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-.\" ========================================================================
-.\"
-.IX Title "regcoords 7"
-.TH regcoords 7 "April 14, 2011" "version 1.4.5" "SAORD Documentation"
-.SH "NAME"
-RegCoords \- Spatial Region Coordinates
-.SH "SYNOPSIS"
-.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
-This document describes the specification of coordinate systems, and the
-interpretation of coordinate values, for spatial region filtering.
-.SH "DESCRIPTION"
-.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
-\&\fBPixel coordinate systems\fR
-.PP
-The default coordinate system for regions is \s-1PHYSICAL\s0, which means
-that region position and size values are taken from the original
-data. (Note that this is a change from the original \s-1IRAF/PROS\s0
-implementation, in which the \s-1IMAGE\s0 coordinate system was the default.)
-\&\s-1PHYSICAL\s0 coordinates always refer to pixel positions on the original
-image (using \s-1IRAF\s0 \s-1LTM\s0 and \s-1LTV\s0 keywords). With \s-1PHYSICAL\s0 coordinates,
-if a set of coordinates specifies the position of an object in an
-original \s-1FITS\s0 file, the same coordinates will specify the same object
-in any \s-1FITS\s0 derived from the original. Physical coordinates are
-invariant with blocking of \s-1FITS\s0 files or taking sections of images,
-even when a blocked section is written to a new file.
-.PP
-Thus, although a value in pixels refers, by default, to the \s-1PHYSICAL\s0
-coordinate system, you may specify that position values refer to the
-image coordinate system using the \fBglobal\fR or \fBlocal\fR
-properties commands:
-.PP
-.Vb 2
-\& global coordsys image
-\& circle 512 512 100
-.Ve
-.PP
-The \fBglobal\fR command changes the coordinate system for all
-regions that follow, while the \fBlocal\fR command changes the
-coordinate system only for the region immediately following:
-.PP
-.Vb 3
-\& local coordsys image
-\& circle 512 512 100
-\& circle 1024 1024 200
-.Ve
-.PP
-This changes the coordinate system only for the region that follows.
-In the above example, the second region uses the global coordinate
-system (\s-1PHYSICAL\s0 by default).
-.PP
-\&\fBWorld Coordinate Systems\fR
-.PP
-If World Coordinate System information is contained in the data file
-being filtered, it also is possible to define regions using a sky
-coordinate system. Supported systems include:
-.PP
-.Vb 10
-\& name description
-\& ---- -----------
-\& PHYSICAL pixel coords of original file using LTM/LTV
-\& IMAGE pixel coords of current file
-\& FK4, B1950 sky coordinate systems
-\& FK5, J2000 sky coordinate systems
-\& GALACTIC sky coordinate systems
-\& ECLIPTIC sky coordinate systems
-\& ICRS currently same as J2000
-\& LINEAR linear wcs as defined in file
-.Ve
-.PP
-In addition, two mosaic coordinate systems have been defined that
-utilize the (evolving) \s-1IRAF\s0 mosaic keywords:
-.PP
-.Vb 4
-\& name description
-\& ---- -----------
-\& AMPLIFIER mosaic coords of original file using ATM/ATV
-\& DETECTOR mosaic coords of original file using DTM/DTV
-.Ve
-.PP
-Again, to use one of these coordinate systems, the \fBglobal\fR or
-\&\fBlocal\fR properties commands are used:
-.PP
-.Vb 1
-\& global coordsys galactic
-.Ve
-.PP
-\&\fB\s-1WCS\s0 Positions and Sizes\fR
-.PP
-In addition to pixels, positional values in a WCS-enabled region can
-be specified using sexagesimal or degrees format:
-.PP
-.Vb 11
-\& position arguments description
-\& ------------------ -----------
-\& [num] context-dependent (see below)
-\& [num]d degrees
-\& [num]r radians
-\& [num]p physical pixels
-\& [num]i image pixels
-\& [num]:[num]:[num] hms for 'odd' position arguments
-\& [num]:[num]:[num] dms for 'even' position arguments
-\& [num]h[num]m[num]s explicit hms
-\& [num]d[num]m[num]s explicit dms
-.Ve
-.PP
-If ':' is used as sexagesimal separator, the value is considered to be
-specifying hours/minutes/seconds if it is the first argument of a
-positional pair, and degrees/minutes/seconds for the second argument
-of a pair (except for galactic coordinates, which always use degrees):
-.PP
-.Vb 7
-\& argument description
-\& ----------- -----------
-\& 10:20:30.0 10 hours, 20 minutes, 30 seconds for 1st positional argument
-\& 10 degrees, 20 minutes, 30 seconds for 2nd positional argument
-\& 10h20m30.0 10 hours, 20 minutes, 30 seconds
-\& 10d20m30.0 10 degrees, 20 minutes, 30 seconds
-\& 10.20d 10.2 degrees
-.Ve
-.PP
-Similarly, the units of size values are defined by the formating
-character(s) attached to a number:
-.PP
-.Vb 9
-\& size arguments description
-\& -------------- -----------
-\& [num] context-dependent (see below)
-\& [num]" arc seconds
-\& [num]' arc minutes
-\& [num]d degrees
-\& [num]r radians
-\& [num]p physical pixels
-\& [num]i image pixels
-.Ve
-.PP
-For example:
-.PP
-.Vb 8
-\& argument description
-\& ----------- -----------
-\& 10 ten pixels
-\& 10' ten minutes of arc
-\& 10" ten seconds of arc
-\& 10d ten degrees
-\& 10p ten pixels
-\& 0.5r half of a radian
-.Ve
-.PP
-An example of using sky coordinate systems follows:
-.PP
-.Vb 4
-\& global coordsys B1950
-\& \-box 175.54d 20.01156d 10' 10'
-\& local coordsys J2000
-\& pie 179.57d 22.4d 0 360 n=4 && annulus 179.57d 22.4d 3' 24' n=5
-.Ve
-.PP
-At the \s-1FK4\s0 1950 coordinates 175.54d \s-1RA\s0, 20.01156d \s-1DEC\s0 exclude a 10
-minute by 10 minute box. Then at the \s-1FK5\s0 2000 coordinates 179.57d \s-1RA\s0
-22.4d \s-1DEC\s0 draw a radial profile regions pattern with 4 quadrants and 5
-annuli ranging from 3 minutes to 24 minutes in diameter. In this
-example, the default coordinate system is overridden by the commands
-in the regions spec.
-.PP
-\&\fB\s-1NB:\s0 The Meaning of Pure Numbers Are Context Sensitive\fR
-.PP
-When a \*(L"pure number\*(R" (i.e. one without a format directive such as 'd'
-for 'degrees') is specified as a position or size, its interpretation
-depends on the context defined by the 'coordsys' keyword. In general,
-the rule is:
-.PP
-All pure numbers have implied units corresponding to the current
-coordinate system.
-.PP
-If no coordinate system is explicitly specified, the default system is
-implicitly assumed to be \s-1PHYSICAL\s0. In practice this means that for
-\&\s-1IMAGE\s0 and \s-1PHYSICAL\s0 systems, pure numbers are pixels. Otherwise,
-for all systems other than \s-1LINEAR\s0, pure numbers are degrees. For
-\&\s-1LINEAR\s0 systems, pure numbers are in the units of the linear system.
-This rule covers both positions and sizes.
-.PP
-As a corollary, when a sky-formatted number is used with the \s-1IMAGE\s0
-or \s-1PHYSICAL\s0 coordinate system (which includes the default case of no
-coordsys being specified), the formatted number is assumed to be in
-the units of the \s-1WCS\s0 contained in the current file. If no sky \s-1WCS\s0 is
-specified, an error results.
-.PP
-Examples:
-.PP
-.Vb 2
-\& circle(512,512,10)
-\& ellipse 202.44382d 47.181656d 0.01d 0.02d
-.Ve
-.PP
-In the absence of a specified coordinate system, the circle uses the
-default \s-1PHYSICAL\s0 units of pixels, while the ellipse explicitly uses degrees,
-presumably to go with the \s-1WCS\s0 in the current file.
-.PP
-.Vb 5
-\& global coordsys=fk5
-\& global color=green font="system 10 normal"
-\& circle 202.44382 47.181656 0.01
-\& circle 202.44382 47.181656 10p
-\& ellipse(512p,512p,10p,15p,20)
-.Ve
-.PP
-Here, the circles use the \s-1FK5\s0 units of degrees (except for the
-explicit use of pixels in the second radius), while the ellipse
-explicitly specifies pixels. The ellipse angle is in degrees.
-.PP
-Note that Chandra data format appears to use \*(L"coordsys=physical\*(R"
-implicitly. Therefore, for most Chandra applications, valid regions
-can be generated safely by asking ds9 to save/display regions in
-pixels using the \s-1PHYSICAL\s0 coordsys.
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
-See funtools(7) for a list of Funtools help pages