then arg2 normally (for trailing punctuation).
+.\"
+.\" .PQ arg1 ?arg2?
+.\" Print an open parenthesis, arg1 in quotes, then arg2 normally
+.\" (for trailing punctuation) and then a closing parenthesis.
+.\"
+.\" # Set up traps and other miscellaneous stuff for Tcl/Tk man pages.
+.if t .wh -1.3i ^B
+.nr ^l \n(.l
+.ad b
+.\" # Start an argument description
+.de AP
+.ie !"\\$4"" .TP \\$4
+.el \{\
+. ie !"\\$2"" .TP \\n()Cu
+. el .TP 15
+.\}
+.ta \\n()Au \\n()Bu
+.ie !"\\$3"" \{\
+\&\\$1 \\fI\\$2\\fP (\\$3)
+.\".b
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.br
+.ie !"\\$2"" \{\
+\&\\$1 \\fI\\$2\\fP
+.\}
+.el \{\
+\&\\fI\\$1\\fP
+.\}
+.\}
+..
+.\" # define tabbing values for .AP
+.de AS
+.nr )A 10n
+.if !"\\$1"" .nr )A \\w'\\$1'u+3n
+.nr )B \\n()Au+15n
+.\"
+.if !"\\$2"" .nr )B \\w'\\$2'u+\\n()Au+3n
+.nr )C \\n()Bu+\\w'(in/out)'u+2n
+..
+.AS Tcl_Interp Tcl_CreateInterp in/out
+.\" # BS - start boxed text
+.\" # ^y = starting y location
+.\" # ^b = 1
+.de BS
+.br
+.mk ^y
+.nr ^b 1u
+.if n .nf
+.if n .ti 0
+.if n \l'\\n(.lu\(ul'
+.if n .fi
+..
+.\" # BE - end boxed text (draw box now)
+.de BE
+.nf
+.ti 0
+.mk ^t
+.ie n \l'\\n(^lu\(ul'
+.el \{\
+.\" Draw four-sided box normally, but don't draw top of
+.\" box if the box started on an earlier page.
+.ie !\\n(^b-1 \{\
+\h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\l'\\n(^lu+3n\(ul'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\l'|0u-1.5n\(ul'
+.\}
+.el \}\
+\h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\h'\\n(^lu+3n'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\l'|0u-1.5n\(ul'
+.\}
+.\}
+.fi
+.br
+.nr ^b 0
+..
+.\" # VS - start vertical sidebar
+.\" # ^Y = starting y location
+.\" # ^v = 1 (for troff; for nroff this doesn't matter)
+.de VS
+.if !"\\$2"" .br
+.mk ^Y
+.ie n 'mc \s12\(br\s0
+.el .nr ^v 1u
+..
+.\" # VE - end of vertical sidebar
+.de VE
+.ie n 'mc
+.el \{\
+.ev 2
+.nf
+.ti 0
+.mk ^t
+\h'|\\n(^lu+3n'\L'|\\n(^Yu-1v\(bv'\v'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^Yu'\h'-|\\n(^lu+3n'
+.sp -1
+.fi
+.ev
+.\}
+.nr ^v 0
+..
+.\" # Special macro to handle page bottom: finish off current
+.\" # box/sidebar if in box/sidebar mode, then invoked standard
+.\" # page bottom macro.
+.de ^B
+.ev 2
+'ti 0
+'nf
+.mk ^t
+.if \\n(^b \{\
+.\" Draw three-sided box if this is the box's first page,
+.\" draw two sides but no top otherwise.
+.ie !\\n(^b-1 \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\l'\\n(^lu+3n\(ul'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\h'|0u'\c
+.el \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\h'\\n(^lu+3n'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\h'|0u'\c
+.\}
+.if \\n(^v \{\
+.nr ^x \\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^Yu
+\kx\h'-\\nxu'\h'|\\n(^lu+3n'\ky\L'-\\n(^xu'\v'\\n(^xu'\h'|0u'\c
+.\}
+.bp
+'fi
+.ev
+.if \\n(^b \{\
+.mk ^y
+.nr ^b 2
+.\}
+.if \\n(^v \{\
+.mk ^Y
+.\}
+..
+.\" # DS - begin display
+.de DS
+.RS
+.nf
+.sp
+..
+.\" # DE - end display
+.de DE
+.fi
+.RE
+.sp
+..
+.\" # SO - start of list of standard options
+.de SO
+'ie '\\$1'' .ds So \\fBoptions\\fR
+'el .ds So \\fB\\$1\\fR
+.SH "STANDARD OPTIONS"
+.LP
+.nf
+.ta 5.5c 11c
+.ft B
+..
+.\" # SE - end of list of standard options
+.de SE
+.fi
+.ft R
+.LP
+See the \\*(So manual entry for details on the standard options.
+..
+.\" # OP - start of full description for a single option
+.de OP
+.LP
+.nf
+.ta 4c
+Command-Line Name: \\fB\\$1\\fR
+Database Name: \\fB\\$2\\fR
+Database Class: \\fB\\$3\\fR
+.fi
+.IP
+..
+.\" # CS - begin code excerpt
+.de CS
+.RS
+.nf
+.ta .25i .5i .75i 1i
+..
+.\" # CE - end code excerpt
+.de CE
+.fi
+.RE
+..
+.\" # UL - underline word
+.de UL
+\\$1\l'|0\(ul'\\$2
+..
+.\" # QW - apply quotation marks to word
+.de QW
+.ie '\\*(lq'"' ``\\$1''\\$2
+.\"" fix emacs highlighting
+.el \\*(lq\\$1\\*(rq\\$2
+..
+.\" # PQ - apply parens and quotation marks to word
+.de PQ
+.ie '\\*(lq'"' (``\\$1''\\$2)\\$3
+.\"" fix emacs highlighting
+.el (\\*(lq\\$1\\*(rq\\$2)\\$3
+..
+.\" # QR - quoted range
+.de QR
+.ie '\\*(lq'"' ``\\$1''\\-``\\$2''\\$3
+.\"" fix emacs highlighting
+.el \\*(lq\\$1\\*(rq\\-\\*(lq\\$2\\*(rq\\$3
+..
+.\" # MT - "empty" string
+.de MT
+.QW ""
+..
+.BS
+.SH NAME
+try \- try - Trap and process errors and exceptions
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+package require \fBTcl 8\&.5\fR
+.sp
+package require \fBtry ?1?\fR
+.sp
+\fB::try\fR \fIbody\fR ?\fIhandler\&.\&.\&.\fR? ?\fBfinally\fR \fIscript\fR?
+.sp
+.BE
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+This package provides a forward-compatibility implementation of Tcl
+8\&.6's try/finally command (TIP 329), for Tcl 8\&.5\&. The code was
+directly pulled from Tcl 8\&.6 revision ?, when try/finally was
+implemented as Tcl procedure instead of in C\&.
+.TP
+\fB::try\fR \fIbody\fR ?\fIhandler\&.\&.\&.\fR? ?\fBfinally\fR \fIscript\fR?
+This command executes the script \fIbody\fR and, depending on what the
+outcome of that script is (normal exit, error, or some other
+exceptional result), runs a handler script to deal with the case\&. Once
+that has all happened, if the \fBfinally\fR clause is present, the
+\fIscript\fR it includes will be run and the result of the handler (or
+the \fIbody\fR if no handler matched) is allowed to continue to
+propagate\&. Note that the \fBfinally\fR clause is processed even if
+an error occurs and irrespective of which, if any, \fIhandler\fR is
+used\&.
+.sp
+The \fIhandler\fR clauses are each expressed as several words,
+and must have one of the following forms:
+.RS
+.TP
+\fBon\fR \fIcode variableList script\fR
+This clause matches if the evaluation of \fIbody\fR completed with the
+exception code \fIcode\fR\&. The \fIcode\fR may be expressed as an
+integer or one of the following literal words:
+\fBok\fR, \fBerror\fR, \fBreturn\fR, \fBbreak\fR, or
+\fBcontinue\fR\&. Those literals correspond to the integers 0 through
+4 respectively\&.
+.TP
+\fBtrap\fR \fIpattern variableList script\fR
+This clause matches if the evaluation of \fIbody\fR resulted in an
+error and the prefix of the \fB-errorcode\fR from the interpreter's
+status dictionary is equal to the \fIpattern\fR\&. The number of prefix
+words taken from the \fB-errorcode\fR is equal to the list-length
+of \fIpattern\fR, and inter-word spaces are normalized in both the
+\fB-errorcode\fR and \fIpattern\fR before comparison\&.
+.sp
+The \fIvariableList\fR word in each \fIhandler\fR is always
+interpreted as a list of variable names\&. If the first word of the list
+is present and non-empty, it names a variable into which the result of
+the evaluation of \fIbody\fR (from the main \fBtry\fR) will be placed;
+this will contain the human-readable form of any errors\&. If the second
+word of the list is present and non-empty, it names a variable into
+which the options dictionary of the interpreter at the moment of
+completion of execution of \fIbody\fR will be placed\&.
+.sp
+The \fIscript\fR word of each \fIhandler\fR is also always
+interpreted the same: as a Tcl script to evaluate if the clause is
+matched\&. If \fIscript\fR is a literal \fB-\fR and the \fIhandler\fR
+is not the last one, the \fIscript\fR of the following \fIhandler\fR
+is invoked instead (just like with the \fBswitch\fR command)\&.
+.sp
+Note that \fIhandler\fR clauses are matched against in order,
+and that the first matching one is always selected\&.
+At most one \fIhandler\fR clause will selected\&.
+As a consequence, an \fBon error\fR will mask any subsequent
+\fBtrap\fR in the \fBtry\fR\&. Also note that \fBon error\fR is
+equivalent to \fBtrap {}\fR\&.
+.sp
+If an exception (i\&.e\&. any non-\fBok\fR result) occurs during
+the evaluation of either the \fIhandler\fR or the \fBfinally\fR
+clause, the original exception's status dictionary will be added to
+the new exception's status dictionary under the \fB-during\fR key\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.SH EXAMPLES
+Ensure that a file is closed no matter what:
+.PP
+.CS
+
+
+set f [open /some/file/name a]
+\fBtry\fR {
+ puts \\$f "some message"
+ # \&.\&.\&.
+} \fBfinally\fR {
+ close \\$f
+}
+
+.CE
+.PP
+Handle different reasons for a file to not be openable for reading:
+.PP
+.CS
+
+
+\fBtry\fR {
+ set f [open /some/file/name]
+} \fBtrap\fR {POSIX EISDIR} {} {
+ puts "failed to open /some/file/name: it's a directory"
+} \fBtrap\fR {POSIX ENOENT} {} {
+ puts "failed to open /some/file/name: it doesn't exist"
+}
+
+.CE
+.SH "BUGS, IDEAS, FEEDBACK"
+This document, and the package it describes, will undoubtedly contain
+bugs and other problems\&.
+Please report such in the category \fItry\fR of the
+\fITcllib Trackers\fR [http://core\&.tcl\&.tk/tcllib/reportlist]\&.
+Please also report any ideas for enhancements you may have for either
+package and/or documentation\&.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+catch(n), error(n), return(n), throw(n)
+.SH KEYWORDS
+cleanup, error, exception, final, resource management
+.SH CATEGORY
+Utility
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+.nf
+Copyright (c) 2008 Donal K\&. Fellows, BSD licensed
+
+.fi \ No newline at end of file