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authorWilliam Joye <wjoye@cfa.harvard.edu>2018-01-23 16:53:51 (GMT)
committerWilliam Joye <wjoye@cfa.harvard.edu>2018-01-23 16:53:51 (GMT)
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-=pod
-
-=head1 NAME
-
-
-
-B<XPAInet: XPA Communication Between Hosts>
-
-
-
-=head1 SYNOPSIS
-
-
-
-
-XPA uses standard inet sockets to support communication between two or
-more host computers.
-
-
-
-=head1 DESCRIPTION
-
-
-
-
-
-When the Communication Method is set to
-B<inet> (as it is by default), XPA can be used to communicate
-between different computers on the Internet. INET sockets utilize the
-IP address of the given machine and a (usually random) port number to
-communicate between processes on the same machine or between different
-machines on the Internet. These standard Internet sockets are also
-used by programs such as Netscape, ftp. etc.
-
-
-XPA supports a host-based Access Control mechanism
-to prevent unauthorized access of XPA access points by other computers
-on the Net. By default, only the machine on which the XPA server is
-running can access XPA services. Therefore, setting up communication
-between a local XPA server machine and a remote client machine
-requires a two-part registration process:
-
-
-
-=over 4
-
-
-
-
-=item *
-
-the XPA service on the local machine must be made known to the
-remote machine
-
-
-=item *
-
-the remote machine must be given permission to access the local
-XPA service
-
-
-=back
-
-
-
-Three methods by which this remote registration can be accomplished
-are described below.
-
-B<Manual Registration>
-
-The first method is the most basic and does not require the remote
-client to have xpans running. To use it, the local server simply
-gives a remote client machine access to one or more XPA access points
-using xpaset and the B<-acl> sub-command. For example,
-consider the XPA test program "stest" running on a local machine. By
-default the access control for the access point named "xpa" is
-restricted to that machine:
-
- [sh]$ xpaget xpa -acl
- *:* 123.456.78.910 gisa
- *:* localhost gisa
-
-Using xpaset and the B<-acl> sub-command, a remote client
-machine can be given permission to perform xpaget, xpaset, xpaaccess,
-or xpainfo operations. For example, to allow the xpaget operation, the
-following command can be issued on the local machine:
-
- [sh]$ xpaset -p xpa -acl "remote_machine g"
-
-This results in the following access permissions on the local machine:
-
- [sh]$ xpaget xpa -acl
- XPA:xpa 234.567.89.012 g
- *:* 123.456.78.910 gisa
- *:* localhost gisa
-
-
-The remote client can now use the local server's xpans name server to
-establish communication with the local XPA service. This can be done
-on a call-by-call basis using the B<-i> switch on xpaset, xpaget, etc:
-
- [sh]$ xpaget -i "local_machine:12345" xpa
- class: XPA
- name: xpa
- method: 88877766:2778
- sendian: little
- cendian: big
-
-Alternatively, the XPA_NSINET variable on the remote machine can be
-set to point directly to xpans on the local machine, removing
-the need to override this value each time an XPA program is run:
-
- [csh]$ setenv XPA_NSINET 'karapet:$port'
- [csh]$ xpaget xpa
- class: XPA
- name: xpa
- method: 88877766:2778
- sendian: little
- cendian: big
-
-Here, '$port' means to use the default XPA name service port (14285).
-not a port environment variable.
-
-
-Access permission for remote client machines can be stored in a file
-on the local machine pointed to by the B<XPA_ACLFILE> environment
-variable or using the B<XPA_DEFACL> environment variable. See <A
-HREF="./acl.html">XPA Access Control for more information.
-
-B<Remote Registration>
-
-If xpans is running on the remote client machine, then a local xpaset
-command can be used with the B<-remote> sub-command to
-register the local XPA service in the remote name service, while at
-the same time giving the remote machine permission to access the local
-service. For example, assume again that "stest" is running on the
-local machine and that xpans is also running on the remote machine.
-To register access of this local xpa on the remote machine, use
-the xpaset and the B<-remote> sub-command:
-
- [sh]$ ./xpaset -p xpa -remote 'remote_machine:$port' +
-
-To register the local xpa access point on the remote machine with xpaget
-access only, execute:
-
- [sh]$ ./xpaset -p xpa -remote 'remote_machine:$port' g
-
-Once the remote registration command is executed, the remote client
-machine will have an entry such as the following in its own xpans name
-service:
-
- [csh]$ xpaget xpans
- XPA xpa gs 88877766:2839 eric
-
-The xpa access point can now be utilized on the remote machine without
-further setup:
-
- [csh]$ xpaget xpa
- class: XPA
- name: xpa
- method: 838e2f68:2839
- sendian: little
- cendian: big
-
-To unregister remote access from the local machine, use the same
-command but with a '-' argument:
-
- [sh]$ xpaset -p xpa -remote 'remote_machine:$port' -
-
-The benefit of using remote registration is that communication with
-remote access points can be mixed with that of other access points
-on the remote machine. Using Access Point
-Names and Templates, one XPA command can be used to send or
-receive messages to the remote and local services.
-
-B<XPANS Proxy Registration>
-
-The two methods described above are useful when the local and remote
-machines are able to communicate freely to one another. This would be
-the case on most Local Area Networks (LANs) where all machines are
-behind the same firewall and there is no port blocking between
-machines on the same LAN. The situation is more complicated when the
-XPA server is behind a firewall, where outgoing connections are
-allowed, but incoming port blocking is implemented to prevent machines
-outside the firewall from connecting to machines inside the
-firewall. Such incoming port blocking will prevent xpaset and xpaget
-from connecting to an XPA server inside a firewall.
-
-
-To allow locally fire-walled XPA services to register with remote
-machines, we have implemented a proxy service within the xpans name
-server. To register remote proxy service, xpaset and the
-B<-remote> sub-command is again used, but with an additional
-B<-proxy> argument added to the end of the command:
-
- [sh]$ ./xpaset -p xpa -remote 'remote_machine:$port' g -proxy
-
-Once a remote proxy registration command is executed, the remote
-machine will have an entry such as the following in its own xpans name
-service:
-
- [csh]$ xpaget xpans
- XPA xpa gs @88877766:2839 eric
-
-The '@' sign in the name service entry indicates that xpans proxy
-processing is being used for this access point. Other than that, from
-the user's point of view, there is no difference in how this XPA
-access point is contacted using XPA programs (xpaset, xpaget, etc.) or
-libraries:
-
- [csh]$ xpaget xpa
- class: XPA
- name: xpa
- method: 88877766:3053
- sendian: little
- cendian: big
-
-
-Of course, the underlying processing of the XPA requests is very much
-different when xpans proxy is involved. Instead of an XPA program such
-contacting the XPA service directly, it contacts the local xpans.
-Acting as a proxy server, xpans communicates with the XPA service
-using the command channel established at registration time. Commands
-(including establishing a new data channel) are sent between xpans and
-the XPA service to set up a new message transfer, and then data is fed
-to/from the xpa request, through xpans, from/to the XPA service. In
-this way, it can be arranged so that connections between the
-fire-walled XPA service and the remote client are always initiated by
-the XPA service itself. Thus, incoming connections that would be
-blocked by the firewall are avoided. Note that there is a performance
-penalty for using the xpans/proxy service. Aside from extra overhead
-to set up proxy communication, all data must be sent through the
-intermediate proxy process.
-
-
-The xpans proxy scheme requires that the remote client allow the local
-XPA server machine to connect to the remote xpans/proxy server. If the
-remote client machine also is behind a port-blocking firewall, such
-connections will be disallowed. In this case, the only solution is to
-open up some ports on the remote client machine to allow incoming
-connections to xpans/proxy. Two ports must be opened (for command and
-data channel connections). By default, these two ports are 14285 and
-14287. The port numbers can be changed using the B<XPA_NSINET>
-environment variable. This variable takes the form:
-
- setenv XPA_NSINET machine:port1[,port2[,port3]]
-
-where port1 is the main connecting port, port2 is the XPA access port,
-and port3 is the secondary data connecting port. The second and third
-ports are optional and default to port1+1 and port1+2, respectively.
-It is port1 and port3 that must be left open for incoming connections.
-
-
-For example, to change the port assignments so that xpans listens
-for registration commands on port 12345 and data commands on port 28573:
-
- setenv XPA_NSINET myhost:12345
-
-Alternatively, all three ports can be assigned explicitly:
-
- setenv XPA_NSINET remote:12345,3000,12346
-
-In this case 12345 and 12346 should be open for incoming connections.
-The XPA access port (which need not be open to the outside
-world) is set to 3000.
-
-
-Finally, note that we currently have no mechanism to cope with
-Internet proxy servers (such as SOCKS servers). If an XPA service is
-running on a machine that cannot connect directly to outside machines,
-but goes through a proxy server instead, there currently is no way to
-register that XPA service with a remote machine. We hope to implement
-support for SOCKS proxy in a future release.
-
-
-
-=head1 SEE ALSO
-
-
-
-See xpa(n) for a list of XPA help pages
-
-
-
-=cut